BS en 196-3, 1995-Cement Setting Time and Soundness

British Standard

A single copy of this British Standard is licensed to Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

porx6sek porx6sek

on January 22, 2002

This is an uncontrolled copy. Ensure use of the most current version of this document by searching British Standards Online at bsonline.techindex.co.uk

BRITISH STANDARD

Methods of testing cement —

Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness

The European Standard EN 196-3:1994 has the status of a British Standard

BS EN 196-3:1995

BS EN 196-3:1995

Cooperating organizations


The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standard Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. Association française de normalisation Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. Hellenic Organization for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee B/516, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1995

Amendments issued since publication

© BSI 01-1999

Amd. No.

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/516 Special announcement in BSI News December 1992 ISBN 0 580 21519 9

Date

Comments

BS EN 196-3:1995

Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Foreword Text of EN 196-3

2 3 Inside back cover Inside back cover Inside back cover


National annex NA (informative) Determination of standard consistence National annex NB (informative) Committees responsible National annex NC (informative) Cross-references

Page Inside front cover ii

© BSI 01-1999

i

BS EN 196-3:1995

National foreword


This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime. It is the English language version of EN 196-3:1994 Methods of testing cement — Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 196-3 was drawn up by CEN Technical Committee 51, Cement and building limes, as Part 3 of a series on testing cement which was originally accepted by CEN on 15 November 1985 and made available on 12 May 1987. The UK gave a negative vote at the final voting stage and, under the CEN Rules then in force, was not obliged to implement this Part. A second formal vote was taken in November 1992 when the UK again gave a negative vote but, under the CEN Rules now in force, is obliged to implement this Part. This British Standard supersedes BS 4550-3.5:1978, BS 4550-3.6:1978 and BS 4550-3.7:1978 which are withdrawn. The methods described in this standard retain the use of the familiar Vicat and le Chatelier apparatus. The UK negative votes on this Part were due to the fact that the draft European Standard contained certain errors, some of which remain in the 1994 text, e.g. the minimum laboratory relative humidity in 4.1 should be 50 % to accord with EN 196-1. Furthermore, the requirement in 7.1.3 for a minimum relative humidity of 98 % is inappropriate as values at this level can neither be measured nor controlled with any precision. The lengths of the standard consistence plunger and of the setting time needles are not critical where the Vicat apparatus is calibrated in advance of the test (see 5.2.3 and 6.2). However, for convenience in use, they should be of the same length within ± 1 mm. Hence, in the typical illustrations shown in Figure 1, the needle lengths in (d) and (e) should be shown to the upper shoulder of the cone. The Vicat mould is specified in 5.1 to be of hard rubber but “moulds of metal may be used provided that .... they can be shown to give the same test results”. Such data are available in the UK enabling metal moulds to be used. In the test for standard consistence, 5.2.3 requires repeat tests “with pastes containing different water contents until one is found to produce a distance between plunger and base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm”. The UK procedure for meeting this requirement is given in national annex NA. BS 4550-3.7:1978 included a soundness test for supersulfated cement, based on immersion in cold water, which does not appear in EN 196-3. This procedure is being retained in an appendix to BS 4248:1974. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. ii

© BSI 01-1999

EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 196-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM

December 1994

ICS 91.100.10

Supersedes EN 196-3:1987

Descriptors: Cements, tests, determination, setting time, consistence, stability

English version

Methods of testing cement — Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness


Méthodes d’essai des ciments — Partie 3: Détermination du temps de prise et de la stabilité

Prüfverfahren für Zement — Teil 3: Bestimmung der Erstarrungszeiten und der Raumbeständigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-12-12. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 196-3:1994 E

EN 196-3:1994


Foreword This European Standard was drawn up by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51, Cement and building limes, of which the secretariat is held by IBN. The European Standard on the methods of testing cement comprises the following Parts: EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength. EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement — Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement. EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement — Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness. ENV 196-4, Methods of testing cement — Part 4: Quantitative determination of constituents. EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement — Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements. EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement — Part 6: Determination of fineness. EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement. EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement — Part 21: Determination of chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 1995. This European standard supersedes EN 196-3:1987. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

2

Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Test principles 4 General requirements for testing 5 Standard consistence test 6 Setting time test 7 Soundness test Figure 1 — Vicat apparatus for determining the standard consistence and setting time of cement Figure 2 — Le Chatelier apparatus for the determination of soundness of cements

Page 2 3 3 3 3 3 6 7

4 8

© BSI 01-1999

EN 196-3:1994

1 Scope This European Standard describes the methods for determining setting time and soundness of cements. It is applicable to all cements covered by ENV 197-1. This standard describes the reference procedure; it allows the use of alternative procedures as indicated in notes provided that they do not affect the results significantly. In the event of a dispute, only the reference procedure described in this standard shall be used, excluding any alternatives.


