Biologia 3 El Intercambio de Información en Los Sistemas Biologicos, Relación, Integracion y Control Santillana

Recursos para el docente

3 BIOLOGÍA

El intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos: relación, integración y control

Susana Alvarez Alejandro J. Balbiano Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias María Inés Rodríguez Vida Hilda C. Suárez ES

3.er año

BIOLOGÍA

El intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos: relación, integración y control

RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE BIOLOGÍA 3. Recursos para el docente es una obra colectiva, creada y diseñada en el Departamento Editorial de Ediciones Santillana S. A., bajo la dirección de Herminia Mérega y Graciela Pérez de Lois, por el siguiente equipo: Susana Alvarez Alejandro J. Balbiano Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias María Inés Rodríguez Vida Hilda C. Suárez Editora: Paula L. Sabbatini Jefa de edición: Patricia S. Granieri Gerencia de gestión editorial: Mónica Pavicich

Índice ES

3. año er

3FDVSTPTQBSBMBQMBOJGJDBDJØO QÈHt$MBWFEFSFTQVFTUBT QÈH

Jefa de arte: Claudia Fano. Diagramación: María Mercedes Mayans. Corrección: Karina Garofalo. Este libro no puede ser reproducido total ni parcialmente en ninguna forma, ni por ningún medio o procedimiento, sea reprográfico, fotocopia, microfilmación, mimeógrafo o cualquier otro sistema mecánico, fotoquímico, electrónico, informático, magnético, electroóptico, etcétera. Cualquier reproducción sin permiso de la editorial viola derechos reservados, es ilegal y constituye un delito.

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© 2010, EDICIONES SANTILLANA S.A. Av. L. N. Alem 720 (C1001AAP), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. ISBN: 978-950-46-2235-2

Biología 3 : el intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos : relación, integración y control : recursos para el docente / Susana Alvarez ... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2010. 32 p. ; 26x19 cm. - (Saberes clave)

Queda hecho el depósito que dispone la ley 11.723.

ISBN 978-950-46-2235-2

Impreso en Argentina. Printed in Argentina. Primera edición: enero de 2010

1. Biología. 2. Enseñanza Secundaria. I. Alvarez, Susana CDD 574.071 2

Este libro se terminó de imprimir en el mes de enero 2010, en en Gráfica Vuelta de Página, Carlos Pellegrini 3652, Ciudadela, Buenos Aires, República Argentina.

1/25/10 12:49:52 PM

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Recursos para la planificación Capítulo

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Los seres vivos y su relación con el medio

La captación de los estímulos

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Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

Expectativas de logro

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$MBTJmDBDJØO EF TJTUFNBT FO BCJFSUPT DFSSBEPTZBJTMBEPT*EFOUJmDBDJØOEFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMPTTFSFTWJWPTDPNPTJTUFNBTBCJFSUPT *EFOUJmDBDJØO EF FTUÓNVMPT Z SFTQVFTUBT FOFKFNQMPTEFSFMBDJPOFTEFTFSFTWJWPTDPO FMBNCJFOUF$PNQBSBDJØOFOUSFMPTUJQPTEF SFTQVFTUBT FO BOJNBMFT Z QMBOUBT 3FDPOPDJNJFOUPEFFKFNQMPTEFIPNFPTUBTJT"OÈMJTJT DPNQBSBUJWPEFMBUFSNPSSFHVMBDJØOFOQMBOUBT Z BOJNBMFT &MBCPSBDJØO EF VO DVBESP DPNQBSBUJWP FOUSF TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP Z FOEPDSJOP"OÈMJTJTEFMNPEFMPFTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB &YQMJDBDJØO EF DPNQPSUBNJFOUPTEFMPTBOJNBMFTZMBTBDUJWJEBEFTEF QMBOUBTBQMJDBOEPFMNPEFMPFTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB*EFOUJmDBDJØOEFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFVOQSPCMFNBDJFOUÓmDPBQBSUJS EFM DBTP EF MB NJHSBDJØO EF MB NBSJQPTB NPOBSDB-FDUVSBEFVOBFOUSFWJTUBTPCSFMPT relojes biológicos.

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$BSBDUFSJ[BDJØO HFOFSBM EF MBT FTUSVDUVSBT FODBSHBEBTEFMBDBQUBDJØOEFMPTFTUÓNVMPT $MBTJmDBDJØOEFSFDFQUPSFTTFHÞOEJGFSFOUFT DSJUFSJPT *EFOUJmDBDJØO EFM FTQFDUSP EF MV[ WJTJCMF FO VO HSÈmDP EFM FTQFDUSP FMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDP"OÈMJTJTDPNQBSBUJWPEFEJGFSFOUFTGPUPSSFDFQUPSFTNBODIBTPDVMBSFT PDFMPT Z PKPT TJNQMFT "OÈMJTJT EF VCJDBDJØO Z GVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMPTPKPTFOBOJNBMFTDPO WJTJØONPOPDVMBSZCJOPDVMBS$PNQBSBDJØO EFPKPTDPOMFOUFDPNQVFTUPZFODÈNBSB $PNQBSBDJØO FOUSF GPOPSSFDFQUPSFT EF JOWFSUFCSBEPTZFMPÓEPEFWFSUFCSBEPT"OÈMJTJTEFVOHSÈmDPEFDBQUBDJØOEFTPOJEPTFO EJGFSFOUFTBOJNBMFT

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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3

4

Las respuestas a los estímulos

Estímulos y respuestas en las células

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%JTUJOHVJSMPTUJQPTEFSFTQVFTUBTFO QMBOUBTZFOBOJNBMFT%JGFSFODJBSFM DPNQPSUBNJFOUPJOTUJOUJWPEFMBQSFO EJEP%FCBUJSBDFSDBEFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT JOOBUBT P BQSFOEJEBT EF EJGFSFOUFTDPNQPSUBNJFOUPTFOMPTTFSFT IVNBOPTZPUSPTBOJNBMFT*OUFSQSFUBSMPTTJTUFNBTCJPMØHJDPTZTVEJWFSTJEBE DPNP QSPEVDUP EF TV IJTUPSJB FWPMVUJWB%JTF×BSFYQFSJNFOUPTTFODJMMPTZBOBMJ[BSTVTSFTVMUBEPT&YQMJDBS Z EFTDSJCJS GFOØNFOPT CJPMØHJDPT VUJMJ[BOEPVOMFOHVBKFBEFDVBEPZWBSJBEP *OUFSQSFUBS FYQFSJNFOUPT SFB MJ[BEPT QPS PUSPT JEFOUJGJDBOEP MBT QSJODJQBMFTQSFHVOUBTRVFMPTHVÓBOZ FMTFOUJEPEFMPTEJGFSFOUFTQBTPT SFlacionándolos con las conclusiones a MBTRVFBSSJCBO

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El control nervioso

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Contenidos



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El control nervioso en los animales

El control endocrino

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El control endocrino en animales y plantas

El rol de las proteínas

Contenidos



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1/22/10 4:57:17 PM


BIO3_Docente.indd 7


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El ADN, portador de información

La biotecnología moderna

7

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1 Los seres vivos y su relación

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Páginas 20 y 21 24. a 6OFTUÓNVMPFTVOBDPOEJDJØOEFMBNCJFOUFRVFHFOFSBSÈVOBSFBDDJØOFOVOPSHBOJTNPWJWP NJFOUSBT RVFVOBSFTQVFTUBFTVOBBDDJØOQSPWFOJFOUFEFFTUF PSHBOJTNPWJWPDBVTBEBQPSFTFFTUÓNVMP b) 6OSFDFQUPSQVFEFTFSVOØSHBOPDBQB[EFDBQUBSMBT TF×BMFT RVF QSPWJFOFO EFM BNCJFOUF NJFOUSBT RVF VO FGFDUPS FT VO ØSHBOP RVF QPOF EF NBOJGJFTUP MB SFTQVFTUBBVOFTUÓNVMP c) -BSFTQVFTUBEFNPWJNJFOUPFOBOJNBMFTFTSÈQJEBZ TFFODVFOUSBWJODVMBEBDPOFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP&OMBT QMBOUBTOPIBZTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPZTFUSBUBEFSFTQVFTUBTNÈTMFOUBT d) &M DPOUSPM FOEPDSJOP JOWPMVDSB BM TJTUFNB DPNQMFUP RVFQFSNJUFMBSFHVMBDJØOEFNVDIPTQSPDFTPTBUSBWÏT EF MB MJCFSBDJØO EF IPSNPOBT B MB TBOHSF 6OB SFTQVFTUBTFDSFUPSBFTBRVFMMBFOMBRVFVOBHMÈOEVMB MJCFSBVOBEFUFSNJOBEBTVTUBODJB RVFQVFEFTFSFOEPDSJOBQFSPUBNCJÏOMJCFSBSTFBMBNCJFOUF

25. a) &TUÓNVMPEJTNJOVDJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSB3FTQVFTUB NPUPSB

b) &TUÓNVMPT QSFTFODJB EF MV[ Z IVNFEBE 3FTQVFTUB NPUPSB

c) &TUÓNVMPDPOUBDUPDPOPUSPBOJNBM3FTQVFTUBNPUPSBZEFTFDSFDJØOEFTVTUBODJBT

d) &TUÓNVMPQSFTFODJBEFMQSFEBEPS3FTQVFTUBDBNCJP de coloración.

28. a) -P RVF NVFTUSBO MBT JNÈHFOFT FT " &M PTP DBNJOB QPSMBPSJMMBEFMSÓP# &MPTPTFBDFSDBBVOBDBTDBEB ZFTQFSBRVFFMTBMNØOTBMUFQBSBUSBUBSEFBUSBQBSMP $ &MPTPBUSBQBBMTBMNØO b) &MPTPTJFOUFIBNCSF FMTBMNØODPOTUJUVZFVOFTUÓNVMP QBSBFMPTP FTFFTUÓNVMPFTDBQUBEPQPSMPTPKPTZTF USBOTNJUFBMPTDFOUSPTEFQSPDFTBNJFOUP FOEPOEFTF FMBCPSBVOBSFTQVFTUBRVFWJBKBIBTUBMPTNÞTDVMPTZMB QPOFO EF NBOJGJFTUP FO GPSNB EF NPWJNJFOUP QPS NFEJP EFM DVBM FM PTP BUSBQB BM TBMNØO &M TBMNØO OBEBFODPOUSBEFMBDPSSJFOUFEFMSÓP&MNPWJNJFOUP EFMBHVBFTVOFTUÓNVMPRVFDBQUBOSFDFQUPSFTEFMB QJFM EFM TBMNØO Z TF USBOTNJUF IBTUB MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP"MMÓTFFMBCPSBVOBSFTQVFTUBRVFWJBKB IBTUB MPT NÞTDVMPT EFM TBMNØO RVF QFSNJUFO MPT NPWJNJFOUPTOFDFTBSJPTQBSBOBEBS5BNCJÏOFTQPTJCMFRVFFMTBMNØODBQUFQPSNFEJPEFTVTPKPTMBQSFTFODJB EFM PTP FO MB PSJMMB Z RVF NPEJGJRVF TV SFTQVFTUBNPUPSBUSBUBOEPEFFWJUBSTFSBUSBQBEP 29.&OMBTBSB×BTIFNCSBTMPTTJTUFNBTEFDPOUSPMFTUJNVMBO MBT HMÈOEVMBT RVF MJCFSBO MBT GFSPNPOBT &O MPT NBDIPT QFSNJUFOMBDBQUBDJØOEFFTBTTVTUBODJBT ZQSPWPDBOMBSFT-

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QVFTUBNPUPSBRVFMPTDPOEVDFIBTUBMBTIFNCSBT"TÓBNCPTJOJDJBOFMDPSUFKPTFYVBM RVFDPOTJTUFFOVOBTFSJFEF SFTQVFTUBTNPUPSBT

30.

