Biblia Ilustrada-Gustave Doré.pdf

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'^î

^^»

Bhk

MULII L}Pn\

III /-

.'' J

GUSTAVE DORE


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THE

BIBLE GALLERY ILLUSTRATED

GUSTAVE DORE, With Memoir

of

Dork and

TALBOT

New

W.

Descriptive Letter-press

CHAMBERS,

D.D.

York, London and Paris,

CASSELL & COMPANY,


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By

O.

M.

DUNHAM,


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INTRODUCTION.

For famous

centuries

the Scriptures have furnished the

galleries of

tament and the

Europe deprived

New, they would

of the lose

at

much vigor

least

The

entire work, in

added greatly two

folio

for

Were

artists.

of their

The

masterpieces.

illustrating various secular works,

In this he displayed great

devoted his

and swiftness of execution.

The

too large and costly for general circulation.

The

facility

volumes,

is

volume a

selection of

one hundred of the choicest all

mation needed for the proper understanding of the persons or incidents portrayed.

a useful

companion

to God's

great

power and richness of imagination and

and these are accompanied by a descriptive narrative intended to furnish

being furnished at a moderate

the

to his celebrity.

publishers, therefore, have issued in this tures,

one-half

of conception, united with a wonderful

illustrations of the Bible

themes

works which have been suggested by the Old Tes-

French painter and designer, Gustave Dore, after talent to the sacred volume.

favorite

price, will,

it

is

hoped, find

its

way

into

pic-

the infor-

The book

many homes, and prove

most holy Word. T.


W.

C.

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GUSTAVE DOr6. Paul Gustave Dor^ was born painter was '

nt

Strasburg on the

Rene Delomie

infancy of Dore was therefore,

tells

It is

not

known when Dore

when only

He

called the Bastion. to

grammar.

They allowed him

Once, in a composition of verse

hesitate to give Gustave the

to

—according

first

draw

the

to

editor of the Journal

Philippon, exclaims Delorme,

Who

of Hercules.

number

of the

when

the

little

' Twas

did this?

Journal poiir Rire

at

to stay in Paris,

his great desire

and of

but before he was eight years of age he

;

The one had

for

its

on the slope of the walk

slide

and place pictorial annotations on the margins of his

his copy-books,

in

Delorme, who

to

tells

t he s to ry

^V^lile solecisms

to take

him

to Paris,

received his laurels and departed, taking in his box sundry portfolios.

alone

of the

hills

— Dore

abounded

gave the professor, by way of translation, a

in the

copies of his

comrades, Dore had

little

and M. Grandmottet, the professor, did not

;

place.

encourage the boy to work, his father promised

all

romantic

tlie

features both of Strasburg

and the other represented a boy's

alone thoroughly understood and rendered with correctness the scene described by the historian

himself

The

department of the Ain.

viz.,

entered the Lyce'e, or grammar-school of Bourg, preceded by his reputation of draughtsman, and his masters had the

thwart his vocation.

drawing representing with rigorous exactitude the murder of CHtus.

To

ilit:

eleven he designed two pictures, showing at once facility and humor.

subject the inauguration of David's s ta tu e o f Bichat, the eminent anatomist,

sense not

chef-lieii nf

equally ignorant on the subject

is

and was sent, while the future

civil entrinccr,

now

Bresse, and

forgets the wonderfully impressive architectural

learned to draw, and he himself

could use his pencil with ease, and

La

under the influence of two striking natural objects,

us,

But he

Vosges and the grander mountains of the Alps.

His father wa9. a

of Janun.17, 1833.

6tli

capital of ihe ancient province of

child, to Bourg, the

a

still

pour

whose

Rire^

provided he obtaiiied prizes at ihe end of his quarter.

As soon

was situated

office

schoolboy showed him a remarkable I,

sir.

Bourg, and

set of

in the

and study drawing and become an

the hotel to

among which was

that

who

little fellow,

come and present

and he feared

artist,

Judge o f t he

Place de la Bourse.

drawings,

Very surprised, t he e di to r talked with the

how he had escaped from

The boy

he descended at the hotel, he escaped and presented

as

himself.

a series of

told

s ur pr is e o f

The Labors

him how he had seen

He

a

confided also to him

he would be taken back to Bourg, because his

father found education too expensive in the schools of Paris.

Philippon was an excellent man, and listened attentively to the

your parents, who are no doubt anxious, and ask your father

An

hour afterwards Philippon declared

to t he f at he r o f

Museum

account must he leave' the precincts of the

The suffice

amply

to

of

scholar,

little

come and

Dore

that

Louvre

the

assuring him at the same time

Labors of Hercules,

to

;

and then

see me.

I

believe

the vocation of

all

dra\^'ings, return

to

you desire could be realized.

ch ild appeared really extraordinary— that on no

t he

and, that things might be

that th e p rice of these drawings,

made

and those

easy and pleasant, he would publish

that

Gustave Dore could make, would

pay for his schooling at the Charlemagne.

This incident occurred with a f ri en d of his mother, Besides such

in

the

autumn

Madame

of

1847,

Herouville,

who

when

the boy

lived in the

was about fourteen, and

Rue

St. Paul,

finally led t o h is

two steps from the

remaining

He

in Paris.

stayed

college.

spontaneous work as from time to time rejoiced the eyes of his appreciative professors, the pencil of Dore during those

student days was regularly employed by his friend, M. Philippon, in producing illustrations for

These and

Leave me your

said to him,

designs to Balzac's Conies Drolatiques,

his subsequent

helped

much

to

make

his

La

name

Caricature and the

Jownal pour

Rire.

familiar in the art-world, and to lay the

foundation of his great reputation. In the

meantime came

insurrection of the

the deadliest passion.

