SRI SRI RAVISHANKAR VIDYA MANDIR
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ESTIMATION ESTIMA TION OF REL ATIVE AMOUNT OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BRANDS OF TEA
S.PAVITHARA XII 0
ROLL NO. 18
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CERTIFICATE
It is here! "erti#e$ th%t S.PAVITHARA &' "(%ss XII h%s s%tis'%"t&ri(! "&)*(ete$ the I+,esti-%t&r! Pr&.e"t i+ the s/.e"t &' Bi&(&-! &+ the t&*i" “ESTIMATION OF RELATIVE AMOUNT OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BRANDS OF TEA” i+ the s"h&&( (%&r%t&r! The &r2 "%rrie$ &/t t& i+,esti-%te %&/t the s/.e"t )%tter %+$ the re(%te$ $%t% "&((e"ti&+ is &ri-i+%( %+$ -e+/i+e %+$ h%s ee+ "&)*(ete$ s&(e(! %+$ s%tis'%"t&ri(! ! the st/$e+t
SIGNATURE of TEACHER SIGNATURE of PRINCIPAL
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ACKNO4LEDGEMENT
I &/($ (i2e t& e5*ress )! -r%tit/$e t& )! te%"her MrsLEENA SINGH %s e(( %s the *ri+"i*%( &' )! i+stit/ti&+ MrsMAMATHA RAVIPRAKASH h& -%,e )e the -&($e+ &**&rt/+it! t& "%rr! &/t this &+$er'/( *r&.e"t &+ the t&*i" 6Esti)%ti&+ O' Re(%ti,e A)&/+t O' C%7ei+e I+ Di7ere+t Br%+$s O' Te%8 thr&/-h hi"h I (e%r+t )%+! thi+-s I %) ,er! th%+2'/( t& the) Se"&+$(!9 I &/($ %(s& (i2e t& th%+2 &/r L% %ssist%+ts MrDINESH %+$ MrGURURAJ h& *r&,i$e$ )e ith the '%"i(ities %+$ "&+$/"ti,e "&+$iti&+s re:/ire$ '&r &+;ti)e "&)*(eti&+ &' this Pr&.e"t I %(s& &/($ (i2e t& th%+2 )! *%re+ts %+$ 'rie+$s h& he(*e$ )e % (&t i+ #+%(i
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CONTENTS
SL.NO
TITLE
PAGE NO.
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CERTIFICATE
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2
ACKNO4LEDGEMENT
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3
INTRODUCTION
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AIM OF THE PROJECT
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APPARATUS
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PRINCIPLE
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PROCEDURE
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OBSERVATION
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RESULT
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INFERENCE
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REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
Te% Thea sinensis is the )&st "&))&+(! %+$ i$e(! /se$ s&'t e,er%-e i+ the h&/seh&($ It %"ts %s % sti)/(%+t '&r "e+tr%( +er,&/s s!ste) %+$ s2e(et%( )/s"(es %+$ there'&re re)&,es '%ti-/e9 tire$+ess %+$ he%$%"he It %(s& i+"re%ses the "%*%"it! &' thi+2i+- It is %(s& /se$ '&r (&eri+- &$! te)*er%t/re The *ri+"i*%( "&+stit/e+t &' te%9 hi"h is res*&+si(e '&r %(( these *r&*erties9 is the %(2%(&i$;"%7ei+e The %)&/+t &' "%7ei+e i+ te% (e%,es ,%ries 'r&) s%)*(e t& s%)*(e •