Página 31 7. %FDJNPT RVF MB WJTJØO CJOPDVMBS FT NÈT FYBDUB FO UBOUP QFSNJUFNFEJSDPOHSBOQSFDJTJØOMBEJTUBODJBBVOPCKFUP

8. -PTPKPTVCJDBEPTEFNBOFSBMBUFSBMQFSNJUFOVOBFYQMPa) -BBQFSUVSBEFFTUPNBTTFQSPEVDFQPSVOBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB b) "NCPTDBTPT MBBQFSUVSBEFMPTFTUPNBTZMBTVEPSBDJØO UJFOFOFODPNÞORVFTFEFTFODBEFOBOQPSVO FTUÓNVMP TJNJMBS FM BVNFOUP EF MB UFNQFSBUVSB Z RVFUJFOFODPNPSFTQVFTUBMBMJCFSBDJØOEFBHVBQPS QBSUFEFMPSHBOJTNP4FEJGFSFODJBOFODVBOUPBMPT ØSHBOPTFGFDUPSFT ZBRVFFOFMDBTPEFMBTQMBOUBTTPO MPT FTUPNBT Z FO FM DBTP EF MPT TFSFT IVNBOPT MBT HMÈOEVMBTTVEPSÓQBSBT c) 6OB EJGFSFODJB FOUSF BNCPT NFDBOJTNPT FT RVF MBT QMBOUBTDBSFDFOEFDFOUSPTEFQSPDFTBNJFOUP &TRVFNBQBSB sudoración

&TRVFNBEF USBOTQJSBDJØOFO QMBOUBT

&TUÓNVMPBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB BNCJFOUBM

&TUÓNVMPBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB BNCJFOUBM

RecFQUPSFTEFMBQJFM

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$FOUSPEF QSPDFTBNJFOUP

&GFDUPSHMÈOEVMB TVEPSÓQBSB

&GFDUPSFTUPNB

ResQVFTUBMJCFSBDJØOEF sudor

ResQVFTUBMJCFSBDJØOEF WBQPSEFBHVB

SBDJØOEFMFOUPSOPNVZBNQMJPFOUPEPNPNFOUP-BMJFCSFFTIFSCÓWPSB QPSMPRVFTFHVSBNFOUFFTQSFTBEFBMHÞODBSOÓWPSP%JDIPTPKPTMFQFSNJUFOEFUFDUBSMBQSFTFODJB EF QSFEBEPSFT &M IBMDØO FO DBNCJP SFRVJFSF HSBO QSFDJTJØOFOMBDBQUVSB&TUPTFMPHSBHSBDJBTBMBQSFTFODJBEFWJTJØOFTUFSFPTDØQJDB 9. &O MB WJTJØO NPOPDVMBS DBEB PKP FYQMPSB VOB QBSUF EFM FOUPSOPZDVBOEPTFGVTJPOBOBNCPTDBNQPT TFQSPEVDF VOBJNBHFOÞOJDBZFO%4JWFNPTEPCMFBMFTUBSDBOTBEPT OPTPUSPT RVFUFOFNPTNBZPSJUBSJBNFOUFVOBWJTJØO CJOPDVMBS EFCFTFSRVFBMPKPMFDVFTUBGVTJPOBSBNCBT JNÈHFOFTZTFQSPEVDFFTUFGFOØNFOPEFiWFSEPCMFw WJTJØOEFDBEBPKPQPSTFQBSBEP

Página 33 10.&MIFDIPEFRVFFOBOJNBMFTDPNPMBTNFEVTBTVOSFDFQUPSTFOTPSJBMTFFTUJNVMBBOUFEJGFSFOUFTGPSNBTEFFOFSHÓBQFSPOPPDVSSFBTÓFOPUSPT DPNPFOMPTWFSUFCSBEPT QPESÓB FYQMJDBSTF QPSRVF FWPMVUJWBNFOUF MPT SFDFQUPSFT TFFTQFDJBMJ[BSPOZQBTBSPOEFTFSVOJEBEFTTJNQMFTBWFSEBEFSPTØSHBOPT&OFTUPTDBTPT FYJTUFTFOTJCJMJEBEBVO UJQPEFFOFSHÓBFOQBSUJDVMBS NJFOUSBTRVFFOPUSPT DPO FTUSVDUVSBT OP UBO FTQFDJBMJ[BEBT QVFEFO EFUFDUBS NÈT EFVOUJQP 11. &MIFDIPEFWFSDVBOEPFOSFBMJEBETFUSBUBEFVOFTUÓNVMP NFDÈOJDP FM GSPUBNJFOUP TF QVFEF FYQMJDBS EF FTUF NPEPTBCFNPTRVFMPTØSHBOPTZSFDFQUPSFTTFOTPSJBMFT SFTQPOEFOBFTUÓNVMPTFTQFDÓGJDPTDPOVOVNCSBMFOQBSUJDVMBS%FFTUBNBOFSB FMVNCSBMEFMPTGPUPSSFDFQUPSFT BMBMV[QPESÓBTFSNÓOJNP NJFOUSBTRVFQBSBVOFTUÓNVMP NFDÈOJDP QPESÓB TFS NÈT BMUP GSPUBS Z OP TPMBNFOUF SP[BS %FDVBMRVJFSNBOFSB EBEPRVFFMPKPFTVOBFTUSVDUVSBFTQFDÓGJDB ØSHBOPEFMBWJTJØO

MBÞOJDBJOUFSQSFUBDJØOQPTJCMFBVOFTUÓNVMPFTMBWJTVBM

Página 37 12.&TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOUPNBSTFVOUJFNQP QBSBBOBMJ[BSEFUBMMBEBNFOUFMBFYQFSJFODJBZDPNQSFOEFS DBEBVOPEFMPTQBTPTZFMFNFOUPTRVFTFVUJMJ[BO

Página 30 5. 1PEFNPTEFDJSRVFMBTBCFKBTTPODJFHBTQBSBFMSPKPEFCJEPBRVFFMPKPRVFQPTFFOFTTFOTJCMFIBTUBFMOBSBOKB 1PSMPUBOUP OPQVFEFOEJTUJOHVJSMPTEFNÈTDPMPSFT QPS BSSJCB EF FTUBT MPOHJUVEFT Z QFSDJCFO UPEPT FMMPT EF MB NJTNBNBOFSB 6. 4JMPTCBTUPOFTOPJOGPSNBODPMPSFTQFSPTPONVZTFOTJCMFTBMBMV[ EFCFOFTUBSQSFTFOUFTFONÈTDBOUJEBEFO BRVFMMPTBOJNBMFTEFIÈCJUPTOPDUVSOPT DVBOEPMBMV[OP BCVOEB&OFTUFDBTPTFUSBUBSÓBEFBOJNBMFTDPOWJTJØO FTDPUØQJDB EF JNBHFO OP UBO OÓUJEB QFSP RVF SFRVJFSF NFOPTMV[QBSBTVGPSNBDJØO

13. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFQVFEFOEBSDVFOUBEFRVFFOFTUFDBTP MPTBMVNOPTEFMBFYQFSJFODJBQMBOUFBSPOMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFMBBVEJDJØOQFSNJUBEFUFSNJOBSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMTPOJEP FTEFDJS EFEØOEFQSPWJFOFMBGVFOUF EF TPOJEP -B IJQØUFTJT TFSÓB MB BVEJDJØO QFSNJUF UBNCJÏOEFUFSNJOBSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMTPOJEP b) -BJOUFODJØOEFFTUBQSFHVOUBFTQFOTBSFOFMTFOUJEP EFMBWJTUBZRVFFTFDPOPDJNJFOUPQVFEFTFOUBSCBTFT TPCSF MBT DVBMFT QFOTBS FM TFOUJEP EF MB BVEJDJØO BM JHVBMRVFMBQSFTFODJBEFEPTPKPTFOMPTRVFIBZTVQFSQPTJDJØO EF DBNQPT WJTVBMFT RVF QFSNJUFO WJTJØO FTUFSFPTDØQJDB MBQSFTFODJBEFEPTPÓEPTIBDFRVFMB QFSDFQDJØOEFTPOJEPTTFBFTUFSFPGØOJDB c) $BEBHSVQPQPESÈQFOTBSTVQSFEJDDJØOPTVQPTJDJØO QPSFKFNQMPTJOPTUVSOBNPTQBSBQSPEVDJSTPOJEPT FOUPODFT EFQFOEJFOEP EF MB QPTJDJØO FM BMVNOP "


2 La captación de los estímulos

10

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QPESÈEFUFSNJOBSDPOQSFDJTJØOEFTEFEØOEFQSPWJFne el sonido. d) $VBOEPMBGVFOUFTFMPDBMJ[BFO KVTUPGSFOUFBMRVF FTDVDIB MBEJTUBODJBFTMBNJTNBIBTUBBNCPTPÓEPT QPS MP UBOUP FM TPOJEP MMFHB TJNVMUÈOFBNFOUF B MPT EPT&ODBNCJP QBSBDVBMRVJFSPUSBMPDBMJ[BDJØO MMFHBSÈQSJNFSPBVOPÓEPVPUSP ZFTUPFTMPRVFQFSNJUFMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMBGVFOUF e) $POFTUBTFHVOEBFYQFSJFODJB MBJEFBFTRVFFMTPOJEP EFTEFVOBEFUFSNJOBEBQPTJDJØOMMFHVFBPUSPPÓEP&M BMVNOPDPOGVOEJSÈMBMPDBMJ[BDJØO MPDVBMIBCMBEFMB GPSNB DPNP FTUPT FTUÓNVMPT TPO JOUFSQSFUBEPT FO FM DFSFCSP&OFTUBQBSUFFTJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPT SFWJTFOMPUSBCBKBEPFOSFMBDJØODPOWJCSBDJPOFTNFDÈOJDBTZQVFEBOQFOTBSTJDPOMBEJTQPTJDJØOEFMPTØSHBOPTFOPUSPTBOJNBMFTUBNCJÏOTFEBFTUFGFOØNFOP&OHFOFSBM FTUPTFWFFOMPTWFSUFCSBEPTZUBNCJÏO FOMPTJOTFDUPTRVFQPTFFOØSHBOPTUJNQÈOJDPT f) 1BSBGPSNVMBSOVFWBTIJQØUFTJTTFFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOQFOTBSFOPUSBTWBSJBCMFT QPSFKFNQMPMB JOUFOTJEBEEFMTPOJEPRVFTFQVFEFEFUFDUBS PMBEJTDSJNJOBDJØOEFGVFOUFT EPTGVFOUFTEFTPOJEPRVFBMBWF[ FTUJNVMBOBMPTGPOPSSFDFQUPSFT

FOUSFPUSBT

OÞNFSPT &TUPT ÞMUJNPT GPSNBO VO USJÈOHVMP FOUSF TÓ 5PEPTFMMPTTPOEFDPMPSOFHSP4FUVWPFODVFOUBRVFFTUPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTBTPDJBOVODPMPSDPOVOOÞNFSP SPKP WFSEF 21.-BIJQØUFTJTEFMPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTQPESÓBTFSRVFMBTJOFTUFTJB FT FM SFTVMUBEP EF VOB NF[DMB EF TVT TFOUJEPT FT EFDJS TVT QFSDFQDJPOFT TFOTPSJBMFT TF NF[DMBO FOUSF TÓ &TUPTSFTVMUBEPTQBSFDFOUJSBSBCBKPPUSBTIJQØUFTJT#ÈTJDBNFOUF TJMBTQFSTPOBTTJOFTUÏTJDBTNJOUJFSBO TFMFTEJGJDVMUBSÓBFMGÈDJMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMPTOÞNFSPTFOUSF MPT ZFMMPHSØIBDFSMPEFNBOFSBTBUJTGBDUPSJB 22.6OB EF MBT FYQMJDBDJPOFT NÈT GVFSUFT QBSB MB TJOFTUFTJB QBSFDF TFS MB JOUFSQSFUBDJØO FO MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP&OTFOUJEPFTQFDÓGJDP EPTÈSFBTEFMDFSFCSPRVF FOTJUVBDJPOFTOPSNBMFTTFIBMMBOTFQBSBEBTFOUSFTÓ TF FTUJNVMBONVUVBNFOUFZTFNF[DMBOMBTQFSDFQDJPOFT

Páginas 40 y 41 23. Forma de energía

Estímulo

Receptor

Lumínica

-V[

Mecánica

1SFTJØONFDÈOJDB .FDBOP sobre superficie SSFDFQUPSFT EFMDVFSQP WJCSBDJPOFTEFM NFEJPPOEBT sonoras, HSBWFEBE

1FMPT TJTUFNBEF MBMÓOFBMBUFSBM sensilias BVEJUJWBT ØSHBOP UJNQÈOJDPPÓEP FTUBUPDJTUPT FTUBUPMJUPT BQBSBUP WFTUJCVMBS

Química

4VTUBODJBT RVÓNJDBTB EJTUBODJBZQPS DPOUBDUP

2VJNJP SSFDFQUPSFT

$ÏMVMBTTFOTJCMFT GPTFUBT sensoriales, papilas HVTUBUJWBT DPOEVDUPT nasales, órgano EF+BDPCTPO

Térmica

5FNQFSBUVSB

5FSNP SSFDFQUPSFT

'PTFUBTGBDJBMFT SFDFQUPSFTEFMB piel.

