Tulips International School
C:\Users\SNPRASAD\Desktop\physics.bmp Name � Abhishek kumar C:\Users\SNPRASAD\Desktop\sin.bmp Class � !II A Roll no.
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This is to certi9y that Abhishek kumar o9 class !II & A has success9ully complete the in;estiatory pro(ect on the topic �
*/*CTR)1A0N*TIC INDUCTI)N �
uner my uiance urin the year "#$% & "#$' in the partial 9ul9illment o9 the physics practical e
Teacher�s sinature sinature Principal Principal
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I =oul lik e to sincerely an pro9usely thank my Physics teacher 1r. -uleep > 9or his able uiance an support in completin my pro(ect.
I =oul also like to e
/ast but not the least > I =oul e
Abhishek kumar
C:\Users\SNPRASAD\Desktop\AI1.bmp C:\Users\SNPRASAD\Desktop\a.pn http:@@===.scienceclari9ie.com@imaes@uesc#4im#""$.(p https:@@ehnishio"#$3.9iles.=orpress.com@"#$"@$$@motor.i9B='4#
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*lectro 1anet: An electromanet is a type o9 manet in =hich the manetic 9iel is prouce by electric current. The manetic 9iel isappears =hen the current is turne o99.
Inuction: This process o9 eneratin current in a conuctor by placin the conuctor in a chanin manetic 9iel is calle inuction.
*lectromanetic Inuction: *lectromanetic inuction is the prouction o9 a potential i99erence ;oltaeE across a conuctor =hen it is e heat in 9errous metalsE> or =a;es in a raio transmitterE.
,inally it is re9ers to the phenomenon =here an em9 is inuce =hen the manetic 9lu< linkin a conuctor chanes.
1anetic ,lu< is e9ine as the prouct o9 the manetic 9lu< ensity an the area normal to the 9iel throuh =hich the 9iel is passin. It is a scalar ?uantity an its S.I. unit is the =eber bE. 9 7 A
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Principle: *lectromanetic inuction or sometimes (ust inuctionE is a process =here a conuctor place in a chanin manetic 9iel or a conuctor mo;in throuh a stationary manetic 9ielE causes the prouction o9 a ;oltae across the conuctor. This process o9 electromanetic inuction> in turn> causes an electrical current & it is sai to inuce the current.
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In;ention: 1ichael ,araay is enerally creite =ith the isco;ery o9 inuction in $H3$ thouh it may ha;e been anticipate by the =ork o9 ,rancesco anteeschi in $H"F. Aroun $H3# to $H3"> 2oseph 5enry mae a similar isco;ery> but i not publish his 9inins until later
Inuce e.m.9.s :
I9 manetic 9lu< throuh a coil is altere then an e.m.9. =ill be enerate in the coil. This e99ect =as 9irst obser;e an e aE mo;in the coil or the source o9 9lu< relati;e to each other or by bE chanin the manitue o9 the source o9 manetic 9lu< in some =ay. Note that the e.m.9. is only prouce =hile the 9lu< is chanin. ,or e consier t=o coils as sho=n in ,iure $.
Coil A is connecte to a al;anometer an coil 7 is connecte to a battery an has irect current 9lo=in throuh it. Coil A is =ithin the manetic 9iel prouce by 7 an an e.m.9. can be prouce in A by mo;in the coils relati;e to each other or by chanin the siJe o9 the current in 7. This can be one by usin the rheostat R> s=itchin the current on or o99> or cE usin an a.c. supply 9or 7. An e.m.9. coul also be prouce in coil A by replacin coil 7 =ith a permanent manet an mo;in this relati;e to coil A.E
Representation: *lectromanetic inuction is the prouction o9 a potential i99erence ;oltaeE across a conuctor =hen it is e
orkin an Construction: Current is prouce in a conuctor =hen it is mo;e throuh a manetic 9iel because the manetic lines o9 9orce are applyin a 9orce on the 9ree electrons in the conuctor an causin them to mo;e. This process o9 eneratin current in a conuctor by placin the conuctor in a chanin manetic 9iel is calle inuction. This is calle inuction because there is no physical connection bet=een the conuctor an the manet. The current is sai to be inuce in the conuctor by the manetic 9iel. )ne re?uirement 9or this electromanetic inuction to take place is that the conuctor> =hich is o9ten a piece o9 =ire> must be perpenicular to the manetic lines o9 9orce in orer to prouce the ma
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I9 an AC current is 9e throuh a piece o9 =ire> the electromanetic 9iel that is prouce is constantly ro=in an shrinkin ue to the constantly chanin current in the =ire. This ro=in an shrinkin manetic 9iel can inuce electrical current in another =ire that is hel close to the 9irst =ire. The current in the secon =ire =ill also be AC an in 9act =ill look ;ery similar to the current 9lo=in in the 9irst =ire. It is common to =rap the =ire into a coil to concentrate the strenth o9 the manetic 9iel at the ens o9 the coil. rappin the coil aroun an iron bar =ill 9urther concentrate the manetic 9iel in the iron bar. The manetic 9iel =ill be stronest insie the bar an at its ens polesE.
