1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Background
Production Production of solid waste will will never have have an end. And it will continue continue to pose as a challenge from generation to generation. Some of the impacts of solid waste are immediate, others are long term. And these are the reasons why solid waste should be properly and well managed – on a dayday-to to day day basi basis, s, foll follow owin ing g a prog progra ram m anch anchor ored ed on the the principles of sustainable development. The concentration of population in the urban areas has made solid waste management management more more challenging. challenging. There is the issue of inequity inequity in the delivery of collection services particularly to the marginalized groups of society partly due to the inaccessibility of their informal settl settlem emen entt area areas. s. Ther There e is also also the the acce accele lera rate ted d dimin diminis ishin hing g of disposal space due to the large amount of solid waste generated daily and and the the low low leve levell of recy recycl clin ing g acti activi viti ties es consi consider dering ing the the extr extrem eme e difficulty in securing land areas that should be developed into sanitary landfills. landfills. And there there is the common problem problem of inadequate inadequate financial financial resources to fund all the solid waste management requirements. The visible results results may be dirty streets, the use of vacant lots as disposal disposal areas, unsanitary living areas, clogged waterways exacerbating the occurrence of flood, and unsightly surroundings. The Municipality of Pavia is not exempt from the negative impacts of large amount of solid waste generated daily some of which include the accelerated use of the remaining spaces of the only final disposal area area of the the city; city; indi indisc scri rimi mina nate te disp dispos osal al into into the the water waterwa ways ys worsening the occurrence of flood. The Iloilo Flood Control Project implemented by the Department of Public Works and Highways has included Solid Waste Management as a component in which the Pilot Project on Community-based Solid Waste Manageme Management nt (CBSWM) is a part. part. The objective objective of the CBSWM CBSWM is to demonstrate the doability of a community-based approach of organizing and implementing solid waste management based on RA 9003 and with bias on preventing the use of canals, drainage sytems, esteros/creeks and rivers as disposal areas. Thus, six project sites, three from Iloilo City and another three from the Municipality of Pavia, were selected as pilot sites sites for the implementation of CBSWM. These barangys have been selected based on set criteria agreed on by the barangay barangay officials officials of the twenty-nine twenty-nine candidat candidate e barangays. barangays. One of these six project sites is the Aganan River Improvement under which is the Barangay Ungka I. 1.2 Scope of the SWM Program
Speci Specifi fica cally lly,, the CBSWM CBSWM is aime aimed d at comply complyin ing g with with the basic basic requirement of RA 9003 through different components and strategies 1
such as segregation at source, separate collection, installation and operati operation on of a materi materials als recove recovery ry facili facility, ty, inform informati ation on and public public educa educati tion on,, capa capabi bilit lity y buildi building ng oppor opportun tunit itie ies s for for the the comm commun unity ity leaders, leaders, and monitoring monitoring system with the barangay barangay taking taking the lead in the plannin planning g and implemen implementat tation. ion. The CBSWM CBSWM shall shall ensure ensure that waste waste segrega segregatio tion n and recycl recycling ing are not substitu substitutes tes to cleanl cleanline iness ss beca becaus use e that that prim primar ary y func functi tion on of the the soli solid d wast waste e mana manage geme ment nt program that will be put in place is to rid the barangay with solid wast waste e and and avoi avoid d the the indis indiscr crim imina inate te dispo disposa sall of such such into into stre street ets, s, vaca vacant nt lots lots and and wate waterw rway ays, s, there thereby by avoi avoidin ding g contr contribu ibutin ting g to the the periodic flooding of the Municipality of Pavia. 1.3 Approach
With With offi offici cial al deve develo lopm pmen entt assi assist stan ance ce from from the the Japa Japan n Bank Bank for for Inte Intern rnat ation ional al Coope Coopera ratio tion, n, the Depa Depart rtme ment nt of Publi Public c Work Works s and and Highwa Highways ys implem implement ents s the Iloilo Iloilo Flood Flood Contro Controll Projec Projectt in which which the Solid Waste Management Project is a component including a pilot study study on the commun community ity-ba -based sed solid solid waste waste manage managemen mentt (CBSWM) (CBSWM) along the riverside. As the impl implem emen enti ting ng agen agency cy,, the the DPWH DPWH throug through h its its Consu Consult ltan ants ts ensures the participation of the different stakeholders in the different levels levels of the plannin planning g and impleme implementa ntatio tion n of the CBSWM CBSWM Projec Project. t. Foremost is the early recognition of and claim to the ownership of the project project by the barangay barangay officials, officials, thus, taking taking the lead not only in the planning stage but in the implementation of the formulated barangay solid waste management program. The preparation of the CBSWM Program shall make use of secondary data already available