Magnética

$BNQP NBHOÏUJDP UFSSFTUSF

.BHOFUP SSFDFQUPSFT

.BHOFUJUBFO EJTUJOUBTQBSUFT EFMDVFSQPTFHÞO FMTFSWJWP

Eléctrica

&MFDUSJDJEBE

&MFDUSP SSFDFQUPSFT

3FDFQUPSFT UVCFSPTPTPEF BNQPMMB DPODFOUSBEPTFO MBDBCF[B alrededor de la CPDBZFOFM TJTUFNBEFMB MÓOFBMBUFSBM

'PUPSSFDFQUPSFT

Página 38 14.1BSBDPOPDFSFMDPOUFYUPFOFMRVFTFEFTBSSPMMBMBWJEBEF


.POFU BEFNÈT EF BOBMJ[BS MPT UJFNQPT RVF TF NFODJPOBO FTJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTUFOHBOFODVFOUBFM MVHBSZBMHVOPTIFDIPTIJTUØSJDPT 15. .POFUQSFUFOEÓBQJOUBSUPEBTMBTWBSJFEBEFTEFOFOÞGBSFT RVFFNQF[ØBDVMUJWBSFOFMKBSEÓOEFTVDBTBFO(JWFSOZ 6OQSPCMFNBEFTBMVEFOTVTPKPTMFJNQJEJØDPOUJOVBS DPOTVUSBCBKP IBTUBRVFGJOBMNFOUFEFDJEJØPQFSBSTF 16. "NCBTQJOUVSBTQSFUFOEFOSFGMFKBSMPNJTNP TJOFNCBSHP QVFEFWFSTFBUSBWÏTEFFMMBTRVFEVSBOUFMPTWFJOUFB×PT FOUSF MB QSJNFSB Z MB TFHVOEB FTUB FOGFSNFEBE BMUFSØ MB QFSDFQDJØOWJTVBMEFMQJOUPS 17. 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO QFOTBS FO RVF FTUB BMUFSBDJØO TF EFCFBVOQSPCMFNBFOFMPKP QPSBDVNVMBDJØOEFQJHNFOUPTRVFDPOEVDFBVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJØOEJGFSFOUFEFM FOUPSOP%FBIÓRVF.POFUZBOPGPSNBSBJNÈHFOFTOÓUJEBTOJEJTUJOHVJFSBGPSNBTZTPMPQFSDJCJFSBMVDFTZTPNCSBT&OFTUFDBTP MPTQJHNFOUPTRVFTFFTUJNVMBOBMPOHJUVEFTEFPOEBDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFTBMWJPMFUB B[VMZWFSEF TF BDVNVMBSPO FO FM DSJTUBMJOP F JNQJEJFSPO RVF MB MV[ QBTBSBIBTUBMBSFUJOB-BMV[SPKBZBNBSJMMBTFHVÓBQBTBOEP MPRVFIBDÓBRVF.POFUQFSDJCJFSBTVNVOEPFOUPOPT DÈMJEPTZMVFHP ZBTJODPMPSFT

Página 39 18. &MBSUÓDVMPMMFWBFTFOPNCSFEFCJEPBRVFMPTTJOFTUÏTJDPT EFMPTRVFTFIBCMB QBSFDFODPOGVOEJSPNF[DMBSVOTFOUJEPDPOPUSP 19. -BTIJQØUFTJTRVFTFGPSNVMBSPOFOSFMBDJØODPOFTUFGFOØNFOPTPOIJQØUFTJTFYQMJDBDJPOFTFOSFMBDJØODPOFMBCVTPEFESPHBTIJQØUFTJTMPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTSFNFNPSBOZBTPDJBOFYQFSJFODJBTWJWJEBTFOMBJOGBODJBIJQØUFTJTOPIBCSÓBUBMFOGFSNFEBE TPMPVOVTPNFUBGØSJDPEFMMFOHVBKF 20. &MFOTBZPDPOTJTUFFONPTUSBSMFTBEFUFSNJOBEPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTVOBTUBSKFUBTRVFUJFOFOWBSJPTOÞNFSPTZBMHVOPT

Estructuras implicadas $ÏMVMBT GPUPTFOTJCMFT NBODIBTEF QJHNFOUP PDFMPT PKPTJNQMF PKP DPNQVFTUPZFO DÈNBSB

11


1/22/10 4:57:20 PM

24. a) -BTEPTGPUPTTPOEFMBNJTNBJNBHFOVOHJSBTPM-B" b) c)

d)

e)

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14


1/22/10 4:57:22 PM

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15


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19.

FMFTUÓNVMP Tipo de transporte

El monóxido de nitrógeno atraviesa libremente la bicapa lipídica.

Fagocitosis

La bomba de sodio-potasio permite mantener dentro de la célula bajas concentraciones de sodio y altas de potasio.

Difusión facilitada

En la membrana se forman vesículas que engloban una bacteria para luego incorporarla al interior celular.

Ósmosis

El calcio atraviesa la membrana con la “ayuda” de proteínas transportadoras, pero sin gasto de energía.

Transporte activo a través de la membrana

El agua atraviesa la membrana plasmática sin gasto de energía.

Difusión simple

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16


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ZFOMBQBSUFJOGFSJPSEFMBFTQBMEB MVNCBS EFMBNÏEVMB FTQJOBM-PTBYPOFTEFM4/1TVSHFOEFMBSFHJØODSBOFBOBZ EFMB[POBTBDSB FOFMGJOBMEFMBNÏEVMBFTQJOBM 11."OUFEFUFSNJOBEBTTJUVBDJPOFT QVFEFPDVSSJSRVFTFFTUJNVMFOBNCPTTJTUFNBTBMBWF[ZTFQSPEV[DBVODPMBQTP 4FHÞOMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMBFTUJNVMBDJØO QSFWBMFDFSÈVOB SFTQVFTUBVPUSB-BTFOTBDJØOEFCPDBTFDBTFEFCFBMB BDDJØOTJNQÈUJDBRVFFTUJNVMBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFQFRVF×BTDBOUJEBEFTEFTBMJWBWJTDPTB-BFTUJNVMBDJØOTJNQÈUJDBJOIJCFUPEBTMBTGVODJPOFTEJHFTUJWBT QPSFTPUFOFNPT FTBTFOTBDJØOFOFMFTUØNBHP&ODVBOUPBMMMBOUP FM4/1 FTUJNVMBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFMÈHSJNBT

Página 101 12.&MBDUPSFGMFKPFTMBSFTQVFTUBDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFBMGVODJPOBNJFOUP EF VO HSVQP EF OFVSPOBT RVF FO DPOKVOUP DPOTUJUVZFO FM BSDP SFGMFKP &M BSDP SFGMFKP FT MB VOJEBE GVODJPOBMEFMBDUPSFGMFKP 13.&OMBSFTQVFTUBSFGMFKBJOUFSWJFOFOGJCSBTTFOTJUJWBTZNPUPSBTEFMBNÏEVMBFTQJOBM

Página 102 14. a) -BUPYJOBCPUVMÓOJDBFTVOBOFVSPUPYJOBRVFJNQJEF MB MJCFSBDJØO EF BDFUJMDPMJOB FO MBT VOJPOFT OFVSPNVTDVMBSFTPFOPUSBTVOJPOFTDPMJOÏSHJDBTZQSPEVDF VOB EFOFSWBDJØO QBSDJBM SFWFSTJCMF EF MPT NÞTDVMPT EPOEFTFJOZFDUBPEFMBTHMÈOEVMBTFYPDSJOBT-VFHP EFTVJOZFDDJØOJOUSBNVTDVMBS JOUSBEÏSNJDBPJOUSB-

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Página 103 15. a) -BCFCJEBQSFGFSJEBQBSBMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTRVFDPOTVNFO VO TPMP USBHP FT FM WJOP "QSPYJNBEBNFOUF FM EFMPTBEPMFTDFOUFT b) 1BSBBRVFMMPTRVFDPOTVNFOFOUSFZUSBHPT FMWJOP OPFTMBCFCJEBQSFWBMFDJFOUF TJOPRVFTFPCTFSWBVO BVNFOUPEFMDPOTVNPEFCFCJEBTGVFSUFTZDFSWF[B c) 4FHÞO FMHSÈGJDP MPTRVFDPOTVNFO NBZPSDBOUJEBE EF USBHPT QPS PDBTJØO QSFGJFSFO FO QSJNFS MVHBS MB DFSWF[BZFOTFHVOEPMVHBSMBTCFCJEBTGVFSUFT

Página 104 16.MB JNQPSUBODJB EFM FTUVEJP SFBMJ[BEP FO FM *OTUJUVUP EF /FVSPMPHÓBEF-POESFTFTMBSFMBDJØOFOUSFMBQFSDFQDJØO EFMBGPSNBDPSQPSBMZMBBDUJWJEBEEFMBDPSUF[BQBSJFUBM 17.&MUÓUVMPEFMBOPUBi4FOUJSTFHPSEPPGMBDPFTVOBJMVTJØOw IBDFSFGFSFODJBBMBTFOTBDJØOEFBEFMHB[BNJFOUPEFMB DJOUVSBRVFFYQFSJNFOUBSPORVJFOFTTFTPNFUJFSPOBMFTUVEJP 18.-BT[POBTDFSFCSBMFTNÈTBDUJWBTTFJEFOUJGJDBSPOQPSQSFTFOUBSVOBVNFOUPFOFMGMVKPTBOHVÓOFP MPRVFHBSBOUJ[B VO NBZPS BQPSUF EF OVUSJFOUFT Z PYÓHFOP -B BDUJWJEBE OFVSPOBMJNQMJDBVOBVNFOUPFOFMNFUBCPMJTNPDFMVMBS MBHFOFSBDJØOEFQPUFODJBMFTEFBDDJØOZMBUSBOTNJTJØO EFJOGPSNBDJØOFOGPSNBEFJNQVMTPTOFSWJPTPTBPUSBT neuronas. 19.&OMB'FSJBEF$JFODJBTEF#BSDFMPOB MPTWJTJUBOUFTWJWFODJBSPOFYQFSJFODJBTTJNJMBSFTBMBRVFBUSBWFTBSPOMPTWPMVOUBSJPTEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOBDFSDBEFDØNPFMDFSFCSPWF MBTGPSNBT 20.6OFKFNQMPEFPUSBTJUVBDJØORVFQVFEBFYQMJDBSTFQPSFM iFGFDUP1JOPDIPwTFSÓBDVBOEPVOBQFSTPOBPZFFMMMBOUP JOFYJTUFOUFEFTVCFCÏPFMTPOJEPGJDUJDJPEFTVUFMÏGPOP DFMVMBSi4POGFOØNFOPTQTJDPBDÞTUJDPT SFMBDJPOBEPTDPO TPOJEPT DPO VO GVFSUF DPOUFOJEP FNPDJPOBMw 4FHÞO MPT OFVSPDJFOUÓGJDPT FTUF NFDBOJTNP QPESÓB FYQMJDBS UBNCJÏOMBTFOTBDJØOEFMiNJFNCSPGBOUBTNBwRVFQFSDJCFO DJFSUBTQFSTPOBTDPONJFNCSPTBNQVUBEPT

Página 105 21.1IJOFBT(BHFGVFUBOGBNPTPQPSMBFYUSBPSEJOBSJBOBUVSBMF[BEFMBDDJEFOUFRVFTVGSJØZQPSFMIFDIPEFTVNJMB-

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Páginas 106 y 107 25.5PEBTMBTGVODJPOFTNFODJPOBEBTEFCFOTFSSFBMJ[BEBTQPS MBTOFVSPOBTZBRVFTPOMBTDÏMVMBTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP

26."VORVFFMFTUÓNVMPTFBNÈTJOUFOTP MBBNQMJUVEEFMQPUFODJBMEFBDDJØOOPWBSÓB$VBOUPNÈTQSPGVOEBNFOUFTF QSFTJPOF MB QJFM TF QSPEVDJSÈO JNQVMTPT OFSWJPTPT DPO NBZPSGSFDVFODJB&MPSEFOFT% # " $ 27.-BGSFOPMPHÓBGVFVOQSJNFSJOUFOUPEFBTJHOBSEJTUJOUBT GVODJPOFTBDJFSUBT[POBTEFMDFSFCSP"DUVBMNFOUF DVBOEPMBTOFVSPDJFODJBTDPHOJUJWBTDPODJCFOFMDFSFCSPDPNP VOB NBMMB DPNQMFKB GPSNBEB QPS NJMFT EF NJMMPOFT EF DÏMVMBT OFSWJPTBT FOUSFMB[BEBT TJUVBEBT FO QVOUPT NVZ EJTUBOUFTVOBTEFPUSBTZDPPSEJOBEBTFOMBFKFDVDJØOEF TVTUBSFBT TJHVFWJWBMBQSFPDVQBDJØOQPSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØO -B EJGFSFODJB GVOEBNFOUBM FT RVF MB GSFOPMPHÓB DPSSFMBDJPOBCBVOBEFUFSNJOBEB[POBDPOVOBGVODJØOFTQFDÓGJDB0USBEJGFSFODJBJNQPSUBOUÓTJNBFTRVFFTUBUFPSÓBTPTUFOÓBRVFMBDBQBDJEBEEFGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFDBEBVOBTF DPSSFMBDJPOBCBDPOTVUBNB×PZMBFYUFOTJØOQFSJGÏSJDB "EFNÈT QMBOUFBCBRVFBMTFSFMDPOUPSOPDSBOFBMQBSBMFMP B MB TVQFSGJDJF EFM DFSFCSP VO PCTFSWBEPS QPEÓB MFFS DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTNFOUBMFTBQBSUJSEFMBGPSNBEFMDSÈOFP &TBDMBTJGJDBDJØOEFMPTJOTUJOUPTZEFMBTGBDVMUBEFTNPSBMFTFJOUFMFDUVBMFT BSCJUSBSJBQPSNVDIPTDPODFQUPT OP UJFOFTVSFQSFTFOUBDJØOFYBDUBFOMPTØSHBOPTDFSFCSBMFT

28. a) &MHMVUBNBUPFTVOOFVSPUSBOTNJTPSFYDJUBUPSJP"DUÞB FO MB NFNCSBOB QPTUTJOÈQUJDB &O MPT DBTPT FYQFSJNFOUBMFTFOMPTRVFTFBENJOJTUSBSPODBOUJEBEFTFMFWBEBT EF HMVUBNBUP TF PCTFSWØ RVF FM EB×P FTUBCB SFTUSJOHJEPBMBTDÏMVMBTQPTUTJOÈQUJDBTMBTEFOESJUBTEF FTUBT OFVSPOBT FTUBCBO UVNFGBDUBT NJFOUSBT RVF MBT


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UFSNJOBDJPOFTQSFTJOÈQUJDBTFSBOEFUBNB×PZGPSNB OPSNBMFT b) -BEFTUSVDDJØOOFVSPOBMTFQSPEVDFQPSMBBDUJWBDJØO QSPMPOHBEBEFMBUSBOTNJTJØOTJOÈQUJDBFYDJUBUPSJB FT EFDJS EFFGFDUPEFTQPMBSJ[BOUF 29.&OMPTNPNFOUPTBZC RVFTPOTJUVBDJPOFTEFBMBSNBP FTUSÏT FTUÈBDUVBOEPFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPTJNQÈUJDP QSFQBSBOEPFMDVFSQPQBSBMBIVJEB1PSFTPIBZQBMJEF[EFCJEPBMBWBTPDPOTUSJDDJØOEFMPTWBTPTTBOHVÓOFPTEFMB QJFM4FFTUJNVMBOMBTHMÈOEVMBTTVEPSÓQBSBT EJTNJOVZFMB BDUJWJEBEEJHFTUJWBZTFDPOUSBFFMFTGÓOUFSEFMSFDUP)BZ VONBZPSBQPSUFEFTBOHSFBMPTNÞTDVMPT&MNPNFOUPD TFDPSSFTQPOEFDPOMBBDDJØOEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPQBSBTJNQÈUJDP ZMPTWBMPSFTWVFMWFOBMBOPSNBMJEBE

30. a) &OMBFOGFSNFEBEEF"M[IFJNFSFTUÈBGFDUBEBMBNFNPSJB BOUFSØHSBEB P EF DPSUP QMB[P QPSRVF OP TF QVFEFOBQSFOEFSDPTBTOVFWBT BVORVFTÓTFQVFEFO SFDPSEBSFQJTPEJPTWJWJEPTDPOBOUFSJPSJEBE b) -B BDFUJMDPMJOB FT VO /5 FYDJUBUPSJP FTFODJBM QBSB FM QSPDFTPEFNFNPSJBZBQSFOEJ[BKF&OFMDBTPEFM"M[IFJNFS MBEFTUSVDDJØOOFVSPOBMQPSMBTQMBDBTEFMB QSPUFÓOBBNJFMPJEFEJTNJOVZFMBEFTDBSHBEFBDFUJMDPMJOB MP RVF BGFDUB MB QSPEVDDJØO EF NFNPSJB SFDJFOUFFOFMIJQPDBNQPZMBBNÓHEBMB

31. a) &MFTUVEJPNPTUSØRVFFM EFMBTDPOTVMUBTBDVEJFSPOBMBTBMBEFFNFSHFODJBQPSBMHÞOQSPCMFNBBTPDJBEPBMDPOTVNPEFTVTUBODJBTQTJDPBDUJWBT ZRVFFSB FMBMDPIPMMBTVTUBODJBEFNBZPSJNQBDUPFOFMTJTUFNB EFBUFODJØOEFFNFSHFODJBTFOFMQBÓT FTEFDJSRVFEF MPTQBDJFOUFTRVFIBCÓBODPOTVNJEPBMDPIPMFOMBTTFJT IPSBTBOUFSJPSFTBMBDPOTVMUB FM EFCÓBMBTJUVBDJØOEFVSHFODJBBEJDIPDPOTVNP&OTFHVOEPMVHBS TFFODVFOUSBOMBNBSJIVBOB USBORVJMJ[BOUFTZTFEBOUFTZ QPSÞMUJNP DPDBÓOBT JOIBMBCMFTZBOGFUBNJOBT b) &O MB JOWFTUJHBDJØO SFBMJ[BEB FO MB QSPWJODJB EF -B 1BNQBTFWJPVOBMUPDPOTVNPEFBMDPIPMFOMPTBEPMFTDFOUFT&OFMHSÈGJDPRVFNVFTUSBMPTSFTVMUBEPTEFM FTUVEJPSFBMJ[BEPFOTBMBTEFFNFSHFODJBTFJEFOUJGJDB FMBMDPIPMDPNPMBESPHBQSJODJQBMWJODVMBEBBTJUVBDJPOFTEFFNFSHFODJB c) -PTEBUPTEFMHSÈGJDPBGJSNBOMBHSBOJODJEFODJBRVFUJFOFOMBTESPHBTEFUPEPUJQPFOMBWJEBEJBSJBEFMPTTFSFT IVNBOPT ZBTFBOMFHBMFTPJMFHBMFTZMBHSBOWBSJFEBE EFTVTUBODJBTRVFFKFSDFOTVBDDJØOTPCSFFM4/$

32. © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

a) &MDVSBSFUJFOFQPDPTFGFDUPTDVBOEPTFJOHJFSF QFSP DVBOEPQFOFUSBBUSBWÏTEFMBQJFMBDUÞBDPOHSBOSBQJEF[ &KFSDF CMPRVFP DPNQFUJUJWP EF MPT SFDFQUPSFT DPMJOÏSHJDPTFOMBQMBDBNPUPSB QPSMPUBOUP TFJOIJCF MB DPOUSBDDJØO NVTDVMBS $VBOEP TF BENJOJTUSB VOB EPTJT BEFDVBEB QPS WÓB JOUSBWFOPTB TF PCTFSWB VOBEFCJMJEBENPUPSBJOJDJBMRVFQSPHSFTBBQBSÈMJTJT NVTDVMBS-PTQSJNFSPTNÞTDVMPTFOQBSBMJ[BSTFTPO MPTPDVMBSFTZMPTGBDJBMFT%FTQVÏTTFBGFDUBMBNVTDVMBUVSB EF MBT FYUSFNJEBEFT EFM DVFMMP Z EFM USPODP 'JOBMNFOUFTFQBSBMJ[BOMPTNÞTDVMPTJOUFSDPTUBMFTZ FMEJBGSBHNB MPRVFDPOEVDFBMBBQOFB QSPEVDJFOEPMBNVFSUF

b) &M DVSBSF QFSUFOFDF BM HSVQP EF SFMBKBOUFT NVTDVMBSFT RVFTFVTBOFODJFSUBTDJSVHÓBT ZBRVFTFQVFEFMPHSBS VOBNBZPSSFMBKBDJØONVTDVMBSTJOMMFHBSBMBBOFTUFTJB

6 El control nervioso en los

animales Página 114 5. &TUBDPOTJHOBQSFUFOEFRVFMPTBMVNOPTUPNFODPODJFODJB EFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFSFQBTBSZEFUFOFSTFBOUFDPODFQUPTZB USBCBKBEPTZOFDFTBSJPTQBSBQSPGVOEJ[BSPUSPTDPOUFOJEPT QPSFKFNQMPIJQFSQPMBSJ[BDJØO 6. &MQBSBNFDJPQVFEFDBNCJBSEFEJSFDDJØOQBSBNBOUFOFSTFBMFKBEPEFMFTUÓNVMPOPDJWPPEFTBHSBEBCMF ZQVFEF SFBDDJPOBS FO GPSNB TJNJMBS QBSB NBOUFOFSTF DFSDB EF PUSPFTUÓNVMPRVFSFTVMUFBUSBDUJWP5BNCJÏOQVFEFDBNCJBSMBWFMPDJEBEEFOBUBDJØO QFSPFOUPEPTMPTDBTPTIBZ VOBPSJFOUBDJØOZOPTPMPVODBNCJPEFMNPWJNJFOUP QPS MPRVFTFDPOTJEFSBVOUBYJTNP

Página 120 7. 4JTFUSBUBEFVOJOWFSUFCSBEP ZFYJTUFVOBTPMBNPUPOFVSPOBRVFDPOUSPMBFMNPWJNJFOUPNVTDVMBS VOEB×POFVSPOBMQVFEFTJHOJGJDBSMBJNQPTJCJMJEBEEFNPWJNJFOUPP IBTUBJODMVTPMBQBSÈMJTJTEFMBOJNBM NÈTBÞOTJTFUSBUBEF MBNPUPOFVSPOBRVFDPOUSPMBUPEPTMPTNÞTDVMPTEFVOB FYUSFNJEBE&OFMDBTPEFVOWFSUFCSBEP BMIBCFSSFEVOEBODJB FYJTUFOPUSBTOFVSPOBTRVFJOFSWBOFMNJTNPNÞTculo, con lo cual las consecuencias de la lesión de una ÞOJDBNPUPOFVSPOBQPTJCMFNFOUFTFBONFOPTHSBWFT