2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength. ENV 197-1, Cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria — Part 1: Common cements.

3 Test principles The setting time is determined by observing the penetration of a needle into cement paste of standard consistence until it reaches a specified value. The soundness is determined by observing the volume expansion of cement paste of standard consistence as indicated by the relative movement of two needles. Cement paste of standard consistence has a specified resistance to penetration by a standard plunger. The water required for such a paste is determined by trial penetrations of pastes with different water contents.

4 General requirements for testing 4.1 Laboratory The laboratory in which specimens are prepared and tested shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of not less than 65 %.

4.2.2 Graduated cylinder or burette, capable of measuring to the nearest 1 % of the volume measured. 4.2.3 Mixer, conforming to EN 196-1. 4.3 Materials 4.3.1 Distilled or deionized water shall be used for making, storing and boiling specimens. NOTE Other water may be used provided that it can be shown to give the same test results.

4.3.2 Cement, water and apparatus used to make and test specimens shall be at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C.

5 Standard consistence test 5.1 Apparatus Use the Vicat apparatus as shown in Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b) with the plunger shown in Figure 1(c). The plunger [Figure 1(c)] shall be of non-corrodible metal in the form of a right cylinder of (50 ± 1) mm effective length and of (10,00 ± 0,05) mm diameter. The total mass of moving parts shall be (300 ± 1) g. Their movement shall be truly vertical and without appreciable friction, and their axis shall coincide with that of the plunger. The Vicat mould [see Figure 1(a)] to contain the paste under test shall be of hard rubber. It shall be of truncated conical form (40,0 ± 0,2) mm deep and shall have internal diameters at top and bottom of (70 ± 5) mm and (80 ± 5) mm respectively. It shall be adequately rigid and shall be provided with a plane glass base-plate larger than the mould and at least 2,5 mm thick. NOTE Moulds of metal or plastics or of cylindrical form may be used provided that they are of the specified depth and that they can be shown to give the same test results as the specified hard rubber mould of truncated conical form.

5.2 Procedure 5.2.1 Mixing the cement paste Weigh, to the nearest 1 g, 500 g of cement. Weigh a quantity of water, e.g. 125 g, in the mixer bowl or measure the water from the graduated cylinder or burette and place it into the mixer bowl. Add the cement carefully to the water in order to avoid loss of water or cement. The time of addition shall be not less than 5 s nor more than 10 s. Note the time of completion of the addition as zero time from which later measurements of time shall be made. Start the mixer immediately and run at low speed for 90 s.

4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 1 g.

© BSI 01-1999

3


EN 196-3:1994

NOTE The specified dimensions have to be observed. If the plunger, needle and needle with attachment are all adjusted to have the same mass, e.g. (9 ± 0,5) g, one correcting weight is sufficient for each apparatus.

Figure 1 — Vicat apparatus for determining the standard consistence and setting time of cement

4

© BSI 01-1999


EN 196-3:1994

NOTE The specified dimensions have to observed. If the plunger, needle and needle with attachment are all adjusted to have the same mass, e.g. (9 ± 0,5) g, one correcting weight is sufficient for each apparatus.

Figure 1 — Vicat apparatus for determining the standard consistence and setting time of cement (concluded) Stop the machine after 90 s for 15 s during which remove with a suitable scraper any paste adhering to the bowl outside the mixing zone and return it to the mix. Restart the machine and run at low speed for a further 90 s. The total mixer running time shall be 3 min. NOTE Any other mixing method, whether by machine or hand, may be used provided that it can be shown to give the same test results as the specified method.

5.2.2 Filling the mould Transfer the paste immediately to the mould, which has previously been placed on a lightly greased plane glass base-plate, and fill it to excess without undue compaction or vibration. Remove the excess by a gentle sawing motion with a straight-edged implement in such a way as to leave the paste filling the mould and having a smooth upper surface. 5.2.3 Penetration test Calibrate the Vicat apparatus with the plunger [Figure 1(c)], attached in advance of the test, by lowering the plunger to rest on the base-plate to be used and adjusting the pointer to read zero on the scale. Raise the plunger to the stand-by position.