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/enJKs /a=: hen an em9 is enerate by a chane in manetic 9lu< accorin to ,araayKs /a=> the polarity o9 the inuce em9 is such that it prouces a current =hose manetic 9iel opposes the chane =hich prouces it. The inuce manetic 9iel insie any loop o9 =ire al=ays acts to keep the manetic 9lu< in the loop constant. In the e i9 the 7 9iel is increasin> the inuce 9iel acts in opposition to it. I9 it is ecreasin> the inuce 9iel acts in the irection o9 the applie 9iel to try to keep it constant.
Applications o9 electromanetic Inuction
*lectrical 0enerator: The *1, enerate by ,araayKs la= o9 inuction ue to relati;e mo;ement o9 a circuit an a manetic 9iel is the phenomenon unerlyin electrical enerators. hen a permanent manet is mo;e relati;e to a conuctor> or ;ice ;ersa> an electromoti;e 9orce is create. I9 the =ire is connecte throuh an electrical loa> current =ill 9lo=> an thus electrical enery is enerate> con;ertin the mechanical enery o9 motion to electrical enery
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*lectrical trans9ormer The *1, preicte by ,araayKs la= is also responsible 9or electrical trans9ormers. hen the electric current in a loop o9 =ire chanes> the chanin current creates a chanin manetic 9iel. A secon =ire in reach o9 this manetic 9iel =ill e ,7 @ t. There9ore> an electromoti;e 9orce is set up in the secon loop calle the inuce *1, or trans9ormer *1,. I9 the t=o ens o9 this loop are connecte throuh an electrical loa> current =ill 9lo=.
\mathcalL*M & 7 \ell ;> manetic9lo=meter.i9
1anetic 9lo= meter: ,araayKs la= is use 9or measurin the 9lo= o9 electrically conucti;e li?uis an slurries. Such instruments are calle manetic 9lo= meters. The inuce ;oltae * enerate in the manetic 9iel 7 ue to a conucti;e li?ui mo;in at ;elocity ; is thus i;en by:
=here l is the istance bet=een electroes in the manetic 9lo= meter.
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,ara ,araa ay y�s /a= /a= o9 *lectromanetic Inuction> 9irst obser;e an publishe by 1ichael ,araay in the mi&nineteenth century> escribes a ;ery important electro&manetic concept. Althouh its mathematical representations are cryptic> the essence o9 ,araay�s is not har har to rasp: rasp: it relates relates an inuce inuce electric electric potential or ;oltae to a ynamic manetic 9iel. This concept has many 9ar&reachin rami9ications that touch our li;es in many =ays: 9rom the shinin o9 the sun> to the con;enience o9 mobile communications> to electricity to po=er our homes. e can all appreciate the pro9oun impact ,ara ,araay ay�s /a= /a= has has on us. us.
The principles o9 electromanetic inuction are applie in many e;ices an systems> incluin: . . . . . .
*lectrical enerators Inuction motors Inuction sealin Inucti;e charin Trans9ormers ireless enery trans9er
-eep yoursel9 sa9e 9rom hih ;oltae. +
Use O hanle lab instruments =ith care. +
Do not scratch insulate copper =ire =hile makin loop. +
Do not use iital ;oltmeter 9or abo;e +
emonstration .
. ikipeia.com . 0oole search enine . Physics Ncert book 9or class !II