For calculating Civil Construction Manpower Productivity Rates
Staffing is the most important process in any field and nursing as well. As it is related to Human Resource Management, I explained all the important aspects of Staffing and Norms of Staffing proce...
Full description
within the diocese of San PabloFull description
DASS
Weaving Norm 1.0
YARN CHARACTERISTICS FOR SHUTTLELESS WEAVING Parameters CV% for Count Warp and Weft CSP Single Thread Tenacity CV% for Single Thread Tenacity Elongation at Break(%) CV% for elongation at break Elongation at Break(%) CV% for elongation at break CV% for TPI Uster Evenness% The yarn hairs having length more than 3mm Yarn imperfection/1000m Ξ
2.0
Up to 40s Upto 1.2 3200(3000) 20g/tex Less than 7 Above 5.5 Less than 7 Above 5.5 Less than 7 Less than 5 Less than 10% 3 per Metre Less than 50
Above 40s Upto 1.4 3000(3200) 20g/tex Less than 7 Above 6 Less than 7 Above 6 Less than 7 Less than 5 Less than 11 3 per Metre Less than 70
Above 100 ends/inch quality and loom running at the speed of above 500 ppm, the mill should go for 5% Uster norm for yarn. Ξ Ring yarn elongation at breaks properties to be retained in subsequent weaving preparatory processes.
WINDING 2.1 YARN BREAKAGE Type of Machine Autoconer
Yarn Breaks per 1,00,000 metres Good Average Poor 20 30 40
Ξ These breakage consist of A4+B4+C4+D4+C3+D3 and highly objectionable classimat faults. 2.2 CAUSEWISE BREAK-UP OF END BREAKS IN WINDING Type of yarn Fault Embedded Fluff Loose – lint Slubs Singling and weak places Piece-ups Foreign matter/kitties Other yarn faults Total
% of Total Breaks 15 15 10 25 10 10 15 100
2.3 CLEARING EFFICIENCY(%)ON WINDING MACHINE Type of Machine Autoconer
The clearer setting decides the clearing efficiency. The clearer is intended to remove A4+B4+C4+D4+C3+D3 and highly objectionable classimat faults. 2.5 WINDING SPEED Type of Machine Auto coner
Winding speed m/min Upto 40s Above 40s 1100 to 1300 900 to 1100
For yarns meant for high reed (above 100 ends/inch)sorts, the winding speed is about 10%lower than above figures but in any case not less than 900 mpm 2.6
WINDING MACHINE EFFICIENCY Type of Machine Autoconer
2.7
Good 90
Machine Efficiency (%) Average 85
Poor 80
LOSS IN STRENGTH AND ELONGATION When the yarn from wound package is tested, the loss in strength and elongation at break should not exceed 5% of that the ring yarn.
2.8
SPLICE FAILURE Machine Type Autoconer*
Yarn Count Good 3 5
Upto 40s Above 40s
Splice Failure % Average Poor 7 15 10 18
Ξ The norms hold good for a minimum suction pressure level given by the machine manufacturer. 2.9 SPLICE QUALITY Splice dimension: 1.2 to 1.4 times the parent yarn diameter SAG-Splice appearance grade (ATIRA) :
3
Length of Splice
:
3 to 3.5cm
Retain splice strength
:
Above 85%
Splice Breaking Ratio
:
Maximum 20%
2.10
TENSION ON YARN DURING WINDING
-2-
Weaving Norm
Tension on the yarn during winding corresponding single yarn strength.
should
be
about
10%
of
2.11Wound yarn Package Variation : ±0.2 2.12 Wound yarn package weight variation should be ±0.5 to 1% of normal weight. 2.13
WINDING MAINTENANCE COST Machine Type
Maintenance Cost (Rs./Spindle/Shift) 3.0
Autoconer 3.
WARPING 3.1
DIRECT WARPING 3.1.1 MACHINE SPEED Machine Type Super High Speed i.e. Hacoba or Benninger Warping Machine
Machine Speed For counts upto 40s-Warping speed should not be less than 25% of maximum speed recommended by machine manufacturer. For counts above 40s –Warping speed should be 10% less the speed maintained for upto 40s count yarn For coloured yarn-It should be 5% less than that of corresponding grey yarn
3.1.2 WARPING BREAKAGE Machine Type Super High
Warping Stops/400ends/1000m Good Average Poor 0.2 0.5 0.7
Speed
Warping Machine 3.2
SECTIONAL WARPING MACHINE 3.2.1 MACHINE SPEED Machine Type Super High Speed Sectional Warping Machine
Machine Speed (mpm) 400
3.2.2 WARPING BREAKAGE
Super
Machine Type High Speed Sectional
Warping Machine 3.3
Warping Stops/400ends/1000m Good Average Poor 0.4 0.8 1.0
CONTRIBUTION OF SPINNING AND WINDING FAULTS
-3-
Weaving Norm Machine Type Super High Speed Warping Machine
% Distribution of Spinning Faults Winding Faults 65 35
3.4
CAUSEWISE BREAK-UP OF END BREAKS IN WARPING
3.5
Type of causes Related to Spinning Thin end/soft end Slub/bad piecing Foreign fibre Others Sub Total Related to Weaving Splice Package faults Bunches Wild yarn, fluffs Other Sub total TENSION ON YARN DURING WARPING
% of total breaks 45 5 3 12 65 5 15 5 5 5 35
Tension on yarn during warping should be about 5% to that of corresponding single thread strength of the yarn. 3.6
EFFICIENCY OF WARPING MACHINE Machine Type Super High Speed Warping Machine Super High Speed Sectional Warping Machine For coloured pattern set
3.7
Efficiency (%) 60-65 45-50 30-35
WARPING KNOT The warping knot tail should have length of 5 to 6 mm.
