Bone, Joint & Soft Tissue (1-60) Question 1 Excluding multiple myeloma, each of the following statements regarding primary bone neoplasms is correct EXCEPT: A Less than half are are malignant. malignant. B Most occur occur about the knee. *C Most occur occur in older persons. D Osteosarcomas Osteosarcomas are more frequent than chondrosarcomas. chondrosarcomas. E Males are more frequently frequently affected than females. females.
Question 2 An 80-year-old woman falls out of bed and breaks her hip. Radiographs show not only a fracture of the left femoral head, head , but also a compressed fracture of T10. She probably has: A Vitamin D deficiency B A pyogenic pyogenic infection infection C Osteogenesis imperfecta *D Decreased bone bone mass/osteoporosis mass/osteoporosis
E Polyostotic Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia dysplasia
Question 3
Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma is:
This is a chondrosarcoma, which has a predilection for involvement of metaphysis or diaphysis.
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This high power microscopic appearance of a chondrosarcoma demonstrates ** pleomorphic chondrocytes that are piled together in a haphazard arrangement. In general, **chondrosarcomas occur over a wider age range than osteosarcomas, including older adults
A The most frequent frequent primary tumor tumor of bone B Usually seen in in distal skeletal skeletal bones C More common common in females *D Sometimes Sometimes seen to arise in benign cartilagenous cartilagenous tumors E Associated with with Paget's disease disease of bone
Question 4 You perform a sternal bone marrow aspirate aspirate on a 62 year old male and get a dark red jelly-like material material in the syringe. syringe. The patient's patient's total protein is 8.5 gm/dl with an albumin of 4.1 gm/dl. gm/dl. The smear of the aspirate will show which of the following as a prominent feature: A Giant cells B Fibroblasts C Osteoblasts D Metastatic renal renal cell carcinoma carcinoma *E Plasma cells Question 5 A 66-year-old female with increasing difficulty in performing activities of daily living because of osteoarthritis is LEAST likely to have:
A Monoarticular Monoarticular involvement an oesteophytes oesteophytes OA is more felt than an outward deformity. Mornining stiffness in hands that gets better with use
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B Knee involvement xxC Bony ankylosis / xtic of Rh Arthritis
The prominent ulnar deviation of the hands and "swan neck" deformity of the fingers is due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This autoimmune disease leads to synovial proliferation with inflammation and joint destruction, typically in a symmetrical pattern involving small joints of hands and feet , followed by wrists wrists,, ankles, elbows, and knees. knees. Rheumatoid factor can be identified serologically in most 80%, but not all, RA patients.
Sometimes persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have rheumatoid nodules form in subcutaneous locations at pressure points, such as the elbow shown here. Rheumatoid nodules may also appear viscerally, such as on the pleura of the lung.
This is the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. There is chronic inflammation with lymphocytes and plasma cells that produce the blue areas beneath the nodular proliferations. proliferations. This "pannus" is destructive and produces erosion of the articular cartilage, eventually destroying the joint. D Morning stiffness stiffness and gets worse with with use E Heberden's nodes and and crepitus and wt bearing jts
Question 6 A 13-year-old boy with pain in his left leg is found to have a neoplasm of the femur ( + Pelvis) that radiologically is diaphyseal in location and on biopsy is seen microscopically to be composed of numerous of numerous small round blue cells. cells. He also has fever. The probable diagnosis is: zzA Ewing's sarcoma sarcoma ( Homer Wright Wright rosette)
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Ewing's sarcoma. This primary This primary bone tumor mainly tumor mainly occurs in the ***diaphysis of long bones of children and young adults. There is a slight male predominance. As seen here, the irregular tan to red to brown tumor mass is breaking through the cortex. More normal fatty marrow is seen at the far right.