with the Municipal Environment and Natural Resour Resources ces Office Office (MENRO (MENRO), ), Municip Municipal al Planni Planning ng and Develo Developme pment nt Office (MPDO), Municipal Assessor’s Office and the Iloilo Flood Control Project Project Office. Primary Primary data shall be generated generated through through survey such as Know Knowle ledg dge, e, Atti Attitu tude de and and Perc Percep epti tion on Surv Survey ey (KAP (KAPS) S).. Key Key info inform rman ants ts shal shalll be inte interv rvie iewe wed d and and ocul ocular ar insp inspec ecti tion on shal shalll be condu conduct cted ed.. All All thes these e info inform rmat ation ion shall shall be used used as basis basis for the collective appreciation of the existing conditions and challenges that may be used as references in the formulation of the shared vision and program of the barangay. In addition to the duly elected officials, recognized leaders of the barangay shall be encouraged to participate as members of the core group. Structured learning experiences will be provided to increase capabilities in managing and supervising the project. To be able for the rest rest of barang barangay ay offici officials als in the Municipa Municipality lity of Pavia to learn the most from the lessons in the implementation of the Bara Barang ngay ay Soli Solid d Wast Waste e Mana Manage geme ment nt Prog Progra ram m of the the thre three e pilo pilott barang barangays ays,, proces process s docume documenta ntatio tion n of activi activitie ties s and result results s will be conducted. 2
2.0 PLANNING AREA: ABOUT BARANGAY UNGKA I
2.1 Background Ungk Ungka a 1 was was once once part part of Ungk Ungka a 2, Bala Balaba bag, g, and and Agana Aganan. n. Its Its independence was during the time of Punong Barangay Leonardo G. Java, where separation was made through a public hearing. Its name, according to one source, came from the word “SUNGKA” which is a name of a game. Other source said that it came from the word “DUNGKA” meaning a start. Bara Baranga ngay y Ungk Ungka a I is one one of the 18 bara baranga ngays ys comp compri risin sing g the the Municipality of Pavia. It is composed of six (6) zones with an area of 112 square hectares. Figure 1. Location Map of Barangay Ungka I
2.2 Geography/Land Area Barangay Ungka I is generally plain. It has a total land area of one hundred twelve (112) square hectares. It is bounded from the north by Barangay Aganan, from the south by Barangay Ungka II, from the east by Barangay Anilao and the Aganan River and from the west by
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Barangay Aganan. It is situated nine (9) kilometers from the City of Iloilo. Figure 2. 2. Map of of Barangay Ungka I
2.3 Population Barangay Ungka I has a total population of 2,385 based on the 2007 NSO survey. The barangay has reported to have 530 total number of households as of August 2008. The average household size is 5. 2.3.1 Projected Population Based on the 2008 record, population is expected to increase in ten years time from 2,555 to 2,883 in 2017. Table 1. Tabulated Projected Population of Barangay Bakhaw Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Pop
2,55 5
2,58 9
2,62 4
2,66 0
2,69 6
2,73 2
2,76 9
2,80 6
2,84 4
2,883
*Projected Population was computed with a growth rate of 1.35 for Region VI based on the NSO 2007 Census report.
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2.4 2.4
Soci Socioo-Ec Econ onom omic ic Condi onditi tion on
The The majo majorr sourc sources es of livel livelih ihoo ood d in Bara Baranga ngay y Ungk Ungka a I incl includ ude e the the operation of sari-sari stores, lending corporations and hollow block manufa manufactur cturing ing and employ employmen mentt with the govern government ment and private private institutions, others being merchants, vendors, laborers and drivers. Below is the list of commercial establishments in Barangay Ungka I as of the year 2002. Table 3. Commercial Commercial Establishmen Establishments ts Type of Commercial Establishment Construction Services Distributor Eatery General Merchant Hamburger Chain Hollow Blocks Industry Gases Factory Internet Café Lamination Services Lending Services Sari-sari Stores Steel Works
Type of Trade
Services Wholesale Retail Retail Retail Retail Wholesale Services Services Services Retail Services
Number of Establishment 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 17 2
*Based on the Municipality of Pavia 2002 CLUP
3.0
PRESENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3.1 Present Waste Generation, Composition and Waste Density The basis for the estimation of the waste generation of Barangay Ungka I is the result of the Waste Amount and Characterization Survey (WACS) of Iloilo City conducted on August 28 – September 4, 2003. The estimated generation per person per day is 0.726 kgs. Thus, for 2008, the total waste generation of Barangay Ungka I per day is 1,855 kgs or 1.84 metric tons. The solid waste of Barangay Ungka I is classified into 10 types namely: namely: kitchen kitchen waste, grass/wood, plastic, plastic, paper, paper, ceramic/sto ceramic/stone, ne, glass. glass. Leathe Leather/r r/rubbe ubber, r, metal, metal, textil textile e and others others.. Biodeg Biodegrad radabl able e waste waste compo compose sed d of kitc kitche hen n waste waste and and gras grass/w s/wood ood repr represe esent nt 48.2 48.29% 9% while while the the trad traditi ition onal al recy recycl clab able le mate materi rial als s comp compri rises ses 22.89% (plastic, paper, glass and metal). This waste composition was based on the waste composition survey of IFCP DPWH in 1999.
