UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JORGE BASADRE GROHMANN
FACULTAD FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS C IENCIAS ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGIA Y MICROBIOLOGIA
SEMINARIO: “BIOCONTROLADORES “BIOCONTROLADORES NO MICROBIANOS” PRESENTADO POR: KAREN NEYRA CHATA
2010-3546
!HONNY PAREDES ESCOBAR
2010-35456
CURSO
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DOCENTE
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TACNA TACNA PER PER 2016
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BIOCONTROLADORES NO MICROBIANOS L#/ "#&#'$,#(+.#,%/ +' +.",".# '+ '#$#,"%.+. "98#,$+'$% %' %( ($"9# $"%98# ),+&"+/ +( +9%'$# %' (+/ %?")%'&"+/ .% (+/ '#,9+/ .% 8,#.&&"7' .% (#/ +("9%'$#/ + (+ 9+#, &#'/&"%'&"+ .% (#/ &#'/9".#,%/ "%'%/ + 9%'.# /&+' 8,#.&$#/ 9/ /+'#/ +9")+(%/ &#' %( 9%."# +9"%'$%
¡.- ¿QUIÉNES SON LOS BIOCONTROLADORES NATURALES DE LAS PLAGAS S%)' (+ USDA: E/ %( /# # 9+'%<# .% %'%9")#/ '+$,+(%/ '+$"=#/ "'$,#.&".#/ # )%'$"&+9%'$% 9#.">"&+.#/ .%8,%.+.#,%/ 8+,/"$#/ 8+,+/"$#".%/ 8+$7)%'#/ .% 8(+)+/ #$,#/ #,)+'"/9#/ %'>"&#/ /%(%&&"#'+.#/ +'$+)#'"/$+/ b%$".#,%/ +(%(#8$"&#/ // 8,#.&$#/ 8+,+ ,%.&", (+/ 8#(+&"#'%/ (#/ %>%&$#/ .% (+/ 8(+)+/ E/ /+.# $+9"' 8+,+ (+ 8,%=%'&"7' %( &#'$,#( .% %'>%,9%.+.%/ E/ '+ ,+9+ .%( &#'$,#( "#(7)"&# O$,+ ,+9+ (# %/ %( >"$#9%<#,+9"%'$# + $,+=/ .% %/$+ $%&'#(#)*+ /% #$"%'%' 8(+'$+/ % /#' ,%/"/$%'$%/ + +)%'$%/ .% %'>%,9%.+.%/ # 8(+)+/ E/ '+ +($%,'+$"=+ 9/ .%'$,# .% ' 8,#),+9+ .% 9+'%<# "'$%),+.# .% &#'$,#( .% %'>%,9%.+.%/ 8(+)+/ D%/.% %( 8'$# .% ="/$+ %&#'79"&# %/ 9 &#'=%'"%'$% P+,+ 8(+)+/ # "'/%&$#/ /% >'.+9%'$+ %' (+ ".%'$">"&+&"7' %=+(+&"7' /# .% (#/ %'%9")#/ '+$,+(%/ % #&,,%' %' (+ '+$,+(%+ # 8+,+/"$#".%/ 8,%.+$#,%/
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VENTAJAS DEL CONTROL BIOL"GICO • • • •
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DESVENTAJAS DEL CONTROL BIOL"GICO • • • • • • • •
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C0?$ +, #% 2$0á%&/%: T#.+/ (+/ %/8%&"%/ .% Trichogramma +'$%/ 9%'&"#'+.+/ >%,#' &,"+.+/ %' (+#,+$#,"# %' (#/ %=#/ .% ' /8%. +($%,'+$"=#: 8#("((+ .% $,")# Sitotroga cerealella ' #/8%.%,# &,"+.# +,$">"&"+(9%'$% &#' ),+'#/ .% $,")# + 20-25VC 50-@0 .% HR 14 : 10 #,+/ L : O/&,".+. /+(=# %' %( &+/# .% T. cordubensis %' %( % (+ $%98%,+$,+ >% .% 30W1VC