1848, and

the Impressionable

What drew him

and massacres, was not

barricades, shootings

men animated by

the days of June,

Faubourg Saint Antoine.

politics,

Dore',

taking up his post

to this volcanic quarter,

which have

little

significance for him, but

Dore was

sw ift to take advantage with

humanity conducted self-preservation. active

itself

It

its

turbulent inhabitants,

Here, indeed, was a school for studying the live model, both singly and in groups.

his pencil of its

when loosened from

all

its

improvised

the terrible spectacle of contending bodies of

muscle, whether in grimy face or bared arm, was to be seen under almost eveiy conceivable attitude on,

Paul, assisted at the

in the Street of St.

however, with

;

The

play of

and while the war of revolution went

ever-varying phase, and to lay up for future artistic use the knowledge of

conventional restraints a nd t hr ow n back on the primeval instincts of

was doubtless under such circumstances that

his

strife,

marvelous faculty for tumultuous grouping was

first

how

bloodshed, and

quickened into

exercise.

From

1S4S

to

1852 Dore, according to Delorme, studied with

much

assiduity and courage whatever belonged to the technique of painting,


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GUSTAVE DORE. and

1853 or 1S54 he exhibited for the

in

The

Sickly Child.

phantly a

first

one with

little

time two pictures,

first

The second had

was a picturesque composition.

and the other

rosy cheeks,

fresh, round,

The Family of the Mountebanks,

viz.,

carries in her

mother throws

picture lies in the mournful look of envy which the second

for subject the

arms a poor,

at the

have exhibited a fourth, Riccio,

and

a high opinion,

said at the time that

and time has placed

for the future,

its

it

but there was no room for

— La

Of

it.

The

thin, puling infant.

whom

of

leads trium-

touch of nature in the

Le

BataUle de I'Alma,

and La

Soir,

Prairie.

work both Theophile Gautier and Edmond About had

this

would h ave be en an undoubted success had

impHmatw' on every word

Thriving Child and the

first.

At the Universal Exhibition of 1S55 Dore was represented by three pictures

He would

The

and

meeting of two mothers, one

They prophesied

been shown.

it

him great things

of

they wrote.

In 1856 the English public was introduced to a version of the old French romance of Jaufry the Knight and the Fair Brunissende

Tale of the Times of King Arthur, original

and the

;

startling.

which appeared

The Wandering Jew,

height of his fame as an

full

1861, and were

Paris in

in

which Dore had contributed twenty pictures

publication of

folio

But the

to

re-issued in

art-lovers

became

is

of the glamour of

full

brought out the following year, was

was not reached

still

and

Purgatorio

romance as the

more imaginative,

country by Messrs. Cassell, Petter and Galpin in 1866.

this

a

:

text of his

weird-like, and

publication of his illustrations to Dante's Inferno,

the

till

familiar with the

says Mr. Oilier,

illustrator

as

French and English

Paradiso,

—an astonishing number, considering

over 136

by

issued

the

same publishers

in 1868.

The number

their excellence, their variety, the extraordinary height

Dante designs, and range of their

of

conceptions, and the pictorial elaboration of their handling. But, strange to say

and original

— and

the

has never been noticed by an y of his biographers

fact

was declined by one of the most eminent firms

series,

its

In

risk.

money

vain

— that there

friend, tried

would be no demand

The book was

himself.

a belief in

a

publisher, as

the

for

to dissuade

15th of

the

produced Spaniard

his is

merged

Its

in that o f the

At the request

of

His arguments were

by storm, and

the world

published, took

and Paradiso

August, 1S61, Gustave Dore was

Don Quixote.

him from such an undertaking, assuring him

Dante with such large designs.

contained seventy-six drawings, and the Purgatorio

On

made

the

edition was

a Chevalier of

the Legion

370 drawings so enhanced the text of Cervantes

Frenchman, and we invariably

say,

And

whole history of

yet these

occupied

Coleridge-s Ancient Mariner,

all

that

had

The Inferno

Honor; and two years afterwards,

of

that, in

and

and fecundity

La

1S63, he

in

referring to this edition, the glory of the great

less a period

in his ]ifetim*e.

Fontaine, 300 engravings illustrating Spain, 150

thirty-six for

Tennyson's Idylls of the King.

and

of imagination, a readiness

artist's life as a

To

spontaneity of pencil,

work

The production

of illustration.

o f t hes e engravings

than four years, and the cost of drawing and engraving alone amounted to more than $75,000.

the e di ti on o f Milton, executed

-Several years

ago

a collector in Paris,

who was

eagerly seizing

all

He

does not

In the

Various other works have also

expressly for Messrs. Cassell, Petter and Galpin.

been produced since, illustrating writings of standard authors, both English and French.

made

exhausted in a few days.

his

great men,

In 1866 appeared the Holy Bible, with nearly 250 illustrations, which has

Dore has done.

the culminating and vastest work of the

same year was completed

has

all

to lose

art.

by no means represent

M. Dore no

Dore, like

vain.

own

at his

was certain

Dore's Don Quixote.

the illustration of these multitudinous subjects he brought a vividness

Ijeen fitly described as

all in

work published

that he

Messrs. Hachette and C o., th e publishers of the works just enumerated, he produced forty-four works for Chateau-

doing a like service for London, forty designs for

in the

of this truly magnificent

first

sixty.

briand's Atala, forty-eight large compositions and 250 heads of pages for the Fables of

unequaled

the

took his drawings to the publisher, and proposed

not to be deterred from his purpose, and proposed to have the

M. Dore, however, was

proving profitable.