Ewing's sarcoma is one of the "small " small round blue cell" cell " tumors histologically.classic histologically.classic t( 11:22) , onion skinning on X-ray
Ewing's sarcoma contains abundant glycogen, glycogen , as seen by the reddish granular cytoplasmic staining by PAS stain here B C D E
Medulloblastoma Neuroblastoma Chondroblastoma Osteoblastoma
Question 7 A 14 year old African male with sickle cell anemia (Hgb SS) is most prone to develop osteomyelitis with: A Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus aureus B Pseudomonas Pseudomonas aeruginosa aeruginosa
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xxC Salmon Salmonella ella //An
infection that becomes established in bone is difficult to treat, since bone is relatively avascular. The result is an osteomyelitis. If this process occurs over years, the bone becomes markedly remodelled. At the site of involvement, there is a central area of pale necrotic "sequestrum" that is surrounded by irregular remodelled "involucrum" that produces marked distortion. The weakened bone is prone to fracture. fracture. In this case, the irregular involucrum is seen above in the upper femur. D E. coli E Candida Question 8 A 70 year old male has noted increasin increasing g back and leg pain for years. years . Radiographs reveal bony ** sclerosis sclerosis of the sacroiliac, sacroiliac, lower vertebral, vertebral, and upper tibial tibial regions with with ***cortical thickening, but without mass effect or bony destruction. destruction . If that weren't enough trouble, he says his hats don't even fit anymore. anymore. The major laboratory finding is an ***elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. The best diagnosis is: A Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma of prostate with metastases metastases xxB Paget's disease disease of bone
This is P aget's disease of bone in which the mixed ** osteoclastic and ** osteoblastic stage is present. A line of osteoblasts is present forming new bone, but lacunae containing multinucleate osteoclasts are at the same time destroying bone. The result is a patchwork a patchwork mosaic of bone without an evenly formed lamellar structure. This stage of Paget's disease is preceded by a mainly lytic phase and is is followed by a "burnt out" sclerotic sclerotic phase. Paget's disease is seen in elderly Caucasians of European ancestry. The serum alkaline phosphatase is increased, increased , but the serum calcium and parathormone are not. Under ** polarized light, the irregularities of the bony lamellae are apparent, with a "tile-like" or "mosaic" pattern C Renal failure failure with renal renal osteodystrophy D Osteoporosis E Osteomalacia Question 9 An expansile, eccentric lesion that radiographically radiographically is seen to be surrounded by a rim of reactive bone in the metaphysis of the distal femur in an 18-year-old female is most consistent with:
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A Fibrous dysplasia B Ewing's sarcoma C Chondrosarcoma D Osteosarcoma zzE Aneurysmal Aneurysmal bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst .The radiographic appearance is typically that of ballooning, or aneurysmal dilation, of the affected bone-usually the metaphysis of a long bone or dorsal vertebral body. Grossly, there are fleshy aggregates of tumor surrounding cystic spaces filled with blood. The breakdown of the blood into hemosiderin has led to brownish staining of some of the cysts seen here.
This is an aneurysmal bone cyst at high power magnification. Note the ** prominent multinucleated cells and ***the plump spindle cells of the stroma. Question 10 The finding of osteo of osteoblastic metastases of the vertebral column is most consistent with which of the following primary neoplasms: A Infiltrating Infiltrating ductal carcinoma carcinoma of breast B Endometrial Endometrial adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma zzC Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma of prostate prostate
This radiograph demonstrates bright osteoblastic metastases in the vertebral column in a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostate. Almost all others others are osteolytic. Almost all others are osteolytic D Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma cystadenocarcinoma of of ovary
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E Renal cell cell carcinoma carcinoma
Question 11 Which statement regarding osteosarcoma of bone is INCORRECT INCORRECT:: A There is a male male predominance. predominance. 15- 20yo xxB Bone trauma is is a predisposing predisposing factor. No factor. No apparent apparent bone pathology C Some cases are associated associated with radiation radiation exposure. D Femur and tibia adjacent adjacent to the knee are common sites. E Metastases are usually usually hematogenous. To the lung lung
Question 12 True statements concerning gouty arthritis include all of the following EXCEPT: zzA Most patients with hyperuricemia hyperuricemia will develop it. MOST with Hyperuricimia Hyperuricimia do not get gout. But almost qbody who gets it has hyperuricimia B The first metatarsal-phalan metatarsal-phalangeal geal joint is usually involved. involved. C Sodium urate crystals crystals can be seen in synovial fluid. fluid. D Tophi can erode erode bone and cartilage. cartilage. E Males are affected affected more than females. females.