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Fig. 3. Composition of the Solid Waste of Brgy. Ungka I
Types of Waste: Biod Biodeg egra rabl blee - 48.2 48.29 9% Recyclable - 21.89 % Residual - 28.80 %
3.2 3.2
Stora Storage ge Devi Device ces s and and Segr Segreg egat ation ion at Sour Source ce
More More respond respondent ents s (43.9% (43.9%)) use sack sack as their their storag storage e contai container ner for their their garbag garbage, e, 35.5% 35.5% used used plastic plastic shopping shopping bags bags and 19.7% 19.7% used used plastic bin while the rests used garbage bag, drum, carton box and 4.4% used used other storage storage bins. bins. Figure 4 shows shows the storage storage bins used by the residents of Barangay Ungka I based on the August 2008 KAPS. Figure 4. SWM Containers
Percentage
According to the August 2008 KAP Survey, 84% of the residents of Barangay Ungka I segregate their waste in which only 2% practice proper waste segregation (biodegradable, recyclable and residual). 3.3
Collection System
Only Only resid residen ents ts along alongsid side e the the Prov Provin inci cial al Highw Highway ay avai availl garb garbag age e collec collection tion servic service e on Mondays Mondays,, Wednes Wednesday days, s, Friday Fridays s and Sundays Sundays around 7:00 – 8:00 am. The collection equipment used is an open
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dump truck with a volume capacity of 4 tons. The average size of collection crew is 2 including the driver. Hous Househ ehol olds ds do not not pay pay for for coll collec ecti tion on serv servic ices es prov provid ided ed by the the Municipality. Municipality. Neither Neither does the baranga barangay y charge any any fee. However, However, some households pay minimal amounts to collectors since some of them them are are only only volu volunte nteer er worke workers rs rely relyin ing g on whate whateve verr recy recycl clab able le materials they can recover. 3.4
Disposal System
There is only one final disposal disposal facility in Pavia, the open dumpsite in Barangay Pandac, Pavia. This dumpsite is originally 1,240 sq. m. but became 1,500 sq. m. following the rehabilitation done after typhoon “Frank”. As of January January 2009, 2009, the dumpsite can still accommodate up to 1,500 cubic meters meters or is still still usable up to June June 2010. 2010. This is also the maximum time allowed by the DENR-EMB. After which, the dump site should should be closed. closed. The LGU has alread already y identifie identified d a site site for its sanitary landfill at Purok I in Barangay Tigum. 3.5
Street Sweeping
The streets, sidewalks, curbsides and vacant lots in the barangay are relati relativel vely y clean. clean. Street Street sweeping sweeping is regularly regularly done on the streets streets every Saturday at 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. led by the barangay officials, BHWs and barangay tanods. 3.6
Recycling and Ju Junskshop hops
There are currently 5 junkshops operating within the barangay. There are more or less 5 informal primary collectors that go around the barangay collecting recyclable materials from households. Most of the materi materials als collecte collected d are bottles bottles,, plasti plastic c and metals. metals. The materia materials ls collected are taken to the bigger junkshops in nearby barangays and in Sta. Barbara, Iloilo. 3.7 3.7
Soli Solid d Wast Waste e Man Manag agem emen entt Org Organ aniz izat atio ion n
3.7.1 Barangay Committee on Environment Management Management A bara baranga ngay y is requi require red d by the Depa Depart rtme ment nt of Inte Interi rior or and and Loca Locall Gove Govern rnme ment nt to const constit itute ute at leas leastt 7 comm committ ittee ees, s, each each bara baranga ngay y officia officiall chairi chairing ng at least least two. The closest closest committe committee e that is tasked tasked with solid waste management or cleanliness of the barangay is the Committee on Environment Management 3.7.2 Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) 7
The Constitution of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Management Committee is require ired by RA 9003 whic hich was was reiterated by DILG in its its Memora Memorandum ndum Circul Circular ar to the LGUs in April 2001. 2001. The Solid Solid Waste Management Committee of Barangay Ungka 1 was created on July 20, 2008 2008 thro throug ugh h Reso Resolu luti tion on 21, 21, Seri Series es of 2008 2008.. The The BSWM BSWMC C was was constituted early on because the committee, as mandated by law, should should prepare prepare the Baranga Barangay y Solid Solid Waste Managem Management ent Progra Program. m. The Committee is Headed by the Barangay Chairman (Hon. Merian Catacata) Catacata) and vice-chair vice-chaired ed by Barangay Barangay Kagawad Phoebe Panes and it has the following members: 1. Hon. Fausto Villavicencio
2. Hon. Maricel Gumban 3. Hon. Candy Pearl Celiz 4. Mr. Reny Hubag 5. Mrs. Rosana Palma 6. Mr. Edgardo Guaro 7. Mr. Abner Palma
8. Mr. Edgar Franje 9. Mr. Rodolfo Jalique
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- Barangay Kagawad - Barangay Kagawad - SK Chairperson - School Principal, AgananUngka Elementary School - Teacher, Aganan-Ungka Elementary School - Religious Sector - NGO Representative - Pollution Control Officer, Pryce Gas, Inc. Business Community Representative
The Barangay Barangay Solid Waste Management Management Committee Committee has the following responsibilities: 1. Formula Formulate te the Barangay Barangay Solid Solid Waste Waste Managem Management ent Progra Program m consistent with the city/municipal SWM plan; 2. Segreg Segregate ate/co /collec llectt biodegr biodegrada adable, ble, compost compostabl able e and reusab reusable le waste; 3. Establ Establish ish materi materials als recove recovery ry facilit facility; y; 4. Allocate Allocate baranga barangay y funds and look look for sources of funds; funds; 5. Organi Organize ze core core coordi coordinat nators ors;; and 6. Submit monthly report to the city/municipality. 3.7.3 Core Group Members and Street Leaders Leaders The organization of the Core Group is also mandated by RA 9003. The Core Group was organized on September 2008 and reorganized on Octo Octobe berr 11, 11, 2008 2008 as a resu result lt of thei theirr bein being g chos chosen en as pilo pilott barangay in community-based solid waste management program of the Iloilo Flood Flood Control Control Project. Each core group group member serves serves as the str street/zone coor oordin dinator tors where they live ive to facilit litate
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communi communicat cation ion dissemi disseminat nation ion in their their respec respectiv tive e street street/zo /zone. ne. The following is a list of the core coordinators in Barangay Ungka 1: Zone/ Street
Zone 1
Zone Leaders
Sonny Maypa Jonel Maypa Richard Pastolero
Zone 2
Mark Catacata Matilde Pico Geneva Lucero
Zone 3
Remus Mana-ay Lina Villarosa Milagros Amoroso
Zone 4
Rowena Cabayao Yolanda Bugna Hazel Cabayao
Zone 5
Rodolfo Jalique Lorena Cabrera Jean Destacamento
Zone 6
Dolores Jalbuna Loida Jalbuna Jergen Jalbuna
3.7.4 Technical Working Group Group (TWG) The The orga organi niza zati tion on of the the TWG TWG crea create ted d on Sept Septem embe berr 2008 2008 and and reor reorga gani nize zed d on Octob ctober er 11, 2008. 08. It will will be comp compos osed ed of six six committees headed by an Executive Director. The six committees are the Collection Committee, MRF Committee, Composting Committee, IEC Commit Committee tee,, Enforc Enforceme ement nt and Mainte Maintenan nance ce Commit Committee tee and the Livelihood Committee. Each committee will have a chairman and one member for each zone. The figure below shows the TWG of Barangay Ungka I.