When Dore

in Paris.

Inferno,

work, he was assured with a smile of well-bred commiseration that there was not the slightest chance

his undertaking the publication of the

of

— the

know

himself

how many

designs he

he could get of his published sketches, had then

ascertained that there were over 20,000 in existence.

Turning

Dore's paintings, captious

to

transient affairs that

an injustice. fixion,'

the

Do

had been dashed

they think,

and they

Those, on the contrary, as great realities,

his

work

say, that

will then

my

I

so creative

He

much

are aware that he

is

\\\^

a

and

his

hand

so ready, are apt

the lighter hours of relaxation

drawings and sketches, and labor

'

Christ Leaving the Prretorium,'

conscientious labor?

The Neophyte,

for

example— whiuh,

man

of the

into th e e arly morning. the way,

is

'

The Night

make

Let them try to

most unflagging mental

—and he

Ijy

speak of them as

him

of the Cruci-

a mere outline on a

painting oi such canvases means.

and recreation are over far

to

very reasonably complains that in this respect people do

can paint such subjects as

pictures, without

have some idea of what

who know Dore

is

or care.

among

is

as full of animal

and regards

activity,

and no one was ever more vividly impressed with the force of what Hippocrates said about

When

at his

etching of

will

without either thought

'Francesca da Rimini,' or any of

large canvas themselves,

than Dore.

he

off

because his intellect

critics,

life

spirits as a

life

boy— he

will

plates

in

existence,


and

will

one

art

long

often resume

His patience and fastidiousness are remarkable.

the largest

and work

being short and

His grand

day be prized as one

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GUSTAVE DORE. of the rare things

art— was

in

His friends thought

it

He made

the source of endless trouble.

mere wanton fastidiousness

elczmt etchings of this subject before

to destroy p la te a ft er plate, especially as

he was

with the twelfth

satisfied

many of them were very successful

but Dore

;

thought no labor too great to satisfy himself.

The all

inventive faculty of Dore

had become the fashionable rage and beautiful, that

simply unrivaled, and his pencil in

is

geniuses worthy of the name, he it

Dore had produced

is,

creative character

his

most assuredly the

is

which

in

first

broadest sense.

its

famous plate of Rossini, taken after Death,

t he p la te of his Neophyte,

To

has rarely been equaled.

it

its

many-sided, and in his case the word artist must be applied in

is

Europe.

Like

Years before etcliing

so vigorous, yet withal so lender

perhaps the finest piece of color and characteriza.

is

Dore ever painted, we have already alluded.

tion

In wood-engraving he has raised up quite a school in Paris.

They

say that,

when

man

they please him, no

is

He

has the entire control over these

kinder or more liberal than

lie

but

;

gentlemen— i n

and destroys

rejects

lie

all

he employs tliem.

f ac t,

work

does not satisfy

that

him, and to the grief of his s ou l t he engraver has to commence his labor over again. Again, as a sculptor, Dore' does more than bid 1S77,

his La Gloire of

1878,

sculpture he ever executed

A

year.

Dore

occupied

is,

There

is

is

;

By such works

for fame.

He

in this

manner

we have

was, as

it

;

and one can

easily

group of Fate and Love

ot

poetical and most touching group of the hides her dagger in the laurels with which she has

in

all

liis

social

is

age.

the

He

Fame.

the look of

none the

an admirer

less

and accomplishments, from

qualities

imagine how his great studio— said, indeed, to be

tlie

largest in

Napoleon

\vas a favorite with

Ben Jonson's time would have

in

Salm

in the

second group of

was the most

who

of setting forth the p ri ce t ha t has to be paid for

frequent haunt of the rank and fashion and intellect of

La Gloire — the

Indeed his

it.

seen, the intimate friend of Rossini, but he

Empress Eugenie, and on more than one occasion designed and directed what

Paris— and and the

III.

masques

bfcen called their

revels.

In stature Dore

and

for

;

he sings well, plays well on the violin and piano, and

talking to conjuring, he is simply charming

and

as his plaster

1879, he has already achieved

being stabbed to the heart by Fame,

an eternal and terrible truth

moreover, an amateur musician.

his musical sfin'es are the

fair

of

place of honor in the Salon of 1878

the

—

music ot Beethoven

the

L'Effroi

his

youth personifying Genius or Glory

wreathed him.

of

and

fair, his

Though no

is

rather under than over the middle height

eyes dark, quick, and penetrating.

There

is

stranger to the l ov e o f laughter and the joys of

frequently with a

bound and

and

a start,

is

likely to

;

but then he

a peculiar life,

is

broad-shouldered and firmly k:nit.

upward and defiant pose about

the mirthful

mood

is

the air

by no means always

and

pres(ent.

be succeeded as suddenly with thoughts serious and grave.

Of

His complexion <

set of

his

Whe n

it

is

fresh

massive head. does come

it

is

the two moods, however.

and especially physical, conformation of the man shows a predisposition towards the bright aind active i n l if e. Dore several times attempted the ascent of the Matterhorn, and on one occasion he climbed outside to the sunlimit of Rouen recording tp some authorities, of Strasburg) Cathedral. One with activities of this kind is scarcely likely to suiffer from the general mental,

i

(or,

;nnui or hypoclion-

(

dria.