12
C0&$*@$ +, Trichogramma spp ,* #$ S1 D&0,((&)* +, C*/0# B&#g&( L&4$ -P,0 S,g* HU !F A. C0&$*@$ +, Sitotroga cerealella O#&9,0F. 3. S1%/0$/: C#9# //$,+$# 8+,+ (+ &,"+'+ .% S. cerealella /% %98(%+ $,")# (+'.# # /%9"-.,# &%+.+ # /#,)#
!. T0$/$4&,*/ $# %1%/0$/: E( //$,+$# /% /#9%$% + .#/ $"8#/ .% $,+$+9"%'$#/: - *9"&# &#' >9")+'$%: S% ,%+("+ %' ' &+,$# .% >9")+&"7' # %' +(.%/ 8(/$"&#/ &#' $+8+ %,9$"&+ (+ >9")+&"7' .,+ 4 + 5 .*+/ (%)# +",%+, %( //$,+$# .,+'$% 3 # 4 .*+/ +'$%/ .% /+,(# - H".,#$,9"&# +)+ &+("%'$%: P#'%, +)+ +( >%)# %' ' ,%&"8"%'$% ),+'.% &+'.# %( +)+ %/$% ",="%'.# /% /9%,)% .,+'$% 3 9"'$#/ %( $,")# &#(#&+.# %' '+ 9+((+ 8,#&,+'.# % /% 9%.%&+ b(%$+9%'$%
=&g10$ ; T,+$+9"%'$# .% //$,+$# &#' =%'%'# F%'$% SDCB 5. S,($+ $# 4,+& $4&,*/,:
13
D%/8/ .%( $,+$+9"%'$# ".,#$,9"&# %( $,")# .%% /%&+,/% "%' +'$%/ .% &#(#&+,(# %' (+/ +'.%<+/ 8+,+ (+ "'>%/$+&"7'Q 8#,% .% (# &#'$,+,"# /% &#,,% %( ,"%/)# .% % (% +8+,%&+' #')#/
6. T0$/$4&,*/ $ #% 1,9,(&##%: L#/ %=%&"((#/ .% S. cerealella % =+' + /%,=", 8+,+ (+ "'>%/$+&"7' .%%' /#9%$%,/% + ' $,+$+9"%'$# .% .%/"'>%&&"7' % &#'/"/$% %' 8,%8+,+, '+ /#(&"7' &#' ' +&+,"&".+ /9%,)",(#/ .,+'$% 1 # 2 9"'$#/ /% &%(+' /% +&% /%&+, /#,% 8+8%( $#+((+ L%)# 8+/+' 8#, ' $+9" +/$+ %.+, # 8#(="((#
=&g10$ ;. H%=%&"((#/ .% S. cerealella .%/8/ .% $,+$+9"%'$# F%'$% SDCB
. I*',%/$(&)*: P+,+ (+ "'>%/$+&"7' /% %98(%+ # 9*'"9# 1 ),+9# .% %=%&"((#/ 8#, "(#),+9# .% //$,+$# E/$+ /% 8%.% +&%, 8#, &+8+/ &#(#&+'.# '+ &+8+ .% //$,+$# /#,% %((+ '+ 8+,$% .% (#/ %=%&"((#/ +/* /&%/"=+9%'$% 8#, 2 7 3 &+8+/ T+9"' /% 8%.% &#(#&+, $#.# %( //$,+$# %' (+ +'.%<+ %'&"9+ /% %/8+,&%' $#.#/ (#/ %=%&"((#/ &#' (#/ .%.#/ /% 8,#&,+ % %/$#/ 8%'%$,%' %' %( //$,+$# E( $"%98# .% "'>%/$+&"7' +( $,")# .,+ .% 25 + 30 .*+/
14
=&g10$ ;. F#,9+ .% "'>%/$+&"7' &#' %=#/ .% S. cerealella +( $,")# $,+$+.# F%'$% L+ CB - L+ '"7' P",+
. A04$+ +, g$&*,/,%: C+'.# (+/ 8#("((+/ %98"%+' + %9%,)%, /% 8,#&%.% + &#(#&+, %( $,")# %' (#/ +/$".#,%/ % =+' .%'$,# .% (#/ )+"'%$%/ .% &,"+'+ + ,+7' .% 15 ) .% $,")# 8#, +/$".#, %' .#'.% /% 9+'$%'., 8#, %/8+&"# .% 40 .*+/ 8,#.&"%'.# S. cerealella
