8- Z\BZEADGDA^ DAI CIQEDB--------------------------CIQEDB------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 76 5- NBMDE NBMDENEÞM NEÞM DA ^QNN ^QNNEÞM EÞM-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78 7:- NBMDENEÞM DA DA^NG\FG---------------------------DA^NG\FG-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 77- NBMDE NBMDENEÞM NEÞM DA ^QNN ^QNNEÞM EÞM DE^ZBMELIA DE^ZBMELIA MZ^H MZ^HD D----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<: 7<- NÇINQIB DA IG Z\A^EÞM Z\A^EÞM DA ^QNNEÞM KËMEKG-*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <7 7>- Z\A^EÞM Z\A^EÞM DA DA^NG\FG MBKEMGI ZG\G IG LBKLG----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <7 74- Z\A^EÞM DECA\AMNEGI U NGLAPGI DECA\AMNEGI (TDH%--------------------------(TDH%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<<
71- DATA\KEMGNEÞM DATA\KEMGNEÞM DA IB^ \AWQA\EKEAMTB^ DA ZBTAMNEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<> 71-7 Zbtamneg gi c|amb (L|goa Hb|~a Hb|~a Zbva| Zbva| LHZ%---------------------------------LHZ%---------------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------<> --------------- -----<> 71-< Data|kemgneþm Data|kemgneþm da da ig zbtamneg zbtamneg mbkemgi mbkemgi |awqa|edg |awqa|edg _Hz[------------------------------_Hz[------------------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ----------<4 ----<4
73- ^AIANNEÞM DAI TEZB DA LBKLG U AI GNNEBMGDB\--------------------------GNNEBMGDB\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <4 76- KAK KAKB\EG B\EG DA NÇINQ NÇINQIB IB A^TG A^TGMDG\E MDG\EPGDG PGDG-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<1 78- \AWQA\EKEAMTB^ \AWQA\EKEAMTB^ N\ËTENB^ DA ^A\SENEB DA LBKLAB--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <3 75- GMAX GMAXB^ B^-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <6
7- BL@ATESB Ai bl`atesb da a~ta kgmqgi a~ ig a~tgmdg|epgneþm da ib~ nçinqib~ |agiepgdb~ zg|g ig ~aianneþm da qmg qmedgd da lbklab-
<- GINGMNA Ai z|a~amta dbnqkamtb kqa~t|g ib~ zg~b~ g ~afqe| zg|g ai nçinqib da qmedgda~ da lbklab) zg|g ib~ ~a|seneb~ wqa ~a qteiepgm lbklg~ namt|ecqfg~- Zb| a`akzib0 gfqg n|qdg) gfqg da~kema|giepgdg) gfqg zg|g |ac|ef |ac|efa|g a|gneþ neþm) m) gfqg gfqg da da~an da~anhb~ hb~)) gfqg gfqg nbmt|g nbmt|g emnam emnamdeb deb~) ~) d|am d|amg`a g`a da gfqg~ gfqg~)) iëwqed iëwqedb~ b~ da z|bna~ z|bna~b) b) hed|bng|lq|b~) fg~) nbklq~telia iëwqedb) wqëkenb~) amt|a bt|b~ ~a|seneb~ Ai nçinqib nbmtakzig ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ këmekb~ da nglapg matg da ~qnneþm zb~etesg MZ^H de~zbmelia) ig nglapg tbtgi g ~a| ~qkeme~t|gdb zb| ig lbklg u ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da zbtamneg dai ~a|seneb? ~a tbkg am nqamtg ig z|a~eþm këmekg da ~qnneþm u z|a~eþm kçxekg da da~ng|fg- ^a z|a~amtg ib~ z|emnezgia~ aiakamtb~ da nbmt|bi u z|btanneþm qteiepgdb~ zg|g data|kemg| sçisqig~ a em~t|qkamtgneþm |awqa|edg am ig~ iëmag~ da nbmdqnneþm- Wqadg cqa|g da a~tg fqëg ig kgma|g da data|kemg| ngëdg~ da z|a~eþm g t|gså~ da em~t|qkamtb~ u awqezb~-
4- TA\K TA\KEM EMBI BIBF BFËG ËG-Gnnebmgdb|-+ Kbtb|) Kbtb|) tq|lemgtq|lemg- Aiakamtb Aiakamtb wqa t|gm~cb|k t|gm~cb|kg g ig ama|fëg ama|fëg z|ekg|eg z|ekg|eg am ama|fëg ama|fëg nemåten nemåteng g wqa z|bdqna ai kbsekeamtb da ig lbklgNglapg këmekg da ~qnneþm-+ Deca|amneg da mesai amt|a ig lbklg u ai zqmtb da ~qnneþm- Am ~qnneþm guqdg g kgmtama| ai MZ^Hd zb| ib nqgi a~ zb~etesg ~e ai zqmtb b mesai da tbkg ~a amnqamt|g ~bl|a ig lbklg u mafgtesg ~e ai zqmtb b mesai da tbkg a~tg lg`b ig lbklg Nglapg kçxekg da da~ng|fg-+ Deca|amneg da mesai amt|a ig lbklg u ai zqmtb da amt|afg dai ciqedb- Am da~ng|fg hgu wqa samna| a~tg nglapg zb| ib wqa a~ zb~etesg ~e ai zqmtb b mesai da amt|afg ~a amnqamt|g ~bl|a ig lbklg u mafgtesg ~e ai zqmtb b mesai da amt|afg a~tg lg`b ig lbklgNglapgi-+ Iëmag (tqla|ëg% z|emnezgi dai z|bna~b zg|g ig tbkg b da~ng|fg da kðitezia~ awqezb~ b qteiedgda~ Ngëdg~ da z|a~eþm-+ Deca|amneg da z|a~eþm am Z^ED (Z^ED0 z|a~eþm deca|amnegi%) wqa bnq||a nqgmdb ai ciqedb gt|gsea~g b ne|nqig g t|gså~ da nqgiwqea| aiakamtb0 em~t|qkamtb) gnna~b|eb) tqla|ëg) atnNgqdgi da z|bna~b-+ Ngmtedgd da ciqedb taþ|enb kbseåmdb~a zg|g nqkzie| qm bl`atesb a~zanecenbNgqdgi da de~a÷b-+ Ciq`b da z|bna~b gcantgdb zb| qm cgntb| da de~a÷b C ( C;7:!%
Ngqdgi kçxekb-+ Ciq`b da de~a÷b kçxekb a~za|gdb zg|g qm ~e~takgNgqdgi këmekb-+ Ciq`b da de~a÷b këmekb a~za|gdb zg|g ai ~e~takg Ngqdgi mbkemgi-+ Ciq`b a~zanecengdb zb| ai ~qziedb| dai awqezb Nbmdeneþm da ~qnneþm-+ Ng|gnta|ë~teng~ a~zanëceng~ b ~etqgneþm am ig wqa ~a amnqamt|g ig iëmag wqa t|gm~zb|tg ai ciqedb da~da ai zqmtb da tbkg hg~tg ig l|edg da ~qnneþm da ig lbklgNbmdenebma~ da da~ng|fg-+ Ng|gnta|ë~teng~ a~zanëceng~ b ~etqgneþm am ig wqa ~a amnqamt|g ig iëmag wqa amsëg ai ciqedb da~da ig l|edg da da~ng|fg da ig lbklg hg~tg ai zqmtb da da~ng|fg b amt|afg dai ciqedbNbmdenebma~ da ciq`b-+ Ng|gnta|ë~teng~ dai ciqedb lg`b qmg nbmdeneþm a~zaneceng da z|a~eþm u takza|gtq|gNbmdenebma~ da bza|gneþm-+ Nbmdeneþm da z|bna~b lg`b ai nqgi da da~amsqaisa ai ~e~takg Nbmdenebma~ da ~a|seneb-+ ^etqgneþm a~zanëceng b ng|gnta|ë~teng~ lg`b ig~ nqgia~ ~a da~amsqaisa ai awqezb da lbklabNbmdenebma~ dai z|bna~b-+ Ng|gnta|ë~teng~ a~zaneceng~ lg`b ig~ nqgia~ da da~g||biig ai ciq`b dai ciqedbN|eta|eb~ da de~a÷b-+ Nbmnaztb~ cqmdgkamtgia~ da iaua~ u z|emnezeb~ wqa hgm ~edb sa|ecengdb~ u qteiepgdb~ am ~ekeig|a~ z|bna~b~Da|esgnebma~ da ciq`b-+ Dese~ebma~ b |gkgia~ da ig iëmag da nbmdqnneþm dai ciqedbDeçkat|b mbkemgi-+ Deçkat|b taþ|enb qteiepgdb zg|g ig a~zanecengneþm da iëmag~A~zanecengneþm da de~a÷b-+ Data|ke Data|kemgn mgneþm eþm da ig~ ng|gnta ng|gnta|ë~t |ë~teng~ eng~ cqmdgk cqmdgkamtgi amtgia~ a~ mana~g|e mana~g|eg~ g~ zg|g zg|g ai de~a÷b b ~aianneþm da awqezb~Ciqedb-+ ^q~tgmneg am a~tgdb iëwqedbCiqedb~ lecç~enb~-+ ^q~tgmneg z|a~amta amt|a ib~ a~tgdb~ iëwqedb u ~þiedb? ~q~tgmneg kapnig da gfqg a hed|bng|lq|b~Ciq`b da de~a÷b-+ Ciq`b da z|bna~b gcantgdb zb| qm cgntb| da de~a÷b C (C;7:!% Ciq`b da z|bna~b-+ Ngmtedg Ngmtedgd d da ciqedb ciqedb taþ|enb taþ|enb kbseåmd kbseåmdb~a b~a zg|g nqkzie| qm bl`atesb bl`atesb a~zanec a~zanecenb) enb) ~a a~zaneceng am fgibma~ zb| kemqtbCiq`b mbkemgi-+ Ciq`b a~zanecengdb zb| ai ~qziedb| dai awqezbCiq`b mb|kgi-+ Ciq`b z|bkadeb da z|bna~b da~g||biigdb dq|gmta qm emta|sgib da ~a|seneb Ciq`b sbiqkåt|enb-+ Sbiqkam da ciqedb zb| qmedgd da teakzb (fzk) ct>"~) k>"~% Ciq`b~ da |ane|nqigneþm-+ Ngmtedgd nbm~tgmta da ciqedb wqa gt|gsea~g ig lbklg u iqafb |af|a~g gi zqmtb da ~qnneþm b |a~a|sb|eb da tbkg) ~em iiafg| gi zqmtb da amt|afgIëmag da nbmdqnneþm-+ Tqla|ëg zb| ig nqgi ai ciqedb ~a t|gm~zb|tg da~da qm zqmtb hg~tg bt|b am ai a~zgnebIëmag da da~ng|fg-+ Tqla|ëg wqa sg da~da ig l|edg da da~ng|fg da ig lbklg hg~tg ai zqmtb kç~ ia`gmb b amt|afg dai ~a|senebIëmag da ~qnneþm-+ Tqla|ëg wqa sg da~da ai zqmtb da tbkg dai ciqedb hg~tg ig l|edg da ~qnneþm da ig lbklgIëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþm-+ Iëmag da ~qnneþm ieketgmta dai de~a÷bIëmag z|emnezgi da da~ng|fg-+ Iëmag da da~ng|fg ieketgmta dai de~a÷bIëwqedb~ kbmbcç~enb~-+ ^q~tgmneg~ b ciqedb~ am qm ~bib a~tgdb da ig kgta|egKçxekb ciq`b sbiqkåt|enb-+ Ciq`b kçxekb a~za|gdb dq|gmta ig sedg da ~a|seneb dai ~e~takgaxnada ig MZ^H-+ Nglapg matg da ~qnneþm zb~etesg) kg|fam zb| ai wqa ig z|a~eþm a~tçteng ibngi dai iëwqedb axnada z|a~eþm da sgzb| dai iëwqedb g ig takza|gtq|g dai z|bna~b nbmsa|tedb am tå|kemb~ da nglapg da iëwqedb-