The multitudinous moral and

and conditions of men, but

intellectual

manner

all

of

weird sorrows of the Wandering Jew.

sjbhme

in

Holy Writ,

that

all

is

facets of

which the man

moods and fashions and

is

formed enable him

La Fontaine and Dante, Rabelais and Milton,

lovely in the field or awe-impressing in

drawbacks the hypercritical may attach

to the practice of the artist,

to reflect

times, from the gross animalism

he

still

all

that

is

and reproduce not only

all

kinds

and vulgar wants of Sancho Panza

to the

glorious in legend, tender in

the lightning-scathed crag,

come

remains the most universal,

if

poetry, or

readily to his call, and whatever

not the greatest, pictorial expresser

the world has yet seen.

Gustave Dor( book-illustration,

had

and

while, his health failed,

In his

own

line

to

some extent passed

in these

days

and he died

he has

left

it

at

is

out of the blaze of public fame during the

book-illustration, rather

Pau on the 23d of January, 1SS3,

no equal, and indeed

last

few years of his

than picture-painting, w-hich gives an at the early

artist

life.

He

did less in the

t he g re at es t notoriety.

way

A Iter

of .1

age of fifty-one.

1


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THE EXPULSION FROM THE GARDEN.

The

represents what

illustration

is

stated in

Genesis

24

iii.

:

So he drove out the man

and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of pe nci l o f the artist.

The

Its

This pathetic scene has often attracted the

life.

mournful contrast with

all

that preceded

enough

is

to touch

any

heart.

drama: of exile has often been repeated in the world's history, but never so sadly as in the

experience of the

pair,

first

when

They, hand

in

hand, with wandering steps and slow

Through Eden took

But the interest of the thoughtful

their solitary

way.

the matter

in

is

far

The

more than mere sentiment.

expulsion from the garden signalizes the great fact in the history of mankind, that the race not what

it

was once.

better than they of theologians,

now

is

The

Human

are.

a spontaneous

moralists like Cicero

totle,

traditions of

all

nations point back to a period

depravity, so far from being a

and universal conviction.

and Seneca, historians

wide-spread and deep-seated

of this

record of Moses.

Had

Man was

made

there

is

has reached every sin

Adam

;

But he

member

failed

of the race.

and so death passed upon and Eve fleeing

in

all

shame and

sees the cause and the type of his

own

mere dogma, the invention

bear witness to

no clear and

intelligible

fell,

men, for that

exile

ills

which

in

the

Maker's image.

afflict

the world

and thus was introduced the deadly virus which

By one man

terror

as does

answer save

a sinner, but, on the contrary, in his

and

it,

But when we seek for the cause

he continued to retain that image, none of the long train of

would have appeared.

by

not

evil,

when men were

Philosophers like Plato and Aris

like Tacitus, all

every religion that ever appeared on the face of the earth.

is

sin

all

entered into the world, and death

have sinned.

In the sad picture of

from their holy home, each of

their descendants

from the favor and fellowship of God.

But the same volume which discloses to us the expulsion from the primeval garden, also reveals the

way

of return.

Eden has disappeared

forever, but

its

place

is

taken by a better

region where the curse never comes, and where they that enter go no more out forever. it

is

IS in

written (Rev.

ii.

7),

To him

that

overcometh

will

I

give to eat of the tree of

life,

For which

the midst of the paradise of God.


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THE EXPULSION FROM THE GARDEN. http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biblia-ilustrada-gustave-dorepdf

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THE MURDER OF GENESIS

The

sad truth set forth

Ahenation from God given

in

Genesis,

ship, the latter fice,

is

when

in

IV.

ABEL.

1-15.

the preceding page

here ilkistrated in the most striking way.

is

ahvays followed by mutual estrangement.

and Abel, appeared before the Lord

the two brothers, Cain

was accepted, the former

not,

— the

which pointed to t he great truth of expiation, the other with an unbloody

success,

and even the gracious expostulation of

his

Cain became angry

led

to

brother and slew him.

Apostle John

And

brother.

First

in his

We

are not left

Epistle

Because

?

Cain was his

sacri-

which

at his

his

ill-

mind.

Cain rose up against Abel

doubt as to the origin of

12) says:

(iii.

wherefore slew he him

in

wor-

hatred, and hatred to obduracy

before God, and the issue was the shedding of a brother's blood. his

offering,

Maker made no impression upon

Envy

the contrary, he went from bad to worse.

for

one coming as a sinner with a bloody

contained no suggestion of unworthiness or the need of pardon.

On

According to the record

of the

this fratricide

The

wicked one, and slew

own works were

evil,

and

his

his

brother's

righteous.

The

has chosen to represent that point of time when the murderer, having accom-

artist

plished his

fell

purpose, turns to look upon the result in the lifeless form prostrate before him.

His attitude and is

his

countenance betray the incipient remorse which

is

There

have no end.

to

no need to portray him. as Ary Scheffer has done, wandering on a desert path with Nemesis

hovering over him

He

in the

shape of an angel with a drawn sword.

Nemesis

is

in

h is bre as t.

may, when brought to account, deny that he has knowledge of his brother, but no such

denial can be

blood

made

And

to the voice within.

?

Well does the writer of the

last

Epistle in the

sinners of his time as those

aggravated the first murderer, him

who

set

the

is

hope

if

evil

example

in

the

of yielding

way to

(Jude of

The

For there

is

i.

verse i) describe

Cain.

pride,

the earth with innocent blood.

they repent and believe.

better things than the blood of Abel.

New Testament

who have gone

hatred, and malice, until at last he defiled

there

what, what shall wash out the stain of a brother's

They

imitate

impenitence, envy,

Yet even

for such

a blood of sprinkling which speaketh

latter cried out for retribution, the

former

testifies

of expiation.


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THE MURDEK

Oij'

ABEL.