=&g10$ ;. A,9+.# .% )+"'%$%/ 8+,+ &,"+'+ .% S. cerealella F%'$%: SDCB- SENASA - L"9+
=&g10$ ;. B+/$".#,%/ 9%$("&#/ % /% &#(#&+' .%'$,# .% (#/ )+"'%$%/ % &#'$%'.,' %( $,")# "'>%/$+.# &#' (+ 8#("((+ S. cerealella F%'$%: L+ D% CB- L+ '"7'-P",+
. C$4& +, '0$%(% +, 0,(12,0$(&)* +, 2#&##$%: D"+,"+9%'$% /% 8,#&%.%, +( &+9"# .% >,+/&#/ .% ,%&8%,+&"7' .% 8#("((+/ /% $%'., &".+.# .% #/%,=+, (+ 8,%/%'&"+ .% 8#("((+/ 15
9%,$+/ (# &+( /%, ' "'."&"# .% (+ 8,%/%'&"+ .%( &+,# Pyemotes ventricosus
=&g10$ ;. F,+/&#/ &#' 8#("((+/ +.($+/ .% S. cerealella .% (#/ % /+&+' .% (#/ )+"'%$%/ .% 8,#.&&"7' 8+,+ #$%'%, // %=#/ F%'$%: L+ .% CB- L+ '"7' - P",+
. C#$+ +, 1,9%: C#'/"/$% %' ,%&8%,+, (#/ %=%&"((#/ .% (+/ 8#("((+/ .% (#/ >,+/&#/ 9%."+'$% ' $+9"+.# /#,% '+ +'.%<+ (%)# ("98"+,(#/ &".+.#/+9%'$% 8+,+ % %.%' (",%/ .% "98,%+/
D%%
,%+("+,/% ."+,"+9%'$% 8+,+ #$%'%, %=%&"((#/ >,%/&#/ (#/ &+(%/ /#' .%/$"'+.#/ + (+ 8+,+/"$+&"7' C+'.# (#/ %=%&"((#/ %/$' 9+.,#/ .% ' &#(#, +'+,+'<+.# /%,' $"("+.#/ 8+,+ (+ "'>%/$+&"7' .% $,")#
16
=&g10$ 3. P,#&%/# .% &#(+.# .% %=#/ .% 8#("((+ S. cerealella. F%'$%: L+ D% CB- L+ U'"7' - P",+
. M$0($+ +, ($0/1#&*$: L+ &+,$("'+ .#'.% /#' 8%)+.#/ (#/ %=%&"((#/ .% S. cerealella 8+,+ / 8+,+/"$+&"7' /% 9+,&+ %' 8()+.+/ &+.,+.+/ %/$# /% +&% 8+,+ >+&"("$+, (+ =%'$+ ."/$,"&"7' .%( 9+$%,"+(Q +"'.#/% &+(&(+.# % 8#, &+.+ 8()+.+ &+.,+.+ =+9#/ + #$%'%, ' +8,#?"9+.# .% 3000 %=%&"((#/ 8%)+.#/ '+ %9%,)%'&"+ .% 2J00 +="/8"$+/ .% Trichogramma
3.P,g$+ +, 1,9,(&##%: P+,+ %( 8%)+.# .% (#/ %=%&"((#/ /% %98(%+ )#9+ (*".+ $,+'/8+,%'$% ."(".+ %' +)+ %' (+ 8,#8#,&"7' .% 1:1
S% ."/$,"% &#' '+
%/8#'<+ /#,% (+ &+,$("'+ L%)# &#' (+ +.+ .% ' $+9" /% %/8+,&%' (#/ %=%&"((#/ /#,% $#.+ %( ,%+ %')#9+.+ /% /+&.% (+ &+,$("'+ 8+,+ ,%$",+, %( %?&%/# .% %=%&"((#/Q /% .%<+
/%&+, 8#,
%/8+&"# .% 15 + 20 9"'$#/ +'$%/ .% 8,#&%.%, + &#(#&+,(#/ %' (#/ >,+/&#/ .% 8+,+/"$+&"7'
33. C*%,09$(&)* ,* 0,'0&g,0$(&)*: L#/ %=#/ .% S. cerealella /% 8%.%' &#'/%,=+, %' ,%>,")%,+&"7' + '+ $%98%,+$,+ .% J VC 8#, ' (+8/# .% J + 10 .*+/Q 8+/+.# %/% $"%98# /% .%% $%'%, %' &%'$+ % + 9+#, $"%98# .% ,%>,")%,+&"7' 9%'#, /%, / ="+"(".+. L#/ %=#/ .%/$"'+.#/ 8+,+ (+ &,"+'+ .% &,"/#8+/ .%%' /%, &#')%(+.#/ + 0V C + (#/ .*+/ .% %/$+, %' ,%>,")%,+&"7'