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The )&st i)*&rt%+t )eth!(%te$ %(2%(&i$ th%t &""/rs +%t/r%((! is "%7ei+e Its )&(e"/(%r '&r)/(% is
C 8 H 10 N 4 O2
Its IUPAC +%)e is 19 =9 @;tri)eth!(5%+the+e %+$ "&))&+ +%)e is 1;)eth!(%te$ thi&r&)i+e P/re(! it is hite9 "r!st%((i+e s&(i$ i+ the '&r) &' +ee$(es Its )e(ti+- *&i+t is 13=0C
PROPERTIES OF CAFFEINE It is % itter %(2%(&i$ It is *s!"h& sti)/(%+t It i)*r&,es *h!si"%( %+$ )e+t%( %i(it! Its e7e"t i+ (e%r+i+- is $&/t'/( /t i+te((e"t/%( *er'&r)%+"e )%! i)*r&,e %s it h%s ee+ /se$ t& re$/"e '%ti-/e &r &re$&) 4he+ %$)i+istere$ i+ter+%((!9 it sti)/(%tes the he%rt %+$ +er,&/s s!ste) It is % )i($ $i/reti" ie it i+"re%ses /ri+e &/t*/t O+ the "&+tr%r! their e5"essi,e /se *r&,es t& e h%<%r$&/s %+$ their (&+- /se )%! (e%$ t& )e+t%( ret%r$%ti&+9 $i-esti&+ re(%te$ *r&(e)s9 re+%( )%('/+"ti&+9 +er,&/s+ess9 et" • • • •
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U%&% of C'(&)*&+ •
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I+ )e$i"i+e9 it is /se$ t& sti)/(%te9 "e+tr%( +er,&/s s!ste) %+$ t& i+"re%se & &' /ri+e C%7ei+e h%s ee+ /se$ t& re(ie,e '%ti-/e e"%/se &' its sti)/(%ti+e7e"ts B/t it is $%+-er&/s %+$ &+e )%! "&((%*se i' +&t "&+s/)es it /+$er "ert%i+ (i)it
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C%7ei+e is %(s& /se$ i+ %+%(-esi" t%(ets9 %s it is e(ie,e$ t& e % *%i+ re(ie,er It is %(s& e+e#"i%( i+ )i-r%i+es
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FIGURE 1
CAFFEINE MOLECULE
FIGURE 3 CAFFEINE PURE PO4DER
FIGURE = CRSTAL STRUCTURE OF CAFFEINE
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AIM OF THE PROJECT T& esti)%te the re(%ti,e %)&/+t &' "%7ei+e *rese+t i+ ,%ri&/s r%+$s &' te%
APPARATUS REUIRED • • • • • • • • • •
BEAKERS BUNSEN BURNER TRIPOD STANDS 4IRE GAUE FUNNEL SEPERATING FUNNEL FILTER PAPER DIGITAL 4EIGH BALANCE GLASS ROD SAMPLES OF ATLEAST 3 DIFFERENT BRANDS OF TEA
CHEMICALS CH ¿ COO •
LEAD ACETATE
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CHLOROFORM
¿3¿ ¿ ¿
CHCl3
PRINCIPLE C%7ei+e is the )%i+ %"ti,e *ri+"i*(e "&)*&+e+t &' te% (e%,es It is *rese+t i+ te% (e%,es /* t& = %+$ "%+ e e5tr%"te$ ! #rst &i(i+the te% (e%,es ith %ter hi"h $iss&(,es )%+! -(!"&si$e "&)*&/+$s i+ %$$iti&+ t& "%7ei+e The "(e%r s&(/ti&+ is the+ tre%te$ ith (e%$ %"et%te t& *re"i*it%te the -(!"&si$e "&)*&/+$s i+ the '&r) &' (e%$ "&)*(e5 The "(e%r #(tr%te is the+ &i(e$ %+$ re$/"e$ t& &+e thir$ its i+iti%( ,&(/)e It is (%ter e5tr%"te$ ith "h(&r&'&r) e"%/se "%7ei+e is )&re s&(/(e i+ it
th%+ i+ %ter This "h(&r&'&r) e5tr%"t is (%ter e5*&se$ i+ &r$er t& %((& e,%*&r%ti&+ &' "h(&r&'&r)
PROCEDURE