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THE DELUGE. GENESIS

The of

the deplorable consequences of the

last picture set forth

Adam

one exhibits those

this

:

VII.

evil

So

became

perish

in

own

its

which, terrible as

To guard

corruption.

it

shown

the family

in

earth

became

extend that

far did this depravity

all

and unless God interfered the human family would utterly

for destruction,

ripe

as

The whole

results on a far wider scale.

exceedingly wicked, and crimes of violence abounded. flesh

Fall

such a result the

against

was, yet had a merciful side, since

it

Lord sent a

visitation

preserved a remnant, and so saved the

This was the Flood, which has sometimes been considered as strictly universal. But require us writers, subsequent does not the usage of language of Scripture, as explained by the race.

to hold

more than

sweep away

all

that the

judgment was not

the contemporaries of Noah.

the best established facts of history.

local

but general, and extended

That such a general deluge did

Indeed no supernatural event recorded

sustained by such varied and abundant outside evidence as

occurrence

is

found everywhere, not only among Babylonians,

Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, but vians,

and the

ment upon

isles

of the Pacilic,

a sinful race.

Assyrian clay tablets of a flood

this.

and an

in

ark.

all

The

and almost always with the

enough

occur,

is

the

in

to

one of

Bible

is

tradition of such an

Persians,

over the Western Continent,

far

Hindoos, Chinese,

among Mexicans,

ethical idea that

it

Peru-

was a judg-

Within a few years a fresh confirmation has been gained from some the British It is

Museum,

the translation of which presents a vivid narrative

quite impossible that a tradition so wide-spread should have no

historical foundation.

The

picture before

us gives

vation.

and

all

the

many

antipathies be swallowed

Ample warning was given

side the ark in

flood,

of

sad

tragedies

which

must

have

Rational and irrational beings would alike seek some refuge

occurred at this awful period.

from the roaring

a specimen

were taken by surprise.

of the

impending

up

in

stroke, but

the one effort for self-preser-

none regarded

Old and young, fathers and mothers, were

it,

and

all

out-

alike involved

the overwhelming catastrophe.


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THF

IlKl.UGE,


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NOAH CURSING HAM. GENESIS

The

illustrations of

human

depravity

still

IX.

continue.

Even

in

the family so remarkably pre-

served from the deluge which engulfed a race, there crops out the irrepressible tendency to go

Noah, the preacher

astray.

so

far

as

to

of righteousness, the

become the victim

occasion to an equally shameful exhibition of

For Ham, who

first

with pleasure to

brothers.

sight their father's disgrace.

of the race

was so

a shameful exposure of his person, and this gave filial

irreverence on the part of his youngest son.

witnessed the unseemly sight, instead of covering

his

his generation, deviated

The second head

of a base bodily appetite.

make unconsciously

as to

overcome by drink

one faithful man of

They, on the contrary,

it,

related

apparently

modesty hid from

reverential

v.'ith

it

This circumstance gave occasion to the prophetic utterance set

forth in the illustration.

The words

of

Noah have sometimes been So

drunken man's wrath.

far

from

that,

profanely described as the mere expression of a

they are a divine forecasting of the future, and one

The

abundantly justified by the records of history. cumstance, to set forth,

The

terity.

true

Spirit of

God took

occasion, from this

broad outline, the destiny of the three great streams of Noah's pos-

in

was

religion

first

given to and continued

in

the children of Shem, but after-

wards Japhet was enlarged and entered into the tents of Shem, sharing descendants of

and

otliers

Ham, on

— were

all

cir-

the other

subjected

to

hand

— Canaanites,

the yoke,

and

his

The

blessings.

Phcenicians, Carthaginians, Egyptians,

sooner or later became

servants

to

their

brethren.

The nance,

curse of

Ham,

so graphically depicted

was pronounced not upon the original

because he was walking

in

in

Noah's uplifted arm and frowning counte-

culprit,

the steps of his father's

but upon

impiety and

the people directly derived from him, and bearing his name,

the hereditary foes of the covenant people. for the

And

Canaan

sin,

partly,

no doubt,

but chiefly because

who should

thus Israel,

:

in

the future

when engaged

it

was

become

in the struggle

promised land, would be encouraged by recalling the primeval prophecy that their

foe sliould be

made

a servant of servants.


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THE TOWER OF

The

all,

new development

eleventh chapter of Genesis informs us of a

having lost the true unity of the race sought another

in

in its

BABEL.

common attachment

The

head to the clouds.

lifted

its

found

in the

To keep

God and Father

public edifices

in

is

fortified city,

known

with a citadel which

The

still

build-

been the usual type of

to have is

Euphrates, and

the regions of the Tigris and the

of

themselves together

imposing structures, of which remains are

fashioned after what

is

Men,

pride.

Babylonian plain, strikingly corroborate the account given by Moses.

ing outlined in the illustration

mere fancy

vast and

one

to the

a haughty and splendid material empire.

and make themselves a name, they would build a walled and

human

of

therefore

more than a

sketch.

The means which God employed

How

confound their speech.

this

to

check the impious efforts of the tower-builders was to

was done we are not informed, whether by an inward or an

outward process, by altering the associations of words with things or by producing differences of pronunciation itself

is

The

declares.

sudden end came unity

to

all

in op|30sition to

The

dialect.

Nor have we any means

That God was able

certain.

own word

and

race

to effect

it

could 'nave been

in

it,

no other way.

his

A

God.

statements of Genesis are wonderfully confirmed by modern philology.

and Turanian.

called Semitic, Aryan,

The many

by general consent, resolved into three great

commonly

Yet, widely as these three stocks

families,

differ,

Prof.