B. C0&$*@$ +,# 2$0$%&/&+, Trichogramma spp. 3.
P$0$%&/$(&)*: 17
S% &#(#&+ %' ' >,+/&# '+ &+'$".+. .% %=#/ 8+,+/"$+.#/ /% %/8%,+ (+ %9%,)%'&"+ .% (+/ +="/8+/ &+'.# /% #/%,=+ ' 30 .% %9%,)%'&"+ .% +.($#/ /% &#(#&+' (#/ %=#/ >,%/&#/ .% S. cerealella % +' /".# 8%)+.#/ %' '+ &+,$("'+ 9+,&+.+ 8#, 8()+.+/ &+.,+.+/ %' (+ 8,#8#,&"7' .% 4 + 5 8()+.+/ &+.,+.+/ .% %=#/ /"' 8+,+/"$+, 8#, &+.+ 8()+.+ &+.,+.+ .% %=#/ 8+,+/"$+.#/
=&g10$ 3. H%=#/ .% (+ 8#("((+ S. cerealella
=&g10$ !. ;"/$+ .% (+ %9%,)%'&"+ .% Trichogramma spp .% ' %=# .% S. cerealella 8+,+/"$+.#
!.
T&,42 +, 2$0$%&/$(&)*:
E( $"%98# % .,+ (+ 8+,+/"$+&"7' %/ .% 4 + 5 .*+/ %' =%,+'# .% 6 + .*+/ %' "'="%,'#
18
=&g10$ !3. F,+/&#/ &#' &+,$("'+ .% %=#/ .% S. cerealella %' // >+/%/ .% 8+,+/"$+&"7'
5.
D,%#$09$+:
T,+'/&,,".# %( $"%98# .% 8+,+/"$+&"7' &+'.# + (+/ +="/8+/ %/$' 9%,$+/ /% 8,#&%.% + ,%$",+, .%( >,+/&# (+/ &+,$("'+/ &#' (#/ %=#/ ,%&"%'$%9%'$% 8+,+/"$+.#/ /% &#(#&+' %' '+ ,%<"((+ /#,% '+ +'.%<+ &#' +)+ %/$# /% +&% &#' (+ >"'+(".+. .% % (+/ (+,=+/ .% (#/ %=#/ % '# >%,#' 8+,+/"$+.#/ &+")+' +( +)+ % %' (+ &+,$("'+ /7(# %.%' (#/ %=#/ 8+,+/"$+.#/ 8#, Trichogramma
6. C*%,09$(&)* ,* 0,'0&g,0$(&)*: L#/ %=#/ 8+,+/"$+.#/ /% 8%.%' &#'/%,=+, %' ,%>,")%,+&"7' +/$+ 8#, 15 .*+/ + '+ $%98%,+$,+ .% + J VC +( &+# .% (#/ &+(%/ %98"%+ + ."/9"'", (+ %9%,)%'&"+ .% (+/ +="/8"$+/
C0&$*@$ +, 20,+$+0,% ,* #$ S1 D&0,((&* +, C*/0# B&#)g&( L&4$ -P,0 S,g* HU !F $. C0&$*@$ 4$%&9$ +, (0&%2$%. S,g* HU !3F. 3. U*&+$+ +, (0&$*@$ +, #$09$%: S% %98(%+ $+8%,/ .% 8(/$"&# ,%&$+')(+,%/ NV 5 + (#/ &+(%/ /% (% &#,$+ (+ $+8+ %' %( &%'$,# %' >#,9+ .% ,%&$')(# .%<+'.# 3 &9 .% 19
#,.% /% ,%%98(++ &#' ' 8%.+# .% #,)+'+ 8%)+.# &#' $%,#+( 8+,+ =%'$"(+, %( ,%&"8"%'$% C#9# //$,+$# 8+,+ (+ &,"+'+ .% (+,=+/ /% $"("+ &+,$7' &#,,)+.# # &+,$("'+ E( &+,$7' /% &#(#&+ %' &+8+/ %' >#,9+ 8+,+(%(+ '+ &#' ,%/8%&$# + (+ #$,+ .%'$,# .%( $+8%, C#(#&+, (#/ 1000 %=#/ .% &,"/#8+/ 9%&(+.#/ &#' 5 ),+9#/ .% %=#/ &#')%(+.#/ .% S. cerealella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
