S.no
1
Time
2min
Objectives
Content
Teachers / students activity
To give an INTRODUCTION Introduction Bronchopneumonia is an illness of lung about Bronchopneumo which is caused by different organism like nia bacteria, viruses, and fungi and characterized characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. It is also known as pneumonia. It is common in women and causes to the 6% deaths.
Streptococcus
(pneumococcus)
and
pneumoniae Mycoplasma
pneumoniae both are the common bacterium which causes bronchopneumonia in the adults and children. Acute inflammation of the walls of the smaller bronchial tubes, with varying amounts of pulmonary consolidation due to spread of the inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli
Lecture and discussio n method
A.v.aid s
Black board
Evaluation
What do you know about Bronchopne umonia ?
and the alveolar ducts; may become confluent or may be hemorrhagic. 2
2min
To know about the etiology of Bronchopneumo nia ?
ETIOLOGY
Lecture method
Bronchopneumonia
is
common
in
hospitalized patients.
Bronchopneumonia
may
occur
as
a
complication of some disease. e.g. In children- Diphtheria, Measles, Whooping Cough
In
adults-
Influenza,
Typhoid
and
Paratyphoid fever.
It is often seen in two extremes of life (in infants and old age)
Most bronchopneumonia cases are caused by organisms aspirated from the mouth.
Flash cards
What are etiology of Bronchopne umonia ?
CAUSES 3
2min
causes of Bronchopneumo nia ?
Bacteria
Virus
Lecture method
Flip chart
Lecture method
Hand outs
Explain the causes of Bronchopne umonia ?
Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the most serious and, in adults, the most common cause of
pneumonia. The
most common
pneumonia-causing bacterium in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
4
2min
RISK FACTOR To know about the risk factors of Elderly Bronchopneumo Hospitalization nia? Immobilization
Immune Deficiency
Long Term Illness
Smoking
What are the risk factors of Bronchopne umonia ?
5
3min
To know about the signs and symptoms of Bronchopneumo nia ?
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Fever: Any body temperature that goes above 37°C or 98.6°F is considered fever already. In bronchopneumonia, fever may be a symptom for having the disease especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as colds, coughing, and difficulty in breathing.
Cough: Coughing is a natural reaction of the body to the presence of certain elements that may irritate the throat. Moreover, coughing is very important to keep the throat and airway clean and clear, thus making breathing easy.
However, if coughing becomes persistent and especially if it is accompanied by mucus, then it is a sign of something more
Lecture method
Flash chard
What is the signs and symptoms of Bronchopne umonia ?
serious than ordinary coughing. A person with
bronchopneumonia
frequent
and
excessive
experiences coughing,
sometimes accompanied by mucus.
Chest pain: Any form of chest pain should be a cause for concern for those affected by bronchopneumonia. Chest pain is frequent and associated with excessive coughing and
difficulty
in
breathing.
A person with bronchopneumonia easily becomes
fatigued
and
experiences
difficulty in breathing especially after doing some strenuous exercise or after playing.
A person with bronchopneumonia not only experiences difficulty in breathing but also feels that there is also the sensation of not getting enough air. As a result, the person
gasps for air frequently.
6
2min
To know about the treatment for Bronchopneumo nia ?
Lecture method
TREATMENT
Hospitalization
Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy
Oxygen Therapy
Rest
If the cause is bacterial, the goal is to cure the infection with antibiotics . If the cause is viral, antibiotics will NOT be effective. In some cases it is difficult to distinguish between viral and bacterial pneumonia, so antibiotics may be prescribed. Pneumococcal vaccinations are recommended for individuals
in high-risk groups and provide up to 80 percent
effectiveness
pneumococcal
in
pneumonia.
staving
off
Influenza
Hand outs
What are the treatment for Bronchopne umonia ?
vaccinations are also frequently of use in
decreasing one’s susceptibility to pneumonia, since
the
flu
precedes
pneumonia
development in many cases. 7
6min To know the comlications of Bronchopneumo nia ?
Lecture method
COMPLICATIONS
Empyema is a condition in which pus and fluid from infected tissue collects in a body cavity. the name comes from the Greek word empyein meaning pus-producing (suppurate).
Pleurisy is an inflammation of the membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs (the pleura).
Inflammation
occurs
when
an
infection or damaging agent irritates the pleural surface.
Flip chart
What are the complication of Bronchopne umonia ?
