London Brain Bee Revision Session!
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What is Brain Bee?
• An annual secondary school student neuroscience competition, endorsed by FENS • Part of the International Brain Bee • Designed to: test your knowledge of the human brain and neuroscience foster enthusiasm for STEM subjects promote knowledge sharing and respect respect connect academic research with schools
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• Currently live in the United Kingdom
Rules
• Be a student in Year 9-13 • Get a permission form signed by your parent/ guardian • No recording devices can be used at the competition during the question-and-answer period • A student can compete in the International Competition only once • A student student can compete in only one regional competition per year
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Written exam
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Competition format
Anatomy & Histology
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Live Q&A challenge
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35 MCQ questions 35 minutes On Kahoot!
20 specimens and histology slides 20 minutes
15 open questions answers on white boards 15 minutes
Patient diagnosis
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5-10 patient actors 5 minutes per patient Only in the national competition
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Brain Facts released by the Society for Neurosciences.
Study resources Neuroscience: Science of the Brain,, published by the Brain European Dana Alliance for the Brain in many different languages
Trip to the International Brain Bee
Prizes
Mentoring
Neuroscience textbooks
Internship in a lab Various prizes throughout the day Mugs, sweets, Tshirts
The winners will benefit from career mentoring
The national winner will win training and a trip to the IBB in Germany August 2018.
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“ “I honestly view my participation as a dividing line in my life- there is before Brain Bee and there is after Brain Bee.” xxx “It opened me up to the world of neuroscience and careers in scientific research, we don’t get that in high school.” xxx “My Brain Bee experience was one of the defining experiences of my high school career. It helped my self-confidence to grow enormously. enormously. It was a fantastic academic challenge and sparked an interest in neuroscience, allowed me to meet people with whom I still maintain valuable connections.”
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To register go to www.brainbee-uk.com
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FOLLOW US @brainbee_uk https://www.facebook.com/britishbrainbee #BuzzForBrainBee
EMAIL US
[email protected]
Introduction to the brain
Brain Anatomy
Fact: Your Brain uses 20% of the
London Taxi Driver Study of hippocampus
Forebrain
Memorize all of these structures!!
Division of the Nervous System
Axon Terminals
Remember! -Neurons are cells, so they have all the same organelles as regular cells
Soma (Cell Body)
Neurons Dendrite
Direction message travels
Action Potential
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Parkinson's link
Amines
Amino Acids
Neuropeptides
Other Neurotransmitters: -Lipids (Anandamide) -Norepinephrine -Gases (Nitric Oxide) -Dopamine -Second Messengers -Serotonin
Neurotransmitters
-Glutamate -Glycine -GABA
-Substance P
Aspects of Neurotransmitters to know: ! Excitatory/Inhibitory ! Associated Effects ! Diseases/drugs it interacts with
Second messengers are like social media: it helps spread the message quickly throughout the cell (amplification)
Second Messengers
3 types of Second Messengers: ! Calcium ions ! cAMP ! DAG
Benefits of Second Messengers: ! Amplification Specificity !
Plasticity
Development
3 germ layers: ! Endoderm ! Mesoderm ! Ectoderm ! neural fold + neural groove ! skin
Sensing, Thinking, and Behaving
Pupil: regulates how much light enters eye Cornea: Does most of focusing
Vision
Rods: color, acute detail Cones: black/ white, sensitive to light
Pathway of light Light cornea lens ganglion cells bipolar cells photoreceptors !
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Pathway of electrical signal bipolar cells bipolar cells ganglion cells optic nerve lateral geniculate nucleus primary visual cortex !
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Retina Anatomy
Sound waves pinna/auditory canal tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes oval window cochlea hair cells auditory nerve auditory cortex !
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Hearing
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Taste + Smell
homunculus
Touch/ Pain
Two point threshold: distance between two points on the skin necessary in order for a person to distinguish 2 distinct stimuli
Touch receptors: receptors: Merkel’s disks Ruffini bodies Meissner’s corpuscles
2 types of pain receptors: receptors: ! Myelinated (Ad): sharp, fast pain Unmyelinated (C): dull, diffuse, slow pain !
