HSE STANDARD MODULE 06 SCAFFOLDING AND ACCESS
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS ONE MODULE IN A SET COMPRISING HSE STANDARDS FOR THE BRUNEI SHELL JOINT VENTURE COMPANIES
BSP-02-Standard-1644
Revision 3.2
Document Owner:
Abd-Samad B Ibrahim, SCO/4
Document Author:
Mohd Hasyim Bin Abdullah, HSE/414
BSP – Scaffolding and Access
Module 06
Document Control
Revision Record REV
REVISION DESCRIPTION
DATE
st
1.0
1 Issue
2.0
2
3.0
No material changes – changed to newly assigned doct owner post transition March 2001; converted from PageMaker to MS-Word; Updated to include details on scaffolders job descriptions & capabilities at various levels
June 2001
3.1
Incorporate recommendation from incident – 2.8.8 change incorporating “prior discussion between scaffold and requestor wrt the number of ladder access required” .
May 2003
nd
Issue
May 1997
Incorporate minor comments from BLNG-EME. 3.2
Key Changes includes: a) Document references updates, b) scaffolders competency, and c) includes other means of access (e.g. Abseiling, Tank Builder Access, etc.).
June 2008
Distribution Control Distribution of this document is controlled controlle d by the Document Owner. The document is made available on the BSP Intranet> Homepage>Corporate>HSE> HSE Documents
Notice and Warning Copyright 2001, Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad This document is the property of Brunei Shell Petroleum Sendirian Berhad (BSP), KB3534, Negara Brunei Darussalam. Circulation is restricted to BSP and its designated associates, contractor s and consultants. consultants. It must not be copied or used for any other purpose purpose other than which it is supplied, supplied, without the expressed written authority of BSP. Except where provided for purposes of contractual requirements, BSP disclaims any responsibility or liability for any use or misuse of the document by any person and makes no warranty as to the accuracy or suitability suitability of the information to any third party. party. Any misuse misuse of the document document is redressable redressable by BSP. This module is one of a series produced produced by the Brunei Shell JV Companies, Companies, which represent represent minimum minimum acceptable HSE standards standards for a wide variety of operations. Individual operating operating procedures and/or task specifications should reflect these minimum standards and should be consulted, where appropriate, prior to start of work. Comment and feedback from users of this module is encouraged, in order that the series may be updated as appropriate to reflect current requirements. requirements.
Scaffolding and Access - Rev 3.2
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BSP – Scaffolding and Access
Module 06
Document Control
Revision Record REV
REVISION DESCRIPTION
DATE
st
1.0
1 Issue
2.0
2
3.0
No material changes – changed to newly assigned doct owner post transition March 2001; converted from PageMaker to MS-Word; Updated to include details on scaffolders job descriptions & capabilities at various levels
June 2001
3.1
Incorporate recommendation from incident – 2.8.8 change incorporating “prior discussion between scaffold and requestor wrt the number of ladder access required” .
May 2003
nd
Issue
May 1997
Incorporate minor comments from BLNG-EME. 3.2
Key Changes includes: a) Document references updates, b) scaffolders competency, and c) includes other means of access (e.g. Abseiling, Tank Builder Access, etc.).
June 2008
Distribution Control Distribution of this document is controlled controlle d by the Document Owner. The document is made available on the BSP Intranet> Homepage>Corporate>HSE> HSE Documents
Notice and Warning Copyright 2001, Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad This document is the property of Brunei Shell Petroleum Sendirian Berhad (BSP), KB3534, Negara Brunei Darussalam. Circulation is restricted to BSP and its designated associates, contractor s and consultants. consultants. It must not be copied or used for any other purpose purpose other than which it is supplied, supplied, without the expressed written authority of BSP. Except where provided for purposes of contractual requirements, BSP disclaims any responsibility or liability for any use or misuse of the document by any person and makes no warranty as to the accuracy or suitability suitability of the information to any third party. party. Any misuse misuse of the document document is redressable redressable by BSP. This module is one of a series produced produced by the Brunei Shell JV Companies, Companies, which represent represent minimum minimum acceptable HSE standards standards for a wide variety of operations. Individual operating operating procedures and/or task specifications should reflect these minimum standards and should be consulted, where appropriate, prior to start of work. Comment and feedback from users of this module is encouraged, in order that the series may be updated as appropriate to reflect current requirements. requirements.