=&g10$ !!. I'/$+(+&"7' .% &,"+'+ .% &,"/#8+/ %' $+8%,/ &+,$#'%/ &#' %=#/ .% S. cerealella
!. A#&4,*/$(&)* +, #$% #$09$%: E( +("9%'$# .% (+/ (+,=+/ &#'/"/$% %' %=#/ .% S. cerealella &#')%(+.#/ 8#, ' 9*'"9# .% 24 #,+/ /% (%/ 8,#8#,&"#'+ %/8+,&"'.#(#/ %'$,% (+/ &+8+/ .% &+,$7' E( +("9%'$# /% (%/ 8,#8#,&"#'+ &+.+ 1 7 2 .*+/ +/$+ % ((%)%' + %988+,
20
=&g10$ !5. C,"/#8+/ +("9%'$'.#/% &#' %=#/ .% S. cerealella 5 O/,*(&)* +, $+1#/%: U'+ =% >#,9+.#/ (#/ &#&#'%/ /% 8,#&%.% + ,%$",+,(#/ .% (#/ &+,$#'%/ + &#(#&+,(#/ %' '+/ +'.%<"$+/Q (#/ &#&#'%/ =+' + (#/ &#/ .% #="8#/"&"#' .#'.% %9%,)%' (#/ +.($#/ /% +8+,%+' 8#/$%,"#,9%'$% =+' + &#(#&+, // %=#/ D,+'$% %/$+ %$+8+ /% (%/ .%% 8,#8#,&"#'+, +("9%'$# +)+
=&g10$ !6. C#&#'%/ &#/%&+.#/ .% Chrysoperla externa 6. U*&+$+,% +, 9&2%&(&)*: P+,+ (+ #="8#/"&"7' /% 8%.%' $"("+, +(.%/ .% 8(/$"&# $,+'/8+,%'$% .% ' )+(7' .% &+8+&".+. # &#/ .% 9+.%,+
O9&2%&(&)* ,* (1%: E' %/$% &+/# /% $"("+' &#/ .% J0 &9 .% (+.# &#'/"/$%'$%/ %' +,9+#'%/ .% 9+.%,+ &"%,$+/ %' 3 .% // 21
(+.#/ 8#, '+ 9+((+ .% $%(+ % "98".% (+ /+(".+ .% (+/ &,"/#8+/ L+ 8+,$% /8%,"#, .%( &# %.+ (",% 8+,+ &#(#&+, 8+8%( %( &+( /% /<%$+ &#' ' +/$".#,Q %' %/$% 8+8%( &#(#&+,' // %=#/ E' #$,# .% (#/ (+.#/ .%( &# /% &#(#&+ '+ 9+')+ .% $%(+ 8#, .#'.% /% %>%&$+ (+ (+#, .% +("9%'$+&"7' .% (#/ +.($#/ +/* # .% (+ ("98"%+ .% (+ '".+. E' %/$#/ &#/ /% &#(#&+' +(,%.%.#, .% J00 &,"/#8+/ %( &+9"# .% 8+8%( &#/%&+'.# (#/ %=#/ /% .%% +&%, ."+,"# S% ,%$",+ %( 8+8%( ,+>$ &#'$%'"%'.# (#/ %=#/ .% (+/ &,"/#8+/ /% /%8+,+' 8+,+ %( %98(%# .% ,%&"&(+<% #$,#/ /#' &#'/%,=+.#/ %' ,%>,")%,+&"7' +/$+ 8#, .*+/ + J VC
=&g10$ !. C#/ .% 9+.%,+ .#'.% %9%,)%' (+' #="8#/"$+' (+/ &,"/#8+/ +.($+/