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Figure __. Technical Working Group of Barangay Ungka I
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3.8 Barangay Budget Budget for Solid Waste Management Barangay Ungka I does not have a documented Barangay Solid Waste Management Program. As such, it does not have a budget specifically specifically allocated to solid waste management. In the 2009 Annual Budget, the bara baranga ngay y appr appropr opria iate ted d in thei theirr Bara Baranga ngay y Deve Develop lopme ment nt Fund Fund the the support to environmental projects for the implementation of the SWM program.
Year
2008
2009
Personnel Services
714,371.05
762,619.14
Maintenance and Other Miscellaneous
200,724.00
222,585.01 25,000.00
Capital Outlay Non-Office Expenses
Election Reserves
Barangay Development Fund
3,000.00 190,931.40
Support to Environmental Projects •
SK Fund
Budget Reserve
216,678.20 (15,000.00)
130.473.70 65,236.85
144,339.10 72,169.55
1,304 304,737.0 7.00
1,443,39 3,391 1.00
Solid Waste Management Budget Total Barangay Budget
3.8 Barangay Budget Budget for Solid Waste Management Barangay Ungka I does not have a documented Barangay Solid Waste Management Program. As such, it does not have a budget specifically specifically allocated to solid waste management. In the 2009 Annual Budget, the bara baranga ngay y appr appropr opria iate ted d in thei theirr Bara Baranga ngay y Deve Develop lopme ment nt Fund Fund the the support to environmental projects for the implementation of the SWM program.
Year
2008
2009
Personnel Services
714,371.05
762,619.14
Maintenance and Other Miscellaneous
200,724.00
222,585.01 25,000.00
Capital Outlay Non-Office Expenses
Election Reserves
Barangay Development Fund
3,000.00 190,931.40
Support to Environmental Projects •
SK Fund
Budget Reserve
216,678.20 (15,000.00)
130.473.70 65,236.85
144,339.10 72,169.55
1,304 304,737.0 7.00
1,443,39 3,391 1.00
Solid Waste Management Budget Total Barangay Budget
3.9 Barangay Legislations Legislations on Solid Waste Management Prior to the passage of the Republic Act 9003, not a single ordinance on soli solid d wast waste e mana manage geme ment nt was was pass passed ed and and impl implem emen ente ted d by Barangay Ungka I. 3.10 3.1 0 Soli Solid d Was Waste te Man Manage agemen mentt Con Concer cerns ns and Iss Issues ues Base sed d on the su surrveys conduc ucte ted, d, insp spe ections of the area, consultations and workshops conducted in the barangay, the following concerns and issues have been identified: a. The Th e cree creeks ks and and ca cana nals ls ha have bec becom ome e sta stagn gna ant pa part rtia iall lly y due due to garbage dumped; b. The greater majority of the households, 69%, do not segregate their wastes; c. Some people bur urn n their garbage cau causi sin ng air poll pollu ution and and violating the requirement of Clea Clean n Air Act and the IRR of RA 9003; d. Abse Ab senc nce e of an an appr approp opri riat ate e coll collec ecti tion on ser servi vice ces s for for segr segreg egat ated ed wastes.
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4.0 WASTE AMOUNT FORECAST
The The resul esultt of the the wast waste e amoun mountt and cha charac racteri teriz zatio ation n surv survey ey estab establis lishe hed d the the basi basis s for for proj projec ecti ting ng the the amoun amountt of wast waste e in the the following years. The waste amount forecast is based on the increase of population and the increase of 1.5 % yearly of the generation rate per capita capita.. As of 2008, 2008, Baranga Barangay y Ungka I produced produced 1,855 1,855 kgs. of garbage per day and expected to increase to 2,393 kgs. in 2017. Table 6. Projected Waste Generation
Year
Population
2008 2009
2,555 2,589 2,624 2,660 2,696 2,732 2,769 2,806 2,844 2,883
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Waste Generation Per Person Per day (kgs) 0.726
Projected Waste Generation (kgs)
0.737 0.748 0.759 0.771 0.782 0.794 0.806 0.818 0.83
1,855 1,908 1,963 2,019 2,078 2,137 2,199 2,262 2,327 2,393
5.0 The BARANGAY ECOLOGICAL SWM PROGRAM
5.1 Vision Barangay Ungka I, being chosen as one of the pilot barangays in the impleme implementa ntatio tion n of the communi communityty-bas based ed solid solid waste waste manage managemen mentt program as mandated by the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 2000 aims aims to have have a comp compre rehe hensi nsive ve solid solid waste waste mana manage geme ment nt syste system m that that is flex flexibl ible, e, susta sustain inab able le,, coor coordin dinat ated ed and and buil builtt on a foundation of sound environment principles and be one of the model barangays in the whole world. 5.2 Mission To implement the Republic Act 9003 also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.
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5.3 Objectives The objectives and targets of the SWM Program of Barangay Ungka I are very much consistent with those that are prescribed by RA 9003. They are as follows: 1. To create create a funct function ional al and activ active e BSWMC; BSWMC; 2. Promote and practice segregation at source in every household
of the barangay; 3. To implement implement separate separate collectio collection n in a regular regular schedule; schedule; 4. To establis establish h and and operate operate a materials materials recovery recovery facility facility (MRF); 5. To be able able to have have income income generati generating ng project project from from the MRF; MRF; 6. Promote backyard composti sting to at least 90% of the households of the barangay; 7. To designat designate e proper proper place place for the specia speciall waste; waste; 8. To adopt adopt and implement implement strictly strictly Municipal Municipal Ordinance Ordinance No. 2006-02; 9. Increase Increase level level of awareness awareness of residen residents ts on and particip participation ation in waste waste segreg segregati ation on at source source through through massive massive inform informati ation on and education campaign; 10.Mee 10.Meett dive divers rsion ion targ target et of 27% 27% in 2008 2008 and and the the manda mandato tory ry diversion goal of 28% in 2009. 5.4 Ten Year Solid Waste Diversion Target The ten year solid waste diversion target of the SWM Program of Barangay Barangay Ungka Ungka I is computed computed against against the project projected ed quantiti quantities es for for recycling and disposal. It is reflected on Table 7.