L un g abscess
is an acute or chronic infection of the lung, marked by a localized collection of pus, inflammation, and destruction of tissue. Lung abscess is the end result of a number of different disease processes ranging from fungal and bacterial infections to cancer.
8
3min
To know about the diagnostic test for Bronchopneumo nia
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1. ABG is a test done to measure how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood. It also looks at the acidity (pH) of the blood. Usually, blood gases look at blood from an artery. In rarer cases, blood from a vein may be used.
Lecture method
Black board
What are the diagnostic test for Bronchopne umonia?
2. CBC Complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following:
The number of red blood cells (RBCs)
The number of white blood cells (WBCs)
The total amount of hemoglobin in the blood
The fraction of the blood composed of red blood cells (hematocrit)
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) -the size of the red blood cells
CBC also includes information about the red blood cells that is calculated from the other measurements:
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
MCHC
(mean
corpuscular
hemoglobin
concentration) The platelet count is also usually included in the CBC
3. Chest X ray chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs,
heart,
large
arteries,
ribs,
and
diaphragm.
4. Pleural fluid culture is a test that looks at a sample of fluid from the space around the lungs to find and identify disease-causing organisms. 5. History and Physical Examination 6. CT of Chest 7. Pleural fluid gram stain 8. Sputum gram stain
9. Sputum Smear Examination
9
2min
To know about the preventions of bronchopneumon ia
PREVENTION Pneumococcal Vaccine
The
pneumococcal
polysaccharide
Lecture method
flipchart What are the preventions for bronchopneu monia ?
Lecture method
What are the medical management for bronchopneu monia ?
vaccine helps protect against severe infections due to the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacteria frequently causes meningitis and pneumonia in older adults and those with chronic illnesses. The vaccine has not been shown to prevent uncomplicated pneumonia.
10
2min
To know about the medical management for bronchopneumon ia
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Antibiotics are prescribed by the doctor should be taken regularly as advised.
Supportive treatment includes hydration,
Flash cards
antipyretics, antihistamines, or nasal decongestants.
Bed rest is recommended until infection shows signs of clearing.
Oxygen therapy is given for hypoxemia
Respiratory support includes endotracheal intubation, high respiratory oxygen concentrations, and mechanical ventilation.
For groups at high risk for communityacquired pneumonia, pneumococcal vaccination is advised.
Increased fluid intake to thin viscous and tenacious secretions
11
To know about 2min the nursing management for bronchopneumon ia
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Assess for fever, chills night sweats, pleuritic-type pain, fatigue, tachypnea, use
Lecture menthod
flipchart What are the nursing management for bronchopneu monia ?
of accessory muscles, bradycardia or relative bradycardia, coughing, and purulent sputum, and auscultate breath sounds for consolidation
Note changes in temperature, pulse; amount , odor, and color of secretions; and breath sounds
Frequency and severity of cough
Encourage bronchial hygiene, such as increased fluid intake and directed coughing to remove secretions.
Put patient into moderate high back rest for lung expansion and clearing, and to cough effectively and prevent retention of mucopurulent sputum. Lecture menthod
13
2min
To know about the health teaching for
HEALTH TEACHINGS
Flash card
What is health teachings for bronchopneu monia ?
bronchopneumon ia ?
Instruct the SO to have patient a oxygen therapy for continuous normal breathing, and or breathing exercise.
Instruct the SO to keep the patient away in open place such as in road and dusty place, to prevent inhalation of airborne microorganisms.
Instruct the SO to maintain the patient proper diet that she can tolerate, such as fruits, to promote wellness.
Advice the SO to monitor patient’s fluid intake or adequate hydration, to help her body re-hydrate to prevent fluid imbalance.
Instruct SO to assist patient in performing self-hygiene activities to help her maintain her activities of daily living.
Submitted to
Submitted by
Mrs. C.R. Shamsheer begum madam
Mrs Nimisha Rajan
M.Sc(N) Principal
M.Sc.(N), 2
Dept. of child health nursing
Dept. of child health nursing
Manisha college of nursing
Manisha college of nursing
General Objective
nd
year
On completion of the class the students will be able to understand the disease condition Bronchopneumonia so as to apply this knowledge in their future practice with a positive attitude.
Specific objective: On completion of the class the students will be able to;
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Define the condition Enlist the incidence Discuss the related Anatomy Identify the etiology Enumerate the classification Discuss the pathophysiology Identify the clinical features Enlist the diagnostic measures Discuss the goals of medical management Discss the medical management Enlist the complications of shunt Discuss the nursing management
