BUDDHISM I. Biodata Birth: 563 B. C. @ Lumbini- Kapilvastu (Nepal/ U.P.) Suddodhana/ Mahamaya (Biological) & Gautami (Stepmother) Shakya clan Yashodhara/ Rahul (Son) II. Renunciation @ 29 years (Mahabhiniskraman= Leaving) 6years
Wondered & Meditated
35 years “NIRVANA” (= Enlightenment) @ Bodhgaya ( Uruvela), Niranjan (Falgu) River under Pipal/ Banyan tree III. BUDDHA = The Enlightened
IV. First Sermon – “DHARMACHAKRA PARIVARTAN “ Deer Park, Sarnath to 5 disciples ANANDA & UPALI V. Death “MAHAPARINIRVAN/ PARINIRVAN” (= free from death-birth cycle) 80years (483 B. C.) @ Kushinagar
JAINISM 540 B.C. @ Kundagram – Vaishali (North Bihar) Siddharth/Trishala Jnantrika clan Yashodha/ Priyadarshika (Daughter)
@ 30 years 12years
Wondered & Meditated
42 years “KAIVALYA” (=Supreme knowledge) @ Jrimbhikagram, Rijupalika River under Sal tree MAHAVIRA = Brave/ JINA = The conqueror (of senses) KEVALIN = Perfect learned ARIHANT = Blessed one NRIGRANTHA = Free from all bonds Hills of Nalanda (Vipuchar) Disciple and Son-in-law JAMALI “NIRVANA” 72years (468 B. C.) @ Pavapuri (Nalanda)
VI. Teachings 4 Arya-satya i. Dukha (=Problem) ii. Desire (=Cause) iii. Way to get rid (=Hope) iv. Ashtangik Marg /8-fold path (=Solution)
Knowledge/ Gyan (5) (KM-P-ASM) 1. Kaivalya= Supreme knowledge 2. Manah praya= knowledge about others 3. Avadhi= knowledge about distant things 4. Shruti= To hear 5. Mati= Common-sense
8-Marg/ (VRS-CLERM) 1. View 2. Resolve 3. Speech 4. Concentration 5. Livelihood 6. Efforts 7. Memory/ Recollection 8. Meditation Tri-pitak/ 3 Jewels (B-D-S) i. Buddha =Saying/ Teaching ii. Dhamma = Philosophy iii. Sangha = Order/ Rule Vii. Philosophy Middle Path/ Madhya-marga VIII. Soul Dead with body but Re-birth (Biggest contradiction, as soul is the only carrier)
Tri-ratna / 3 Gems (K-F-C) i. Knowledge ii. Faith iii. Conduct CONDUCT (NoVeL SPB) NO to 4 (Parshwanath) + 1 (Mahavira)
Non-violence = Ahimsa Lie = satya Steal= Astey Property = Aparigraha Celibacy = Brahamacharya
Ahimsa/ Non-violence + Austerity (Extremes) - Close to Sankhya philosophy Everything- Ling/ Non living have soul and Re-birth Karma and Transmigration of souls.
IX. Universe Originated
No beginning- No end i.e., Infinite – Utsarpani (Rise) and Avsarpani (Fall) U U U A A A
X. GOD Doesn’t exist
Exists but not the creator of Universe which is done by only Tirthankars.
XI. Varna/ Caste system Condemned XII. Language: Pali XIII. Sects/ Schisms Hinayana (LV) Mahayana (HV) Extremist Original Buddha teaching
Liberal Historicity of Buddha
Salvation- Self discipline + Meditation No idol worship
Salvation- Grace + Help of Buddha Idol worship,
Pali Buddha Teacher, Not GOD Southern Buddhist (Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Java)
Sanskrit Buddha - as GOD
Northern Buddhist (China, Korea, Japan)
Due to the virtues/ sin acquired in previous births Prakrit Vajrayana (Thunderbolt) Neo Buddhism Huge offering, easy Life and corruption SalvationMagical power/ Vajra Worship- female deities
Tibet/ East Buddhist (Bengal & Bihar)
Digamber Naked/ Sky-clad
Svetamber White cloth
Extreme
Liberals
Syadvada All judgmentsrelative/ conditional/ limited Anekantavadatheory of plurality/ multiple views
XIV. Literature Sutta pitaka Abhidhamma pitaka Vinaya pitaka Khandakas Milindapanho (i.e. Questions of Milinda) XV. Royal patrons Ashoka, Harshavardhan, Prasenjit, Dasratha, Milinda/ Menander, Kanishka, Gopala, Dharampala & Rampala (Palas, Bengal-Last patrons)
12 Angas & 14 Purvas Ardhamagdhi 2 Sutragranthas 12 Upangas, 10 Parikarnas 6 Chhedasutras, 4 Mulasultras Nandas; Bimbisar, Ajatshatru and Udayin (Harayanak dynasty), Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Samprate (Mauryan dynasty), Pradyota (Avanti), Udayan (Sindhu – Sauvira), Kharavela (Kalinga), Ganga Dynasty, Kadamb Dynasty, Amoghavarsha (Rashtrakuta Dynasty), Siddharaj Jai Singh and Kumarpala (Chalukya / Solanki)last great patrons of Jainism
XVI. Places- associated Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, Shravasti, Rajgriha, Kundagram (Vaishali), Jimbhikagram (Nalanda), Vipuchar, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Vaishali Pavapuri XVII. Councils 1. Saptaparni cave (Rajgir), 483 BC – 1. Patliputra, 367 BC Mahakassapa Ajatsatru Sthulbhadra Chandragupta Maurya Compilation- Sutta pitaka(Ananda) and Vinayapitaka(Upali) Compilation – 12 Angas 2. Vaishali, 383 BC – 2. Mathura - Aryas Kandilya Sabbakami Kalashoka 3. Vallabhi, 455 BC 3. Patliputra, 250 BC Kshamarana Devardhi Mogaliputta Tiss Ashoka Final compilation – 12 Angas + 12 Upangas Compilation- Abhidhamma pitaka 4. Kundala Vana (Kashmir) Ashvaghosa Kanishka Compilation- Mahavibha shastra (Sanskrit comment on Tri pitaka)
XVIII. Symbols- associated Lotus & Bull Horse Bodhi tree Wheel Stupa
Birth/ Janma Renunciation/ Mahabhiniskraman Nirvana/ Enlightenment Dharmachakra-parivartan/ 1st Sermon Mahaparinirvana/ Death
XIX. Architecture a) Stupa = Relics of Buddha / some other prominent monks preseved b) Chaitya = Prayer hall c) Vihara = Residence of monks and ascetics
XX. Centres of Learning Nalanda Kumargupta I Odantpuri Gopala Bihar Vikramshila Dharampala Somapuri Dharampala – N. Bengal Jagadal Rampala - Bengal Vallabhi Bhatterka - Gujarat
Mahavira – Lion Parshwanath – serpent (23rd Tirthankar) Risabha - Bull (1st Tirthankar) Total- 24 Tirthankars
a) Gumphas/ caves – Hathigumpha, Baghagumpha b) Dilwara temples – Vimalavasahi temple, Tejapala temple- Mount Abu (Raj.) c) Temples – Girnar & Palitana (Gujarat), Pavapuri, Rajgriha d) Statue of Bahubali/ Gomateshwara – Shravanbelegola (Karnataka)