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Table7. Projected Solid Waste Waste Quantities For Recycling and Disposal Disposal for Barangay Ungka Ungka I
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Population
2,555
2,589
2,624
2,660
2,696
2,732
2,769
2,806
2,844
2,883
Waste aste Gener enerat atio ion n per capita per person per day
0.726
0.737
0.748
0.759
0.771
0.782
0.794
0.806
0.818
0.83
Waste Generation (tons/day)
1,855
1,908
1,963
2,019
2,078
2,137
2,199
2,262
2,327
2,393
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Total Total Diverted Diverted Solid Waste (tons/day)
500.85
534.24
569.27
605.7
644.18
683.84
725.67
769.08
814.45
861.48
SW for for Disp Dispos osal al (to (tons ns/d /day ay))
1,35 1,354. 4.15 15
1,373.7 6
1,393.7 3
1,413.3 0
1,433.8 2
1,453.1 6
1,473.3 3
1,492.9 2
1,512.5 5
1,531.5 2
Target % Diversion
of
Waste
2015
2016
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5.5
Strate Strategies gies and Compone Components nts of the Barang Barangay ay Ecologic Ecological al SWM Program
5.5.1 Recycling
The heart of the ecological solid waste management system is waste redu reduct ctio ion n towa toward rds s achi achiev evin ing g sust sustai aina nabl ble e deve develo lopm pmen entt with withou outt sacrificing cleanliness and health and sanitation. Waste reduction can be achieved through source reduction, composting and recycling. As defined by law, recycling is the process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products or used as raw materials for the product production ion of other other goods. goods. As such, such, recycl recycling ing requir requires es facil facilitie ities s to condu conduct ct the the proc process esses es,, i.e. i.e. As a proc proces ess, s, there there are are thre three e steps steps involved in recycling, namely, segregation at source, collection and manufacturing. 5.5.2 Source Segregation is the first first step step in recycling recycling.. This step step is mandated by RA 9003. It is the practice of separating the different mate materi rial als s foun found d in soli solid d wast waste, e, each each type type plac placed ed in a sepa separa rate te container that is properly marked or identified. The materials that that will requ requir ire e sepa separa rate te stora storage ge are: are: biode biodegr grad adab able le waste waste,, recy recycl clab able le mate materi rial als, s, resid residua uall waste waste and spec specia iall waste waste and bulk bulk waste waste.. By segregating at source, contamination of the recyclable materials by the biodegr biodegrada adable ble waste waste and/or and/or special special waste waste is avoide avoided d thereb thereby y
2017
5.5
Strate Strategies gies and Compone Components nts of the Barang Barangay ay Ecologic Ecological al SWM Program
5.5.1 Recycling
The heart of the ecological solid waste management system is waste redu reduct ctio ion n towa toward rds s achi achiev evin ing g sust sustai aina nabl ble e deve develo lopm pmen entt with withou outt sacrificing cleanliness and health and sanitation. Waste reduction can be achieved through source reduction, composting and recycling. As defined by law, recycling is the process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products or used as raw materials for the product production ion of other other goods. goods. As such, such, recycl recycling ing requir requires es facil facilitie ities s to condu conduct ct the the proc process esses es,, i.e. i.e. As a proc proces ess, s, there there are are thre three e steps steps involved in recycling, namely, segregation at source, collection and manufacturing. 5.5.2 Source Segregation is the first first step step in recycling recycling.. This step step is mandated by RA 9003. It is the practice of separating the different mate materi rial als s foun found d in soli solid d wast waste, e, each each type type plac placed ed in a sepa separa rate te container that is properly marked or identified. The materials that that will requ requir ire e sepa separa rate te stora storage ge are: are: biode biodegr grad adab able le waste waste,, recy recycl clab able le mate materi rial als, s, resid residua uall waste waste and spec specia iall waste waste and bulk bulk waste waste.. By segregating at source, contamination of the recyclable materials by the biodegr biodegrada adable ble waste waste and/or and/or special special waste waste is avoide avoided d thereb thereby y preserving the value value of the recyclable materials. Further, segregating at source source facilit facilitate ates s recove recovery ry of the recycl recyclabl able e materi materials als that that will subsequently be processed in the factories and the biodegradable waste in the composting facility.
The The Bara Barang ngay ay Ungk Ungka a I Soli Solid d Wast Waste e Mana Manage geme ment nt Prog Progra ram m will will imple impleme ment nt sourc source e segr segreg egat atio ion n of the the ident identif ifie ied d mate materi rial als s using using storage storage devices such as plastic bags, sack, carton boxes, or bins that are lined with with plastic bags. bags. Bulk waste waste will be stored stored in a corner in the house, or bodega or in the yard for a special collection schedule. 5.5.3 Collection is the second step in recycling, and as mandated by the law, the collection collection of the different different types types of solid waste shall shall also be collected separately through separate schedules.