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Contents CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION ................................................... .................................................................................. ............................... 5
CHAPTER 2
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ ................................................................................ ........................ 6
2.1 Scaffolder Personnel...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Scaffolders................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Personnel Records ........................................................................... ......................................................... 6 2.2
Requests for Scaffolding Scaffoldi ng ........................................................................... .................................................... 7
2.3
Materials ....................................................................................... .................................................................. 9
2.4 Design............................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.4.1 Design Requirements ........................................................................................... .................................. 10 2.4.2 Design Types.......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.5
General Access Scaffold.............................................................................................................................. 11
2.6
System Scaffold ........................................................................................ .................................................... 13
2.7 Ancillary Equipment ...................................................................................... ............................................. 13 2.7.1 Gin Blocks.............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.7.2 Safety Chairs .......................................................................................................................................... 13 2.7.3 Cradles ................................................................................................ .................................................... 13 2.8 Tower Scaffolds............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.8.1 Loading................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.8.2 Foundations .......................................................................................... .................................................. 14 2.8.3 Vertical and Horizontal Members.......................................................................................................... 15 2.8.4 Ties and Stability.................................................................................................................................... 15 2.8.5 Working Platforms ................................................................................... .............................................. 16 2.8.6 Guard Rails............................................................................................................................................. 16 2.8.7 Toe Boards.............................................................................................................................................. 16 2.8.8 Access..................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.9 Activity Controls.......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.9.1 Inspections.............................................................................................................................................. 17 2.9.2 SCAFFTAG System............................................................................................................................... 17 2.9.3 Handover ................................................................................................................................................ 18 2.9.4 Modifications.......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.9.5 Protection from Falls.............................................................................................................................. 21 2.10 Working Over Water............................................................................................................................... 21 2.10.1 Lifelines and Flotation Devices.......................................................................................................... 21 2.10.2 Standby Boats ............................................................................................... ...................................... 21 2.10.3 Work during Hours of Darkness ........................................................................................................ 21 2.11 Ladders...................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.11.1 Securing a Ladder............................................................................................................................... 23 2.11.2 Safe Use of Ladders............................................................................................................................ 24 2.11.3 Care and Maintenance .................................................................................. ...................................... 25 2.11.4 Inspection and Colour Coding............................................................................................................ 26 2.12 Power-operated Mobile Work Platforms.............................................................................................. 26 2.12.1 Operators............................................................................................................................................. 26 2.12.2 Work Areas ................................................................................................ ......................................... 27 2.12.3 Work Platforms................................................................................................................................... 27 2.12.4 WP Controls........................................................................................................................................ 28 2.12.5 Control of WP Use ............................................................................................................................. 28 Scaffolding and Access - Rev 3.2
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2.12.6 2.12.7 2.12.8 2.12.8 2.13
Module 06
WP Hazards ................................................................................................. ....................................... 29 WP Operations.................................................................................................................................... 29 Maintenance........................................................................................................................................ 30 Maintenance........................................................................................................................................ 31 Other Type of Accesses............................................................................................................................ 31
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
APPENDIX 1 - EXAMPLE EXAMPLE JOB SPECIFICATIONS.................................................. SPECIFICATIONS.................................................. 34 1.1
Trainee Scaffolder Scaffol der .......................................................................................... ............................................. 34
1.2
Basic Scaffolder............................................................................................................................................ 34
1.3
Advanced Scaffolder ................................................................................................................................... 35
1.4
Scaffolding Supervisor Superviso r ..................................................................... ........................................................... 36
1.5
Scaffold Inspector........................................................................................................................................ 36
APPENDIX 2 - CHECKLISTS CHECKLISTS ........................................... .................................................................................... ......................................... 34 2.1
System Scaffold ........................................................................................ .................................................... 37
2.2
Towers...............................................................................................................
Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX 3 - GLOSSARY GLOSSARY OF TERMS TERMS ...................................................... ................................................................... ............. 39 3.1
Types and Dimensions of Scaffolds ........................................................................................................... 39
3.2
Tubular Members and Beams.................................................................................................................... 39
3.3
Scaffold Couplers and Fittings................................................................................................................... 40
3.4
Other Terms in General Use .............................................................................. ........................................ 40
APPENDIX 4 - CHECKLIST CHECKLIST FOR EXAMINATION EXAMINATION OF LADDERS........................... 42
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CHAPTER 1
Module 06
INTRODUCTION
In day to day operations, there are many occasions when otherwise inaccessible places or equipment have to be reached to carry out work and it would be impossible to carry out some construction and maintenance work without providing a suitable means of access. Access equipment comes in a variety of types and is often the place from which work is carried out and not just the means of gaining access to the work place. The simplest type is the ladder which is often the cheapest and quickest way to get a job done. More complex is a scaffold which can be constructed using conventional tube, fittings and boards, or by using proprietary systems based on prefabricated frames. The powered mobile work platform is becoming a more and more common feature in activities such as the maintenance of street lighting. Other types of height access includes Rope Access (e.g. for BSP head quarter windows cleaning), Personnel Work Basket, etc.. Regardless of the type of equipment and what it is used for, there are inherent risks associated with it and it is essential that access systems are both provided and used safely. The contents of this document address these risks and their application will ensure appropriate controls are in place to ensure safe operations. This standard covers all aspects of scaffolding and access, both onshore and offshore, and follows the basic structure shown below: •
the people involved
•
the materials used
•
design and construction
•
use of equipment
•
activity controls
•
special situations
Note: Contractors wishing to use scaffolding for their own purposes, to facilitate painting works, etc. must adhere to all regulations, specifications and protocols specified within this HSE Standard whenever the work is performed on-site.