MZ^Hd-+ MZ^H bltamedb kadegmta nçinqib~
MZ^H|-+ MZ^H a~zanecenb da qmg qmedgd da lbklab) dgtb z|bzb|nebmgdb zb| ai z|bsaadb| da ig lbklg Z|a~eþm da de~a÷b-+ Z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm gcantgdg zg|g ai de~a÷b kançmenb Z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm-+ Z|a~eþm mb|kgi z|a~amta am qm zqmtb dai ciq`b dai z|bna~bZ|a~eþm da ~qnneþm këmekg-+ Këmekg z|a~eþm nginqigdg am ig l|edg da ~qnneþm da ig lbklg) zg|g wqa mb axe~tg z|bliakg~ da lbklab Gqkamtb da z|a~eþm ~qkeme~t|gdb ~qkeme~t|gdb zb| ig lbklg zg|g nqkzie| qm bl`atesb zigmtagdb) Z|a~eþm deca|amnegi-+ Gqkamtb deca|amneg amt|a ig~ z|a~ebma~ da ~qnneþm u da~ng|fg am ig~ l|edg~ da ig lbklg-
Z|a~eþm kçxekg-+ Kçxekg z|a~eþm nginqigdg am ig l|edg da da~ng|fg da ig lbklgZ|a~eþm kçxekg da da~ng|fg-+ Kçxekg z|a~eþm |awqa|edg am ai zqmtb da amt|afg dai ciqedb) z|a~eþm a~zanecengdg zb| ai nieamtaZ|a~eþm mb|kgi-+ Z|a~eþm z|bkadeb a~za|gdg dq|gmta qm emta|sgib da teakzb da ~a|seneb da ig lbklgZ|bzeadgda~ n|ëteng~-+ Z|bzeadgda~ ieketgmta~ dai de~a÷b) z|bzeg~ da qm a~tgdb a~zanecenb da ig kgta|eg u ~bm dazamdeamta~ da ig Z|a~eþm u Takza|gtq|gZqmtb da da~ng|fg-+ Iëketa cemgi dai ~e~takg da lbklab) tgmwqa) |a~a|sb|eb) biabdqntb) nglapgi) atnDbmda ~a a~zaneceng qmg z|a~eþm cemgi |awqa|edgZqmtb da ~qnneþm-+ Iëketa emenegi dai ~e~takg da lbklab) tgmwqa) |a~a|sb|eb) biabdqntb) nglapgi) atnDbmda ~a a~zaneceng qmg z|a~eþm emenegi da ~qnneþm\gkgia~-+ Da|esgnebma~ b dese~ebma~ da qmg iëmag b tqla|ëg\anezeamta da da~ng|fg-+ Zqmtb da da~ng|fg a~zanecengdb zg|g ig amt|afg dai ciqedb\anezeamta da ~qnneþm-+ Zqmtb da ~qnneþm a~zanecengdb zg|g ig tbkg dai ciqedb^a|seneb-+ Gntesedgd wqa nqkzia ai ciqedb da z|bna~b^attemf~ da em~t|qkamtgneþm-+ Sgib|a~ kçxekb~ u këmekb~ nbibngdb~ am ib~ em~t|qkamtb~ da kadeneþm u nbmt|bi^e~takg da nbmt|bi-+ Aiakamtb~ b em~t|qkamtgneþm nbibngdg zg|g nbmt|big| ai z|bna~bTakza|gtq|g da lbklab-+ Takza|gtq|g z|bkadeb a~za|gdg dq|gmta qm emta|sgib da teakzb da ~a|seneb da qmg lbklgTakza|gtq|g da de~a÷b-+ Takza|gtq|g qteiepgdg zg|g de~a÷b kançmenb) dala zb| ib kamb~ 78ºC (7:ºN% ~qza|eb| g ig takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm kçxekg) am memfðm ng~b emca|eb| g a~tgTakza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm-+ Takza|gtq|g da lbklab dai ciqedb z|ase~tg zg|g qmg bza|gneþm mb|kgiTakza|gtq|g kçxekg da bza|gneþm-+ Takza|gtq|g kç~ gitg dai ciqedb daledb g ngkleb~ b ciqntqgnebma~ da ig takza|gtq|g mb|kgi) z|bdqntb da cgntb|a~ axta|mb~
Takza|gtq|g këmekg da bza|gneþm-+ Takza|gtq|g kç~ lg`g dai ciqedb daledb g ngkleb~ b ciqntqgnebma~ a~za|gdb~ da ig takza|gtq|g mb|kgi da bza|gneþmQmedgd da lbklab-+ Lbklg) aiakamtb qteiepgdb zg|g z|bdqne| qmg deca|amneg da z|a~ebma~Saibnedgd a|b~ebmgi-+ Saibnedgd g ig nqgi ~a z|bdqna a|b~eþm am ig~ iëmag~ da nbmdqnneþm dai ciqedb-
1- LBKL LBKLG^ G^ NAMT NAMT\Ë \ËCQ CQFG FG^ ^ Zg|g ai de~a÷b da ~a|seneb~ da lbklab ~a dalam amtamda| nig|gkamta ig~ atgzg~ da0 de~a÷b da ib~ ~a|seneb~ da lbklab u de~a÷b fiblgi dai z|bna~b? ~aianneþm da lbklg~ u de~a÷b da ig~ em~tgignebma~0 emfamea|ëg da datgiia u dgtb~ ~qkeme~t|gdb~ zb| ai cgl|engmta? ngdg atgzg emta|gntðg nbm ig~ bt|g~ u am ngdg
qmg axe~tam zg|çkat|b~ da ekzb|tgmneg wqa ~a dalam a~zaneceng|- A~ta dbnqkamtb a~ qmg fqëg g ~afqe| zg|g ai de~a÷b fiblgi dai z|bna~b-
Ngëdg da z|a~eþm da ig iëmag da ~qnneþm da~da ai |anezeamta g ig lbklg (MZ^H|-%
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Ngëdg da z|a~eþm g ciq`b na|b (~hqt bcc%
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Z|a~eþm da sgzb| g ig z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm
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\awqa|ekeamtb da nglapg
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Zbtamneg dai gnnebmgdb| (kbt|ep% Ib nqgi guqdg g tama| qmg edag nig|g da ig gziengneþm u ~a|seneb zg|g ai nqgi ~a a~tç lq~ngmdb ig qmedgd da lbklabA~tg fqëg qteiepg|g qmedgda~ dai ~e~takg emfia~ daledb g ig cgneiedgd wqa a~tb nbmiiasg) mb ~eamdb a~ta ai ieketgmta nqgmdb ~a da~aa t|glg`g| nbm qmedgda~ emta|mgnebmgia~) (|awqe|eamdb ðmengkamta da qmg ~ekzia t|gm~cb|kgneþm%
1-< Dgtb~ Dgtb~ da da nçinqi nçinqibbIb~ zg|çkat|b~ b dgtb~ cqmdgkamtgia~ wqa ~a dalam nginqig| qteiepgmdb n|eta|eb~ da de~a÷b zg|g iqafb |azb|tg| am ig a~zanecengneþm da de~a÷b ~bm0 •
Ciq`b sbiqkåt|enb) ngqdgi b ngzgnedgd da lbklab- _fzk[
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Dam~edgd g ig~ nbmdenebma~ da bza|gneþm _il"ct>[
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Z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm dai |anezeamta da ~qnneþm _Z~ef[
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Z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm dai |anezeamta da da~ng|fg- _Z~ef[
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\awqa|ekeamtb~ da ngëdg~ da z|a~eþm _Z~ed[
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\awqa|ekeamtb da nglapg da ig lbklg _ct[
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Takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm u takza|gtq|g da de~a÷b _ºC[
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Z|a~eþm da sgzb| g takza|gtq|g da lbklab _Z~eg[
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MZ^H _ct b z~eg[
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Se~nb~edgd g takza|gtq|g da lbklab _nZ[
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Z|a~amneg da ~þiedb~ am ai ciqedb
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Tezb da ceit|b qteiepgdb
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Kgta|egi da ig lbklg
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Tezb da lbklg u ~q~ ng|gnta|ë~teng~
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Tezb da gnnebmgdb| u ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ~a|seneb ^afðm GZE 37: a~ z|ane~b |agiepg| ai nçinqib zg|g ig~ deca|amta~ nbmdenebma~ da ciq`b) da axe~te| dese~ebma~ da ciq`b (|gkgia~% gfqg~ glg`b da ig lbklg ~a dala a~tgliana| ai ne|nqetb da kgub| ngëdg da z|a~eþm) qmg sap edamtecengdb) ib~ bt|b~ ne|nqetb~ a~tg|çm nbmt|bigdb~ zb| ~q sçisqig nb||a~zbmdeamta b kadegmta |adqnneþm da deçkat|b~) zg|g bltama| ig z|a~eþm wqa ~a |awqea|a am ngdg |gkgi-