Memory
Long-term potentiation: long-lasting increase in strength of a synaptic response ! occurs as a change of synapses involving NMDA receptors and glutamate
Storing Memories
Language
Golgi tendon: measures tendon: measures force Muscle spindle: spindle: measures stretch
Muscle Anatomy
Motor cortex - directs control of alpha motor neurons Basal Ganglia - related to Parkinson’s Cerebellum - integrates movement info, coordination, and adjusts output with changing conditions
Movement Processing In Brain
Voluntary vs. Involuntary Movement
Role of stress in memory? Chronic stress ! ! Hypertension: high blood pressure ! Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries): abdominal obesity, impaired neuron function in hippocampus
Stress
Activates 3 systems: Voluntary NS: message to ! muscles ! Autonomic NS: ! Sympathetic (excites) ! move blood to muscles, release of epinephrine ! Parasympathetic Parasympathetic (calms) ! regulates body once stressor has passed Neuroendocrine: stress Neuroendocrine: stress ! hormones travel through the blood and stimulate the release of other hormones
Aging
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1. Neuroscientists believe that the brain can remain relatively healthy and full-functioning as it ages. Severe declines in memory, memory, intelligence, " verbal fluency, fluency, and other tasks reflect disease processes are not a part of normal aging. 2. The effects of age on brain function are subtle and very selective " Do not include widespread cell loss " Progressive mental decline is not an inevitable part of aging 3. Damaged brain cannot respond with a robust generation of new neurons " Relatively small stem cell populations remain in a healthy adult brain But they contribute to only a few of # the many different types of neurons found Physical and mental exercise is viewed as an effective means of slowing the effects of brain aging
Brain Research
Diseases and Disorders
Childhood Disorders
Childhood Disorders
Addiction
Nicotine
Alcohol
Marijuana
Opiates
Psychostimulants
Club Drugs
Degenerative Disorders
Degenerative Disorders
Psychiatric Disorders
Tourette Syndrome
Schizophrenia
PTSD
OCD
Panic Disorder
Injury and Illness
Brain Basics
MCQ Click to see answer
Name 1 benefit of the second messenger system. Click to see answer
Topic 1 - $200 Answer
Amplification, Specifi Amplification, Specificity city,, Compartmentalization
Topic 1 - $300 Question
List 1 lipid neurotransmitters
Click to see answer
Topic 1 - $300 Answer
-Lipids (Anandamide, Prostaglandin)
Topic 1 - $400 Question
What happens to the Na+ and K+ channels during the falling phase? Click to see answer
Topic 1 - $400 Answer
K+: Open Na+: Closed
Topic 1 - $500 Question
What are the 3 germ layers?
Click to see answer
Topic 1 - $500 Answer
Endoderm, Ectoderm and Mesoderm
Topic 2 - $100 Question
What are the 2 photoreceptors and what do they see? Click to see answer
Topic 2 - $100 Answer
Cones: color Rods: black/white (more sensitive to light)
Topic 2 - $200 Question
What is plasticity? Why is it important? Click to see answer
Topic 2 - $200 Answer
Brain’s ability to learn by changing anatomy. This is important so brain can be adaptable.
Topic 2 - $300 Question
What receptor is vital for LTP? Click to see answer
Topic 2 - $300 Answer
NMDA Receptor
Topic 2 - $400 Question
Name an area on the body with high acuity and a low two-point threshold. Click to see answer
Topic 2 - $400 Answer
Hands, lips, tongue
Topic 2 - $500 Question
What is semantic memory?
Click to see answer
Topic 2 - $500 Answer
Semantic (facts and figures)
Topic 3 - $100 Question
True or or false: false: Severe declines in memory, intelligence and verbal fluency are a normal part of aging .
Click to see answer
Topic 3 - $100 Answer
False
Topic 3 - $200 Question
What is viewed as an effective means of slowing the effects of brain aging? Click to see answer
Topic 3 - $200 Answer
Physical and mental exercise
Topic 3 - $300 Question
What are two effects of chronic stress? Click to see answer
Topic 3 - $300 Answer
Appetite, Hypertension: high blood pressure, Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries), abdominal obesity, impaired neuron function in hippocampus
Topic 3 - $400 Question
What neurotransmitter is released by the nervous system in response to stress? Click to see answer
Topic 3 - $400 Answer
Epinephrine by the Sympathetic Nervous System
Topic 3 - $500 Question
What is the name of the cells that can become new neurons? Click to see answer
Topic 3 - $500 Answer
Stem Cells
Topic 4 - $100 Question
Name a symptom of schizophrenia
Click to see answer
Topic 4 - $100 Answer
Hallucinations, delusions, confused thinking, inability to experience pleasure, lack of emotion
Topic 4 - $200 Question
True or False: TMS is currently being used as a possible treatment for depression. Click to see answer
Topic 4 - $200 Answer
True
Topic 4 - $300 Question
What is the genetic mutation associated with Down’s syndrome? Click to see answer
Topic 4 - $300 Answer
Genetic Cause: Extra copy of chromosome 21
Topic 4 - $400 Question
What neurotransmitter is associated associa ted with Parkinso arkinson’ n’ss Disease? Click to see answer
Topic 4 - $400 Answer
Dopamine
Topic 4 - $500 Question
What neurotransmitter is associated with ALS? Click to see answer
Topic 4 - $500 Answer
Glutamate (excess of it)
Topic 5 - $200 Question
What is used as a treatment for bipolar disorder? Click to see answer
Topic 5 - $200 Answer
Lithium Or anti-convulsants like valproate
Topic 5 - $300 Question
What does MRI stand for?
Click to see answer
Topic 5 - $300 Answer
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Topic 5 - $400 Question
MS is associated with the degeneration of what? Click to see answer
Topic 5 - $400 Answer
Myelin Sheath
Topic 5 - $500 Question
What is a common treatment for ADHD? Click to see answer
Topic 5 - $500 Answer
Behavioral therapy, stimulants
QUESTIONS? FOLLOW US @brainbee_uk https://www.facebook.com/britishbrainbee #BuzzForBrainBee
EMAIL US
[email protected]