Muller says that nothing compels us to believe that they had separate independent begin-

nings either for the material or the formal elements of their speech. the

source of

A

That he did do

fact

plans of building up one great permanent center of social and political

are,

state

The

solving the problem.

no one can deny.

it,

was torn apart as

hundreds of inflected languages

Max

of

same thing all

positively,

and

insist

that

all

tlie

facts

point directly to ohe

common

the existing varieties of language.

pleasant counterpart to the sad scene of alienation and division

showing how men became strangers and enemies to each other, effusion at Pentecost, enabling the thia to

Other eminent scholars

Rome.

disciples to

speak

all

is

in

the picture before

seen in

us,

the miraculous

the various languages used from Par-

Christianity practically repeals the curse of

Babel by causing the Gospel to be

preached to every nation and kindred and tongue and people.


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THE TOWER OF

BAF.EL.


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ABRAHAM ENTERTAINS THREE STRANGERS. GENESIS

The

picture represents

appearances which

opening scene of one

the

God made

XVIII.

to

Abraham.

The

It is

in

representing Abraham's visitors as angels with

in

the

They were

in

instance.

They suddenly appeared

He

the heat of the day.

we

first

point, said

Then

the

Abraham accompanied them some

seems

entertain in

(xiii.

2),

men

set forth

in

distance on their

by tradition to be Kaphar Baritka, from which one can see the Lord revealed to Abraham his awful

Sodom and Gomorrah.

model of intercession

To

Hebrews

are told in the Epistle to the

a ravine, the party stopped, and the

spiritual

left off

human

in

ran to meet them, offering the hospi-

rebuked and apparently overcome.

humble but importunate prayer

God

c,

before Abraham, as

Then

the two angels proceeded on their mission

toward Sodom, while the Lord remained to hear what Abraham had to

before

i.

In the course of the interview that followed. .Sarah's unbelief

effectually

purpose respecting

generous and

informing him

but they did not so appear

the direction of the cities of the plain, and

At a certain Dead Sea through

of

of the Covenant,

entertained angels unawares.

way.

and also

them was the Angel

suited to the occasion, and thus, as

was

old age,

of

he sat at the door of his tent

of the promise

her

and one

form, having assumed bodies for the occasion.

tality

in

of confirming afresh to

Sodom and Gomorrah.

true that they were angels,

Lord himself;

the

of

has misconceived the narrative

artist

wings.

doom

the most remarkable of the many-

was for the purpose

It

him the promise that Sarah should bear a son beforehand of the impending

of

in

behalf of the

doomed

cities:

say.

This was an

on one hand displaying the

character of the heir of the promises, and on the other furnishing a

to

all

succeeding ages.

It

is

noteworthy that Abraham

left off

asking

conceding.

angels,

much more

the Angel of the

Lord,

is

indeed a great privilege, and

character for such an eminent believer as the father of the faithful.

Yet the Lord

Jesus more than once declared that any act of kindness done to his people because they are his

people,

This being

is

so,

done

to himself,

and

will

be so recognized and proclaimed

humble modern believers may have

as great an

in

the great day.

honor as Abraham himself-


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ACKAIiAM ENl'EKl'AlN.i iUKLL

M

1

l

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I'HE

DESTRUCTION OF SODOM. GENESIS XIX.

The

two angels who, according

Sodom, arrived there of

mocked

his faith at the

was

They warned him

the evening, and were hospitably received by Lot.

dreadful errand to destroy the

their

whether

in

Abraham and went toward

to the prececHng narrative, left

feeble, or his

and he allowed to take refuge

depart with

to

mind warped by the indifference of

warning, he lingered until at

and brought him forth without the

and urged him

city,

last,

but.

:

who

his sons-in-law

with friendly violence, the angels seized him

Even then he entreated

city.

speed

all

that Zoar might be spared,

His request was granted, and the picture represents him

there.

with a daughter on either arm, and fear and alarm expressed on every

as pressing forward

feature of his countenance.

As soon

as he

The Lord

entered Zoar the dreadful destruction commenced.

Along with

and brimstone out of heaven.

and populous

plain,

and formed^ what

is

now

the southern portion

in

upon the former

of the

Dead

tlie

horror of

flames beneath, flames

above,

treasures,

and even the very

tliat

doom

around

all

soil itself,

— so ;

the

calamity.

figure

standing

alone

men, women, children, domestic animals, houses,

swallowed up by the

This was Lot's nearest

the

in

picture

relative, his

presents the

An

wife.

the unclean

things of

Sodom, and, so looking, was

sulphurous rain seems to have

doom was worse when

the

storm

suffocated

than that of the struck

her.

injunction of our Saviour,

It

cities,

was

Remember

for

like

her,

and

most

Lot's wife.

smoke

pitiable

down

flee,

in

Almost saved


if

that dense

of a furnace.

victim

her heart

The dashing

incrusted

she had begun to a ship going

all

of

the

unwilling follower of the rescuing

lost.

then

Of

fiery visitation.

angels, she, in direct violation of an express injunction, looked back, as to

lan-

sudden, so complete, so overwhelming; flames

population, at sunrise nothing was seen but dense clouds of smoke, like the

Bat

Sea.

No

Into this pool of burning bitumen and seething waters the guilty cities sank forever.

guage can depict

fire

tremendous storm there appears to have been

this

a subsidence of the ground, so that the waters of the upper lake flowed fertile

rained

still

spray of the

sight

of port.

in

salt,

Her

her whole body.''

and was almost

is

clung

safety

Hence

the

not saved.

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THE EXPULSION OF HAGAR.

The

incident

is

related in the twenty-lirst chapter of

celebrated by a feast, at which the son of infant

heir

of

promise.

the

mother and son should be

command, yielded It is this

away.