3- LBKLG^ LBKLG^ DA DA DA^ZIG DA^ZIGPGK PGKEAM EAMTB TB ZB^ET ZB^ETESB ESB 3-7 LBKLG^ LBKLG^ \ANEZ\BNGM \ANEZ\BNGMTA^TA^^bm qteiepgdg~ am ~etqgnebma~ da0 •
Mana~edgd da gitg nglapg deca|amnegi nbm ngzgnedgda~ amt|a 7„<: fzk•
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^a|seneb~ da giekamtgneþm da ng|lbmgtb u gkbmeb g zigmtg~ da q|ag-
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Cbmdb~ da giwqet|çm dai c|gnnebmgdb| z|ekg|eb dai n|gwqagdb| nbm sgzb|-
•
Lbklg da |a~a|sg gita|mg zg|g ciaxeleiedgd g gitg~ se~nb~edgda~Ai ngqdgi da ciq`b acantesb da lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~ |anez|bngmta~ de~kemqua nqgmdb ig se~nb~edgd se~nb~edgd gqkamtg daledb g wqa ig saibnedgd ~a dala |adqne|Ig z|a~eþm deca|amnegi fama|gdg zb| ig~ lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~ a~ emdazamdeamta da ig dam~edgd dai ciqedb) dazamda ~bigkamta da nqgmtg cqa|pg ~a a`a|na ~bl|a ai ze~tþm- Zb| a`akzib0 ~e ig lbklg |anez|bngmta da~g||biig|g da~g||biig |g qm gqkamtb da z|a~eþm da 1:: z~e nbm qmg dam~edgd da iëwqedb da >7il"zea>) da~g|| da~g||bii biig|ç g|çm m a~ta a~ta ke~k ke~kb b gqkam gqkamtb tb da z|a~eþ z|a~eþm m nbm qmg qmg dam~ dam~edg edgd d da iëwqed iëwqedb b da 7::: 7::: of"k> of"k>)) |adqneåmdb~a ai nglapgi g ig ketgd ~e ai ngqdgi za|kgmana nbm~tgmtaA~tg~ lbklg~ ~bm qteiepgdg~ zg|g ~a|seneb~ da ibdb~ u ~q~zam~ebma~) am dbmda bt|b~ tezb~ da lbklg~ ~bm embza|glia~ b mb nbmceglia~- Ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da kgmtamekeamtb am a~tb~ ~a|seneb~ ~bm gitb~ daledb gi da~fg~ta da ig sçisqig) ai neiemd|b) ig lg||g u dai akzgwqa) za|b ig kgub| nbmcegleiedgd wqa ~a ibf|g `q~teceng ~q ~aianneþm-
3-< \adqnneþm \adqnneþm da MZ^Hd MZ^Hd Daledb Daledb g ig Zqi~gneþm da Ciq`bCiq`bIg zqi~gneþm da ciq`b g ib ig|fb da ig tqla|ëg da ~qnneþm da qmg lbklg |anez|bngmta a~ gnbkzg÷gdg da qmg gnaia|gneþm nënieng da ig zg|ta da iëwqedb wqa ~a kqasa am ig tqla|ëg- Ig ama|fëg |awqa|edg zg|g a~tg gnaia|gneþm |adqna ai MZ^H de~zbmelia de~zbmelia am ig ~qnneþm da ig lbklg- Ai MZ^Hd ~a nginqig am ig ke~kg cb|kg wqa zg|g ig~ lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~ u zg|g tbdb~ ib~ tezb~ |a~tgmta~ da lbklg~) nbm ig
axnazneþm wqa ai nglapgi da gnaia|gneþm Hg) ~a dala |a~tg| dai sgib| nginqigdb zg|g bltama| ai sgib| acantesbZb| a`akzib0 ai ciq`b da ig iëmag da ~qnneþm nbm qmg lbklg ~ekzia ngkleg da~da na|b ciq`b hg~tg gz|bxekgdgkamta qm 7<1! da ciq`b z|bkadeb dq|gmta gz|bxekgdgkamta ai 7:! dai nenib da |anb||edbZb| ib tgmtb ai iëwqedb am ig iëmag da ~qnneþm dala ~a| gnaia|gdb am :-7 ~afqmdb~ nqgmdb qmg lbklg ~a bza|g g 3: ng||a|g~ zb| kemqtb G nbmtemqgneþm ~a z|a~amtgm ig~ tbia|gmneg~ zg|g ai nglapgi da gnaia|gneþm (ct% zg|g lbklg~ ~ekzia~ kgma`gmdb ciqedb~ da se~nb~edgd lg`g) ig~ nqgia~ a~tçm lg~gdg~ am dgtb~ da z|qalg da~g||biigdb~ zb| nbm~t|qntb|a~ da lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~-
Nglapg da gnaia|gneþm am ig iëmag da ~qnneþm _ct[ Lbklg ~ekzia g 3: ng||a|g~"kem Sai- Z|bkadeb am Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag da ~qnneþm _ct[ ig iëmag da <4)5> 45)<7 61)43 58)4< ~qnneþm _ct"~[ :)45 7)67 >)<8 4)55 3)1: >)<8 3)1: 5)84 7<)55 :)58 7)56 3)1: 7<)55 75)45 <1)58 Q~a 4:! da ib~ sgib|a~ gmta|eb|a~ zg|g lbklg~ da sgzb| dblia~ u lbklg~ da zbtamneg) 7% dblia~ u t|ezia~<% Kqit Kqitez ezieiewq wqa a ib~ ib~ cgnt cgntb| b|a~ a~ gmta gmta|e |eb| b|a~ a~ zb| zb| ai ai nbn nbnea eam mta dai dai mðk mðka| a|b b da da ng| ng||a |a|g |g~~ |ag |agia ia~~ zb| zb| kemqtb desededg~ zb| 3:>% Zg|g Zg|g lbk lbklg~ lg~ da da zbt zbtam amnneg) eg) kqi kqitetezi ziew ewqa qa ib~ ib~ cgn cgntb tb|a |a~~ gmt gmta| a|eb eb|a |a~~ zb| zb| ig |aig |aignneþm eþm da da |z~ |z~ |agi |agia~ a~ desededb~ zb| :-1 (|zk desededb~ zb| >:-% 4% Ig ibm ibmf fetq etqd da da ig ig iëiëmag da da ~q ~qnneþ nneþm m zea zea~~ |a |agia~ gia~)) mb mb am am ibm ibmfe fetq tqd d aw awqesgi esgiam amta ta-Am ig tglig gmta|eb| ~a asedamneg wqa ~bm mana~g|eg~ iëmag~ da ~qnneþm nb|tg~) zg|g saibnedgda~ da ciq`b kqu lg`g~ zg|g asetg| f|gmda~ |adqnnebma~ am ai MZ^Hd daledb gi nglapgi da gnaia|gneþm-
Ai MZ^H| MZ^H| da qmg lbklg |anez|bngmta |anez|bngmta emniqua ig zå|dedg da z|a~eþm z|a~eþm zb| c|enneþm da~da ig l|edg l|edg da amt|gdg hg~tg ai neiemd|b u a~tg emciqamnegdb zb| ig saibnedgd dai iëwqedb g t|gså~ da ig sçisqig da ~qnneþm) ~qnneþm) ai za~b da ig sçisqig u ai |a~b|ta wqa dg za~b am ig sçisqigsçisqig- Ig~ lbklg~ lbklg~ |anez|bng |anez|bngmta~ mta~ anbmþkeng~ teamam qm MZ^H| tëzenb da 7< zea) zqdeåmdb~a hgiig| |awqa|ekeamtb~ da 8 g 7: zea) ~aiannebmgmdb qmg lbklg kç~ f|gmda u da kamb| saibnedgd (kgub| nb~tb%) zg|g bltama| ai ç|ag da sçisqig gdenebmgi zg|g qmg ngzgnedgd dgdg^eakz|a ~a dalam gzieng sçisqig~ da ~afq|edgd am ig da~ng|fg da lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~ zg|g ieketg| ig z|a~eþm kçxekg da da~ng|fg- Ig sçisqig da ~afq|edgd ~a dala a~zaneceng| am ig~ a~zanecengnebma~ da de~a÷b-
3-> LBKLG^ LBKLG^ DA DEGC\G DEGC\GFKGFKGZ|bdqnam qm ciq`b zqi~gmta) ~bm qteiepgdg~ qteiepgdg~ hg~tg |awqa|ekeamtb~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da nglapg nglapg da 7::: zea~ u 7:: fzk) t|glg`gm nbm ge|a nbkz|ekedb) sgzb| b gnaeta nbkb gnnebmgdb| dai degc|gfkg) zg|g å~ta ~a dala a~zaneceng| z|a~ebma~ wqa ~qza|am hg~tg zb| 71 z~e ig z|a~eþm |awqa|edg am ig da~ng|fg da ig lbklg-
3-4 LBKLG^ LBKLG^ \BTGTE \BTGTESG^ SG^-^qkeme~t|g zbtamneg da z|a~eþm gi iëwqedb zb| |btgneþm da amf|gmg`a~) tb|meiib~) iasg~) gigla~) iþlqib~ b aiakamtb~ ~ekeig|a~ ~ekeig|a~ u z|bdqna qm ciq`b mb zqi~gmta- Ai da~zigpgkeamtb da~zigpgkeamtb a~ ig ceit|gneþm da ciq`b am qmg lbklg da~da ig pbmg da z|a~eþm da da~ng|fg da |af|a~b hgneg ig pbmg da z|a~eþm da amt|gdgNqgmdb ~a |awqea|a ngqdgia~ da 31: g 7::: fzk) >1: g 1:: z~e da z|a~eþm deca|amnegi u lg`b :)<><1 ct<"~ ct<"~ b :)7A3 :)7A3 ^^Q (<73:: n^t%) n^t%) ib~ tezb~ kg~ q~gdb~ q~gdb~ ~bm da amf|gma amf|gma b da tb|meiib tb|meiib ~eamdb ~eamdb ig da amf|gma~ ig kg~ anbmþkengIg kgub|ëg da ib~ kbdaib~ da lbklg~ |btgtesg~ ~a ieketgm g 761ºN (>1:ºC% da takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm mbkemgi) daledb gi q~b da nb`emata~ emta|mb~- Axe~tam kbdaib~ da kgub| nb~tb nbm nb`emata~ axta|mb~ zg|g |gmfb~ da hg~tg 61:ºC (4::ºN %) za|b ig axza|eamneg da gziengneþm a~ kqu ieketgdg g takza|gtq|g~ ~qza|eb|a~ g ib~ 3<1ºC (>>:ºN%Ig~ lbklg~ da amf|gmg`a~ ~bm kç~ ~am~elia~ g ib~ ~þiedb~ wqa ig~ lbklg~ da tb|meiib- A~tg~ ðitekg~ zqadam tëzengkamta da`g| zg~g| zg|tënqig~ nbm deçkat|b~ da hg~tg da <-1 kk ~em ~qc|e| dg÷b~ ~efmecengtesb~) ~eakz|a wqa ig ngmtedgd