© BSI 01-1999

Immediately after levelling the paste, transfer the mould and base-plate to the Vicat apparatus and position it centrally under the plunger. Lower the plunger gently until it is in contact with the paste. Pause in that position for between 1 s and 2 s in order to avoid initial velocity or forced acceleration of the moving parts. Then release the moving parts quickly and allow the plunger to penetrate vertically into the centre of the paste. The release of the plunger shall occur 4 min after zero time. Read the scale when penetration has ceased or 30 s after the release of the plunger, whichever is the earlier. Record the scale reading, which indicates the distance between the bottom face of the plunger and the base-plate, together with the water content of the paste expressed as a percentage by mass of the cement. Clean the plunger immediately after each penetration. Repeat the test with pastes containing different water contents until one is found to produce a distance between plunger and base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm. Record the water content of that paste to the nearest 0,5 % as the water for standard consistence.

5

EN 196-3:1994

6 Setting time test 6.1 Apparatus 6.1.1 Room or humidity cabinet A room or a humidity cabinet of adequate size and maintained at (20 ± 1) °C and not less than 90 % relative humidity. NOTE Provided that it can be shown to give the same test results, a water-bath capable of maintaining filled moulds in water at (20 ± 1) °C may be used.

6.1.2 Vicat apparatus for initial set


Remove the plunger and replace it by the needle [Figure 1(d)] which shall be of steel and in the form of a right cylinder of effective length (50 ± 1) mm and diameter (1,13 ± 0,05) mm. The total mass of moving parts shall be (300 ± 1) g. Their movement shall be truly vertical and without appreciable friction, and their axis shall coincide with that of the needle. NOTE Automatic setting time machines are commercially available and may be used provided that they can be shown to give the same test results as the specified apparatus and procedure.

6.2 Determination of initial setting time Calibrate the Vicat apparatus with the needle [Figure 1(d)], attached in advance of the test, by lowering the needle to rest on the base-plate to be used and adjusting the pointer to read zero on the scale. Raise the needle to the stand-by position. Fill a Vicat mould with paste of standard consistence and level it, in accordance with 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. Place the filled mould and base-plate in the room or humidity cabinet specified in 6.1.1 and, after a suitable time, transfer to the Vicat apparatus and position under the needle. Lower the needle gently until it is in contact with the paste. Pause in that position for between 1 s and 2 s in order to avoid initial velocity or forced acceleration of the moving parts. Then release the moving parts quickly and allow the needle to penetrate vertically into the paste. Read the scale when penetration has ceased, or 30 s after the release of the needle, whichever is the earlier.

6

Record the scale reading, which indicates the distance between the end of the needle and the base-plate, together with the time from zero. Repeat the penetration test on the same specimen at conveniently spaced positions, not less than 10 mm from the rim of the mould or from each other, at conveniently spaced intervals of time, e.g. at 10 min intervals. Between penetration tests keep the specimen in a room or humidity cabinet as specified in 6.1.1. Clean the Vicat needle immediately after each penetration. Record the time measured from zero at which the distance between the needle and the base-plate is (4 ± 1) mm as the initial setting time of the cement to the nearest 5 min. The required accuracy may be assured by reducing the time interval between penetration tests near the end-point and observing that successive results do not fluctuate excessively. 6.3 Determination of final setting time Invert the filled mould used in 6.2 on its base-plate so that the tests for final set are made on the face of the specimen originally in contact with the base-plate. Fit the needle with a ring attachment [Figure 1(e)] to facilitate accurate observation of small penetrations. Use the procedure described in 6.2. The intervals of time between penetration tests may be increased to e.g. 30 min. Between penetration tests keep the specimen in a room or humidity cabinet as specified in 6.1.1. Clean the Vicat needle immediately after each penetration. Record, to the nearest 15 min, the time measured from zero at which the needle first penetrates only 0,5 mm into the specimen as the final setting time of the cement. This time is that at which the ring attachment first fails to mark the specimen and may be accurately established by reducing the time interval between tests near the end-point and observing that successive test results do not fluctuate excessively.

