Biology Investigatory Investi gatory Project Project Kendriya Vidyalaya R.B.N.M. Salboni Session- 2014-15
Efects o ertilisers! Man"re and #olyt$ene on t$e rate o elon%ation o t$e &y'ocotyl
Made ByVageesha ageesh a Karn Class- XI (Science)
Roll no. - !
Certificate "his is to certi#y that the given $roject re$or e$ortt has has %een %een $re$ $re$ar ared ed %y Vageesha Karn o# class 11 th (Science) on the to$ic “Efects o Fertiliser, Manure and Polythene on Groth o the !y"ocotyl o a seed# &nder the g&idance o# P'" (Biology) $r% (Biology) $r% $e&a&rata Mu'heree and has %een co$leted s&ccess#&lly.
Signat&re* +ate* (+r. (+r. + M&,herjee) M&,her jee)
P'" Biology
(c)no*led%+ent I a etreely than,#&l to y teacher +r. +. M&,herjee and o&r Princi$le Ms M. Michael #or giving e this o$$ort&nity to acco$lish this i$ortant $roject on the to$ic* /0ects o# 1ertiliser Man&re and Polythene on the gro2th o# the hy$ocotyl o# a seed.3I a highly o%liged and grati4ed #or their contin&o&s and &ndying s&$$ort and g&idance d&ring the co$letion o# this $roject. I etend y hearty than,s to y $arents and #riends #or their s&$$ort and enco&rageent 2hile this $roject 2as %eing ade and 2ho hel$ed e to co$lete this 2onder#&l and challenging tas, in the liited tie $eriod. I have learnt a lot 2hile researching on the given to$ic #or this $roject. I a than,#&l to all those %eca&se o# 2hose
s&$$ort g&idance and enco&rageent this $roject 2as $ossi%le to co$lete.
Selection "he given to$ic 2as selected %y e as I #o&nd this to %e a challenging tas, to co$lete and also very i$ortant ,no2ledge to gain #ro it. It is no2adays noticed that in the $oll&tion is increasing in o&r environent and it is etreely i$ortant #or all o# &s to ,no2 its e0ects on o&rselves and the nat&ral s&rro&ndings. Plants are the only so&rce to $&ri#y o&r atos$here and $rovide #ood to this 2orld. /ven the carnivoro&s anials are indirectly de$endent on $lants #or their #ood. It is very i$ortant #or &s to ,no2 the %est 2ay o# living in this &niverse 2itho&t haring it and <iately living $eace#&lly. "here#ore I have selected this
to$ic as y $roject as it gives the ans2ers to y 5&estions.
,ontents ) 6%jective................................................... ......... 7) Introd&ction............................................... ........ 8) Materials ac5&ired9999999999999999. :) Methodology99999999999999 99999.
;) 6%servation999999999999999 99999. <) 'ra$h999999999999999999 99999.. =) Res<s99999999999999999 999999. >) +ata ?nalysis99999999999999999 99.. @) Concl&sion999999999999999 99999.. !) Recoendation999999999999 9999.. ) Bi%liogra$hy99999999999999 99999
becti/e Main becti/e - o st"dy t$e efect o ertiliser! +an"re and 'olyt$ene on t$e %ro*t$ o t$e $y'ocotyl o a seed.
S'ecic becti/e$ro"%$ contin"o"s obser/ation o t$e %ro*t$ o 'lants in ertiliser! +an"re and 'olyt$ene t$e +ost s"itable soil conditions or a ty'ical 'lant can be obser/ed. By obser/in% s"c$ soil conditions! t$e 'rod"cti/ity and %ro*t$ o 'lants can be c$ec)ed.
3ntrod"ction "hree anthocyanins 2ere #o&nd in Vigna radiata (greengra) accessions 2ith %lac, seed coat %&t 2ere a%sent in c<ivars having green seed coat. Vigna &ngo (%lac,gra) had only one o# the. "he sae 8 anthocyanins 2ere #o&nd in c<ivars 2ith $&r$le red hy$ocotyl o# Vigna radiata accessions %&t 2ere a%sent in the ones 2ith green hy$ocotyls.Vigna &ngo 2ith $&r$le red hy$ocotyls sho2ed the $resence o# t2o anthocyanins. 6ne coon to %oth 2as identi4ed as del$hinidin-8-gl&coside and the other is $ro%a%ly cyanidin-8gl&coside. ?ong the t2o accessions o# Vigna radiata vars&%lo%ata eained
one 2as siilar to Vigna radiata accessions 2ith %lac, seed coat having del$hinidin-8-gl&coside and t2o other anthocyanins 2hile the other rese%led Vigna &ngo having only del$hinidin-8gl&coside in seed coat and %oth del$hinidin and cyanidin-8-gl&cosides in hy$ocotyl. Chloro$hyll content o# the seed coats 2as in the #ollo2ing decreasing order* green %lac, %ro2n and yello2. Bro2ning o# the seed coat o# cv "?P-= a#ter storage over a year 2as associated 2ith red&ction in chloro$hyll content.