u ig gl|g~esedgd da ig~ zg|tënqig~ ~ag lg`gMb|kgikamta) ig~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ ~a dalam a~zaneceng| ~þib zg|g ~a|seneb~ iekzeb~- ^e ~a a~za|g wqa ai nbmtamedb da ~þiedb~ axnadg da qm :-7! am za~b) ~a dalam a~zaneceng| ai tezb da nbm~t|qnneþm da amf|gmg`a~ da de~t|elqneþm u nb`emata~ axta|mb~- Ib~ a~zanegie~tg~ da kçwqemg~ dalam ~a| nbm~qitgdb~ am nqgmtb g ig~ gziengnebma~ zg|g ~a|seneb ~qnebIg~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ teamam sgib|a~ da MZ^H| sg|eglia~) gi efqgi wqa ig~ namt|ëcqfg~) q~qgikamta ~a zqadam bltama| lbklg~ anbmþkeng~ nbm |awqa|ekeamtb~ da 7: zea (> k % Tgkleåm ~a zqadam bltama| |awqa|ekeamtb~ tgm lg`b~ nbkb 7-1 k (1 zea%) za|b z|blgliakamta ~a |awqa|e|ç qmg saibnedgd |adqnedg u qm de~a÷b da z|btanneþm u) zb| ib tgmtb) qm nb~tb gdenebmgiIg~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ zg|g gziengnebma~ da |acema|ëg a~tçm de~zbmelia~ am |gmfb~ da 7 g 1::: fzk (:-:3 g >71 dk>"~ % u zg|g z|a~ebma~ deca|amnegia~ deca|amnegia~ da hg~tg >::: z~e (<7:::oZg%- Mb|kgikamta Mb|kgikamta a~tçm ieketgdg ieketgdg~~ g ~a|seneb ~a|seneb~~ nbm ciqedb~ ciqedb~ dakg~eg dakg~egdb db se~nb~b se~nb~b~~ zg|g ~a| kgma`gd kgma`gdb~ b~ anbmþken anbmþkengka gkamta mta zb| lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~ b da bt|b tezb) tgia~ nbkb gnaeta~ nbklq~telia~ za~gdb~) iql|engmta~) f|g~g~ u g~cgitb- Ig~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ wqa kgma`gm iëwqedb~ zb| dalg`b da :)661 ct<"h b 7:: ^^Q (<: n^t% zqadam tama| qm da~fg~ta axna~esb u cqfg~ emta|mg~- A~ta da~fg~ta) daledb g ig~ z|bzeadgda~ iql|engmta~ emgdanqgdg~ emgdanqgdg~ dai iëwqedb) a~ zg|tenqig|kamta ~a|eb am gwqaiib~ de~a÷b~ wqa teamam nb`emata~ emta|mb~) amf|gmg`a~ da nalgdb emta|mb~) b dbmda qm aiakamtb emta|mb gnnebmg bt|b~ aiakamtb~ da lbklab- Ig~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ mb ~bm gztg~ zg|g kgma`g| ciqedb~ nbm ngmtedgda~ gz|aneglia~ da ~þiedb~ ~þiedb~ dq|b~ b gl|g~es gl|g~esb~b~- Zg|g ~a|seneb~ ~a|seneb~ da gitg se~nb~ed se~nb~edgd) gd) tgia~ tgia~ nbkb ai da g~cgitb) g~cgitb) ~a dala dala de~zbma da ngke~g~ da ngiamtgkeamtbIg~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ ~a q~gm am ib~ de~zam~gdb|a~ da fg~biemg) lbklg~ da da~ng|fg da ngkebma~ (emniquamdb FIZ%) atn-) dbmda ai |awqa|ekeamtb da cgntb| da ~a|seneb a~ lg`b) ai deca|amnegi da z|a~eþm a~ lg`b) ~a |awqea|a gqtb„nalgdb (bng~ebmgikamta% u ai kgmtamekeamtb q~qgikamta nbm~e~ta am ig ~q~tetqneþm |çzedg da ig lbklg-
3-1 LBKLG^ LBKLG^ DB^EC DB^ECENGDB\ ENGDB\G^G^^a q~gm zg|g ai nbmt|bi z|ane~b da ngqdgia~ lg`b~ da ciqedb amt|a :)7 g 4: fzk) a~tg z|ane~eþm zqada kgmtama|~a am /"+7)1!- Ai |awqa|ekeamtb dai kbtb| zbng~ sana~ ~qza|g ib~ 1 Hz- Ai ~e~takg da
nbmt|bi dala ~a| de~a÷gdb zg|g nbmt|big| ig |aigneþm da z|bzb|neþm da gdetesb~ emuantgdb~ am ig~ nb||eamta~ da ciq`b) a~tg~ lbklg~ tgkleåm ~bm iigkgdg~ da sbiqkam nbmt|bigdb- Ib~ de~a÷b~ kg~ qteiepgdb~ ~bm0 da åklbib akzgngdb u degc|gfkgIg sg|egneþm da ngzgnedgd ~a ibf|g kadegmta da qm |ag`q~ta kgmqgi dai |anb||edb dai ze~tþm- Daledb gi ciq`b zqi~gmta da a~tg~ lbklg~ mb a~ nbkðm ig qteiepgneþm da kadedb|a~ da ciq`b nbmsamnebmgia~) nbmsamnebmgia~) zg|g ibf|g| a~tb ~a dala nbibng| qmg nbiqkmg da ngiel|gneþm am ig iëmag da ~qnneþm^bm q~gdg~ nbm ~a|seneb~ iekzeb~ zg|g asetg| tgzbmgkeamtb~) teamam qm MZ^H| këmekb da 71 zea~zea~- ^a dala de~zbma| da iëmag~ da ~qnneþm ~bl|adekam~ebmgdg~ ~bl|adekam~ebmgdg~ u nb|tg~ zg|g tama| sgib|a~ da MZ^Hd lg`b) teamam <:! da aceneamneg tëzeng) ~a zqada efmb|g| ib~ acantb~ da ig se~nb~edgd ~bl|a ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da zbtamnegQm dgtb ekzb|tgmta ~a |acea|a g ig qteiepgneþm da sçisqig~ |afqigdb|g~ |afqigdb|g~ da z|a~eþm) nqgmdb ig z|a~eþm da da~ng|fg mb axnada am zb| ib kamb~ 7: z~e g ig z|a~eþm da ~qnneþm) ig bza|gneþm u ai teakzb da ~a|seneb da a~ta tezb da lbklg~ ~a sam d|ç~tengkamta |adqnedb~) gdakç~ ~e ig z|a~eþm da ~qnneþm axnada ig z|a~eþm da da~ng|fg zqadam z|bdqne|~a da||gka~ da ciq`b g t|gså~ da ig lbklg nqgmdb a~tç zg|gdg- Zg|g asetg| a~tg~ nbmdenebma~ a~ mana~g|eb ig qlengneþm da qmg sçisqig |afqigdb|g da z|a~eþm gfqg~ g||elg) ig nqgi dala ~a| a~zanecengdg u ~a| ~qkeme~t|gdg zb| ai ~qziedb| da ig lbklg-
3-3 Z\BNADEKEA Z\BNADEKEAMTB MTB DA DE^A× DE^A×B B
7- Data|kemg| ai ngqdgi da z|bna~b) zbma| gtamneþm g ig~ sg|egnebma~ da å~ta wqa zqadgm axe~te|? data|kemg| ai sgib| dai ngqdgi mbkemgi) ai sgib| ngqdgi kçxekb u këmekb- Data|kemg| ciq`b~ da |ane|nqigneþm ~e ~a z|ane~g|gm-
<- Data|kem Data|kemg| g| ai acantb acantb dai ~e~takg ~e~takg da nbmt|bi nbmt|bi a em~t|qk em~t|qkamtg amtgneþm neþm ~bl|a ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb |awqa|ekeamtb~~ da cqmnebmgkeamtb da ig lbklg-
>- Data|kemg| ig~ z|bzeadgda~ n|ëteng~ dai ciqedb0 •
Takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm (T%0
•
F|gsadgd a~zaneceng ^F J T da bza|gneþm (^f%
•
Dam~ Dam~edg edgd d J T da da bza|g bza|gneþ neþm m ( %
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Se~n Se~nb~ b~edg edgd d J T da bza bza|gn |gneþm eþm ( %-
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Z|a~eþm da sgzb| J Z)T (Zs%
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Z|a~eþm gtkb~cå|eng (Zgtk%0
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Ngqdgi mbkemgi (Wm%
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Kçxekb ngqdgi da de~a÷b (W%
^e ig takza|gtq|g sg|eg nbm~eda|gliakamta am ig bza|gneþm) ~a dala tama| nqedgdb da a~zaneceng| ig~ z|bzeadgda~ g ig~ deca|amta~ nbmdenebma~ da å~tg-
4- Data|kemg| ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ~qnneþm dai ~e~takg da lbklab Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþm (I~%0 Deçkat|b mbkemgi da ig iëmag z|emnezgi (C~%0 Z|a~eþm am ai |anezeamta da ~qnneþm (Zb% Nglapg këmekg da ~qnneþm (H~%
Zå|de Zå|dedg dg~~ zb| zb| c|en c|enneþ neþm m ( Zc|en% Ngëdg Ngëdg da z|a~ z|a~eþm eþm am ib~ ib~ ceit ceit|b~ |b~ (Z~t% Z~t%
1- Data|kemg| ig~ nbmdenebma~ da da~ng|fg da ig iëmag ieketgmta da de~a÷b •
Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag da da~ng|fg (Id%-
•
Deçk Deçkat at|b |b mbk mbkem emgi gi ( d%-
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Z|a~eþm am ai zqmtb da da~ng|fg (Zc%-
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Nglapg kçxekg da da~ng|fg (Hd%-
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Ngëdg Ngëdg da da z|a~eþ z|a~eþm m am ib~ ib~ awqez awqezb~ b~ (Zcaw%Zcaw%-
Ngëdg Ngëdg da z|a~ z|a~eþm eþm am sçis sçisqi qig~ g~ (Zcgn% Zcgn%
3- Nginqig| ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ~qnneþm de~zbmelia MZ^Hd 6- Nginqig| ig z|a~eþm da ~qnneþm këmekg 8- Nginqig| ai |awqa|ekeamtb da z|a~eþm da da~ng|fg zg|g ig lbklg 5- Nginqig| ig z|a~eþm deca|amnegi u nbmsa|te|ib g nglapg deca|amnegi (TDH%7:- Data|kemg| ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da zbtamneg 77- ^aiannebmg| ai tezb da lbklg u ai kadeb kbt|ep 7<- Dbnqkamtg| ai de~a÷b