.A#&4,*/$(&)* +, #% $+1#/%: E( +("9%'$# .% (#/ +.($#/ &#'/"/$% %' 9%&(+, 12 &&+,+."$+ .% 8#(%' 5 &&+,+.+/ .% 9"%( .% +%<+/ 5 &&+,+.+/ .% +)+ 10 &&+,+.+/ .% (%=+.,+ .% &%,=%+ %' 8#(=# 8+,+ >#,9+, '+ 8+/$+ (")%,+9%'$% %/8%/+ $+9"' /% (%/ /9"'"/$,+ +)+ %' ' +()#.7' # %/8#'<+ &#(#&+.+ /#,% (+ $+8+ E( +("9%'$# %( +)+ /% (%/ .%%' /9"'"/$,+, ."+,"+9%'$% 22
=&g10$ !. A("9%'$+&"7' .% &,"/#8+/ &#' ."%$+ %' ,%)(+/ .% 8(/$"&#
b. C0&$*@$ +, Orius insidiosus S,g* HU !F. 3. R,(8 +, 2%/10$%: S% $"("+ $+8%, ,%&$+')(+, N# 5 +* /% &#(#&+' %=#/ .% Sitotroga cerealella 8+8%( &#,$+.# %/%<%/ .% &+9#$% $+((# &#' #<+/ /%
&#(#&+' ' '9%,# .% 500 "'."=".#/ +.($#/ .% 'rius insidiosus (+ >"'+(".+. .% &#(#&+, %/%<%/ %/ ,"'.+, +)+ + (#/ "'/%&$#/ +.($#/ 8+,+ % (+/ %9,+/ #="8#/"$%' // %=#/ %' (#/ $+((#/Q %( 8+8%( &#,$+.# $"%'% 8#, >"'+(".+. +/#,=%, (+ 9%.+. E( +("9%'$# /% &+9"+ "'$%,."+,"# (#/ .*+/ ('%/ 9",&#(%/ ="%,'%/
=&g10$ !. E/%<%/ .% &+9#$% %' .#'.% #="8#/"$+ 'rius insidiosus 8+,+ %( ,%&#<# .%
8#/$,+/
!. I*%/$#$(&)*: 23
D%'$,# .% ' $+8%, ,%&$+')(+, N# 5 /% &#(#&+' +8,#?"9+.+9%'$% 14 %/%<%/ .% &+9#$% 1500 %=#/ .% 'rius insidiosus #$%'".#/ .%( ,%&#<# .% (+/ 8#/$,+/ +.%9/ 8+8%( &#,$+.# +8,#? 5) .% %=#/ .% 8,%/+ 3) .% S cerealella 2) .% &phestia cuniella (%)# &#' 8+8%( ,+>$ /% /%((+ %( $+8%,
=&g10$ !. E/%<%/ .% &+9#$% 8+,+ 8,#8#,&"#'+, +)+ + Orius insidiosus
5. C$4& +, 2$2,#: D%/8/ .% .*+/ /% ,%+("+ %( &+9"# .% $+8+ &#' (+ >"'+(".+. .% 8,#8#,&"#'+, +("9%'$# H 2O + (#/ "'/%&$#/ E'&#'$,+9#/ '"'>+/ .%( 2-3 %/$+."#
=&g10$ !. C+9"# .% 8+8%( ,+>$ 8+,+ 8,#8#,&"#'+, +("9%'$# +)+ + Orius insidiosus 24
6. C%,($ 2$0$ 0,(&(#$8, L#/ "'/%&$#/ %' %/$+."# '"'>+( 2 3 8+/+' + =%'$+/ "'9%."+$+9%'$% (+ #$,+ 8,#8#,&"7' =+' + ,%&"&(+<% %/ .%&", /%)",' %' (#/ $+8%,/ &,%&"%'.# 8+,+ /%)", %( 8,#&%/# .% ,%8,#.&&"7'
=&g10$ 5. A.($#/ .% Orius insidiosus % =+' + =%'$+/ ,%&"&(+<% E( &#/$# .% 3 &*+&9&+1% %/ .% S 350 D%/.% (+ #="8#/"&"7' +/$+ (+ %&(#/"7' /#' 4 .*+/ .% '"'>+ + +.($# @ .*+/ .% %=# + +.($# 15 .*+/