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CHAPTER 2 REQUIREMENTS 2.1 2.1.1
Scaffolder Personnel Scaffolders Only competent scaffolders employed by a company on contract to BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES shall carry out scaffolding work on behalf of BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES. Training shall be carried out to standards approved by BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES. All competency certificates and National Vocational Qualifications that is internationally acceptable in the scaffolding industry may be considered, and subjected to review and approve by the line. Table 1 lists out the competency requirement for all personnel employed for the purpose of erecting, modifying or dismantling scaffolding on BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES assets. JOB CATEGORY
QUALIFICATIONS
EXPERIENCE
Scaffold Inspector
Certificate of Competency Scaffold Safety Inspection, and/or National Vocational Qualifications equivalent
Must have at least five years Experience in the Scaffolding Industry.
Scaffolding Supervisor
Scaffolding Supervisor Certificate, and/or National Vocational Qualifications equivalent
Minimum 18 months on-site experience as an Advanced Scaffolder
Advanced Scaffolder
Advance Scaffolder Certificate of Competency , and/or National Vocational Qualifications equivalent
Minimum 12 months on-site experience as a Basic Scaffolder
Basic Scaffolder
Certificate of Competency Scaffolding Part 1 & 2 , and/or National Vocational Qualifications equivalent
Minimum 12 months on-site Experience as a Trainee Scaffolder
Trainee Scaffolder
Perform under the supervision of an Advance Scaffolder
Table 1 - Personnel Requirements Exceptions to the above requirements, e.g. the erection of proprietary system scaffold by unqualified personnel, etc. are identified at the relevant places in the document. Outline Job Specifications for Scaffold Inspectors, Scaffolding Supervisor, Advanced Scaffolders, Basic Scaffolders and Trainee Scaffolders and the requirements for supervision are contained in Appendix 1.
2.1.2
Personnel Records Personnel records of scaffolders shall be maintained and kept up to date by the contractor and be available for inspection by BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES Contract Holders. They shall show: •
Full Name of Employee
•
Date of Birth
•
Job Category
•
Training Record (original certificates or certified copies thereof)
•
NVQ Registration Number (if relevant)
•
Brunei IC or Passport Number
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2.2
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Requests for Scaffolding A BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES engineer or relevant operating authority shall raise requests for erection, modification or dismantling of scaffolding. Requests for scaffolding works shall be made on a Scaffold Request Sheet (Figure 1) and will accompany any Engineering Work Order. Scaffold Request Sheets are available from the HSE forms warehouse. Note that these request sheets are not used in BLNG, as scaffolding is organized though the electronic Maintenance Management System, however, a safety certificate is also required for scaffold erection within all BLNG “live” process, utilities, storage and jetty areas. The requester shall clearly describe the intended purpose, use and loading requirements of the scaffold or proposed modification and the Scaffold Request Sheet is the basis of the agreement between BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES and the Scaffolding Contractor in this respect. When a scaffold of unusual or particular design is required and one of the standard scaffold types (see Table 3) is not appropriate, the requester shall ensure complete and specific details of the BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES user requirements are entered on the Scaffold Request. In such cases, sufficient lead-time shall be given to the Scaffolding Contractor for preparation of a suitable design.
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Module 06
Figure 1 - Scaffold Request Sheet
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2.3 Materials In all cases access equipment, whether tube and fittings, proprietary systems or special equipment, shall be suitable in all respects for its intended application. For the majority of applications this will entail the use of steel tube, fittings and board in accordance with Table 2. However, there are certain circumstances where the use of proprietary systems manufactured from steel or aluminium or the use of special equipment is indicated. Typical indications for the use of such systems and equipment are general access purposes for inspection or cleaning of street lights, high ceilings, guttering, etc. where the access is required for a short period only or is required to be easily moveable and there is a firm footing. In these circumstances, the use of proprietary systems or special equipment may show substantial cost savings over conventional steel tube. Before a decision is made on the type of access equipment to use, the nature of the intended task must be fully e xamined and the compatibility of the intended task and its location with the equipment application must be assessed.
Material
Table 2 - Scaffold Material Standards Standard Additional Requirements
Steel tube
BS EN 39 BS 1139 Parts 1 Sec 1.2 & Sec 2.2
Only galvanised tube to be used. Used tubes to be regularly inspected and cleaned. All tubes to be checked before use for corrosion and general condition. Defective tubes to be discarded. Buttwelded tubes may be used on condition that the welding has been carried out to an approved procedure.