The collection of recyclable materials shall be conducted by primary colle collect ctor ors s with with the the use use of hired hired trisikad collected trisikad or tricycle. tricycle. The collected mate materi rial als s shal shalll be take taken n to the the Mate Materi rial als s Reco Recove very ry Faci Facili lity ty for for intermediate processing. Biodegradable waste that shall not be covered by the composting activity in the household level shall be collected by the barangay and be processed processed in the composting composting facility facility near the MRF. Residual Residual and special special wastes shall shall also be collected collected by the LGU. LGU. The collection collection of bulk wastes shall be specially arranged with the LGU. 15
The third step in recycling is man manufa ufacturing. ng. It is at the the manufacturing level that the solid waste materials are transformed into new products ready for distribution. 5.5.4 Materials Recovery Facility RA 9003 9003 (Sec (Secti tion on 32) 32) requ requir ires es the the esta establ blish ishme ment nt of a Mate Materi rial als s Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays in a barang barangayay-owne owned d or leased leased land or any suitable suitable open space space to be determined through its Sanggunian. MRF accordin ding to the Handboo book on Eco Ecologica ical Solid Waste ste Management Act and its IRR, includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop off center, a composting facility and a recycling facility. Thus, MRFs (RA 9003-Section 33) should be designed to receive, sort, process process and store compostable and recyclable recyclable materials materials efficiently efficiently with with due due consi conside dera rati tion on to safe safe and and effi effici cien entt exte extern rnal al acce access ss and and internal flow. A single MFR building may accommodate both composting and the processing of dry recyclable items. However, it may also be dedicated to composting alone or processing of dry recyclable materials alone such as plastics, metals, paper, glass and others. In the the case case of a MRF MRF dedic dedicat ated ed to comp compost ostin ing, g, an Envir Environm onmen enta tall Clearance Certificate is required if the amount of materials processed is 15 tons per day or equivalent to 10,000 bags of compost product at 50 kilograms per bag. The Barangay Ungka I established their MRF on August 2008. Located at the GMAC compound, the facility is made of temporary materials with a floor area of 7.41 sq.m and volume area of 14 cu.m. The The Bara Baranga ngay y Ungk Ungka a I MRF MRF shall shall be dedi dedica cate ted d to dry dry recy recycl clab able le materials only. The staff that will be responsible for the day-to-day operations of the MRF shall be determined by the Barangay SWM Committee and the Core Group. Basically, the flow of activities in the MRF is as follows: Figure 4. Basic Flow of Activities in the MRF Unloading of recyclable materials
Sorting and
Weighing,
Packing /type
Recording
Selling and book keeping
trisikad or tricycle tricycle on the The primary primary collect collector or unloads unloads from from the trisikad designated designated area in the MRF the materials materials collected from his assigned assigned route. With the help of the assigned assigned sorters, the materials materials are sorted 16
according to type, i.e old newspaper, brown carton, white paper or mixed paper; pet plastics, hard plastics, assorted plastic; aluminum cans, scrap iron, etc., then packed packed or baled. baled. When the the MRF MRF is full, full, sell sellin ing g is read ready. y. The The moni monito tore red d buyi buying ng pric prices es of the the diff differ eren entt junkshops or consolidators should be referred to for the best prices. Reco Record rdin ing g and and bookk bookkee eepi ping ng is requ requir ired ed in the MRF. MRF. Prior Prior to the implementation of the system, it is required that how the sales be handled or kept should be agreed on. Each household will be provided with an eco-savers passbook where sold dry recyclable materials to the MRF will be recorded. Withdrawal of the the deposited amount will be made made as need needed ed by the the pass passbo book ok hold holder ers s or as agre agreed ed by the the members of the club. 5.5.5 Composting To ensure sustainability sustainability of the practice, practice, low technology and low- cost compost composting ing shall shall be introdu introduced ced in the baranga barangay. y. This means means that that mechanized composting that will entail operations and maintenance costs shall not be a priority. Backyard composting shall be promoted conside considering ring that that a large large number of residenc residences es have backya backyards rds.. A community-ba community-based sed composting composting shall also be tried tried if there is available available space in the the barangay. Compost products will be used as garden soil enhance enhancers rs of the orname ornamenta ntall plants plants of the barang barangay. ay. If quality quality is ensured, the compost product may also be used as soil enhancer of vegetable gardens leading to organic urban vegetable farming. The amount of biodegradable waste that will be composted will be qua quantif ntifie ied d to form orm part part of the the div diversi ersion on rate achie chiev ved by the the barangay. 5.5.6 Final Disposal All All resid residua uall and and some some biode biodegr grad adab able le wast wastes es colle collect cted ed from from the the barangay barangay will be transported transported directly directly to the Pandac Pandac Dumpsite. It is a 1,500 sq. m open dump site located in Barangay Pandac, Pavia.
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Figure 5. Flow of Source-Segreg Source-Segregated ated Waste in the Barangay Barangay Types of
waste
HH storage device
Recyclable Materials
Collection
Immediate Destination
Final Destination
Pushcart Trisikad
MRF
Factory: Manila, Cebu
Consolidator
Plastic bags Biodegrada ble Waste
Plastic Bins
LGU truck
Backyard Composting Facility (DS)
Gardens
LGU truck
CDF or SLF
SLF
Sacks Can
Residual Waste
Carton box
5.5.7 Information Dissemination and Public Education In order that the residents and the establishments in the area will understand understand why they should should and how how they would would participate participate in the the program would require information dissemination and education. Information Information Dissemination Dissemination and public education education shall be a continuing continuing proc proces ess. s. The The mess messag age e and timi timing ng of diss dissem emin inat atio ion n sha shall be appropriate for the project activity for the period. Following matrix shows the information and education (IEC) plan of the Solid Waste Management Program of Barangay Ungka I.