Question 13 A 5 year old boy has very short arms and legs, legs, such that his height is less than the 5th percentile for age. age. However, However, his trunk and head appear normally proportioned proportioned for age. age . The most likely diagnosis is: A B C D
Fibrous dysplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Ollier's disease Alport's syndrome
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zzE Ach
ondroplasia(AD),mutation of FGFR3, that inhibit cartilage formation
Question 14 A 38 year old female has been on long-term corticosteroid therapy for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. The bone disease most commonly complicating this therapy is: A Paget's disease disease of bone B Rickets C Osteochondritis zzD Osteoporo Osteoporosis sis // secondary osteoporosis/ osteoporosis/ immobilization, immobilization, endocrinopaties( thyrotixicosis) thyrotixicosis) steroids. Primary causes include 1]estrogen deficiency, 2] lack of activity and 3] genetic factors. E Osteomala Question 15 A 15-year-old girl is noted to have an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine spine.. This is probably due to: zzA Asymmetric Asymmetric cartilage growth of vertebral vertebral body end plates B Multiple osteochondromas osteochondromas of the vertebral vertebral bodies bodies C Vitamin Vitamin D deficiency with with rickets D A disorder of procollagen procollagen synthesis with multiple multiple compressed fractures fractures E Trauma Question 16 A lateral projection from the metaphysis of the lower femur that is composed of a 3 cm stalk of bony cortex capped by cartilage is probably a(an): zzA Osteochondroma
an osteochondroma of bone. This is a bony projection (exostosis). Most are solitary, incidental lesions that may be excised if they cause local pain. There is a rare condition of multiple osteochondromatosis marked by bone deformity and by a greater propensity for development of chondrosarcoma.
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osteochondroma cut into three sections. A bluish-white cartilagenous cap overlies the bony cortex. These are probably not true neoplasms, but they are a mass lesion that extends outward from the metaphyseal region of a long bone. B C D E
Giant cell tumor tumor Aneurysmal Aneurysmal bone cyst Osteoid osteoma Enchondroma
Question 17 All of the following following statements statements regarding Paget's disease of bone are true **EXCE **EXCEPT PT:: A There is an increased increased risk for osteosarcoma. osteosarcoma. B Most cases have polyo polyostotic stotic (multiple bone) bone) involvement. C Patients Patients may develop congestive congestive heart failure. failure. D Paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus infection has been implicated implicated as an etiology. zzE It is usually usually seen in young males. males. Men > 40yo Question 18 An elderly woman who has fractured her hip most likely has: A A dietary dietary lack of vitamin vitamin D xxB Osteoclastic Osteoclastic resorbtion coupled with some some slowing of bone formation formation C An abnormality abnormality of type 1 collagen collagen synthesis D A decrease decrease in the osteoid matrix matrix of bone E Primary hyperparathyroidism hyperparathyroidism from a parathyroid parathyroid adenoma Question 19 Of the following bone lesions, the one that is most frequently associated with hyperparathyroidism is: A Osteochondroma B Giant cell tumor tumor C Paget's disease disease of of bone zzD Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Primary hyperparathyroidism. The increased parathormone levels lead to bone resorbtion, seen best in subperiosteal regions of the phalanges. E Fibrous dysplasia Question 20 A man in his 20's begins to note persistent note persistent lower lower back pain and and stiffness that diminishes with activity. activity . In his 30's he also develops hip and shoulder arthritis, arthritis, and in his 40's he is bothered by decreased decreased lumbar spine spine mobility. These These findings are most most typical for: for: A Rheumatoid arthritis zzB Ankylosing spondylitis
spondyloarthropathies are a diverse group conditions characterized by an inflammatory arthritis that involves the spine and/or peripheral joints, along with additional organ system involvement. Most of them are marked
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serologically by the presence of the tissue antigen known as HLA-B27 HLA-B27.. These conditions can be 1] chronic and progressive (ankylosing spondylitis), 2]relapsing or recurrent (Reiter syndrome), or 3]variable (psoriatic and enteropathic arthritis). C Osteoarthritis D Lyme disease E Calcium pyrophosphate pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition deposition disease Question 21 Of the following bone diseases, which has a female predominance: zzA Aneurysmal Aneurysmal bone cyst B Osteosarcoma C Chondrosarcoma D Ewing's sarcoma E Osteochondroma Question 22 A 21-year-old male college student has noted increasing pain and soreness in his left shoulder after shoulder after a summer working on the ranch and bucking bales of hay while at a ranch up in the Cache Valley. He can hardly raise his left arm. Clear fluid is aspirated from the subacromial region. He probably has: A Tenosynovitis B Costochondritis zzC Bursitis