Página 121 8. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB%FQFOEFSÈEFMBSUÓDVMPTFMFDDJPOBEP Página 122 9. &MSFDFQUPSJOWPMVDSBEPFTVONFDBOPSSFDFQUPS$BQUBWJCSBDJPOFTEFMNFEJPDJSDVOEBOUF&OFTUFDBTP DPNPFTUPTSFDFQUPSFTTPOTFOTJCMFTBMBTWJCSBDJPOFTEFMBTPOEBT TPOPSBTRVFWJBKBOBUSBWÏTEFMNFEJP IBCMBNPTEFGPOPrrecepción. 10.%VSBOUFNVDIPUJFNQPTFEJTDVUJØTPCSFTJMPTDFGBMØQPEPTFSBODBQBDFTEFQFSDJCJSTPOJEPT-BNFUÈGPSBEFMUÓUVMP IBDF SFGFSFODJB B RVF B QBSUJS EF FTUF IBMMB[HP FT DPNPTJIVCJFSBFOFMNBSiNÈTPÓEPTwRVFBOUFT ZBRVF TPONÈTMPTBOJNBMFTNBSJOPTRVFQVFEFOFTDVDIBSRVF MPTRVFTFDSFÓBBOUJHVBNFOUF 11.-PTDFGBMØQPEPTQSFTFOUBOVOTJTUFNBHBOHMJPOBSCJMBUFSBM DPOVOBBDVNVMBDJØOEFHBOHMJPTFOMBDBCF[BRVF DPOTUJUVZFVOWFSEBEFSPDFSFCSP 12.1BSBDPNQSPCBSTJVOBOJNBMFTTPSEP JOTFSUBOPDPMPDBO FMFDUSPEPTFOFMDVFSQPEFMBOJNBM ZSFHJTUSBOTJTFQSPEVDFODBNCJPTFMÏDUSJDPTDVBOEPFTUJNVMBODPOEJTUJOUPT sonidos. 13.4FHÞO FM FTUVEJP FM DBMBNBS QVFEF QFSDJCJS TPOJEPT FO VOBHBNBEFGSFDVFODJBTNÈTBMUB FTEFDJS QVFEFiFTDVDIBSwTPOJEPTRVFFMQVMQPOPEFUFDUB QPSFTPQPESÓBNPT EFDJS RVF FTDVDIB NFKPS BVORVF MP NÈT DPSSFDUP TFSÓB EFDJSRVFFTDVDIBNÈTWBSJFEBEEFTPOJEPTZUPOPT

19


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Página 123 16.-BOPUJDJBUJFOFEFOPWFEPTPRVFFMBOÈMJTJTEFMHFOPNB EFDJFSUBFTQFDJFEFFTQPOKBSFWFMBMBQSFTFODJBEFHFOFT DPOJOGPSNBDJØOTJNJMBSBMBEFDJFSUPTHFOFTRVFDPEJGJDBO QBSB QSPUFÓOBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO MBT TJOBQTJT EFM TJTUFNBOFSWJPTPIVNBOP-PSFMFWBOUFFTRVFFTUPTHFOFTQPESÓBOTFSMBTCBTFTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPQSFTFOUFFO MPTPSHBOJTNPTNÈTFWPMVDJPOBEPT 17.-BBGJSNBDJØOOPFTDPSSFDUB-BTFTQPOKBTOPUJFOFODÏMVMBT FYDJUBCMFT OJ SFTQPOEFO B WBSJBEPT FTUÓNVMPT QPS MP RVFTFDPOTJEFSBRVFOPQPTFFOVOTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP-B OPUJDJBQMBOUFBFMIBMMB[HPEFFTUPTHFOFT QFSPTFEFTDPOPDFRVÏGVODJØODVNQMJSÓBOFOMBTFTQPOKBTMBTQSPUFÓnas codificadas por ellos. 18.-PTBOJNBMFTDPOVONPEFMPEFPSHBOJ[BDJØOOFVSBMNÈT TJNQMFTPOMPTDOJEBSJPT DPODPOFYJPOFTFOGPSNBEFSFE RVFDPOTUJUVZFOVOQMFYPEJGVTP

Páginas 124 y 125 19. Modelo de organización nerviosa

Características estructurales

Características funcionales

Grupos de organismos que lo poseen

1MFYP

Red de neuronas inUFSDPOFDUBEBT RVFGPSNBO VOBNBMMB DPOUJOVB

&MJNQVMTP se irradia en UPEBTEJSFDciones. La reacción es HFOFSBMJ[BEB

$OJEBSJPT IJESBTZ NFEVTBT

FRVJOPEFSNPT FTUSFMMBTEF NBSCSBORVJBT EÏSNJDBT

NPMVTDPTZBSUSØQPEPT QMFYP JOUFTUJOBM

(BOHMJPOBS CJMBUFSBM

$BEFOB OFSWJPTBHBOHMJPOBSWFOUSBM ZOFSWJPT TFHNFOUBSJPT

.PWJNJFOUPT TFHNFOUBSJPT independienUFT Tendencia a la DFGBMJ[BDJØO

1MBUFMNJO UPT BOÏMJEPT NPMVTDPT BSUSØQPEPT

4JTUFNBOFSWJP TPDFOUSBMZ QFSJGÏSJDP 4/"Z TPNÈUJDP

*OUFHSBDJØO DPNQMFKBEF funciones. .FNPSJB BQSFOEJ[BKFZ DPNVOJDBDJØO

7FSUFCSBEPT

&ODFGÈMJDP

20. a) &MHSÈGJDPNVFTUSBFMDPODFQUPEFFODFGBMJ[BDJØO b) Z c)-BFODFGBMJ[BDJØOFTTJNJMBSQBSBMPTDIJNQBODÏTZMPT TFSFT IVNBOPT FO FM NPNFOUP EFM OBDJNJFOUP &O MB BEVMUF[ MPTIVNBOPTFTUÈOGVFSBEFMBFTDBMBDVBOEPTF DPNQBSBTVFODFGBMJ[BDJØODPOMBEFMPTPUSPTTJNJPT d) -B SFMBDJØO QFTP DFSFCSBMQFTP DPSQPSBM FO FM FTUBEP BEVMUPFTBQSPYJNBEBNFOUF WFDFTNBZPSFOMPTIVNBOPTSFTQFDUPEFMPTTJNJPT&MDFSFCSPEFMPTNBNÓ-

GFSPTBVNFOUBBNFEJEBRVFMPIBDFFMUBNB×PDPSQPSBM QFSPMPIBDFFOGPSNBQSPQPSDJPOBMNFOUFNFOPS DVBOUPNBZPSFTFMPSHBOJTNP%VSBOUFFMQSPDFTPEF IPNJOJ[BDJØOTFQSPEVKPVOFOPSNFEFTBSSPMMPEFMDFSFCSP6OPEFMPTSBTHPTRVFMFTIBOPUPSHBEPBMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTTVQPUFODJBMEJGFSFODJBMQBSFDFTFSFMBVNFOUPFOFMOÞNFSPEFDPOFYJPOFTOFVSPOBMFT 21. 1PESÈOBSNBSVODVBESPTJNJMBSBFTUF Invertebrados

Vertebrados

1MFYPEJGVTPPTJTUFNBHBOHMJPOBS &ODFGÈMJDP CJMBUFSBM $FSFCSPGPSNBEPQPSGVTJØOEF ganglios.

&ODÏGBMPDPOEJTUJOUBTSFHJPOFTZ funciones

4JTUFNBOFSWJPTPEFVCJDBDJØO WFOUSBM

4JTUFNBOFSWJPTPEFVCJDBDJØO dorsal.

5FOEFODJBBMBDFGBMJ[BDJØO

5FOEFODJBBMBVNFOUPEFUBNB×P ZDPNQMFKJEBE

22.-BEJGFSFODJBGVOEBNFOUBMFOUSFFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPIVNBOPZFMEFPUSPTNBNÓGFSPTSBEJDBFOFMEFTBSSPMMPEF MBDPSUF[BDFSFCSBM

23. a) &MVOJWFSTPTFOTPSJBMEFVOBHBSSBQBUBZFMEFVOTFS IVNBOPTPOEJGFSFOUFT FTUPUJFOFRVFWFSDPOMBQFSDFQDJØOEFFTUÓNVMPT FMUJQPEFSFDFQUPSFTTFOTPSJBMFTJOWPMVDSBEPTZFMTJTUFNBEFJOUFHSBDJØOEFUPEPT MPT FTUÓNVMPT RVF QFSNJUF B VO BOJNBM QFSDJCJS Z USBOTNJUJSJOGPSNBDJØOZFMBCPSBSVOBSFTQVFTUB b) &OFMDBTPEFMÈHVJMB TFUSBUBEFVONVOEPiEPNJOBEPwQPSMBWJTUB&OFMDBTPEFMNVSDJÏMBHP QPSMBFDPMPDBDJØO&MNVOEPEFDBEBVOPFTFYUSB×PQBSBFMPUSP QPSRVFTFQFSDJCFZTFDPODJCFEFEJGFSFOUFGPSNB 24.3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 25.-BJMVTUSBDJØONVFTUSBMBFWPMVDJØOEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP EFTEFMPTDOJEBSJPTIBTUBMPTNBNÓGFSPT-BFWPMVDJØOIB DPOEVDJEPBMBVNFOUPEFMBDPNQMFKJEBEHSBDJBTBMBBQBSJDJØOEFHSVQPTEFOFVSPOBTRVFGPSNBOHBOHMJPTZEF WÓBTOFSWJPTBTEFDPNVOJDBDJØOSÈQJEB MPTOFSWJPT&MTJHVJFOUFQBTPEFBVNFOUPEFDPNQMFKJEBEIBTJEPFMQSPDFTPEFDFGBMJ[BDJØOZMVFHPMBFODFGBMJ[BDJØO

7 El control endocrino Página 134 6. -B DPPQFSBDJØO BSNPOJPTB FOUSF MPT ØSHBOPT QMBOUFBEB por el consensus partium QPESÓBTFSVOBBOBMPHÓBEFMPT QSJODJQJPTRVFKVTUJGJDBCBOMBiPSHBOPUFSBQJBw FTEFDJS FM SFFNQMB[PEFVOØSHBOPFOGFSNPPGBMUBOUFQBSBSFDVQFSBSMBBSNPOÓBQFSEJEB 7. 4JNJMJUVEFTFOUSFMPTFYQFSJNFOUPTEF#FSUIPMEZMPTEF 4UBSMJOHZ#BZMJTTBNCPTUSBCBKBSPODPOØSHBOPTEFOFSWBEPTQBSBEFTDBSUBSFMFGFDUPEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPFOTVT FYQFSJNFOUPT&OBNCPTDBTPT MBTVTUBODJBSFTQPOTBCMF EFMFGFDUPMPHSBEPTFUSBOTQPSUBCBQPSMBTBOHSF%JGFSFODJBT#FSUIPMEDPOFDUBCBMPTUFTUÓDVMPTFODVBMRVJFSQBSUF EFM DVFSQP EFM HBMMP Z FTUP QFSNJUÓB RVF MBT TVTUBODJBT GBCSJDBEBT QPS FTUPT ØSHBOPT DJSDVMBSBO QPS MB TBOHSF QSPEVDJFOEP FGFDUP TPCSF FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MB DSFTUB Z MB DPOEVDUBEFMBOJNBM4UBSMJOHZ#BZMJTTDPNFO[BSPODPNQSPCBOEPRVFMBMJCFSBDJØOEFKVHPQBODSFÈUJDPOPSFRVF-


14.1PESÓBQFSNJUJSMFTMBDPNVOJDBDJØODPONJFNCSPTEFTV

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SÓBFMBQPSUFEFMOFSWJPWBHP-VFHP DVBOEPMPHSBSPOPCUFOFSMBTVTUBODJBSFTQPOTBCMF MBJOZFDUBSPOFOMBTBOHSF EJSFDUBNFOUF B EJGFSFODJB EF #FSUIPME RVF OP MPHSØ JEFOUJGJDBSMB