Fittings
BS EN 39 BS 1139 Parts 1 Sec 1.2 & Sec 2.2
All fittings to be examined before use for damage and wear. Damaged or worn fittings to be discarded. No heat to be applied to fittings. Moving parts to be lubricated.
Boards
BS 2482
To be clean and free of nails, free of warping and significant cracks. Not to be painted.
When scaffolding is erected in areas where high levels of radiated heat are unavoidably encountered, e.g. where high temperature pipework is in close proximity, timber scaffold boards may be exposed to the risk of burning or charring. In these circumstances, the use of pressed steel staging boards is an acceptable alternative. Note, aluminium tubes, fittings, components and proprietary system aliminium frames are vulnerable in the case of fire and are potentially spark producing. If they are to be used where flammable atmospheres could be present during normal operations, or within the fenced boundaries of the BLNG site, their use shall be controlled under the work permit system and precautions specified to ensure a safe atmosphere is provided. If a safe atmosphere cannot be reliably provided, equipment manufactured from steel shall be used.
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2.4 Design 2.4.1
Design Requirements The access and working scaffolds listed in Table 3, with their construction criteria, shall be designed by the contractor in accordance with appropriate British Standards. All other scaffolds, and all scaffolds which are the subject of a specific user request outside the pre-specified format of Table 3, shall be designed by the contractor to the requirements set out in BS EN 12811-1. Table 3 - Loads and Dimensions for Tube and Fit tings Scaffold
Type of Scaffold
Use of scaffold
Scaffold Loading per m2
Very light duty Independent
Inspection, access and painting
75 kg
Light duty Independent
Power cleaning, painting, light engineering
General purpose independent
Maximum spacing between Standards
Typical load examples per bay
1 working platform
2.7 m
1 man +tools. No materials
150 kg
2 working platforms
2.4 m
2 men + tools. No materials
Light engineering, e.g. welding or electrical
200 kg
2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty
2.1 m
2 men + 175 kg of materials
Heavy duty Independent
Heavy engineering, e.g. large pipework or structural
250 kg
2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty
2.0 m
2 men + 250 kg of materials
Special purpose
To be stated on design drawings
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Maximum number of working Platforms
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2.4.2
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Design Types In all cases, the following scaffold types are to be subject to specific design by the contractor, which BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES may require to approve in detail prior to erection: •
Offshore overside scaffolds.
•
Access scaffolds above 50m in height.
•
Hanging or slung scaffolds.
•
External freestanding scaffolds.
•
Scaffolds required to withstand wind speeds >39m/s.
•
Falsework and support scaffolds.
•
Extra heavy duty scaffolds in excess of the heavy duty specification in Table 3.
•
Loading platforms for loads e xceeding 2.5 kN/m2.
•
Lifting gantries.
•
Public access scaffolds
•
Temporary roofs.
Note:
Hanging or slung scaffolds for onshore application do not normally provide the facility of conducting a lightning strike to earth and during the design of such scaffolds, consideration shall be given to suitable earthing arrangements. For further information and details of earthing methods, refer to HSE Standard Module 13 General Electrical Safety and BS EN 62305 Part 1 – Part 4 - Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning.
For scaffold of the types listed above, the contractor shall produce a work specification together with all the necessary drawings for the proposed scaffold work, which BRUNEI SHELL JV COMPANIES may require to approve prior to erection.
2.5
General Access Scaffold General access, or conventional, scaffolding is constructed using steel tube, fittings and boards. The main elements of conventional scaffolding are shown in Figure 2 on the following page. Construction requirements are as follows: Foundations shall be adequate for the load imposed at each standard and for the weight of the whole scaffold. Sole boards shall be used under steel base plates if there is any chance of the plate otherwise sinking into the surface or where baseplates are unavoidably located over grating. Standards shall be vertical and generally pitched on steel base plates not more than 2.7 m apart. Joints shall be staggered on adjacent standards so that they do not occur on the same lift. Ledgers shall be horizontal, placed inside the standards and clamped to them with right angle couplers. Joints shall be staggered so that in adjacent ledgers they do not occur in the same bay. Transoms shall be spaced at no more than 1.5 m. They should be extended inwards and outwards as necessary to create the necessary work platform support. Ties shall be provided on all scaffolds to prevent inward and outward movement. Frequency of ties shall be to BS EN 12811-1 and they shall be evenly spread. The type of tie will depend on the tying requirements and the nature of the structure. Only load bearing fittings shall be used for ties. Bracing shall be installed on all scaffolds to ensure rigidity. The following minimum requirements apply: •
Bracing shall be fixed as near as possible to node points.
•
Bracing shall be erected progressively with the scaffold.
•
Bracing must be at an angle of 45°, or as near to that angle as possible.
•
All bracing shall start from base plate level.
•
Only load bearing fittings shall be used.
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