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Table 8. IEC Plan of the SWM Program of Barangay Ungka I Message
Media
Remarks
Provisions of RA 9003 (Idol Ko Si Kap)
Power Point Disseminated prior Presentatio Presentation; n; printed printed the implementation of material the new collection system Various aspects of RA Flyers During formal entry in 9003 and the project the barangay to Manila Paper Poster introduce the project The The Bara Barang nga ay SWM SWM Two Two-f -fol old d flyer lyer Launch unchin ing g of the the Program program Waste Generation and Poster Composition Printed on one page of the project introduction flyer. Materials that can be Poster recycl recycled ed (pictur (pictures es of recyclable materials) One page flyer This household / esta establ blis ishm hmen entt is RA Sticker 9003 compliant
Orga Organi niza zati tion on of Eco-savers Clubs
Updates
the the Passbook
Peryodikit
Feed Feedba back ck abou aboutt the the One page flyer project
Distributed to Households on the first day of collection of recyclable materials. Posted in the MRF at the start of operation Distributed to households and establishments To be posted on establishments or houses upon compliance with segregation at source and cleanliness of surroundings. The passbook which is similar to a bank book contains the record of recyclable materials; issued upon membership; To be posted at the barangay hall. Market, plaza and other areas where people converge. Flyer (feedback) should be disseminated quarterly.
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5.5.8 Capability Building Building and Support Activities The implementation of RA 9003 is by large a devolved function to bara ba ranga ngays ys.. As su such ch,, ena enabl bling ing activi activiti ties es ar are e fo focu cuse sed d to le lear arni ning ng opportunities that are aimed at empowering the community leaders namely, barangay officials, members of the solid waste management committee, core group members, street leaders, primary collectors and LGU collectors: Furthe Furt her, r, si sinc nce e th this is sp spec ecif ific ic pr prog ogra ram m is a pi pilo lott pr proj ojec ectt ai aime med d at prov pr ovid idin ing g th the e ne nece cess ssar ary y ex expe peri rien ence ce an and d le less sson ons s fo forr po poss ssib ible le replication, the assigned personnel of the General Services Office and the City Environment and Natural Resources Office are provided other learning opportunities on the project management level. Such learning opportunities include the following:
Taking the lead in the selection process of the pilot barangays; Participation in the conduct of the following surverys: - Waste Amount and Characterization Characterization Survey (WACS); - Knowledge, Attitude, Perception Survey; - Junkshop Survey;
Orientation on the basics of ecological solid waste management particularly on the requirements of RA 9003;
Collective appreciation Collective appreciation of the state of the art of solid waste management of Iloilo City;
Planning Workshops in the preparation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program;
Planning Plannin g act activi ivitie ties s on the pre prepar parati ation on of wor work k and fin financ ancial ial programs;
Participation in public hearing;
Preparation of different IEC materials;
Preparation of the guidelines and orientation on the operation and management of the MRF;
Orientation on the route plans and collection systems for the primary collectors and LGU collectors;
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Learning by doing in the conduct of meetings, preparation of agen ag enda da an and d mi minu nute tes s of me meet etin ings gs,, re reco cord rdin ing g of ac acti tivi viti ties es,, documentation and reporting..
5.5.9 Monitoring and Evaluation
By monitoring it is known whether activities are implemented as they should and results are are evaluated evaluated accordingly. The result of evaluation will provide the information as to whether the expected results are achi achiev eved ed or not, not, thus thus,, prov provid ides es inte intell llig igen entt basi basis s for for nece necess ssar ary y improvement. 5.5.10 Level of Cleanliness
Cleanl Clea nlin ines ess s of a gi give ven n ar area ea is th the e pr prim imar ary y fu func ncti tion on of ga garb rbag age e collection. But there are are other factors factors that affect affect level of cleanliness. It is the result of various interventions such as adequate and efficient garb ga rbag age e co coll llec ecti tion on sy syst stem em,, pu publ blic ic ed educ ucat atio ion n an and d in info form rmat atio ion n dis di sse sem minatio ion n, and enfor orc cement nt,, comple lem ment nte ed by publ bliic part pa rtic icip ipat atio ion. n. The Th e mo moni nito tori ring ng an and d ev eval alua uati tion on of th the e le leve vell of clea cl eanli nline ness ss de desig signe ned d fo forr th this is sol solid id wa waste ste ma mana nage geme ment nt pr prog ogra ram m involv inv olves es reg regula ularr insp inspect ection ion of the str street eets, s, side sidewal walks, ks, wat waterw erway ays, s, vacant lots and the frontages of the households. Garbage prone areas are identified and documented through the use of a checklist and/or photos. The sample sample checklist checklist on Table 9 is filled filled out for illustrat illustration. ion. The figure under the last column Total shows the dominant problem in the str street eet cau causing sing dirt dirtine iness ss i.e i.e.. sca scatte ttered red gar garbag bage, e, unt untied ied bag bagged ged garbage, spilling garbage bins, litter, animal droppings, etc. In this samp sa mple le fi fill lled ed ou outt ch chec eckl klis ist, t, th the e nu numb mber er on one e pr prob oble lem m is an anim imal al droppings dropping s followed by litters litters and scattered scattered garbage. garbage. The figures figures on the last row Total shows which street is the dirtiest, which is Street 1 in this sample. sample. Oth Other er data that that can be generate generated d in the use of the syste sy stem m is th the e loc locat atio ion n of re recu curr rring ing ga garb rbag age e pr pron one e ar area eas. s. Qu Quic ick k feedback to the authorities will provide basis for action. Date : May 2, 2004 Garbage Spotted Street 1 1. Scattered Garbage 2. Sp Spil illi ling ng Gar Garba bage ge Bins 3. Animal Droppings 4. Sand Mounds 5. Litters
Total
Street 2
Street 3
Street Street 4 5
2
1
1
1
1
6
1 3 1 2
0 2 0 1
0 1 1 2
0 1 0 2
1 3 0 2
2 10 2 9
9
4
5
4
7
Total
29
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5.5.11 Collection Efficiency