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T%2e %t (e%st t& $i7ere+t r%+$s &' te% here9 6Br&&2e B&+$ three r&ses8 r%+$ %+$ 6Tet(e! -ree+ te%8 r%+$ %re t%2e+ T& 10 )( &' %ter %$$ 0 - &' te% (e%,es9 i+ % e%2er The+ he%t the e%2er t& e5tre)e &i(i+- Fi(ter the s&(/ti&+ %+$ %$$ (e%$ %"et%te t& the #(tr%te9 (e%$i+- t& the '&r)%ti&+ &' % "/r$! r&+ "&(&/re$ *re"i*it%te C&+ti+/e %$$i+- (e%$ %"et%te ti(( +& )&re *re"i*it%te h%s ee+ '&r)e$ A-%i+ #(ter the s&(/ti&+ The #(tr%te s& &t%i+e$ is he%te$ /+ti( it h%s e"&)e 0 )( %((& it t& "&&( A$$ 30 )( &' "h(&r&'&r) t& the #(tr%te T& (%!ers %**e%r Se*%r%te the (&er (%!er /si+- % se*%r%ti+- '/++e( E5*&se the s&(/ti&+ t& the %t)&s*here i+ &r$er t& %((& the "h(&r&'&r) t& -et e,%*&r%te$ The resi$/e (e't ehi+$ is "%7ei+e 4ei-h the resi$/e Per'&r) the %&,e *r&"e$/re ith $i7ere+t s%)*(es &' te% (e%,es %+$ &ser,e the :/%+tit! &' "%7ei+e i+ the) T%/(%te !&/r &ser,%ti&+s The re(%ti,e *er"e+t%-e %)&/+t &' "%7ei+e *rese+t i+ % -i,e+ te% s%)*(e is "%("/(%te$ /si+- the '&r)/(% Weight of caffeine × 100 Initial weight of tea sample
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FIGURE >;SAMPLE OF GREEN TEA UEDS TETLEY GREEN TEA
FIGURE ;SAMPLE OF RED LABEL TEA USED BROOKE BOND = ROSES
FIGURE ?; BOILING OF TEA LEAVES
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FIGURE @; CURDY BRO4N PRECIPITATE FORMED AFTER ADDING LEAD ACETATE
FIGURE ;THE PRECIPITATED MITURE IS FILTERED
FIGURE ; THE FILTERED MITURE IS BOILED
OBSERVATIONS 13
SL NO 1 2 3 4
BRAND OF TEA SAMPLE
Br&&2e &+$ = R&ses Re$ L%e( Br&&2e &+$ = R&ses Re$ L%e( Tet(e! Gree+ Te% Gree+ L%e( Tet(e! Gree+ Te% Gree+ L%e(
INITIAL 4EIGHT OF TEA SAMPLE
4EIGHT OF CAFFEINE OBTAINED
PERCENTAGE OF CAFFEINE PRESENT
30? -
0?1 -
3@
31 -
0?3 -
3
1?0 -
0=3 -
1
1 -
0= -
3
RESULT
THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF CAFFEINE PRESENT IN A Re$ (%e( te% 3@ B Gree+ (%e( te% 1 THEREFORE, RED LABEL TEA CONTAINS APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF CAFFEINE9 SLIGHTLY MORE THAN GREEN LABEL TEA.
INFERENCE
The res/(ts &t%i+e$ %re %Qr)%ti,e B&th the r%+$s &' te% teste$ *&siti,e '&r "%7ei+e C&)*%risi&+ etee+ the r%+$s re,e%(e$ th%t Br&&2e &+$ = r&ses re$ (%e( "&+t%i+e$ s(i-ht(! hi-her (e,e(s &' "%7ei+e hi"h )%! e res*&+si(e '&r etter e+h%+"e$ %,&/r %+$ is "&)*%r%ti,e(! % etter e+er-! *r&,i$er H&e,er9 Tet(e! -ree+ te% -ree+ (%e( %(s& -%,e s%tis'%"t&r! res/(ts T& %,&i$ %$,erse e7e"ts te% ith &*ti)%( %)&/+t &' "%7ei+e sh&/($ e "&+si$ere$
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REFERENCES
Books • •
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T&-ether ith Bi&(&-! L% M%+/%( C(%ss 13 E5*(&ri+- Bi&(&-! '&r Me$i"%( E+tr%+"es ! Sudhakar Banerjee %+$ Sanjay Sharma NCERT Bi&(&-! C(%ss 13
Web • • •
4i2i*e$i% htt*se+i2i*e$i%&r-i2iC'(&)*& i"se"&) *r&.e"tsi"se"&) Che)istr! G&&-(e I)%-es
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