Tendinitis or injury of the rotator cuff is often the cause for shoulder pain. The supraspinatus tendon is most often affected. There can be inflammation, fibrosis and adjacent bursitis. The supraspinatus tendon can be torn by falling on an outstretched arm or lifting a heavy object. Seen here is an MRI scan of the left shoulder demonstrating a full thickness tear of tear of the supraspinatus tendon. D Ganglion cyst E Pseudogout
Question 23 An acute pyogenic arthritis is LEAS LEAST T likely to:
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A Complicate Complicate gonorrheal infection infection B Complicate Complicate septicemia septicemia C Involve large joints joints D Lead to ankylosis ankylosis with chronicity chronicity zzE Occur with Lyme disease Question 24 A social worker refers a 2-year-old child to you because of suspected of suspected child abuse. abuse. You find multiple recent and healing ** long bone fractures, ** blue sclerae, **hearing loss, and **misshapen teeth. Your diagnosis is: A Extensive trauma trauma ("shaken baby syndrome") syndrome") zzB Osteogenesis Osteogenesis imperfecta /brittle /brittle bone dz
Essential Essential defect ion the formation of collagen type 1 that form bone matrix. Multiple modes of inheritance, generalized osteopenia, jt laxity. C Achondroplasia D Rickets E Osteopetrosis Question 25 Which of the following statements regarding the development of an osteosarco osteosarcoma ma of bone is TRUE: TRUE: mc malignant malignant bone tumor.in tumor.in males < 25 A The majority of cases cases arise in Paget's disease disease of bone. B About 10% arise arise from osteoid osteoid osteomas. C Most arise in the bones of the the arm. D Most occur following following radiation radiation therapy. zzE Patients with with retinoblastoma retinoblastoma are at risk.
Stained + for vimentin suggest it s a sarcoma. Ostoid production is x’tic x’tic of osteosarcoma. osteosarcoma. Question 26 A 41-year-old male has had ** backache with muscle spasms,** weakness, and ** pain in the right hip all the way to his toes for months. Physical exam reveals that the circumference of this leg is smaller than the left left,, and he has ** paresthesias in an L5 distribution. distribution. These findings are most likely due to: A Spondylolisthesis B Spina bifida zzC Herniated nucleus nucleus pulposus / sciatica/L5-S1 sciatica/L5-S1
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herniation of the nucleus pulposis of the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1. In the transverse transverse view shown here, the herniation is seen to compress the nerve roots on the left. D Osteoporosis E Paget's disease disease of bone
Question 27 A solitary destructive bony lesion of the skull that is composed histologically of histiocytes, eosinophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes in a 5-year-old male is most likely: A Osteoid osteoma B Letterer-Siwe syndrome zzC Eosinophilic Eosinophilic granuloma granuloma
D Osteitis fibrosa cystica cystica E Tuberculosis Question 28 Which of the following following statements statements regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is INCORRECT INCORRECT:: A Pannus in joints contains contains numerous lymphocytes lymphocytes and plasma cells. B Small joints joints are affected more than large large joints. C Joint involvement involvement is typically typically symmetric. symmetric. zzD Males are affected more than females.it females.it is AI dz, means women affected more than men. E Joint ankylosis is a lon long-term g-term complication. complication. Question 29 A young girl has pain in the region of the right upper thigh, thigh, which is relieved by aspirin. aspirin. A radiograph reveals a small lucent area in the femur surrounded by sclerotic bone.[ bone .[ pathogneumonic] pathogneumonic] The most likely diagnosis is: A Enchondroma B Multiple myeloma C Eosinophilic Eosinophilic granuloma granuloma zzD Osteoid osteoma osteoma // pain is worse at night and and is relieved relieved by ASA
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E Osteochondroma Question 30 All of the following are likely sources for metastatic lesions to bone EXCEPT: EXCEPT: zzA Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma of colon colon B Oat cell carcinoma carcinoma of lung lung /LUNG C Infiltrating Infiltrating ductal carcinoma carcinoma of breast /BREAST /BREAST D Renal cell carcinoma KIDNEY E Adenocarcinoma Adenocarci noma of prostate PROSTATE F It could could have come come from from the thyroid gland gland Question 31 A 49-year-old female has noted that she cannot completely extend the middle finger of her left hand. In the palm of her hand at the base of this finger there is an ill-defined mass that is very firm to palpation. palpation. What histologic appearance will this mass most likely demonstrate: zzA Fibromatosis B Rhabdomyosarcoma C Granulomatous Granulomatous inflammation inflammation D Dystrophic calcification calcification E Giant cell tumor tumor of tendon sheath sheath Question 32 A 45-year-old female notices that she develops tingling and numbness over the palmar the palmar surface of her thumb, index, and middle fingers after several hours at her computer workstation doing word processing. Pain in the same area often occurs at night as well. Which of the following pathologic findings accounts for her symptoms: symptoms: A Toxic peripheral peripheral neuropathy neuropathy B Rheumatoid Rheumatoid arthritis arthritis C Gout D Hypertrophic Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy osteoarthropathy zzE Localized tenosynovitis tenosynovitis