Materials ) 7) 8) :) ;) <) =)
Pots- 8 'ra seeds A !-7 1ertiliser Man&re Polythene Bea,er Soil
Met$odolo%y +&ring the Ma,ing o# this $roject the #ollo2ing ste$s 2ere #ollo2ed*•
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•
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Pots gra seeds along 2ith #ertiliser an&re and $olythene and other aterials 2ere %ro&ght and the $ots 2ere $re$ared to %e so2n. Seeds 2ere $lanted and 2atered. 1ertiliser 2as added to the 4rst $ot naed as Pot ?. 6%servations 2ere recorded #or that day. Man&re 2as added to the second $ot naed as Pot B the net day. Polythene 2as added to the third $ot naed as Pot C the #ollo2ing day and reg&lar o%servations 2ere ade. Datering and reg&lar o%servation 2as %eing ta,en #or 7= days. ?#ter the o%servation o# $lants and their gro2th o%servation 2as co$iled and data analysis 2as ade. Concl&sion 2as dra2n #ro the data analysis #or the three cases o# $lanted gra seeds.
bser/ations 6%servations 2ere recorded reg&larly #or 7= days and the #ollo2ing data 2as gathered*E&%er o# seeds $lanted in ) 7) 8) +?F S. Eo. .
Pot ?- : Pot B- ; Pot C- 8 P6" ? (1ertiliser) 8
Gength o# Hy$ocotyl (in c) P6" B (Man&re) P6" C (Polythene)
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"here are soe ga$s in the o%servation as the school 2as closed d&ring that tie and 2e 2ere &na%le to record o&r o%servations.
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ata (nalysis ?ccording to the a%ove o%servations the #ollo2ing analysis 2as ade*
+&e to access o# #ertiliser soe $lants in P6" ? died. +&e to lac, o# 2ater #or soe contin&ed days soe $lants had dried. Seeds gerinated in P6" C died soon %eca&se o# $olythene $resent in the $ot 2hich ha$ered their $ro$er a%sor$tion o# n&trients. Plants in P6" B 2ere %est gro2n in height and $ersisted #or a long tie. 'ro2th o# $lants $lanted in P6" ? 2as edi& all over and can %e considered as average. Dater cons&$tion %y the gra seeds 2as considera%ly lo2.
,oncl"sion 1ro the a%ove data analysis #ollo2ing concl&sions can %e dra2n* ?ccess
o# #ertiliser can %e har#&l #or gerinating seeds. Ho2ever i# &sed in an a$$ro$riate ao&nt #ertilisers can %e %ene4cial #or $lants. 'ro2th o# $lants can %e o%served %est in an&re as it is a nat&ral etract and can s&$$ly %etter 5&ality o# n&trients to the $lants. Presence o# $olythene is har#&l #or $lants and it ha$ers the $ath2ay #or the $lants a%sor$tion o# n&trients. "here#ore it can %e concl&ded that $oll&tion can %e very har#&l to the nat&ral environent and <iately it a0ects the h&ans. Gac, o# 2ater is etreely &ndesira%le 2hen $lants or trees are
gro2ing as 2ater is an essential $art o# their n&trition and is i$ortant in the develo$ental $rocess.
Reco++endation "hro&gh the o%servations recorded and concl&sion dra2n #ro the collected data it is clear that $lanters sho&ld &se an&re the ost in ao&nt #or the $ro$er gro2th o# $lants. 1ertiliJers are also etreely &se#&l #or the gro2th o# $lants %&t i# &sed in ecess ao&nt then it can %e har#&l #or the $lants. "here#ore the ao&nt o# #ertiliJers &sed sho&ld %e chec,ed. ?lso $oll&tants s&ch as $olythene sho&ld %e reoved #ro the $lanting area as these $oll&tants are har#&l #or the gro2th o# $lants and ha$ers their $ro$er elongation. ?lso reg&lar 2atering is an essential criterion #or gro2ing $lants %eca&se this $rovides the 2ith necessary eleents and
co$o&nds #or $hotosynthesis. ?t the sae tie ecess o# 2ater sho&ld not %e $rovided to the $lants %eca&se o# the $ro%a%ility o# containation.
Biblio%ra'$y ) ?s,.co 7) htt$*re$ository.ias.ac.in 8) Class- th Biology "et Boo,(EC/R")