Collection efficiency includes several things such as the amount of garbage collected vis-à-vis the capacity of collection equipment and expected amount to be collected in a given route, timeliness and regularity of collection collection and area coverage. Thus, collection is efficient efficient if the collection equipment has made use of its optimum capacity, has collected in the area on the agreed time, and has covered the route as planned at the shortest or fastest time possible. The performance of the primary and LGU collector s will be monitored and evaluated Linked to the performanc performance e of the primary primary collectors collectors is the monitoring monitoring of the the amou amount nt of recy recyla lable ble mate materi rial als s colle collect cted ed and and eval evalua uati tion on of recovery rate. 5.5.12 Waste Diversion Rate
Diversion Diversion of waste as explained in RA 9003 is the amount of garbage that that is divert diverted ed from being disposed disposed into into the disposal disposal facili facility. ty. The manda mandate ted d diver diversio sion n goal goal start startin ing g 2006 2006 is 25% 25% of the tota totall wast waste e generated. For 2008, the diversion rate target of the program is 27%, 2009 is 28%, and 2017 is 36%. There is no specific guideline provided by the National Solid Waste Management Commission as to how diversion rate will be arrived at. What is provided is that it should be computed against the amount of waste generated. generated. As regar regards ds this program, program, to be quantifie quantified d will be the amount taken to the MRF, impact of the household composting, and activities of the informal sector, i.e. itinerant primary collector and neighborhood junkshops. The amount of recyclable materials and biod biodeg egra rada dabl ble e wast waste e proc proces esse sed d will will be comp comput uted ed agai agains nstt the the estimated waste generation of the barangay as established through the WACS. 5.5.13 Price Tracking Tracking of Recyclable Recyclable Materials Materials
Since the MRF operation is viewed as one that will eventually evolve into into a busin busines ess s ente enterp rpri rise se,, the the susta sustaina inabil bilit ity y of its oper operat atio ion n will will depend a lot on its revenues and profits. Profits will be much affected affected by the buying prices of the recyclable materials by the junkshops or the consolidators (Consolidators are bigger shops that take charge in shipping the accumulated recyclable materials to Manila or Cebu). Ther Theref efor ore, e, it is nece necessa ssary ry that that the the buyin buying g pric prices es of the diffe differe rent nt junk junksh shops ops of the the diff differ erent ent type types s of mate materi rial als s be monit monitor ored ed.. The database that will be developed on the prices of materials over time will pro provid vide e val valuab uable le inf inform ormati ation on on the beha behavio viorr of the busi business ness.. Such information will provide basis for business directions, i.e. scaling
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up or sc scal alin ing g do down wn wh whe ere sc sca ali ling ng up ma may y me mea an op ope era rati ting ng as consolidator. 5.6 Cost and Revenue Accounting Projec Projects ts should should alway always s practi practice ce full full cost and revenu revenue e accoun accounting ting,, more so for this this project project because because it is a pilot project. project. It is ideal ideal for a project like this to be financially self-sustaining. It may not be so in some some case cases. s. That That is why why it is impo import rtan antt to reco record rd all all cost costs s and and revenues revenues so that there there will be an objective objective basis basis for evaluation evaluation.. On the the one one hand hand,, good good pra practic ctices es will will find find way ways to be repl replic ica ated ted somew somewhe here re.. On the other other hand hand,, lesso lessons ns should should be learn learned ed from experiences so that expensive mistakes should not be repeated. 5.7 Documentation and Reporting Documentation will be an indispensable component of this barangay solid waste management management program. The monitoring of activities will be systematic systematic and shall shall be documented documented in customized customized forms. forms. Process Process documentation will be the approach used in the documentation of activities complemented with photo documentation. Regular documentation will also be in the form of the following:
Recording of the attendance of the BSWMC and Core Group Members in Meetings and Activities;
Logging in and out of the personnel, guests in the MRF;
Systematic recording of incoming materials in the MRF;
Preparation ion of minute utes consultative gatherings;
Use of official receipts in the sale of recyclable materials;
Safe Safe keep keeping ing of impor importa tant nt docu docume ments nts such such as MRF MRF plan plans, s, permits, Council resolutions, among others.
of
meetings ngs
or
proc proce eedings ngs
of
Reporting is required by RA 9003. 9003. The following schedule of reporting will be implemented: A monthly report shall be prepared and submitted by the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee to the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board;
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5.8. Financial Requirement
Particulars
MRF Building
Total Cost (Php)
650,000
Remarks
Project Fund
Collection Equipment 10,000.00 ( 2 un units its tr trisi isika kad, d, we weigh igh scal sc ale, e, ca calc lcul ulat ator, or, sa sack cks, s, recyclers’ uniforms, etc)
Project Fund
MRF Supplies
1,000.00
Project Fund
IEC Materials
19,000.00
Project Fund
Seed Capital
5,000
Barangay
5.9 Implementing Tools The basic law that serves as the basis for the implementation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program is RA 9003; To To legi legitim timiz ize e the the Bara Baranga ngay y Solid Solid Wast Waste e Mana Manage geme ment nt Prog Progra ram, m, a Bara Barang ngay ay Coun Counci cill Ordi Ordina nanc nce e shal shalll be pass passed ed by the the Bara Barang ngay ay Council.; 5.10 Implementation Schedule
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IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008-2013
Activities 1 2
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Selection of Project Sites Securing of Site for the MRF Prep. of the MRf design and Plan Securing of Permits to construct Construction Constructio n of the MRF Procurement of MRF equipt & Procurementt of Collection Procuremen Turn Over of MRF & Start of Conduct of Surveys (WACS, KAPS) Capability Building Prod. & Dissemination of IEC Matrls Implem of SAS, Sep Collection Monitoring and Evaluation Improvementt of the System Improvemen Documentation and Reporting
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4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
26