Question 33 A 55-year-old patient with chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy may have all of the following findings EXCEPT EXCEPT:: A Enlarged parathyroid parathyroid glands glands zzB Hyperostosis C Aluminum Aluminum toxicity toxicity D Hyperphosphatemia E Hypocalcemia Question 34 A 45-year-old male has pain in his right knee. As he moves about during the day, the
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pain decreases. decreases. The underlying disease process is probably: A Osteoporosis B Osteochondroma C Osteomalacia zzD Osteoarthr Osteoarthritis itis / I would expect the pain to increase but it is unilateral knee jt so it makes sense E Osteopetrosis
Question 35 As he continues to age, decreasing mobility of his bothers a 50-year-old male spine at the hips,[ bom bomboo boo spine] and he has a "hunched over" appearance appearance of the upper back. These problems have been been slowly progressive. progressive. This man man is LEAST likely to have: This is ANKLYLOSIS SPONDYLITIS SPONDYLITIS ,and 2] Reiter’s triad conjunctivitis, uretritis and arthritis. arthritis. A A similarly similarly affected affected relative zzB Involvement of the peripheral joints joints C Sacroiliac ankylosis D Onset of his disease in the 20's 20's E HLA-B27
Spondyloarthropathies HLAB27
Sacroiliitis
Arthritis Art hritis
++++
++++
++
Uveitis, Aortitis
++
Triad
1]Uveitis, 2Conjunctivitis, 3Urethritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
+
++
+++
Psoriasis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis
Enteropathic Arthritis
+++
+
++
Inflammatory bowel disease
Radiograph
Disease
Ankylosing Spondylitis Reiter Syndrome
+++
+++
Other Tissues
Question 36
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A form of arthritis that affects young persons persons,, often has a febrile onset, onset, involves only a few joints (usually knees or ankles), and is accompanied accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy is: A Gonococcal arthritis B Ankylosing Ankylosing spondylitis spondylitis zzC Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis D Tuberculous arthritis E Gout Question 37 The majority of cases of arthritis have clinical symptoms symptoms that are a result of: zzA Loss of articular articular hyaline cartilage cartilage // mc form of arthritis and increases with age B Synovitis C Underlying Underlying osteomyelitis of bone D Bone marrow marrow fibrosis fibrosis E Crystal deposition Question 38 Of the following mass lesions of bone, the one that is most likely to be present in an older adult,, rather than in a child or young adult, is: adult A Osteosarcoma zzB Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma (n their 40+) C Ewing's sarcoma D Giant cell tumor tumor E Osteoid osteoma Question 39 Multiple firm white irregular mass lesions are scattered throughout the vertebrae in a 71 year old male. male . He was known to have a markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase along with hypercalcemia hypercalcemia.. Which of the following following explanations is most likely for these findings: zzA Metastatic carcinoma carcinoma of prostate prostate
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note the multiple hot spots of metastatic lesions. B Osteochondromatosis C Ewing's sarcoma D Fibrous dysplasia dysplasia of bone E Osteomalacia Question 40 A 30 year old male has pain about his left knee that he has noted worsening "for weeks". A radiograph reveals a 6 cm lytic lesion involving the epiphyseal region of the distal femur with a "soap bubble" appearance. appearance. The lesion is curretted, and histologically histologically there are numerous giant cells in a stroma with plump to spindle shaped mononuclear cells. cells . The most probable diagnosis is: A Osteosarcoma B Chondrosarcoma C Malignant fibrous fibrous histiocytoma histiocytoma zzD Giant cell cell tumor of of bone
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giant cell tumors of bone are composed of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in a sea of round to oval mononuclear stromal cells. There may also be foamy macrophages and hemosiderin deposition in the stroma. Though these tumors are biologically benign, they can expand and cause pain, deformity, or fracture. They are treated by curettage or resection, but resection, but not radiation. radiation. E Tuberculosis Question 41 Following a humeral fracture in a 16 year old boy suffered while he was going down a series of steps on in-line skates, the fracture is set. The fracture callus the forms during the first month while the arm is in the cast is not as strong as the surrounding bone because callus: A Is mainly formed formed from type IV IV collagen zzB Contains woven, woven, rather than lamellar, lamellar, bone