3-6 NGQDGI DA CIQ@B DAI Z\BNA^BAi sgib| dai ngqdgi ~a|ç bltamedb dai |awqa|ekeamtb |awqa|ekeamtb emenegi dai nieamta u `qmtb nbm ai ç|ag da ig iëmag da nbmdqnneþm) dalam a~tg| gnb|da nbm n|eta|eb~ da de~a÷b nbkb ig saibnedgd a|b~ebmgi u ig ngëdg da z|a~eþm kçxekg za|ke~elia Hgu wqa gnig|g| wqa z|aseb g ig ~aianneþm da ig qmedgd da lbklab ~a lala hgla| a~zanecengdb ig~ dekam~ebma~ dekam~ebma~ tamtgtesg~ dai dai deçkat|b da ngdg t|gkb u ngdg |gkgi da ig tqla|ëg tgmtb am ig ~qnneþm nbkb am ig da~ng|fg- Zg|g a~tb ~a qteiepg|ç GZE 74A
3-8 SÇISQIG DA GIESEB U NBMT\BI DA NGQDGI Ig~ lbklg~ da da~zigpgkeamtb da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb u ig~ lbklg~ namt|ecqfg~ bza|gm lg`b z|emnezeb~ deca|amta~) deca|amta~) zb| ib wqa ~a dala deca|amneg| ib~ tå|kemb~ qteiepgdb~ zg|g ngdg ng~b) am a~zanegi gi hglig| da z|a~ebma~Ig~ lbklg~ namt|ecqfg~ ~bm kçwqemg~ da saibnedgd) ai ciqedb wqa a~ lbklagdb a~ de|efedb hgneg ai namt|b da qm ekzqi~b| da~da dbmda a~ gnaia|gdb g qmg f|gm saibnedgd) ig ng|ng~g da ig lbklg nbmsea|ta ig gitg saibnedgd am z|a~eþm- Daledb g a~tb ig z|a~eþm zqada ~a| kadedg am qmedgda~ da ibmfetqd dai ciqedb ekzqi~gdb (nglapg b gitq|g dai ciqedb lbklagdb%Qmg lbklg da da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb mb fama|g z|a~eþm emn|akamtgmdb ig saibnedgd dai ciqedb) am iqfg| da a~tb ig~ lbklg~ nbmsea|tam ai kbsekeamtb da |btgneþm u tb|wqa am kbsekeamtb iemag| dai ciqedb u cqa|pg) fama|gmdb qm ciq`b sg|eglia am ig da~ng|fg am ai ng~b da lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~Ig~ lbklg~ da da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb mb teamam qmg ieketgneþm am ig z|a~eþm da da~ng|fg) a~tg ðmengkamta |a~zbmda gi ~e~takg da lbklab u a~cqa|pb kçxekb dai kbtb|) zb| ib wqa |awqea|am qm ~e~takg da nbmt|bi am ig da~ng|fg u qmg sçisqig da gieseb zg|g z|asame| ai dg÷b tgmtb da ib~
kangme~kb~ da ig lbklg) iëmag~ da lbklab b kbtb|- Ig ka`b| kgma|g da nbmt|big| ai ciq`b a~ qteiepgmdb ngqdgia~ da |atb|mb nbmt|bigdb~ zb| sçisqig~ da ciq`b u kadedb|a~ da z|a~eþm-
\atb|mb dai ciqedb g ig ~qnneþmA~ qteiepgdb am ~etqgnebma~ dbmda a~ decënei ai |atb|mb dai ciqedb gi tgmwqa da ~qnneþm b zb| |gpbma~ anbmþkeng~) a~ta kåtbdb dala ~a| nqedgdb~gkamta gmgiepgdb daledb g ig fama|gneþm da ngib| am ai ~e~takg da lbklab u g ig de~kemqneþm dai MZ^H de~zbmelia zb| gqkamtb da takza|gtq|g-
\atb|mb dai ciqedb gi tgmwqa da ~qnneþm-+ A~ ai kåtbdb kåtbdb |anbkamdgd |anbkamdgdb) b) ~a dala dala tbkg| tbkg| am nqamtg ng|gnta|ë~ ng|gnta|ë~teng teng~~ anbmþkeng~ anbmþkeng~ am ig iëmag iëmag da |atb|mb-
6- LBKL LBKLG^ G^ NAMT NAMT\Ë \ËCQ CQFG FG^ ^ 6-7 Z\BNADEKEA Z\BNADEKEAMTB MTB DA DE^A× DE^A×B B 7- Data|kemg| ig~ z|bzeadgda~ dai ciqedb g ~a| kgma`gdb zb| ig lbklg0 •
Takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm (T%0 ^e ig takza|gtq|g sg|eg nbm~eda|gliakamta am ig bza|gneþm) ~a dala tama| nqedgdb da a~zaneceng| ig~ z|bzeadgda~ g ig~ deca|amta~ nbmdenebma~ da å~tg) u nbm~eda|g| ai ng~b kç~ n|ëtenb-
•
F|gsadgd a~zaneceng ^F J T da bza|gneþm (^f%
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Dam~edgd J T da bza|gneþm ( χ%
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Se~nb~edgd J T da bza|gneþm ( ±%-
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Z|a~eþm da sgzb| J Z)T (Zs%
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Z|a~eþm gtkb~cå|eng (Zgtk%0
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Ngqdgi mbkemgi (Wm%
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Kçxekb ngqdgi da de~a÷b (W% <- Data|kemg| ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ~qnneþm dai ~e~takg da lbklab
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Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþm (I~%0
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Deçk Deçkat| at|b b mbkemg mbkemgii da ig iëma iëmag g z|emne z|emnezg zgii (~%0
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Z|a~eþm am ai |anezeamta da ~qnneþm (Zb%
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Nglapg këmekg da ~qnneþm (H~%
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Zå|dedg~ zb| c|enneþm (∃Zc~%
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Ngëdg da z|a~eþm am ib~ ceit|b~ (∃Z~t% >- Data|kemg| Data|kemg| ig~ nbmdenebma~ nbmdenebma~ da da~ng|fg da~ng|fg da ig iëmag ieketgmta da de~a÷b de~a÷b (iëmag z|emnezgi% z|emnezgi%
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Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag da da~ng|fg (Id%-
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Deçkat|b mbkemgi (Σd%-
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Z|a~eþm |awqa|edg am ai zqmtb da da~ng|fg (Zc%-
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Nglapg kçxekg da da~ng|fg (Hd%-
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Ngëdg da z|a~eþm am ib~ awqezb~ (∃Zcaw%-
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Zå|dedg~ zb| c|enneþm (∃Zctql%-
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Ngëdg da z|a~eþm am sçisqig~ (∃Zcgn% 4- Data|kemg| Data|kemg| ai ngqdgi ngqdgi g ~a| ~a| kgma`gdb kgma`gdb zb| ig lbklg u ig~ sg|egnebma~ sg|egnebma~ wqa zqadgm zqadgm axe~te|? sgib| mbkemgi) mbkemgi) kçxekb u këmekb? u) ciq`b da |ane|nqigneþm ~e a~ mana~g|eb1- Data|kemg| Data|kemg| ~e~takg~ ~e~takg~ da da nbmt|bi nbmt|bi a em~t|qkamtgneþm em~t|qkamtgneþm zg|g cqmnebmgk cqmnebmgkeamtb eamtb da ig lbklglbklg3- Nginqig Nginqig|| ig~ nbmden nbmdenebma ebma~~ da ~qnneþ ~qnneþm m de~zbmel de~zbmelia ia MZ^Hd MZ^Hd 6- Ngin Nginqig qig|| ig z|a~e z|a~eþm þm da ~qn ~qnneþ neþm m këmek këmekg g 8- Nginqig Nginqig|| ai |awqa|e |awqa|ekeam keamtb tb da z|a~eþm z|a~eþm da da da~ng|fg da~ng|fg zg|g zg|g ig lbkl lbklg g 5- Nginqig Nginqig|| ig z|a~eþm z|a~eþm deca|amne deca|amnegi gi u nbmsa|te|i nbmsa|te|ib b g nglapg deca|a deca|amne mnegi gi (TDH%(TDH%7:- Data|kemg| Data|kemg| ig zbtamneg zbtamneg aiånt|eng aiånt|eng |awqa|edg|awqa|edg77- ^aiannebmg| ^aiannebmg| ai tezb tezb da lbklg lbklg u ai kadeb kadeb kbt|ep 7<- Dbnqkamt Dbnqkamtg| g| ai de~a÷ de~a÷b b
6-< NGQDGI NGQDGI DA Z\BN Z\BNA^B A^B-Ai sgib| dai ngqdgi ~a|ç bltamedb dai |awqa|ekeamtb dai z|bna~b u `qmtb nbm ai ç|ag da ig iëmag da nbmdqnneþm) nbmdqnneþm) dalam a~tg| gnb|da nbm n|eta|eb~ da de~a÷b nbkb ig saibnedgd a|b~ebmgi a|b~ebmgi u ig ngëdg da z|a~eþm kçxekg za|ke~eliaHgu wqa gnig|g| wqa z|aseb g ig ~aianneþm da ig qmedgd da lbklab ~a dala hgla| a~zanecengdb ig~ dekam~ebma~ tamtgtesg~ dai deçkat|b da ngdg t|gkb u ngdg |gkgi da ig tqla|ëg tgmtb am ig ~qnneþm nbkb am ig da~ng|fg- Zg|g a~tb ~a qteiepg|ç GZE 74A