Sarah was

personal

his

artist

at

the

mockery, and demanded that both

Abraham demurred, but

first

afterwards, at the divine

and the bondwoman, with her

child,

was sent

represents with spirit and effectiveness.

But the

preferences,

sad dismissal that the

Isaac was

of

Hagar, now a lad of fifteen years of age, derided the grieved

At

cast out.

The weaning

Genesis.

water which Hagar received was probabi}' not

an earthen

in

jar,

as

shown

in

the picture, but

in a kid-skin, as is usual in the East.

At

first

seems a very harsh and inexcusable proceeding.

sight this

But

it

is

remem-

to be

bered that the wilderness into which Hagar was sent to wander was not a desert, but simply a region which, though

pasture Besides, of the

and

;

not profitable for cultivation, was, to a large extent, well suited for

to be sent thither was,

Abraham had a

son of the

by no means,

will

make

I

could rely upon that word which never for

Ishmael's good,

as,

indeed,

)-et

consigned to destitution and death.

no harm should come to the

divine assurance that

bondwoman

to be

a nation, because he

had

we know was

is

failed him, that the

the case.

But

And

He

thy seed.

therefore

for the

the household, that the separation should be made, and that tlius should be given,

advance, a living illustration of the inherent incompatibility between the the spirit of liberty.

sented

in

(See Galatians

iv.

This

22-31.)

mere legalism

mockery

of

;

ages

life

in

severe as

seemed

to be,

who

trusted only in

was only an assurance

should yield to the joyous,

filial

spirit

which

repre-

typified the servile spirit

largeness and liberty

the promise.

in

grander

;

and the

Ishmael prefigured the waywardness and sharpness of those who gloried law against those

it

its

peace of

bondage and

incident of patriarchal

The bondwoman

the freewoman the blessed Gospel, with

letter of the

life

spirit of

miniature the workings of God's providence, afterward to be exhibited

proportions in the history of the Christian Church. of

little

also

expulsion would turn out

was necessary,

it

lad.

The

casting out of

in

the

Hagar,

that the slavish, task-work view of a religious

is

the natural product of grace.


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HAGAR

The

experience of Hagar, when

As she waniered

ing.

to die with thirst.

bow-shot

off,

Despairing of

that she might

of the

most conspicuous doubt, wept

is

Hagar thought only although nothing

is

The

The

expulsion

situation

illustration here

said

vain,

upon the

and prayed

was deeply

given

is

may have thought

A

only of his

mother's love it

is

own sad

fate,

a

affecting,

not faithful to is its

but Hagar, no

perhaps the strongest passion

was Ishmael's profane mockery

from the parental home,

like

down

represents well the maternal anguish which

it

and though

The

of his

infant

and the consequent suffering,

Nor may we

doubt,

left

point, to

resorted to the only resource In such circumstances prayer God.

that she

Abraham's

when is

an

strong as to overpower the convictions and habits of a lifetime.

know

that timely relief was

sufficiently

rebuked by what they

a pleasing relief to the sadness of t he lonely scene to

afforded.

The unbecoming conduct

had endured, and the angel

A

;

and her boy seemed

she led him to a sheltering bush, and then sat

of the artist.

lad

e.xhausted,

of the child's wretched condition, and wept bitterly.

is

human help proves

became

not see his dying struggles.

capable

brother that caused the

It

relief,

for her son than herself.

of which our nature

instinct, often so

sent forth into the desert, was anything but encourag-

Scripture narrative, but feature.

more

first

about, her supply of water

and has often attracted the pencil the details

THE WILDERNESS.

IN

of

of

mother and

God appeared

child

was

with succor just

when

the case seemed hopeless.

supply of water was furnished, and cheering assurances were given, not only as to the pre-

servation

of the

that from

him should spring

lad's

life,

but also as to the fulfillment of former promises (Genesis xvi. a posterity that could not be

numbered


lo),

for multitude.

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HAGAR

IX

Till'-

WII.niiRNEs


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THE TRIAL OF THE FAITH OF ABRAHAM. GENESIS XXII.

We

are here confronted with an act of faith which has never been surpassed in any age or

Abraham was commanded

land.

to offer a

reason, afterward repeatedly forbidden

heathen

in

to lose this son

Isaac

as the heir of the

nanted blessing

mand he the

A

more

true,

He man

but every

felt,

as

;

if

up

natural

deadly

was sad

for

ties,

Abraham

but also in a peculiar

fast the

Abraham obeys

If

conflict.

promise by sparing

to the level of the crisis.

It

the com-

he disobeys

his son,

did not

tell

become him

did not

of his descendants said, ages afterward,

His obedience was prompt and

He

decisive.

to debate

God

Let

did not confer

Sarah, lest a mother's heart should overflow, and. with a

Nor

torrent of tears, seek to stay his hand.

He

It

be himself the executioner.

to

all

possible

all

in

he holds

the greatest

a liar.

He

with flesh and blood.

necessary.

thou lovest.

painful situation can hardly be conceived.

patriarch's faith rose

with his Maker.

be

the promise

frustrates

Yet the

whom

the possession of the land, an innumerable seed, and a world-wide spiritual

:

command.

and practiced only by debased

Througli him alone was Abraham to obtain the cove-

promise.

Thus command and promise come

blessing.

thing abhorrent to nature and

his word,

saddest of

;

by

to his father not only

—a

worse, in this case, was the character of the vic-

it

sadder to lose him by violence

;

sacrifice

in

thy son, thine only son, Isaac,

was endeared

manner

by God

What made

agonies of despair.