This is ***irregular new bone, or woven bone, which is forming in the region of a fracture. ** Osteo b blasts lasts are seen lining the irregular trabeculae, and there is an ** osteo osteoclast near the center. C Consists mostly mostly of acute inflammatory inflammatory cells D Lacks osteoblasts osteoblasts E Is formed primarily primarily of bone bone marrow Question 42 The appearance of irregularl of irregularly y thickened bone showing a mosaic of both ** osteolysis and ** osteogenesis in ** multiple sites in vertebrae, pelvis, and humerus is most often seen as a condition involving bone in a patient with which of the following histories:
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zzA 76 year old male male with congestive congestive heart failure Pagets’s dx/ polyostotic form form B 11 year old female female with precocious precocious puberty C 5 year old girl with multiple multiple long bone fractures fractures and blue sclerae D 85 year old female female with fracture of femoral femoral neck E Stillborn with with multiple long bone fractures fractures Question 43 A 61 year old male is found to have a mass in the proximal humerus. humerus. This mass is slow-growing . Metastases are not present. After resection, the mass is found to be to be firm and have a bluish-white appearance appearance on sectionin sectioning g. The histologic feature that is most likely to be characteristic of this mass is: A Small round round blue cells B Osteoid zzC Atypical chondrocytes D Giant cells E Plasma cells Question 44 A former center for the Oakland Raiders football team retired in his 30's after a career of more than a decade. He now finds that he has a lot of stiffness in his right knee in the morning which soon abates, abates, but by the end of the day he is taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory medications for pain. These findings are most typical for: A Rheumatoid arthritis B Ankylosing Ankylosing spondylitis spondylitis zzC Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis *** *** D Lyme disease E Osteomyelitis Question 45 Along the extensor surface of the forearm of a 42 year old woman can be felt a firm, non tender, 1 cm rounded subcutaneous mass. mass. Microscopically, Microscopically, the ***nodule shows an area of central necrosis surrounded by ** palisading epithelioid cells. cells. Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely to accompany this lesion: zzA Positive rheumatoid rheumatoid factor factor
Rheumatoid nodule. Seen in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and appear beneath the skin over bony prominences such as the elbow. They can occasionally appear in visceral organs. There is a central area of fibrinoid of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by pallisading by pallisading epithelioid epithelioid macrophages and other mononuclear cells. cells. B Elevated antinuclear antibody
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C Monoclonal gammopathy D Anti-Jo-1 (anti-histidyl-tRNA (anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase) synthetase) // inflammatory inflammatory myopathies E Acetylcholine Acetylcholine receptor antibody antibody
Question 46 Slow, progressive erosion of articular cartilage, cartilage, followed by subchondral sclerosis and formation of osteophytes, has occurred in the j oints of the hands as well as the vertebrae of a 69 year old male. There is pain, but no swelling. Ankylosis of the joints has not occurred. The most likely explanation for this is: A Lyme disease zzB Osteoarthritis C Rheumatoid Rheumatoid arthritis arthritis D Remote fractures E Osteoporosis Question 47 A stillborn male is 37 weeks gestation at birth. Skeletal abnormalities abnormalities had been seen on ultrasonography ultrasonography at 20 weeks gestation and consisted of long bone shortening. At birth, the extremities are malformed and shortened and a postmortem radiograph radiograph reveals ** multiple long bone fractures. The underlying disorder is most likely to be: A Achondroplasia B Fibrous dysplasia C Rickets D Congenital syphilis zzE Osteogenesis imperfecta Question 48 An elderly Caucasian male is at risk for all of the following following complications of polyostotic Paget's disease of bone EXCEPT: these are the complication of Paget’s dz A Sarcoma of bone bone B Fractures zzC Osteomyelitis D Congestive heart failure failure E Facial droop droop from nerve nerve palsy Question 49 Multiple "hot spots" with increased uptake appear on bone scan of a 56-year-old male. He has had pain in the ** right arm, **left leg, and **back, and there has been a **fracture of the right humerus. The most likely explanation for these findings is: zzA Metastatic carcinoma B Aneurysmal Aneurysmal bone cysts C Osteomalacia D Osteoid osteomas E Osteomyelitis
Questions 50 and 51: Click on the checkbox first, then the lettered item: B(50) A soft tissue mass is present in an older male in association association with bony destruction of the knee joint, along with local pain and swelling. This has progressively worsened for several years.
