AIM:
TO STUDY STUDY ESSENTIALITY
OF MINERALS AND DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF ESSENTIAL MINERALS ON PLANT GROWTH.
REQUIREMENTS: CULTURE SOLUTIONS, GRAM OR MAIZE SEEDLINGS, STERILISED BOTTLES, BOTTLES, WEIGHING BALANCE.
THEORY: PLANT REQUIRE MINERALS FOR NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MINERALS WHICH ARE NEEDED IN LARGE QUANTITY ARE CALLED MACRONUTRIENTS MACRONUTRIENTS.. FOR EXAMPLES, C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg AND Fe. MINERALS WHICH ARE NEEDED IN SMALL QUANTITY ARE CALLED MICRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS.. FOR EXAMPLES, M, Z, B, C! AND M". HYDROPONICS# SOIL LESS CULTURES# TO RAISE HYDROPONICS# THE PLANTS IN SOLUTION SOLUTION CULTURES CULTURES WITHOUT USING SOIL.
HYDROPONICS IS USEFUL$ %a& IN AREAS WITH THIN, FERTILE ANDDRY SOILS %'& TO FIND OUT THE ESSENTIALITY AND DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF VARIOUS MINERALS. CRITERIA FOR ESSENTIALITY OF AN ELEMENT IS$ %a& IT IS NECESSARY FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND IT IS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN PLANT METABOLISM. %'& IT CANNOT BE REPLACED BY ANY OTHER ELEMENT. %(&
DEFICIENCY OF THE ELEMENT PRODUCES DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS. DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OR HUNGER SIGNS INCLUDE CHLOROSIS, STUNTED GROWTH, NECROSIS, PREMATURE LEAF FALL, MALFORMED LEAVES. ESSENTIALITY OF MINERALS CAN DETERMINED BY GROWING PLANTS IN$
%a&
BE
KNOP)S AND SACH)S CULTURE SOLUTION WHICH CONTAIN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT SALTS
IN SPECIFIC RATIO DISSOLVED IN DISTILLED WATER. %'&
SAND CULTURE, *.e. , WELL WASHED, HEATED PURE QUARTZ SAND, MIXED WITH CULTURE SOLUTION CONTAINING SPECIFIC SALTS.
PROCEDURE: +.PREPARE THE SACH)S CULTURE SOLUTION BY DISSOLVING THE FOLLOWING IN +- WATER. NORMAL SOLUTION KNO0/ +g CALCIUM PHOSPHATE/ .1g MAGNESIUM SULPHATE/ .1g CALCIUM SULPHATE/ .21g
/N /Ca /Fe /C SOLUTIO SOLUTIO SOLUTIO SOLUTIO N N N N //////// +g +g +g .1g /////// .1g .1g
.1g
.1g
.1g
.1g
.21g
/////////
.21g
.21g
SODIUM .21g .21g .21g //////// CHLORIDE/ .21g FERROUS .+g .+g /////// .+g SULPHATE/ .+g 2.GROW FEW GRAM SEEDS TILL THEY BECOME SEEDLINGS. 0.
TAKE 1 STERILISED CONTAINERS A, B, C, D, E. FILL CONTAINER A WITH NORMAL CULTURE SOLUTION, B WITH %/N& SOLUTION, C WITH %/ Ca& SOLUTION, D WITH %/Fe& SOLUTION, E WITH %/C& SOLUTION. COVER THEM WITH SPLIT CORK LID.
3.PUT ONE SEEDLING IN EACH BOTTLE THROUGH SPLIT CORK AND PROVIDE NORMAL LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN TO LET THEM GROW. 1.RECORD YOUR OBSERVATIONS AGTER SOME INTERVALS OF DAYS.
OBSERVATIONS: SEEDLINGS
1st "'4e56a7*"
28 "'4e56a7*"
058 "'4e56a7*"
RESULT AND DISCUSSION +.BOTTLE A GROWTH.
SHOWS
NORMAL
SEEDLING
2.BOTTLE B SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS FOR NITROGEN LIKE CHLOROSIS STARTING FROM OLDER LEAVES, DTUNTED GROWTH. 0.BOTTLE C SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS FOR CALCIUM LIKE STUNTED GROWTH OF SEEDLING, NECROSIS AND CURLING OF LEAVES. 3.BOTTLE D SEEDLING SHOW DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS FOR IRON LIKE INTERVIENAL CHLOROSIS AND REDUCED GROWTH. 1.BOTTLE E SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS FOR CHLORINE *.e. , LEAF WILTING, CHLOROSIS AND NECROSIS9 SWOLLEN ROOT TIPS.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG WWW.GOOGLE.COM TOGETHER WITH BIOLOGY LAB MANUAL
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
MADE BY D Vardhan Raj XII Scinc