Página 137 8. La palabra mellitusEFSJWBEFVOBQBMBCSBHSJFHBRVFTJHOJGJDBiNJFMw ZFMOPNCSFIBDFBMVTJØOBRVFFOFTUBEPT BWBO[BEPTEFMBFOGFSNFEBE MBPSJOBUJFOFVOTBCPSEVMDF-BQSJNFSBJOEJDBDJØOGVFNÈTCJFOJOEJSFDUB ZBRVF MBPSJOBEFMPTEJBCÏUJDPTTPMÓBBUSBFSBMBTNPTDBT5BNCJÏO FT QSPCBCMF RVF MPT NÏEJDPT QSPCBSBO MB PSJOB EF TVTQBDJFOUFT&O FMRVÓNJDPGSBODÏT.JDIFM&VHFOF $IFWSFVMDPOTJHVJØEFNPTUSBSRVFFMTBCPSEVMDFTFEFCÓB BMBQSFTFODJBEFB[ÞDBS HMVDPTB 9. 1BSBEFUFDUBSB[ÞDBSFOMBPSJOB QVFEFODBMFOUBSTFFOVO UVCP EF FOTBZP VOBT QPDBT HPUBT FO VOB TPMVDJØO RVF DPOUJFOFTVMGBUPEFDPCSF RVFFTB[VM4JMBHMVDPTBFTUÈ QSFTFOUF TFGPSNBØYJEPEFDPCSF RVFFTEFDPMPSSPKJ[P FJOTPMVCMF QPSMPRVFTFFODVFOUSBVOQSFDJQJUBEPSPKJ[P FOFMGPOEPEFMUVCP-PDPOWFOJFOUFFTNFEJSMBHMVDFNJB QBSBMPDVBMTFVUJMJ[BFMUFTUEFUPMFSBODJBBMBHMVDPTB RVFNJEFFMEFTDFOTPEFMOJWFMEFHMVDPTBFOTBOHSF EFTQVÏTEFVOBJOHFTUBDPOBMUPDPOUFOJEPEFB[ÞDBS%FCJEP B RVF GSFOUF B DPODFOUSBDJPOFT BMUBT EF HMVDPTB FM QÈODSFBTSFTQPOEFSÈQJEBNFOUFTFDSFUBOEPJOTVMJOB FO VOBQFSTPOBTBOBFMOJWFMEFB[ÞDBSSFHSFTBBMBOPSNBMJEBEEFOUSPEFMBTEPTIPSBTTJHVJFOUFT4J QPSFMDPOUSBSJP FMOJWFMQFSNBOFDFFMFWBEPEVSBOUFUSFTIPSBTPNÈT JOEJDBVOBSFTQVFTUBEFGJDJFOUFEFMQÈODSFBTZFTQSPCBCMFRVFMBQFSTPOBFTUÏDVSTBOEPMBFOGFSNFEBE 10.$VBOEPMBTBOHSFFTGJMUSBEBQPSMPTSJ×POFT TFFMJNJOBO TVTUBODJBTEFEFTFDIP-BHMVDPTBRVFQBTBQPSMPTSJ×POFT FT SFDVQFSBEB Z WVFMWF B MB TBOHSF &O DPOEJDJPOFT OPSNBMFT TF SFBCTPSCF UPEB MB HMVDPTB Z OP TF FMJNJOB QPSMBPSJOB4JFMOJWFMEFHMVDFNJBFTFMFWBEP MBSFDVQFSBDJØOEFHMVDPTBQPSFMSJ×ØOTFNPEJGJDBZFTUFQVFEF SFBCTPSCFSNFOPTBHVB QPSMPUBOUPTFQSPEVDFVOHSBO WPMVNFOEFPSJOB1PSFTBSB[ØOBOUJHVBNFOUFTFMBMMBNBCBiNBMEFMBPSJOBw


Página 139 11.-BGBTFGPMJDVMBSDPSSFTQPOEFBMEFTBSSPMMPEFMGPMÓDVMPZMB NBEVSBDJØOEFMPWBSJPIBTUBFMNPNFOUPEFMBPWVMBDJØO *OUFSWJFOFO(O3) '4) -)ZFTUSØHFOPT-BGBTFMÞUFBDPNJFO[B DPO MB MJCFSBDJØO EFM ØWVMP Z MB GPSNBDJØO EFM DVFSQPMÞUFPIBTUBTVEFTBQBSJDJØOZFMDPNJFO[PEFMB NFOTUSVBDJØO *OUFSWJFOFO MBT IPSNPOBT FTUSØHFOPT Z QSPHFTUFSPOB 12.-VFHP EF QSPEVDJSTF MB PWVMBDJØO EJTNJOVZF MB QSPEVDDJØOEFFTUSØHFOPT&MDVFSQPMÞUFPDPNJFO[BBQSPEVDJS QSPHFTUFSPOB RVFJOIJCFBMIJQPUÈMBNPZOPTFMJCFSBO MBT IPSNPOBT EF MB PWVMBDJØO 4J OP IBZ FNCBSB[P FM DVFSQPMÞUFPEFEFTJOUFHSBZTFQSPEVDFMBNFOTUSVBDJØO -BDBÓEBEFQSPHFTUFSPOBGSFOBMBJOIJCJDJØOIJQPUBMÈNJDB TF MJCFSBO MBT IPSNPOBT IJQPGJTBSJBT '4) Z -) Z DPNJFO[BFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTGPMÓDVMPTIBTUBMMFHBSBMBNBEVSBDJØOZFYQVMTJØOEFMØWVMP-BJEFBFTRVFBMDPOUÈSTFMPBPUSPTQVFEBOBGJBO[BSFMDPODFQUPEFDJDMP

Página 143 13. a) &TQSPCBCMFRVFFMJOHSFTPEFBJSFGSÓPQSPWPRVFVO b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

EFTDFOTPEFMBUFNQFSBUVSBBNCJFOUBMZFMUFSNPTUBUPMPEFUFDUF FOUPODFTTFFODFOEFSÈMBMMBNB %FQFOEFSÈEFDVÈMTFBMBUFNQFSBUVSBFYUFSJPSZFO RVÏFTUBEPTFFODVFOUSFMBFTUVGBBMEFTDPNQPOFSTF FMUFSNPTUBUP4JMBFTUVGBFTUÈBQBHBEBZFTUBNPTFO JOWJFSOP DVBOEP MBT UFNQFSBUVSBT FYUFSOBT TVFMFO TFSNFOPSFTEF$ MBFTUVGBQFSNBOFDFSÈBQBHBEB QPSRVF FM UFSNPTUBUP OP SFHJTUSB MB EJGFSFODJB 4J TF FODVFOUSBFODFOEJEB QFSNBOFDFSÈBTÓIBTUBRVFMB UFNQFSBUVSBTVCBQPSFODJNBEFMPT$ZFMUFSNPTUBUPJOUFSSVNQBFMHBT &MUFSNPTUBUPRVFPCTUSVZFPQFSNJUFFMQBTPEFMHBT FOFMNPEFMPDPUJEJBOPFTFMRVFSFHJTUSBMBEJGFSFODJB EF UFNQFSBUVSBT &O FM NPEFMP DJFOUÓGJDP TFSÓB VOB QBSUFEFMTJTUFNBFOEPDSJOP FOFTUFDBTP FMQÈODSFBT RVFFTFMRVFEFUFDUBFMBVNFOUPPMBEJTNJOVDJØOEF MBHMVDFNJBZTJOUFUJ[BZTFDSFUBMBJOTVMJOB -BJOUFSSVQDJØOEFMHBTFTMBSFTQVFTUBEFMUFSNPTUBUPB MBEJTNJOVDJØOEFUFNQFSBUVSBBNCJFOUF4FDPSSFTQPOEFDPOMBTFDSFDJØOEFJOTVMJOBZMBEJTNJOVDJØOEFMB HMVDFNJBFOFMNPEFMPDJFOUÓGJDP &MNPEFMPEFSFHVMBDJØOEFMBHMVDFNJBNFEJBOUFMB TÓOUFTJTZTFDSFDJØOEFIPSNPOBTQBODSFÈUJDBTFTNVDIPNÈTDPNQMFKPRVFFMNPEFMPEFSFHVMBDJØOEFM UFSNPTUBUP Z MB PCUVSBDJØO EFM QBTP EFM HBT RVF FT CBTUBOUFTFODJMMP1PSFKFNQMP TJEFDJNPTRVFMBJOUFSSVQDJØOEFMHBT MBSFTQVFTUBEFMUFSNPTUBUP TFDPSSFTQPOEFDPOMBTFDSFDJØOEFJOTVMJOB MBSFTQVFTUB EFM QÈODSFBT

FO FM NPEFMP EFM UFSNPTUBUP OP FTUÈ SFQSFTFOUBEBMBBDDJØOEFMBJOTVMJOB RVFFTFMJOHSFTPEFMBHMVDPTBFOMBTDÏMVMBT TJOPMBDPOTFDVFODJB EFFMMP RVFFTMBSFHVMBDJØOEFMBHMVDFNJB "OUFVONBMGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMUFSNPTUBUPQPESÓBNPTQFOTBSFORVFFMQÈODSFBTOPQVFEFEFUFDUBSVO EFTDFOTPEFMBHMVDFNJBQFSPTÓQVFEFQFSDJCJSFMBVNFOUP&OFTUFDBTP SFTQPOEFBMBVNFOUPMJCFSBOEP JOTVMJOB QFSPOPSFTQPOEFBMBEJTNJOVDJØOTFDSFUBOdo glucagón.

Página 144 14.-BDBTUSBDJØOJNQMJDBMBGBMUBEFHBNFUPTZ QPSMPUBOUP QSPEVDFFTUFSJMJEBE4VTFGFDUPTEFQFOEFOEFMNPNFOUP EFMBWJEBFORVFTFMMFWBBDBCP$VBOUPNÈTUFNQSBOB NBZPSFTDPOTFDVFODJBTQSPEVDF 15.&OMPTBOJNBMFT MBTSB[POFTEFMPTDSJBEPSFTQBSBDBTUSBSMPTTPONVDIBTNFKPSBSFMTBCPSEFMBDBSOF EJTNJOVJS DPOEVDUBT BHSFTJWBT RVF UFSNJOBO FO MVDIBT JOUFSNJOBCMFT TPCSFUPEPFOÏQPDBTEFDFMP ZPDBTJPOBONVFSUFTZ HSBOEFTQÏSEJEBTFDPOØNJDBT 16.&MBVNFOUPEFMBUFTUPTUFSPOB QSPEVDJEBQPSMPTUFTUÓDVMPT FTUJNVMB FM BMBSHBNJFOUP Z FOHSPTBNJFOUP EF MBT DVFSEBTWPDBMFT VOPEFMPTUBOUPTDBSBDUFSFTTFDVOEBSJPT QSPQJPTEFMPTWBSPOFT"MDBTUSBSMPT OPIBZQSPEVDDJØO EFUFTUPTUFSPOBZOPTFEFTBSSPMMBOFTUPTDBSBDUFSFT QPS FTPDPOTFSWBOMBWP[iBGMBVUBEBwEFMBOJ×F[ 17.4FMPTDBTUSBCBBOUFTEFMMFHBSBMBQVCFSUBEDPOFMGJOEF QSFTFSWBSTVBHVEBWP[JOGBOUJM%FCÓBIBDFSTFBOUFTEFMB