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A (51) A ring-like rash is noted on the skin of the left lower thigh by a 35 year old woman. This is followed a couple of months later by an arthritis that involves several joints in succession, succession, including including right hip, left knee, knee, and left elbow. elbow. She is otherwise otherwise healthy. healthy. A B C D E
Borrelia burgdorferi ( erythema erythema migrans) migrans) Lyme dz Neisseria gonorrheae// gonorrheae// why not not C for 50 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus aureus Treponema Treponema pallidum pallidum No infectious infectious etiology etiology
Questions 52 and 53: Click on the checkbox first, then the lettered item: E (52) A 45 year old female female has ** deformities of her hands, **with **with ulnar deviation, deviation, as a consequence of*** pannus in proximal interphalangeal joints. D (53) Acute inflammation of first metatarsal-phalangeal metatarsal-phalangeal joint is noted in a 45 year old male. A B C D E
Systemic lupus erythematosus erythematosus Lyme disease Osteoarthritis Gouty arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis // affects small bone of the hand and feet
Questions 54 and 55: Click on the checkbox first, then the lettered item: E (54) Hypermobility of joints, and skin that is hyperextensible and easily torn, are findings in a young girl.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), a connective tissue disease in which there is a disorder of collagen synthesis. There are several types with various inheritance patterns. Pictured here is a hyper-extensible, hypermobile joint typical of EDS. B (55) A long-limbed 22 year old female is developing aortic valvular insufficiency. A B C D E
Osteogenesis imperfecta, imperfecta, type type I Marfan's syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta, imperfecta, type II Achondroplasia Ehlers-Danlos Ehlers-Danlos syndrome syndrome
Questions 56 and 57: Click on the checkbox first, then the lettered item: D (56) Pseudogout involves the knees of a 55-year-old male. This is always in the differentia differentiall for OA and RA . it is made of calcium pyrophosphate crystals that are positive rhomboid rhomboid birefrigent crystal.
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E (57) Synovium in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. arthritis. A B D E
Monosodium urate urate crystals/ crystals/this this is true gout/needle shaped ,negative birefringent crysrtals Cholesterol Cholesterol crystals C Plasma cells cells and and lymphocytes lymphocytes Calcium pyrophosphate crystals// crystals// positive birefringment rhomboid shaped crystals White blood blood cells cells
Questions 58 and 59: Click on the checkbox first, then the lettered item: D (58) Malignant spindle cells making *** osteoid are observed in a lesion of the tibial metaphysis in a 15 year old male. B (59) A firm 7 cm mass with a bluish-whit a bluish-whitee cut surface is removed from the left iliac wing of a 60-year-old male. A B C D E
Fibrous dysplasia Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma **** **** Osteoid osteoma Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma ***.// stained with viamentin/ viamentin/ Ewing's sarcoma
Question 60 Ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation reveals that the male fetus has long bones measuring at less than the 5th percentile for age, but age, but there are no no fractures. fractures. Normal numbers of fingers and toes are present. The internal organs including the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain appear to be be normal in size. size. The most likey likey explanation explanation among the following following is: A Maternal vitamin vitamin D deficiency deficiency zzB Achondroplasia Achondroplasia *** C Fibrous dysplasia D Paget's disease disease of bone E Congenital cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus infection infection
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