6-> Z\BTANNEB Z\BTANNEBMA^ MA^ DAI DAI ^E^TAKG ^E^TAKG Da gnqa|db nbm ig Mb|kg GZE 74N) ig~ z|btannebma~ wqa teama ai ~e~takg ~bm ig~ wqa dalam asetg| ig~ ~efqeamta~ nbmdenebma~0 Ngsetgneþm ^bl|az|a~eþm Cqfg~ A~ mana~g|eb data|kemg| ai acantb dai ~e~takg da nbmt|bi ~bl|a ai nbkzb|tgkeamtb da ig lbklg? ai ~e~takg da nbmt|bi kgma`g ai ~e~takg da lbklab gqkamtgmdb b de~kemquamdb ai ciq`b gcantgmdb ig aceneamneg da ig lbklg) zb| ib tgmtb ~a dala tama| z|a~amta sgib|a~ kçxekb~ u këmekb~ (~atab da e m~t|qkamtgneþm% m~t|qkamtgneþm% da ib~ ~e~takg~ da nbmt|bi zg|g z|bsaa| a~tb~ ngkleb~ am ai t|glg`b dai awqezb-
Ib~ sgib|a~ kçxekb~ u këmekb~ za|ke~elia~ am ai ~e~takg z|bzb|nebmgm ai |gmfb zg|g ai nqgi ig lbklg zqada t|glg`g| ~em gcantgnebma~ nbm~eda|glia~ da ~q aceneamneg- Sa| ngzëtqib nb||a~zbmdeamtaZg|g Zg|g ig Em~t|qkam Em~t|qkamtgneþ tgneþm m ~a ~efqam ig~ |anbkamdg |anbkamdgnebm nebma~ a~ GZE GZE \Z 74N) Damt|b da ig em~t|qkamtg em~t|qkamtgneþm neþm |anbkamdgdg ~a dala z|asa| nbkb këmekb ib~ ~efqeamta~ aiakamtb~0
6-4 De~zb~etesb~ De~zb~etesb~ da da ~afq|edgd ~afq|edgd zg|g zg|g ig z|a~eþm z|a~eþm ^am~b|a~) ~) emdengd emdengdb|a~ b|a~)) t|gm~ke~ t|gm~ke~b|a~ b|a~ a emta||qz emta||qztb|a tb|a~~ dalam dalam a~tg| a~tg| Gitg Gitg u lg`g lg`g z|a~ z|a~eþm eþm-+ ^am~b|a z|a~amta~ am tbdg~ ig~ gziengnebma~ zg|g hed|bng|lq|b~ tgmtb am ig iëmag da ~qnneþm nbkb am ig iëmag da da~ng|fg? zg|g gziengnebma~ deca|amta~ zb| ib kamb~ dalam axe~te| emta||qztb|a~ zg|g gntesg| b da~gntesg| ai ~e~takg am ng~b~ tgmtb da lg`g z|a~eþm am ig ~qnneþm nbkb ~bl|a+ z|a~eþm am ig da~ng|fg) mb a~ mana~g|eb ig qteiepgneþm da sçisqig~ da gieseb da z|a~eþm am ig qteiepgneþm da lbklg~ namt|ecqfg~Nbmt|bi da ciq`b-+ A~ ekzb|tgmta ig qteiepgneþm da qmg sçisqig nhano zg|g asetg| ai |atb|mb b sgnegdb tbtgi da ig~ iëmag~ da da~ng|fg b iëmag~ da |atb|mb da ciqedb@qmtb g ig sçisqig nhano a~ mana~g|eb ig qteiepgneþm da qmg sçisqig da libwqab zg|g za|kete| amt|a bt|g~ nb~g~ ai kgmtamekeamtb da ig qmedgd da lbklabA~ mana mana~g ~g|eb |eb ig qteiep qteiepgn gneþm eþm da de~zb de~zb~et ~etesb esb~~ da nbmt|b nbmt|bii da ciq`b ciq`b na|ng na|ng da ig ~gied ~giedg g dai nbkzbmamta da gikgnamgkeamtb (tgmwqa) |anezeamta) ~azg|gdb|) atn% dai nqgi ~a blteama ai ciqedb wqa ~a de|efa g ig qmedgd a lbklab) daledb g ig mana~edgd da qm zg|b tbtgi dai ~e~takg am ~etqgnebma~ da kgmtamekeamtb dai ~e~takg b zg|b~ da aka|famneg) ~eamdb da~aglia ai nbmt|bi da amt|gdg da ciq`b zg|g ngdg qmedgd da lbklab-
6-1 \awqa|ekeam \awqa|ekeamtb~ tb~ këmekb~ këmekb~ da em~t|qkamtgneþ em~t|qkamtgneþm m Am ai ~efqeamta a~wqakg ~a z|a~amtgm ib~ këmekb~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da em~t|qkamtgneþm am ai ~e~takg da lbklab) hgu wqa gnig|g| wqa ig |az|a~amtgneþm mb a~ da gziengneþm |ëfedg zg|g qm ~a|seneb a~zanecenb) ib wqa ~a lq~ng a~ |anb|dg| ib~ deca|amta~ em~t|qkamtb~ qteiepgdb~ u ~q qlengneþm am ~e~takg~ da lbklab-
8- Z\BZ Z\BZEA EADG DGDA DA^ ^ DAI CIQE CIQEDB DB-Ig~ z|bzeadgda~ dai ciqedb ~bm ng|gnta|ë~teng~ z|bzeg~ da ig nbkzb~eneþm) nbmdenebma~ da z|a~eþm u takza|gtq|g u iqfg| fabf|çcenbZg|g qm gmçie~e~ hed|çqienb nbkziatb ~a |awqea|a ai gmçie~e~ cë~enb u wqëkenb dai ciqedb g ~a| kgma`gdb am ai z|buantbAmt|a bt|g~ z|bzeadgda~ wqa ~a |awqea|am zg|g ai gmçie~e~ hed|çqienb) da qm iglb|gtb|eb na|tecengdb ~a teamam ig~ ~efqeamta~0 g%
Takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm (T%
A~ ig takza|gtq|g mbkemgi g ig nqgi bnq||a ai z|bna~b- ^a dalam tbkg| am nqamtg sg|egnebma~ ~efmecengtesg~ da takza|gtq|g) ig~ nbmdenebma~ axt|akg~ da takza|gtq|g am ~a|seneb~ da lbklab dalam ~a| a~zanecengdb~ a~zanecengdb~ zg|g z|bnada| gi nçinqib lg`b a~tg~ nbmdenebma~nbmdenebma~- ^a qteiepg f|gdb~ Cgh|amhaet _ºC[ þ ~q awqesgiamta am f|gdb~ Nai~eq~ _ºN[ l%
F|gs |gsadgd adgd a~za a~zane nececeng ng ^F J T da bza| bza|gn gneþ eþm m (^f% (^f%-+ -+
F|gsadgd a~zaneceng a~zaneceng dai ciqedb dai z|bna~b- A~ qm zg|çkat|b gdekam~ebmgi gdekam~ebmgi dazamdeamta da ig z|a~eþm u takza|gtq|g-
n%
Dam~edgd J T da bza|gneþm (χ%-+
A~zaneceng| ig dam~edgd g ig~ nbmdenebma~0 Takza|gtq|g u z|a~eþm da bza|gneþm) ig dam~edgd gcantg de|antgkamta ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da nglapg) ai ciq`b kç~enb zg|g qm ngqdgi dgdb u ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da zbtamneg- ^a qteiepg|ç iel|g~+kg~g ~bl|a zea~ nðlenb~ _il"ct>[d%
Se~nb~edgd J T da bza|gneþm (±%-+
^a a~zaneceng ig se~nb~edgd demçkeng dai ciqedb g ig~ nbmdenebma~ dai z|bna~b) å~tg gcantg de|antgkamta g ig ~aianneþm dai tezb da lbklg) ig aceneamneg u ng|gnta|ë~teng~ da nglapg+ngzgnedgd) gdakç~ emdeng ~e ~a |awqa|e|ç da awqezb gdenebmgi zg|g ngiamtg| ai ~e~takg- ^a qteiepg|ç namteZbe~a _nZ[ a%
Z|a~eþm da sgzb| J Z)T (Zs%-+
A~ qm zg|çkat|b da kqnhg ekzb|tgmneg) ai sgib| bltamedb z|bseama da dgtb~ axza|ekamtgia~ u ~a amnqamt|g tglqigdb zg|g deca|amta~ ciqedb~) hgu wqa gnig|g| wqa ig z|a~eþm da sgzb| dazamda da ig takza|gtq|g da bza|gneþm dai ciqedb- ^a qteiepg|ç iel|g~+cqa|pg ~bl|a zqifgdg nqgd|gdg gl~biqtg~ _Z~eg[
5- NBMD NBMDEN ENEÞ EÞM M DA DA ^QN ^QNNE NEÞM ÞM g% Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþm ~qnneþm (I~% Data|kemg| ig de~tgmneg wqa ig~ kbiånqig~ dai ciqedb |anb||am da~da ai zqmtb da ~qnneþm q b|efam dai ~e~takg (|a~a|sb|eb) tgmwqa) |anezeamta) |ëb) zbpb) atn% hg~tg ig lbng da ~qnneþm da ig lbklg- ^a qteiepg|ç zea~ _ct[ þ ~q awqesgiamta am kat|b~ _k[ l% Deçkat|b Deçkat|b mbkemgi mbkemgi (iëmag (iëmag z|emnezgi z|emnezgi%% (Ø~% Data|kemg| ai deçkat|b mbkemgi z|bkadeb da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþm dai ~e~takg da lbklab) da axe~te| deca|amta~ ~annebma~ (deçkat|b~% am ig iëmag) ~a dalam datgiig| ngdg qmb da ib~ t|gkb~ da ~anneþm nbm~tgmta nbm~tgmta `qmtb nbm ~q ibmfetqd) a~tb~ dgtb~ ~a gmaxg|gm am qmg kakb|eg cemgi da nçinqib) ~a dala emdeng| a~tb kadegmta qmg mbtg wqa emdewqa ai mðka|b da gmaxb- ^a qteiepg|ç zqifgdg~ (<1-4 kk%n% Z|a~eþm Z|a~eþm am ai ai |anezeamt |anezeamta a da ~qnneþm ~qnneþm (Zb%-+ (Zb%-+ A~ ig z|a~eþm am ai zqmtb da b|efam dai ~e~takg da lbklab) å~ta dgtb wqa ~a teama z|aseb ig |agiepgneþm da nçinqib~) dala a~tg| a~zanecengdb am ig~ lg~a~ da de~a÷b u nbkz|amdedb gmta~ da emeneg| nçinqib~- ^a qteiepg|ç iel|g~+cqa|pg ~bl|a zqifgdg~ nqgd|gdg~ kgmbkåt|eng~ _Z~ef[ d% Nglapgi Nglapgi këmek këmekb b da ~qnneþm ~qnneþm (H~%-+ (H~%-+ ^a data|kemg ig aiasgneþm wqa teama da~da ig lbklg b zqmtb da |aca|amneg hg~tg ai këmekb mesai am ai |a~a|sb|eb b tgmwqa b zqmtb emenegi da ~qnneþm) a~ qm sgib| cqmdgkamtgi zg|g ig data|kemgneþm da ig z|a~eþm këmekg da ~qnneþm u zb| amda zg|g ig nbibngneþm u ~atab da em~t|qkamtgneþm- ^a qteiepg|ç zea~ _ct[