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Página 145 21.-BBMUFSBDJØOPSJHJOBEJTUJOUBTFOGFSNFEBEFTTFHÞOFMNPNFOUPEFMBWJEBEFMBQFSTPOB4JFTUÈFOMBOJ×F[PQVCFSUBE MBIPSNPOBBDUÞBTPCSFUPEPTMPTUFKJEPT QPSFTPIBZ VOBVNFOUPEFUBNB×PEFUPEPTMPTØSHBOPT4JIBZVOB QSPEVDDJØO FYDFTJWB EF IPSNPOB EF DSFDJNJFOUP FO MB BEVMUF[ DVBOEPZBTFIBOPTJGJDBEPMPTDBSUÓMBHPTEFDSFDJNJFOUP TPMPTJHVFODSFDJFOEPDJFSUPTIVFTPT DPNPMPTEF MBNBOEÓCVMBJOGFSJPSPMPTEFMBTFYUSFNJEBEFT ZTFQSPEVDFBDSPNFHBMJB&OMPTDBTPTDPNPFMEF3PCFSU1FSTIJOH 8BEMPX BMHVOPT JOGPSNFT TF SFGJFSFO B MB FOGFSNFEBE DPNPHJHBOUPESPNFHBMJB RVFFTNVZQPDPGSFDVFOUF&TUF HJHBOUFQFTBCBNÈTEF LHBMPTTFJTNFTFTEFFEBEZ DPOUJOVØ DSFDJFOEP B VO SJUNP EFTBDPTUVNCSBEP B MPT PDIPB×PTNFEÓB N 22.&O DBTP EF VO BVNFOUP GJTJPMØHJDP FO DPOEJDJPOFTOPSNBMFT EFQSPEVDDJØOEFIPSNPOBEFDSFDJNJFOUP TVOJWFMFOTBOHSFSFUSPBMJNFOUBOFHBUJWBNFOUFBMIJQPUÈMBNP ZBMBIJQØGJTJT RVFGSFOBOTVQSPEVDDJØO&OFMHJHBOUJTNP FMFYDFTPEFQSPEVDDJØOEFTPNBUPUSPQJOBTFEFCFB VO UVNPS RVF BDUJWB MB SFQSPEVDDJØO DFMVMBS Z IBZ NÈT DÏMVMBTQSPEVDJFOEPNÈTIPSNPOB 23.-PTGBNPTPTFOBOPTEFDJSDPTVFMFOTFSFOBOPTQPSEFGJDJFODJBEFIPSNPOBTUJSPJEFBT FOGFSNFEBEMMBNBEBiDSFUJOJTNPw -BT QFSTPOBT RVF QBEFDFO FTUB FOGFSNFEBE QVFEFOUFOFSSFUSBTPNFOUBMTFWFSPZGBMUBEFDSFDJNJFOUPRVFDPOEVDFBVOBGPSNBEFTQSPQPSDJPOBEBEFMDVFSQP DPOVONBZPSBVNFOUPEFMUBNB×PEFMBDBCF[B ZMBT QJFSOBTOPUBCMFNFOUFDPSUBT-BTNVKFSFTCBSCVEBTPDPO NVDIPWFMMPDPSQPSBMUBNCJÏOTFIJDJFSPOGBNPTBTFOMPT circos. 24.-BQSFHVOUBTPCSFMBQSFTFODJBFOFMDJOFEFQFSTPOBTDPO FOGFSNFEBEFTTFPSJFOUBBQSPNPWFSMBSFGMFYJØOBDFSDB EFMBVUJMJ[BDJØOEFQFSTPOBTDPOFTUBTVPUSBTQBUPMPHÓBT FOTJUVBDJPOFTRVFNVDIBTWFDFTSFTVMUBOCPDIPSOPTBTZ MBTQPOFOFOSJEÓDVMP

Página 146 25. a) &TJOUFSFTBOUFMPRVFPDVSSJØFOFMMBCPSBUPSJPEFMDJFO-

UÓGJDPSVTPBOUFFMEFTDVCSJNJFOUPEFMPTJOHMFTFT1BWMPW FYQFSUPFOGJTJPMPHÓBEJHFTUJWB SFQJUJØFMFYQFSJNFOUPFOTVTJOTUBMBDJPOFTZDPNQSPCØRVFTVTDPMFHBT UFOÓBO SB[ØO &TUP MP DPOEVKP B MB SFBMJ[BDJØO EF MPT FYQFSJNFOUPTRVFEFNPTUSBSPOMBFYJTUFODJBEFSFGMFKPT DPOEJDJPOBEPT FO MPT DVBMFT VO FTUÓNVMP OFVUSP DPOEJDJPOBEPQVFEFHFOFSBSTBMJWBZKVHPHÈTUSJDPBVORVFOPIBZBDBSOFEFQPSNFEJP-BQBSUJDJQBDJØOEFM TJTUFNBOFSWJPTPGVFSFDPOPDJEBJOUFSOBDJPOBMNFOUFZ FO1BWMPWSFDJCJØFM1SFNJP/PCFMEF.FEJDJOB&M DPOUSPMEFMDFSFCSPTPCSFMBTTFDSFDJPOFTEJHFTUJWBTZEF PUSBTHMÈOEVMBTGVFSFDPOPDJEPFOMBTÞMUJNBTEÏDBEBT EFMTJHMPYY DVBOEPFNFSHJØDPOGVFS[BFMDBNQPEFMB OFVSPFOEPDSJOPMPHÓB ZMPTQÏQUJEPTDFSFCSPJOUFTUJOBMFT QFSPTPCSFUPEPFTUPTSFGMFKPTWJTDFSBMFTGVFSPOMB CBTFQBSBFMNPEFSOPFTUVEJPEFMBTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFFM DFSFCSPZMBDPOEVDUB&TEFDJS BNCPTHSVQPTEFDJFOUÓGJDPTUFOÓBOSB[ØOBVORVFTVTDPODFQUPTTFUPNBSPO JOJDJBMNFOUFDPNPEJWFSHFOUFT FMDPOUSPMGJTJPMØHJDPFT OFSWJPTPZFTIPSNPOBM b) -PTFHJQDJPTQMBOUFBCBORVFFMDVFSQPFTUBCBDPOFDUBEP QPS VO TJTUFNB EF WBTPT RVF USBOTQPSUBCBO MÓRVJEPTMPTHSJFHPTZMPTSPNBOPTQPTUVMBCBORVFMBTFOGFSNFEBEFT QSPWFOÓBO EF VO EFTFRVJMJCSJP FOUSF MPT IVNPSFTMÓRVJEPTEFMDVFSQP4JCJFOFMDPODFQUPEFMÓRVJEPTRVFSFDPSSFOFMDVFSQPZUSBOTQPSUBOTVTUBODJBT OPFTUBCBQSFTFOUFQPSRVFMBDJSDVMBDJØOTBOHVÓOFBTF QMBOUFBSÓB WBSJPT TJHMPT EFTQVÏT MB JEFB EF IVNPSFT MÓRVJEPTRVFFODPOKVOUPBQPSUBOFMFRVJMJCSJPOFDFTBSJPQBSBVOFTUBEPEFTBOJEBEQPESÓBDPOTJEFSBSTFVOB BOBMPHÓB EF MB SFHVMBDJØO RVF FKFSDFO MBT IPSNPOBT TPCSFEJTUJOUPTØSHBOPTRVFQFSNJUFVOGVODJPOBNJFOUPFRVJMJCSBEPEFMPSHBOJTNP%FFTUBNBOFSB MBJEFB BOUJHVBEFiFRVJMJCSJPwQPESÓBSFMBDJPOBSTFDPOFMBDUVBMDPODFQUPEFIPNFPTUBTJT NFEJBEPQPSMBJOUFHSBDJØOEFMTJTUFNBFOEPDSJOPZFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP c) -BTIPSNPOBTQPESÓBOSFMBDJPOBSTFDPOFMDPODFQUPEF MPTIVNPSFT-BiPSHBOPUFSBQJBwQMBOUFBCBMBJEFBEF SFFNQMB[BS VO ØSHBOP RVF GVODJPOBCB NBM QPS PUSP ØSHBOP TBOP -PT FYQFSJNFOUPT NÈT BDUVBMFT FO MPT DVBMFTMBFYUJSQBDJØOEFVOØSHBOPZTVQPTUFSJPSSFJNQMBOUBDJØO SFTUJUVZFO MBT GVODJPOFT QPESÓBO SFMBDJPOBSTFDPOFTUFDPODFQUP FOUFOEJFOEPRVFFTFMBQPSUF IPSNPOBMFMSFTQPOTBCMFEFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPOPSNBM -B SFMBDJØO FOUSF MPT IVNPSFT Z MPT UFNQFSBNFOUPT QVFEFSFMBDJPOBSTFDPOFMDPOUSPMIPSNPOBMEFMBDPOEVDUBTFYVBM PMBTSFBDDJPOFTGSFOUFBMFTUSÏT d) -B iPSHBOPUFSBQJBw QMBOUFBCB MB JOHFTUB EFM ØSHBOP TBOPQBSBDVSBSFMØSHBOPFOGFSNP)PZTBCFNPTRVF FTOFDFTBSJPSFTUJUVJSFMBQPSUFTBOHVÓOFPEFMBTIPSNPOBT JOWPMVDSBEBT -PT IVNPSFT EF MB "OUJHàFEBE FSBOMÓRVJEPTEJTQFSTPTQPSFMDVFSQPQFSPOPDPOFDUBEPTFOUSFTÓ ZBRVFOPFYJTUÓBMBJEFBEFVOTJTUFNB DJSDVMBUPSJPBUSBWÏTEFMDVBMMBTIPSNPOBTPMPTEJTUJOUPT OVUSJFOUFT TF EJTUSJCVZFSBO &M DPOPDJNJFOUP BDUVBMTPCSFFMTJTUFNBFOEPDSJOPQFSNJUFFYQMJDBSMPT NFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMBTIPSNPOBT MPDVBMFSB JNQPTJCMFFOMB"OUJHàFEBE 26.-PTNÏEJDPTQJFOTBORVFFMQFTPFYUSBPSEJOBSJPEFMCFCÏ QVFEFEFCFSTFBMBEJBCFUFTRVFTVGSFMBNBESF MPRVF


NBEVSBDJØOTFYVBMQBSBFWJUBSMPTFGFDUPTEFMBUFTUPTUFSPOBTPCSFMBTDVFSEBTWPDBMFT 18.4JMBDBTUSBDJØOTFSFBMJ[BSBBMPTWFJOUFB×PT OPUFOESÓBFM NJTNPFGFDUPTPCSFMBWP[ QPSRVFZBTFIBCSÓBONPEJGJDBEPMBTDVFSEBTWPDBMFT&ODBNCJP MBGFSUJMJEBETÓTFWFSÓB BGFDUBEB QPSRVF OP IBCSÓB QSPEVDDJØO EF HBNFUPT -BTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFQFOEFO BEFNÈT EFTJMBDBTUSBDJØO FTUPUBM BNCPTUFTUÓDVMPT PQBSDJBM VOTPMPUFTUÓDVMP 19.&OMBTNVKFSFT MBWP[TFIBDFNÈTSPODBQFSPNVDIPNFOPT RVF FO MPT IPNCSFT QPSRVF MPT BOESØHFOPT FTUÈO QSFTFOUFTFOBNCPTTFYPT QFSPFONFOPSDBOUJEBEFOFM GFNFOJOP 20."EFNÈTEFMBWP[BHVEB MPTDBTUSBEPTOPEFTBSSPMMBOMPT PUSPTDBSBDUFSFTTFDVOEBSJPTQSPEVDJEPTQPSMBUFTUPTUFSPOB 5JFOEFO B BDVNVMBS HSBTB FO [POBT QSPQJBT EF MBT NVKFSFT DPNPMBTDBEFSBT MBTOBMHBTZMPTQFDIPT/PMFT DSFDFMBCBSCBZFMWFMMPQÞCJDPTVFMFUFOFSVOBEJTQPTJDJØOFOGPSNBEFQBSDIFZOPMBQSPQJBEFMPTIPNCSFT FT EFDJS NÈTEJTQFSTB

22


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SJBOUFTFOMBFMBCPSBDJØO QFSPTFFTQFSBRVFUFOHBO FODVFOUBMBTQBSUFTNFODJPOBEBTQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJØO EFVOJOGPSNF "USBWÏTEFFTUFJOGPSNFTFUSBOTNJUFODPOPDJNJFOUPT TPCSFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFPCUFOFSIJMPEFBSB×BBQBSUJSEF PSHBOJTNPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTDÏMVMBTEFPSVHBZCBDUFSJBT &OFMQSJNFSFYQFSJNFOUPTVSHJØMBEJGJDVMUBEEFOP QPEFS PCUFOFS IJMPT MBSHPT &M QSPCMFNB TF SFTPMWJØ VUJMJ[BOEPCBDUFSJBTQBSBJOUSPEVDJSMPTHFOFT &OFTUF DBTP MPT BMVNOPT QVFEFO SFTPMWFS EJGFSFOUFT DPTBT1PESÓBOQFOTBSFONFKPSBSMBDBMJEBEPMBDBOUJEBE EF IJMP &O DBEB DBTP QPESÈO JNBHJOBS QPTJCMFT FYQFSJNFOUPT-BJEFBEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFFMMPTQVFEBOEJTF×BSBMHÞOUJQPEFFYQFSJNFOUPDPOMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTRVFMMFWBOBERVJSJEPTIBTUBFMNPNFOUP &OFTUFDBTP TFFTQFSBRVFTFCBTFOJOJDJBMNFOUFFO MPTVTPTRVFQMBOUFBFMUFYUP IJMPRVJSÞSHJDP DIBMFDPT BOUJCBMBT GJCSBTØQUJDBTZSPQBEFQPSUJWB 4FFTQFSB RVF BEFNÈT QVFEBBCSJSTFVOBJOTUBODJBEFJOWFTUJHBDJØO FO MB DVBM MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO NFODJPOBS PUSPTQPTJCMFTVTPTEFFTUFNBUFSJBM