3.8
WARPING MAINTENANCE COST Machine Type Super High Speed Warping Machine
4.
Maintenance Cost (Rs/machine/Shift) 50.00
SIZING 4.1
MECHANICAL STRETCH:1.0%
4.2
OPTIMUM YARN TENSION DURING SIZING % of Single Thread Breaking Strength of Ring Yarn At Creel Between At Head Stock Finishing Squeeze Roll to First Drying
-4-
Weaving Norm
Norms tension
for
yarn
2-3
Cylinder 4-5
10-15
4.3
SIZED YARN RESIDUAL ELONGATION : 4.5%
4.4
NORMS FOR GAIN IN STRENGTH AND LOSS IN ELONGATION AT BREAK OF SIZED YARN Type of Yarn Gain in Strength Loss in Elongation Upto 40s >25 <15 Above 40s 15-25 <15 Polyester Blended Yarn 5 – 15 <15 • Based on the single thread breaking strength and elongation at break of ring yarn.
4.5
DEAD LOSS PERCENTAGE Good Average Poor 15 25 35 Dead loss % is calculated on the basis of material issued from stores. Norms for (%) dead loss
4.6
VARIATION IN SIZDE PICK-UP Norms for size pick-up variation
Good ±1
Average ±2
Poor ±3
Φ Deviation from nominal pick-up % 4.7
VARIATION IN SIZE PICK-UP IN PAIR OF BEAMS ON LOOM Norms for size pick-up variation between pair of beams on loom
4.8
±1.5%
DROPPING Norms for size dropping: 0.10% of the size pick –up (by weight basis)
4.9
MIGRATION OF ENDS(For cylinder sizing) Count of yarn
No.of ends/1000 ends/1000m Good Average Poor Upto 40s 1 3 5 Above 40s 3 7 10 For coloured yarns, these values will have to be increased by 15% 4.10
LAPPERS
Norms for incidences of lappers in sizing 4.11
SIZING MAINTENANCE COST
-5-
Lappers/1000 ends/1000m Good Average Poor 0.2 0.4 0.8
Weaving Norm
Machine Type
Maintenance Cost (Rs./Machine/Shift) 150.00
Sucker Muller, Jupiter Benninger
5.1
Drawing – in production/pair of persons/8 hrs.:5500 ends
5.2
Knotter productivity
: 13000 ends/operative
LOOMSHED : Shuttleless Loom 6.1
LOOM SPEED Count of Yarn Upto 40s
Loom Speed Weft insertion rate (metres per minute) should be 10 to 15% less than that of recommended by loom manufacturers for that loom model. Weft insertion rate (metres per minute)should be 5 to 10% less than the speed maintained for upto 40s yarn Weft insertion rate (metres per minute)should be 5 to 10% less than that of corresponding grey yarn
20mm to 80mm per pick 40 to 20 ends in false selvedge 1.8%
WEAVING EFFICIENCY Sort Cotton Bottom Wear Cotton Shirting Coloured & Super Fine Sorts
6.12
45-50m sized yarn +25m Grey yarn 0.04 to 0.06% of sizing production 0.02% of sizing production
LOOM MAINTENANCE COST Loom Type
6.11
23 to 32
HARD WASTE LEVEL SIZING Set change waste per set Lapper Bad beams/soft beams LOOMS For leno & false selvedge on loom False selvedge Total Hard Waste in Weaving
6.10
1 upto 48 looms
Acceptable level 20 points/100 sq.m.fabrics
WEFT PACKAGES
-8-
Weaving Norm Steamed weft packages are found to give better performance alongwith reduction in incidences of broken pick especially on air jet looms. IDEAL STEAMING CONDITION Type of Chamber
: Vacuum Steam Chamber
Temperature (ºC)
: 90 to 100
Steam Pressure (kg/cm2): 0.5 Time (Min.)
: 20
The number of cycles depends on yarn count, TPI and package size. In general two to three cycles are sufficient. The steam packages should be kept under covering. The conditioned packages should be consumed within 4 hours. 6.14
AIR CONSUMPTION ON AIRJET MACHINE Loom Width Air Consumption in Cubic feet/8 hrs.* 190 cm to 220 cm 12000 - 15000 * Depending upon the machine model and speed