a% Ngëdg~ Ngëdg~ da z|a~eþm z|a~eþm u zå|dedg~ zå|dedg~ zb| c|enne c|enneþm-+ þm-+ Dalam ~a| nginqigdb~ tbdg~ ig~ zå|dedg~ da z|a~eþm bng~ebmgdg~ bng~ebmgdg~ zb| ai ciq`b dai ciqedb g t|gså~ da ib~ deca|amta~ de~zb~etesb~ u gnna~b|eb~ da ig~ iëmag~ tgmtb da ~qnneþm nbkb da da~ng|fg Gntqgikamta ig~ ngëdg~ da z|a~eþm am a~tb~ gnna~b|eb~ ~bm cçneia~ da nginqig| u mb gka|etg) am a~tg fqëg) ~a| a~zanecengdb ~q nçinqib datgiigdgkamtaIb~ nçinq nçinqib ib~~ da ngëdg~ ngëdg~ da z|a~e z|a~eþm þm ~a|çm ~a|çm bltame bltamedg dg~~ zb| zb| kadeb kadeb da ~bctv ~bctvg|a g|a nbkz nbkzqtg qtgneb nebmg mgii a~zanegiepgdb u ~q nçinqib ~a|ç gmaxgdb am qmg kakb|eg cemgi da nçinqib- ^a qteiepg|ç iel|g~"cqa|pg ~bl|a zqifgdg nqgd|gdg deca|amnegia~ _Z~ed[
7:-NBMDENEÞM DA DA^NG\FG-
g%
Ibmfetqd da ig iëmag da da~ng|fg (Id%-+ Data|kemg| Data|kemg| ig de~tgmneg wqa ig~ kbiånqig~ dai ciqedb |anb||am da~da ig lbng da da~ng|fg da ig lbklg hg~tg ai zqmtb cemgi da amt|afg dai ciqedb (tgmwqa) |anezeamta) |a~a|sb|eb) biabdqntb) atn%) ~e axe~tea|gm dese~ebma~ da ciq`b ~a dala a~tgliana| ai |gkgi da kgub| ngëdg da z|a~eþm u zb| ib tgmtb a~zaneceng| a~tg de~tgmneg- Tbdb~ ib~ |gkgia~ ~a|çm gmaxgdb~ gmaxgdb~ am qmg kakb|eg da nçinqib am ig nqgi ~a datgiig|gm ibmfetqda~ u deçkat|b~ da ngdg qmb) a~ z|aca|elia kb~t|g| qm zigmb e~bkåt|enb b qm a~wqakg dai ~e~takg- Nqgmdb axe~tam sg|eg~ iëmag~ nbm ciq`b~ ekzb|tgmta~ ~a a~zaneceng|ç a~tb u ib~ nçinqib~ ~a |agiepg|çm data|kemgmdb data|kemgmdb zå|dedg~ tbtgia~ da ig~ tqla|ëg~ u amnbmt|gmdb amnbmt|gmdb qm zqmtb am nbkðm am dbmda ~a nginqig|ç ig z|a~eþm |awqa|edg- ^a qteiepg|ç zea~ _ct[ þ kat|b~ _k[
l%
Deçkat|b mbkemgi (iëmag z|emnezgi% (~%-+ Data|kemg| ai deçkat|b mbkemgi z|bkadeb da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da da~ng|fg dai ~e~takg da lbklab) da axe~te| deca|amta~ ~annebma~ (deçkat|b~% am ig iëmag da da~ng|fg) ~a dalam datgiig| ngdg qmb da ib~ t|gkb~ da ~anneþm nbm~tgmta `qmtb nbm ~q ibmfetqd) a~tb~ dgtb~ ~a gmaxg|çm am ig kakb|eg cemgi da nçinqib) ~a dala emdeng| a~tb kadegmta qmg mbtg wqa emdewqa ai mðka|b da gmaxb- ^a qteiepg|ç zqifgdg~ _zqif[ þ am data|kemgdg~ ibngnebma~ ~a qteiepg keiëkat|b~ _kk[
n%
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71-DATA\KEMGNEÞM DA IB^ \AWQA\EKEAMTB^ DA ZBTAMNEG 71-7 71-7
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76-KAKB\EG DA NÇINQIB A^TGMDG\EPGDG Ig dbnqkamtgneþm wqa mana~etg ai de~a÷b dai ~e~takg da lbklab dala dbnqkamtg|~a am qmg kakb|eg da nçinqib am ig nqgi nbm~ta zb| ib këmekb ib~ ~efqeamta~ zg|çkat|b~0 EMT\BDQNNEÞM GINGMNAN\ETA\EB^ DA DE^A×BDGTB^NÇINQIB^\A^QITGDB^BL^A\SGNEBMA^NBMNIQ^EBMA^ U \ANBKAMDGNEBMA^DBNQKAMTB^ DA \ACA\AMNEG GMAXB^- Damt|b da ib~ gmaxb~ ib~ dbnqkamtb~ këmekb~ |awqa|edb~ ~bm0 b
Gmaxb 7- Z|bzeadgda~ cë~enb+wqëkeng~ dai ciqedb
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^a dala deca|amneg| nig|gkamta amt|a ib~ sgib|a~ nginqigdb~ u da de~a÷b) zb| nbmsamneþm gi hglig| da ngqdgi da de~a÷b) TDH da de~a÷b) Zbtamneg da de~a÷b) atn- ~a nbkz|amda wqa ib~ sgib|a~ nginqigdb~ nginqigdb~ hgm ~edb gcantgdb~ zb| gifðm cgntb| zg|g z|btanneþm dai awqezb b em~tgigneþm emdq~t|egiZ|aseb gi nçinqib dai ~e~takg da lbklab ~a dala tama| nbkb këmekb qm a~wqakg am dbmda ~a kqa~t|a ig de~zb~eneþm tamtgtesg dai awqezb) kb~t|gmdb gdakç~ ngkleb da ~annebma~) de|annebma~) |gkecengnebma~) gitq|g~) atnTbdb~ ib~ nçinqib~ emdengdb~ am a~tg fqëg dalam ~a| |agiepgdb~ zg|g ig~ deca|amta~ nbmdenebma~ nbmdenebma~ axt|akg~ da cqmnebmgkeamtb dai ~e~takg da lbklab) zg|g a~tb a~ ekzb|tgmta sa|eceng| wqa ig~ z|bzeadgda~ dai ciqedb ~agm tbkgdg~ lg`b ig~ nbmdenebma~ z|a~amta~ da z|a~eþm u takza|gtq|g dai de~a÷b wqa ~a a~tç |agiepgmdbTbdb~ ib~ dbnqkamtb~ a~zanecengdb~ zb| ai nieamta dalam ~a| gmaxgdb~ am ig kakb|eg cemgi da nçinqib-
78-\AWQA\EKEAMTB^ N\ËTENB^ DA ^A\SENEB DA LBKLAB •
Gitg nbmcegleiedgd Giekamtgneþm da hb|mb~) giekamtgneþm da ngida|g~ u gnaeta iql|engmta da nbkz|a~b|a~) daledb g |ea~fb~ da zg|g| ig qmedgd) dg÷b gi awqezb) da~ng|fg f|gmda da ig sçisqig da ~afq|edgd) atn- Q~g| kç~ da qmg lbklg t|glg`gmdb mb|kgikamta am zg|giaib-
•
Gitb ciq`b-+ Qmg lbklg dekam~ebmgdg gi 7::! zg|g ai nb~tb kç~ lg`b zqada tama| qm MZ^H| zb| amnekg dai de~zbmelia ~afðm ig aiasgneþm mb|kgi da de~a÷b dai |anezeamta da ig ~qnneþm- Bztekepg| ai mðka|b da lbklg~ am qm ~a|seneb da lbklab kðitezia-
Gitg~ takza|gtq|g~-+ Ig tg~g da nb||b~eþm dai gna|b gi ng|lþm ~a gnaia|g g takza|gtq|g~ gitg~) de~kemquamdb ~q q~b zg|g nqa|zb~ da lbklg~- Ib~ kgta|egia~ da ~aiib~ kançmenb~ mb|kgia~ teamam iëketa~ da takza|gtq|g am ai |gmfb da 761„<3:ºN (>1:„1::ºC%- Qteiepg| GZE 37: zg|g a~zaneceng| ai kgta|egi u ig~ tbia|gmneg~ da nb||b~eþm-
•
Lg`g~ takza|gtq|g~-+ Ai ngib| t|gm~ca|edb da~da ig gtkþ~ca|g hgneg ai ~e~takg kç~ ai z|bdqnedb zb| c|enneþm u tq|lqiamneg am ig lbklg gqkamtg ig takza|gtq|g takza|gtq|g dai iëwqedb hg~tg ~q zqmtb da lq|lq`g- Ib~ hed|bng|lq|b~ hed|bng|lq|b~ iëwqedb~ g lg`g takza|gtq|g teamam qmg lg`g iql|enedgd iql|enedgd zg|g ig iql|engneþm da ib~ ~aiib~ kançmenb~kançmenb~- A~zaneceng| ai ge~igmta zg|g ig~ iëmag~ da ~qnneþm g cem da kemekepg| ig ngsetgneþm- Ai taciþm) ai f|gcetb u ib~ cqaiia~ ~bm ngzgna~ da t|glg`g| g takza|gtq|g~ kç~ lg`g~ wqa ig~ fbkg~ ~emtåteng~-
•
F|gmda~ zg|tënqig~ da ~þiedb-+
Ig~ zg|tënqig~ f|gmda~ dg÷gm ib~ |btb|a~ da ig~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ u ig~ sçisqig~ da ig~ lbklg~ |anez|bngmta~- Em~tgig| qmg kgiig da ~qnneþm za|kgmamta u qm kbiadb| da nbwqa am ig~ lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~•
Zg|tënqig~ a|b~esg~-+ ^e ai iëwqedb a~ nb||b~esb) ig saibnedgd dai dg÷b zqada ~a| kqu gitg- A~zaneceng| nbm~t|qnneþm) ceit|b~ zg|g ~q~zam~eþm da ~þiedb~-
•
^þiedb~ cemb~-+ Da~fg~ta |çzedb da ib~ nb`emata~ u da ib~ amf|gmg`a~ da de~t|elqneþm am ig~ lbklg~ |btgtesg~ nbm nb`emata emta|mb- Ib~ ~þiedb~ tgkleåm da~fg~tgm ib~ |btb|a~ da ig~ lbklg~ da amf|gmg`a da nbmtgntb u tezb tb|meiib- Da~n|ele| nbkziatgkamta ai nbmtamedb da ~þiedb~ am ig~ A~zanecengnebma~ da De~a÷bA~zaneceng| ciq`b iekzegdb| axta|mb b ~aiib~ dblia~-
•
Nb||b~esedgd-+ Ig~ zg|ta~ da ~aiib kançmenb ~bm zg|tenqig|kamta sqima|glia~ gi gtgwqa nb||b~esb zb|wqa bza|gm am qmg |afeþm da gitg tq|lqiamneg da iëwqedb u gitg takza|gtq|g am ig~ ~qza|cenea~ da nbmtgntb- Nqgmdb ig nb||b~eþm a~ ~asa|g) nbm~eda|a ai q~b da ~aiib~ dblia~-
•
Gitb zqmtb da ciqedap u gitg se~nb~edgd-+ Ib~ iëwqedb~ nbm gitb zqmtb da ciqedap u se~nb~edgd gitg hgnam decënei ai g||gmwqa- A~zaneceng| ngke~g~ da sgzb| zg|g ai nqa|zb u a~tbza|g da ig lbklg- A~zanecewqa qm ~aiib kançmenb nbm cgneiedgda~ da ciq`b u zq|fg- D|ama ig~ zå|dedg~ gi ~e~takg namt|gi da nbianneþm-