© BSI 01-1999

EN 196-3:1994

7 Soundness test


7.1 Apparatus 7.1.1 Le Chatelier apparatus. The mould shall be of spring brass with indicator needles and shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 2(a). The resilience of the mould shall be such that the action of a mass of 300 g applied as shown in Figure 2(c) shall increase the distance between the indicator ends of the needles by (17,5 ± 2,5) mm without permanent deformation. A pair of plane glass base and cover plates shall be provided for each mould. Each plate shall be larger than the mould. The cover plate shall weigh at least 75 g; an additional small mass may be placed on a thin plate to satisfy this requirement. 7.1.2 Water-bath, with means of heating, capable of containing immersed Le Chatelier specimens and of raising the temperature of the water from (20 ± 2) °C to boiling in (30 ± 5) min. 7.1.3 Humidity cabinet, of adequate size and maintained at (20 ± 1) °C and not less than 98 % relative humidity. 7.2 Procedure Carry out the test simultaneously on two specimens from the same batch of cement paste. Prepare a cement paste of standard consistence. Place a lightly oiled Le Chatelier mould on the lightly oiled base-plate and fill it immediately without undue compaction or vibration using only the hands and a straight-edged implement, if desired, to level the top surface. During filling, prevent, the split in the mould from accidentally opening e.g. by gentle pressure with the fingers or by tying or by use of a suitable rubber band. Cover the mould with the lightly oiled cover plate, add the additional mass, if necessary, and then immediately place the complete apparatus in the humidity cabinet. Maintain it for (24 ± 0,5) h at (20 ± 1) °C and not less than 98 % relative humidity.

At the end of the (24 ± 0,5) h period measure the distance (A) between the indicator points to the nearest 0,5 mm. Then heat the mould gradually to boiling during (30 ± 5) min and maintain the water-bath at boiling temperature for 3 h ± 5 min. NOTE 2 Where it can be shown that the expansion after a shorter boiling period is the same as that after 3 h, such a shorter period may be used.

At the end of the boiling period the distance (B) between the indicator points may be measured to the nearest 0,5 mm. Allow the mould to cool to (20 ± 2) °C. Measure the distance (C) between the indicator points to the nearest 0,5 mm. For each specimen, record the measurements A and C and calculate the difference C – A. Calculate the mean of the two values of C – A to the nearest 0,5 mm. 7.3 Interpretation The main purpose of the soundness test is to assess the possible risk of late expansion due to hydration of uncombined calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide. For this purpose report the mean difference C – A. NOTE Where it can be shown that the conditions of the test lead to no significant difference between measurements B and C, the difference B – A may be reported since this reduces the time needed for the test.

7.4 Retest Should the fresh cement fail to comply with the specified soundness requirement it may be retested after storage. For this purpose, spread out the cement in a layer of 7 cm thickness and store it for 7 days in an atmosphere maintained at (20 ± 2) °C and not less than 65 % relative humidity. Then retest the cement according to 7.2.

NOTE 1 Provided that it can be shown to give the same test results, the mould may be placed, between its glass plates, with the additional mass, if necessary, in a water-bath and maintained under water for (24 ± 0,5) h at (20 ± 1) °C.

© BSI 01-1999

7


EN 196-3:1994

Figure 2 — Le Chatelier apparatus for the determination of soundness of cements

8

© BSI 01-1999

BS EN 196-3:1995 National annex NA (informative) Determination of standard consistence In order to meet the requirement of 5.2.3 to find a paste which produces a distance between plunger and base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm, the following procedure should be adopted. Follow the procedure in 5.2 using a paste consisting of 500 g of the cement and a selected. quantity of water, e.g. 125 g. If this gives a distance from the base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm record the water content of this paste to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard consistence. If the first paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range (6 ± 1) mm, prepare another paste with a greater or smaller quantity of water as appropriate. If this gives a distance from the base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm record the water content of this second paste to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard consistence. If this second paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range of (6 ± 1) mm, prepare a third paste with a greater or smaller quantity of water as appropriate. If this gives a distance from the base-plate of (6 ± 1) mm record the water content of this third paste to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard consistence. If this third paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range of (6 ± 1) mm, interpolate, from the three readings already obtained (providing at least one lies at each end of the range of (6 ± 1) mm), the water content required for a distance from the base-plate of 6 mm and record this value to the nearest 0,5 % as the water for standard consistence. NOTE

Any test in which the plunger fails to penetrate the paste, or penetrates the paste to rest on the base-plate, should be ignored.


National annex NB (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516 Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/4, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers’ Association British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Cementitious Slag Makers’ Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Electricity Association Quality Ash Association Society of Chemical Industry

National annex NC (informative) Cross-references The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are identical in number and title with those given in clause 2.

© BSI 01-1999


BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

BSI Ð British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means ± electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise ± without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Tel: 020 8996 7070.

BS en 196-3, 1995-Cement Setting Time and Soundness

Recommend Documents