C0&$*@$ +, #$ ,%2,(&, Galleria melonella 2$0$ #$ 20+1((&)* +, *,4á/+% ,*/42$/)g,*% ,* #$ S1 D&0,((&* +, C*/0# B&#)g&( L&4$ -P,0 S,g* HU !F c. C0&$*@$ +, Galleria melonella:
3. R,(12,0$(&)* +, 2%/10$%: S#,% (+ $+8+ .%( $+8%, /% &#(#&+ ' 8%.+# .% 8+8%( ,+>$ .% >#,9+ &",&(+, .#'.% (+/ 8#("((+/ +.($+/ =+' #="8#/"$+'.# // %=#/ + $,+=/ .% (+ $%(+ &#' ,%<"((+ % 8#/%% ."&+ $+8+ %/$+/ 8#/$,+/ /% &#/%&+' .%<+'.# ' .*+ ('%/-9",&#(%/-="%,'%/ 8#, ' 8%,"#.# .% 10 .*+/
25
=&g10$ 53. H%=#/ .% Galleria melonella /#,% 8+8%( K,+>$ !. I*%/$#$(&)*: L#/ %=#/ % >%,#' ,%$",+.#/ .% (#/ $+8%,/ /#' &#(#&+.#/ %' ' '%=# $+8%, 9+/ 8%%# % %( +'$%,"#, .%'$,# /#,% (+ ."%$+ % /% + 8,%8+,+.# 8+,+ (+/ 8#("((+/ (%)# %/$% %'=+/% /% /%((+ &#' 8+8%( ,+>$ 8%)'.#(# + 9+'%,+ .% $+8+ 8+,+ %="$+, %( %/&+8% .% (+,=+/ 5. C$4& +, /$2$: L+/ (+,=+/ =+' %9%,)"%'.# +( &+# .% .*+/ /% &+9"+ (+ $+8+ &#' (+ >"'+(".+. .% "'&,%9%'$+, %( #?")%'# %' %( ,%&"8"%'$%Q 8+,+ ".%'$">"&+, %( &+9"# .% $+8+ (+/ (+,="$+/ .%%' .% $%'%, +8,#? 1&9 .% (#')"$. H+ % $%'%, %' &%'$+ %' /+&+, (#/ 8+8%(%/ .#'.% %/$++' (#/ %=#/ "98,%)'+.#/ 6. C$4& +, /$2,0%: D%/8/ .% .*+/ % /% + &+9"+.# (+ $+8+ /% ,%+("+ %( &+9"# .% $+8%,/ % &#'/"/$% %' /%8+,+, %' .#/ 8+,$%/ %( //$,+$# .%( 8,"9%, $+8%, &+.+ 9"$+. /% &#(#&+ %' .#/ '%=#/ $+8%,/ +'&#/ ),+'.%/ (+/ $+8+/ .%%' %/$+, +)<%,%+.+/ %' .#'.% /% &#(#&+ 9+((+/ 8+,+ '+ +.%&+.+ +%,+&"7' +.%9/ /% (% +),%)+ + &+.+ $+8%, '%=# '+ 8#,&"7' .% ."%$+ ,%&"' 8,%8+,+.+ %' '+ &+'$".+. % b%'/% 8+,+ %( &,%&"9"%'$# (+,=+( . D,%$00## #$09$#: L+/ (+,=+/ =+' .%/+,,#(('.#/% 8#, ' 8%,"#.# .% .*+/ 9/ 8+,+ '%=+9%'$% /%8+,+,(#/ %' $+8%,/ .">%,%'$%/ //$,+$#/ &#' ."%$+ '%=+ D%/8/ .% 14 .*+/ .%( &+9"# .% $+8%,/ /% +&% (+ ($"9+ ."="/"7' .% (#/ $+8%,/ '# #(=".+, % 8#, &+.+ $+8%, ="%<# /% #$%'., 2 '%=#/ &#' // ,%/8%&$"=+/ (+,=+/ 26
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