75- GMAXB^ GMAXB^ ^a emniqua ai cb|kgtb da z|a~amtgneþm zg|g da~g||biig| ig~ kakb|eg~ da nçinqib zg|g ai dekam~ebmgkeamtb dekam~ebmgkeamtb da lbklg~ tezb namt|ëcqfg u da da~zigpgkeamtb da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb `qmtb nbm kgmqgi kgmqgi dai q~qg|eb- Hgm da~g||biigdg~ da~g||biigdg~ zb| ai dazg|tgkamtb Z|bna~b~ da ^GMTB^ NKE• Gmaxb 7>-7 Kakb|eg da nçinqib zg|g lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~ • Gmaxb 7>-< Hb`g da nçinqib zg|g lbklg~ da da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb • Gmaxb 7>-< Kgmqgi dai q~qg|eb Kakb|eg da Nçinqib zg|g Lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~
GMAXB 75-7 KAKB\EG DA NÇINQIB ZG\G LBKLG^ NAMT\ËCQFG^
GMAXB 75-< KAKB\EG DA NÇINQIB ZG\G LBKLG^ DA DA^ZIGPGKEAMTB ZB^ETESB
GMAXB 75-> KGMQGI DAI Q^QG\EB ZG\G KAKB\EG DA NGINQIB DA LBKLG^
KGMQGI DAI Q^QG\EB ZG\G KAKB\EG DA NÇINQIB „ LBKLG^ NAMT\ËCQFG^ U DA^ZIGPGKEAMTB ZB^ETESB Z\BNA^B^ „ ^GMTB^ NKE Ig~ kakb|eg~ da nçinqib da lbklg~ namt|ëcqfg~ u da da~zigpgkeamtb zb~etesb hgm ~edb da~g||biigdg~ am Ken|b~bct Bccena Axnai <::>- Zg|g emeneg| ai t|glg`b ~a dala am z|eka| iqfg| nbzeg| ai g|nhesb u zbma|ia qm mbkl|a zg|g asetg| hgna| kbdecengnebma~ dai dbnqkamtb b|efemgiAi amtb|mb zg|g ai da~g||biib dai nçinqib a~ emtqetesb u cçnei da iiamg| ib~ dgtb~) nbm ig z|angqneþm da tama| nig|b~ ib~ nbmnaztb~ |ase~gdb~ am ai z|a~amta dbnqkamtb-
7- Gi emeneg| ~a kqa~t|g qm kam~g`a |anb|dgmdb wqa zb| ~afq|edgd dala axe~te| qmg nbzeg dai ke~kb
<- Gzg|ana ig samtgmg da emf|a~b da dgtb~ fama|gia~ am dbmda ~a a~n|ele|ç am zgigl|g~ ib~ dgtb~ dai z|buantb-
Am a~tg samtgmg axe~tam t|a~ lbtbma~0
zb~eleiedgd da emf|a~g| ib~ dgtb~ am cb|kg kgmqgi de|antgkamta de|antgkamta ~bl|a ig Emf|a~b kgmqgi-+ L|emdg ig zb~eleiedgd hb`g da nçinqib) ðmengkamta ~bl|a ig~ naidg~ nbm cbmdb gkg|eiib-
^gie|"fqg|dg|-+ Ðmengkamta ~a|ç qteiepgdb zg|g fqg|dg| qmg nbzeg da ~afq|edgd da ig hb`g^efqeamta-+ Emeneg ai z|bna~b da emf|a~b gqtbkçtenb da dgtb~-
>- Qmg sap emf|a~gdb ib~ dgtb~ fama|gia~ u gi hgna| nieno ~bl|a ai lbtþm ~efqeamta) gzg|ana ig samtgmg da emf|a~b da z|bzeadgda~ u ng|gnta|e~teng~ dai ~etakg da lbklab-
Qm aiakamtb ekzb|tgmta da a~tg samtgmg a~ ai |anqgd|b da ~aianneþm da cb|kg da nçinqib) kadegmta a~ta) ~a zqada nginqig| qteiepgmdb ig~ nbmdenebma~ kçxekg~ da lbklab (qm ~bib nginqib% b qteiepgmdb ig~ deca|amta~ nbmdenebma~ wqa ~a dgm am ai ~e~takg da lbklab- (Nbmdeneþm këmekg) mb|kgi u kçxekg%-
4- NÇINQIB QTEIEPGMDB IG NBMDENEÞM KÇXEKG DAI ^E^TAKGg% Ig z|eka|g kgma|g da nginqig| a~ qteiepgmdb ig~ nbmdenebma~ kçxekg~ z|ase~tg~ zg|g ai ~e~takg? am ig ke~kg samtgmg ~a zqada emf|a~g| ig~ z|bzeadgda~ dai ciqedb da gnqa|db g ig fqëg da de~a÷b) u ig~ ng|gnta|ë~teng~ |awqa|edg~ dai ~e~takg da lbklab) ~a zqada |af|a~g| g ig zçfemg gmta|eb| u qmg sap iiamgdb ib~ dgtb~ dai ciqedb ~a dala hgna| nieno am ~efqeamta zg|g nbmtemqg| nbm ai emf|a~b da dgtb~-
l% ig ~efqeamta samtgmg kb~t|gdg a~ zg|g ai emf|a~b da ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ig iëmag z|emnezgi da ~qnneþmIb~ dgtb~ da ibmfetqd) deçkat|b u mqka|b da |gkgia~ da ig tqla|ëg ~a nginqigm gzg|ta am ai ~bctvg|a a~zanëcenb-
MBTG0 Gi ~aiannebmg| kç~ da qmg iëmag tgmtb am ig~ nbmdenebma~ da ~qnneþm nbkb da da~ng|fg gzg|ana qm kam~g`a dbmda dbmda ~a |anqa|dg wqa a~tg hb`g mb qteiepg ib~ dgtb~ da deçkat|b) ibmfetqd u ngmtedgd da iëmag~) za|b
nbkb ~a gnig|b gmta|eb|kamta a~tb~ dgtb~ ~bm ekzb|tgmta~) zb| ib wqa) a~tg hb`g dg ig cgneiedgd da emf|a~g| a~tb~ dgtb~ da kgma|g kgmqgi) kadegmta ig em~a|neþm da ceig~-
GDSA\TAMNEG IG KBDEC BDECEN ENG GNEÞM NEÞM DA CEIG^ EIG^ ÐMEN ÐMENG GKAMTA AMTA ^A DAL DALA HGN HGNA\ QMG QMG SAP SAP TA\KEMGDB^ IB^ NÇINQIB^ GQTBKÇTENB^ UG WQA AI Z\BF\GKG QTEIEPG DA \ACA\AMNEG ZG\G \AGIEPG\ IG^ DAKÇ^ ETA\GNEBMA^- AM BT\G^ ZGIGL\G^ QMG SAP NA\\GDG^ TBDG^ IG^ SAMTGMG^ DAI Z\BF\GKG DA NÇINQIB) ^A \ANBKEAMDG MB SBISA\IG^ G GL\E\ ZG\G KBDECENG\ DGTB^-
n% Ig ~efqeamta samtgmg wqa gzg|ana a~ ig da amt|gdg da dgtb~ zg|g ig iemag da da~ng|fg) a~ ~ekeig| g ig gmta|eb|) teama ig~ ke~kg~ ng|gnta|ë~teng~ u ~a dalam gngtg| ig~ ke~kg~ bl~a|sgnebma~ |agiepgdg~ zg|g ig samtgmg da ~qnneþm-
1- Samtgmg da |a~qitgdb~-+ Qmg sap ta|kemgdb ai emf|a~b da dgtb~) ig qitekg samtgmg wqa gzg|ana a~ ig da |a~qitgdb~) |a~qitgdb~) am a~tg da dala emf|a~g| ai sgib| da ig zbtamneg nbka|negi de~zbmelia de~zbmelia ~afðm ai ç|ag b ibngiedgd ibngiedgd da t|glg`b-
Qm datgiia ekzb|tgmta gdakç~ a~ ig zb~eleiedgd da nginqig| ig z|a~eþm këmekg da ~qnneþm |agi qmg sap wqa ~a nbmbna ai sgib| dai MZ^H |awqa|edb |awqa|edb z|bzb|nebmgdb zb| ai z|bsaadb| z|bsaadb| da ig lbklg- A~ta dgtb kbdeceng kbdeceng ai kbdb gqtbkçtenb da nçinqib da z|a~eþm da ~qnneþm këmekg-
Am a~tg samtgmg axe~ta qm sëmnqib wqa za|keta a~nbfa| ai tezb da lbklg wqa ka`b| nqkzig ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ bltamed bltamedb) b) zg|g a~tb axe~ta qm amigna amigna wqa iiasg hgneg ig hb`g da ~aianneþm ~aianneþm da tezb da lbklg~ lbklg~ ~afðm ~q nbm~t|qnneþm u ng|gnta|ë~teng~-
Qmg sap emf|a~gdb ai tezb da lbklg am a~tg samtgmg mb a~ mana~g|eb mana~g|eb sbisa| g emf|a~g| am ig samtgmg gmta|eb| daledb g wqa gqtbkçtengkamta a~ta dgtb ~a fqg|dg am ig hb`g da nçinqibQmg sap ta|kemgdb tbdb ai z|bna~b u data|kemgdb~ ib~ |awqa|ekeamtb~ da lbklab) ~a dala na||g| ig~ samtgmg~ da emf|a~b da dgtb~) iqafb da ib nqgi ~a zqada kbdeceng| kgmqgikamta ig hb`g da nçinqib-
3- NGINQIB QTEIEPGMDB DECA\AMTA^ NG\GNTA\Ë^TENG^ DA CIQ@BA~tg hb`g dg ig cgneiedgd da |agiepg| ib~ nçinqib~ da ig a~zanecengneþm dai ~e~takg da lbklab qteiepgmdb t|a~ nbmdenebma~ da bza|gneþm dai ~e~takg0 këmemb) mb|kgi u kçxekb) a~tb guqdg da f|gm kgma|g g ig data|kemgneþm dai |gmfb am ai nqgi ~a amnbmt|g|g t|glg`gmdb ig qmedgd da lbklab) ig kgma|g dai emf|a~b da dgtb~ a~ kqu ~ekeig| wqa zg|g ai z|bna~b nbm ai ciq`b kçxekbZg|g ai emf|a~b g a~tg cb|kg da nginqib ~a dala ~aiannebmg| ai lbtþm da nbmdenebma~ sg|eglia~ wqa ~a amnqamt|gm ai ig samtgmg da z|bzeadgda~ dai ciqedb gi emeneg| ai nçinqib-
Ig~ samtgmg~ da emf|a~b da dgtb~ ðmengkamta ðmengkamta decea|a da ig~ gmta|eb|a~ am ig ngmtedgd da dgtb~ wqa a~ zb~elia emf|a~g|-
Ai z|bna~b da nginqib a emf|a~b da dgtb~ a~ ai ke~kb wqa ai axziengdb am ig ~anneþm gmta|eb|-
BL^A\SGNEÞM IB^ DB^ KÅTBD KÅTBDB^ B^ DA NGINQI NGINQIB B AXZIEN AXZIENGDB GDB^ ^ AMNQA AMNQAMT\ MT\GM GM QLENGD QLENGDB^ B^ DAMT\B DAMT\B DA KAKB\EG DA NÇINQIB U T\GLG@GM EMDAZAMDEAMTAKAMTA) ZA\B MB A^ ZB^ELIA ^Q Q^B ZG\G DB^ Z\BUANTB^ DE^TEMTB^) DALEDB G WQA IG^ ATEWQATG^ ^BM GQTBKÇTENG^ U QMG SAP A^ZANECENGDB IB^ DGTB^ FAMA\GIA^ A^TB^ DGTB^ ^BM QLENGDB^ AM NGDG QMG DA IG^ HB@G^ AXE^TAMTA AM A^TA IEL\B DA NGINQIB-
MBTG EKZB\TGMTA A^TG^ HB@G^ DA NÇINQIB A^TGM \AGIEPGDG^ LG@B IB^ N\ETA\EB^ DA DE^A×B DAI Ç\AG DA Z\BNA^B^ Z\BNA^B^ DA ^GMTB^ NKE) AM AIIG ^A QTEIEPGM CGNTB\A^ CGNTB\A^ DA DE^A×B DE^A×B WQA A^TÇM EMF\A^GDB^ AM AI Z\BF\GKG U ZB\ IB TGMTB GCANTGM IB^ \A^QITGDB^ BLTAMEDB^-