23. a) &MPSHBOJTNPRVFBQPSUBFMHFOEFJOUFSÏTFTFMDBDUVT ZFMRVFMPSFDJCFFTFMNBÓ[

b) 4FFTQFSBRVFFMDVMUJWPEFNBÓ[USBOTHÏOJDPPCUFOJEP QVFEBDSFDFSFODPOEJDJPOFTEFFTDBTBIVNFEBE

c) 6ODVMUJWPEFNBÓ[USBOTHÏOJDPRVFQVFEBDSFDFSFO DPOEJDJPOFTEFFTDBTBIVNFEBEQFSNJUJSÓBQSPEVDJSMPFO[POBTFOEPOEFIBCJUVBMNFOUFOPDSFDFQPSMBT DPOEJDJPOFTDMJNÈUJDBT

24. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTSFTQPOEBORVFQBSBDVNQMJSDPOFTUFBSUÓDVMPFTJNQPSUBOUFEFDJSRVÏBMJNFOUPT TPO EF PSJHFO USBOTHÏOJDP +VTUBNFOUF QPSRVF NVDIBHFOUFOPRVJFSFDPOTVNJSMPTZUJFOFEFSFDIPB SFDJCJSJOGPSNBDJØOTPCSFTVPSJHFO b) &TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOFOVODJBSBMHVOBTEFMBTEJTDVTJPOFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOMBTDPOUSPWFSTJBTEFMBJOHFOJFSÓBHFOÏUJDBFODVBOUPBMBQSPEVDDJØO Z FM DPOTVNP EF BMJNFOUPT 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBOEFDJSRVFNVDIBHFOUFOPRVJFSFDPOTVNJS FTUFUJQPEFBMJNFOUPTQPSRVFOPDPOPDFRVÏDPOTFDVFODJBTQVFEFOUSBFS-BJEFBEFFYQSFTBSMBPQJOJØO FT JOUFSFTBOUF QPSRVF FT QPTJCMF RVF QMBOUFFO RVF NVDIBHFOUFQJFOTBEFFTBGPSNBQPSEFTDPOPDJNJFOUPEFFTUFUJQPEFUÏDOJDBT


Página 218 17. &ODVBOUPBMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTOFHBUJWBTEFMVTPEFUSBOTHÏOJDPTQBSBCJPSSFNFEJBDJØOFTQPTJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPT SFMBDJPOFO FTUF UFNB DPO MB MJCFSBDJØO EF PSHBOJTNPT USBOTHÏOJDPTZFMSJFTHPEFEFTFRVJMJCSJPBNCJFOUBM&TUB FTVOBCVFOBJOTUBODJBQBSBHFOFSBSVOFTQBDJPEFEFCBUFFOFMBVMBRVFEJTQBSFMBOFDFTJEBEEFSFUPNBSDPODFQUPTWJTUPTBOUFSJPSNFOUF 18.-PT PSHBOJTNPT USBOTHÏOJDPT VTBEPT QBSB CJPSSFNFEJBDJØO QFSUFOFDFO B MB UFSDFSB PMB RVF QSFUFOEF PCUFOFS TVTUBODJBT EF JOUFSÏT DPNP WBDVOBT P NFEJDBNFOUPT B QBSUJSEFDVMUJWPTWFHFUBMFT&TUPTOPTFFTUÈOQSPEVDJFOEPFOFTUFNPNFOUPFOGPSNBDPNFSDJBM

Página 219 19. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOEJTDVUJSTPCSFMPRVF JOWFTUJHBSPO Z QPOHBO FO KVFHP EJGFSFOUFT OPNCSFT EF FO[JNBT OPDPOFMBGÈOEFSFDPSEBSMPT TJOPDPOFMPCKFUJWPEFSFDPOPDFSMBEJWFSTJEBEFYJTUFOUF 20. -BQSFHVOUBTPCSFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFRVFTFJOGPSNFFOMBT FUJRVFUBTTJMBTFO[JNBTTPOPCUFOJEBTEFPSHBOJTNPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTBQVOUBBMBOFDFTJEBEEFJOGPSNBDJØOFODVBOUPBM

25. a) &OUSFMPTBSHVNFOUPTQSFTFOUBEPTQPSDBEBHSVQP FTEFTFBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOEFTUBDBSMPTTJHVJFOUFT t &OFMDBTPEF-PT%SBHBEPSFT RVFFMMPTMFWBOUBO MPT TFEJNFOUPT 4FSÓB JOUFSFTBOUF JOEVDJS B RVF MPTBMVNOPTQJFOTFORVFOPFTFTUBVOBCVFOB JEFBQPSRVFMBTBHVBTTFDPODFOUSBSÓBOBÞONÈT FODVBOUPBMBQSPQPSDJØOEFQMPNP t &O FM DBTP EF MPT *OHFOÏUJDPT RVF QVFEBO EFGFOEFSFMVTPEFUSBOTHÏOJDPTDPNPCJPSSFNFEJBEPSFT BVORVF EFCFO QSFTUBS BUFODJØO B MB JN-

31


1/22/10 4:57:32 PM

QPSUBODJBEFIBDFSMPTDPOUSPMFTOFDFTBSJPTBOUFT EFMJCFSBSFMOVFWPPSHBOJTNPBMBNCJFOUF t &OFMDBTPEFMPTWFDJOPT RVFQVFEBOFYQSFTBSMPT NJFEPT UÓQJDPT IBDJB MPT USBOTHÏOJDPT DPNP FT FM IFDIPEFEFTFRVJMJCSBSFMOJDIPFDPMØHJDP BTÓDPNP TV QSFPDVQBDJØO BOUF MB QÏSEJEB EF USBCBKP TJ TF DJFSSBMBGÈCSJDB5BNCJÏOQVFEFOBQBSFDFSBSHVNFOUPTEFQSFPDVQBDJØOQPSMBDPOUBNJOBDJØO t LPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMB'FEFSBDJØO2VJORVJSJWJMMFOTF EF 3FHVMBDJØO EF 5SBOTHÏOJDPT EFCFSÈO FYQSFTBSMBOFDFTJEBEEFDPOUSPMFTQBSBFMVTPEF USBOTHÏOJDPT QFSP QPSPUSPMBEP UBNCJÏOEFCFSÈOUSBORVJMJ[BSBMBQPCMBDJØOFODVBOUPBRVFTJ FTPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTQBTBOTVTDPOUSPMFT MBDJVEBE FTUBSÈTFHVSBZNFOPTDPOUBNJOBEB t LPT EVF×PT EF MB GÈCSJDB EFCFSÈO QSFTFOUBS TVT JOUFODJPOFTEFDPOUJOVBSEBOEPUSBCBKPBTVTFNQMFBEPT QFSPUBNCJÏOEFCFSÓBOFYQSFTBSBMHPEF QSFPDVQBDJØOQPSFMHSBEPEFDPOUBNJOBDJØO b) -PTBMVNOPTEFCFSÈOSFTPMWFSFMQSPCMFNBEFBMHVOB NBOFSB USBUBOEP EF FRVJMJCSBS MBT QPTJDJPOFT FOUSF MPTEJGFSFOUFTHSVQPT-BTPQDJPOFTTPOWBSJBT QFSPFT JNQPSUBOUFRVFDPOTJEFSFOEFTEFMBFNQSFTB MBMJCFSBDJØOEFDPOUBNJOBOUFT RVFOPFTÞUJMFMESBHBEP RVFMBFNQSFTBEFCFDPOUJOVBSBCJFSUB RVFMPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTEFCFOFTUBSSFHVMBEPTZRVFTPOVOBPQDJØO EFCJPSSFNFEJBDJØO c) &OFTUFFTDSJUPFTQPTJCMFRVFTFWFBOBMNFOPTBMHVOBT DPODMVTJPOFTMVFHPEFMBEJTDVTJØO6OUSBCBKPJOUFSFTBOUFTFSÓBQFEJSMFTMVFHPVOBFYQPTJDJØODPNPEFNPTUSBDJØOEFMBJODPSQPSBDJØOEFFTUPTDPOUFOJEPT

26. a) 6OEJBHSBNBQPTJCMFTFSÓB Agrobacterium

Basillus thuringiensis

pláTNJEP

(FO para JOTFDUJDJEB

b) 1BSBMBTQFSTPOBTRVFDVMUJWBONBÓ[ FMUSBOTHÏOJDP#U UJFOFMBWFOUBKBEFRVFOPSFTVMUBBGFDUBEPQPSFMBUBRVF EFM JOTFDUP ZB RVF QSPEVDF VOB TVTUBODJB RVF NBUBBMBTMBSWBTEFMCBSSFOBEPSEFMUBMMPRVFTFBMJNFOUBOEFMBQMBOUB c) &M QSJODJQBM GBDUPS EF DPOUSPWFSTJBT DPO SFTQFDUP BM VTP EFM NBÓ[ #U QPESÓB WJDVMBSTF DPO RVF BGFDUF B RVJFOFTMPDPOTVNFO

27. a) -PTQBTPTQBSBPCUFOFSMBTPWFKBTTFSÓBOTFPCUJFOFFM DJHPUP ØWVMPGFDVOEBEP BQBSUJSEFVOBPWFKB TF JOZFDUB FO FM DJHPUP FM HFO RVF UJFOF MB JOGPSNBDJØO QBSB TJOUFUJ[BS FM GBDUPS *9 EF DPBHVMBDJØO TF JNQMBOUBFOPUSBPWFKBFMDJHPUPDPOFM"%/SFDPNCJOBOUF RVFUJFOFJOTFSUBEPFMHFOQBSBFMGBDUPS*9EFDPBHVMBDJØO TFPCUJFOFOMBTDSÓBTUSBOTHÏOJDBTRVFMMFWBOFO TV"%/FMHFOQBSBFMGBDUPS*9EFDPBHVMBDJØO b) -BQSJNFSBPWFKBBQPSUBFMDJHPUPZMBPWFKBEFMQBTP BQPSUBFMÞUFSPFOFMRVFTFEFTBSSPMMBSÈFMPSHBOJTNP USBOTHÏOJDP c) -BKFSJOHBDPOUJFOF"%/DPOMBJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBTJOUFUJ[BSFMGBDUPS*9&TFHFOTFPCUJFOFEF"%/IVNBOP RVFFTFMRVFOBUVSBMNFOUFDPOUJFOFFTBJOGPSNBDJØO d) &MQBTPTFSÓBFYUSBFSMBMFDIFEFMBTPWFKBTUSBOTHÏOJDBT Z TFQBSBS B QBSUJS EF FTB MFDIF FM GBDUPS *9 RVF DPOUJFOF 28.&MPCKFUJWPEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFQVFEBOSFBMJ[BSVO SFQBTPHFOFSBMEFMDBQÓUVMPZFMJKBOBMHVOBTEFMBTFTQFDJFT RVF TF IBO VTBEP DPNP FKFNQMP QBSB DPOTUSVJS MB MJTUBEFMPQFEJEP"MHVOPTEFMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTRVFQPESÓBONFODJPOBSMPTBMVNOPTTPOPCUFOFSDVMUJWPTRVF DSF[DBO FO DPOEJDJPOFT RVF OP TPO MBT OBUVSBMFT DPNP BNCJFOUFT DPO FTDBTB IVNFEBE RVF OP TFBO BUBDBEPT QPS QMBHBT DPNP JOTFDUPT RVF QSPEV[DBO TVTUBODJBT EF JOUFSÏTDPNPNFEJDBNFOUPT 29."MHVOPTSFTVMUBEPTTJNJMBSFTQFSPDPOBOJNBMFT DPNPWBDBTRVFQSPEVDFOFOTVMFDIFIPSNPOBTEFDSFDJNJFOUP PDBCSBTRVFQSPEVDFOFOTVMFDIFFMGBDUPSEFDPBHVMBción de la sangre.

PláTNJEP SFDPNCJOBOUF

TraOTGPSNBDJØO EFDÏMVMBT EFNBÓ[

Regeneración EFDÏMVMBT USBOTGPSNBEBT


Agrobacterium USBOTHÏOJDB

32


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Biologia 3 El Intercambio de Información en Los Sistemas Biologicos, Relación, Integracion y Control Santillana

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