Take now

tim.

human

did he even

tell

Isaac, until the disclosure

became

took the three days' journey, reached the appointed spot, made the needful

preparations, and stood, with uplifted arm, to

His heart trembled, but

the fatal stroke.

inflict

not his hand.

What

lay at the

bottom of

affection, or the fever of

ligent

and mighty

fore absolutely just heart, he

faith.

and

this inflexible course

Was

?

Abraham right.

believed

Unable

to

in

God

as the

17-19):

By

promises called,

that

faith

off ered

up

Unable

to

that his faith

tried,

his only begotten son, of

God was

that the

able to raise

man who

it

So we are assured

Abraham, when he was

accounting that

No wonder

upheld him.

Judge

see any reason for a

the progenitor of countless millions, he yet believed that of faith

coldness of heart, lack of natural

an inflamed conscience seeking a costly expiation

believed that there was a reason.

strength

it

so believed

it

up,

was

was

all

No

how Isaac, if slain, would come to pass. the

said,

but an

intel-

the earth, and there-

see

in

;

command which wrung

Epistle to the

offered up Isaac;

whom him

of

?

That

his

could become It

was sheer

Hebrews

(xi.

and he that received the in

Isaac shall thy seed be

even from the dead.

called

was gloriously vindicated by the intervention

the friend of God, of the


and no wonder

Angel of the Lord.

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THE BURIAL OF SARAH. GENESIS XXIII.

One at

of the few sites in Palestine about which there

oldest

known

burial-place

cave was most jealously closed against

Wales was admitted

The

itself.

of the

first

;

of

The

Heth.

Abraham's early home

Ur

in

one of the holy

clung to her with

but Moslems until 1862,

first

of

mode

him

when the Prince

woman

mentioned

is

the

women

hearty affection

of

of old

who

was the

life,

and

as

led

away from the cave

after

at

detail in the Scripture,

She was married companion

faithful

she mentioned,

trusted in God,

Oriental regions.

volume.

the sacred

in

throughout

in

whom we have much

Chaldees, and is

used

still

the

in

and

it

First

is

was buried out

of h is s ig ht.

had lived so many years

in

It

shows the

test

him.

El

it

The name by which

Klutlil,

i.

the Scripture,

e..

The

it

The

illustration,

and the strength of its

except this sepulchre. is

Friend,

The Friend

of

known

his

Peter

Abraham

with fine taste, rep-

the funeral rites had been performed, yet once

the land, and had had

in actual fee,

all

in

death was greatly concerned to

to-day, as

it

in allusion to that

beloved dead

his

his faith, that,

although he

length and breadth confirmed to him over

and over by God's covenant and oath as the sure possession of of

of

Epistle of

certain that

more turning back, with an eager and sorrowful gaze, toward the place where

owned any

of

was allowed to enter the cave

visitor,

of bargaining

secure a permanent resting-place for her mortal remains. resents

The mosque over

the resurrection.

particulars of this, the first legal contract recorded

She had her shortcomings, yet

wanderings. 5), as

the

as

woman whose age

and as the only

(iii.

all

till

given in the twenty-third chapter of Genesis, and are said, by those familiar with

distinguished

is

unite in recognizing this as the

all

occupant of the tomb was Sarah, whose death gave occasion to the purchase

the East, to correspond exactly with the

Sarah

sleep

but neither he, nor any subsequent

ground from the sons

in history, are

traditions

the cave of Machpelah,

is

the world, the spot where the three patriarchs, with their wives

in

who was buried near Bethlehem),

(save Rachel, the

Mohammedan

Jewish, Christian and

Hebron.

no dispute,

is

But Hebron

is

his

seed, he

himself never

inseparably identified with

has been for centuries

among

the Arabs,

honorable appellation thrice given to him

is

in

God.


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TUli BUKIAI. OF SARAH.


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ELIEZER AND REBEKAH.

The Isaac,

all

the

in

chapter of Genesis contains a circumstantial account of the marriage of

twenty-fourth

Abraham

East.

consults

Eliezer, tlie elder of his house

was

Eliezer

intrusted.

among

find

of the promise.

The steward

at

the city of

custom of resents

tlie

women

is

one he

whom first

who

for the

and the approval of God. tor,

who

had answered

his

until

prayer,

for

his

still

long journey, and arrived

at a well to

And

which

did for

him

nephew

all

of

that he asked

the illustration

The

son

But here the simplicity

as she told at to

home

he found united

tlie

may be

the

whom

her

in

that he

all

disposition,

the character of the extraordinary

the house, where he was

he had made known

divine

beautiful maiden

a pleasing exterior, a kindly

:

rep-

and more, turned out to be Rebekah,

And

Abraham.

wife of his master's

As soon

was the

it

of the importance of his errand, he invokes

His prayer was heard.

for Isaac.

away, to

far

a suitable wife for the heir

that region.

in

is

but with

that he had

all

and then sent

who would be

prevail

still

receives and responds to his request for a drink,

Laban came and brought him

But he would not eat

it

Aware

his prayer.

the daughter of Bethuel, the

deemed necessary

kindred one

out with large provision

set

whom

steward, or confidential servant, to faithful,

that

interested,

chiefly

Here he stopped outside the gate

the damsel

addressed, and

person

the

son,

curb, while his camels are in the distance.

Lord designs

the

his

to resort for water, as

shown by

help, asking that

— the

his master's

Nahor.

him seated by the

of his piety

with

not

put under solemn oath to be

is

Mesopotamia, to

safely

manners and customs

the particulars of which are in accordance with

welcomed and provided

cause of his coming, and

and had obtained the consent of

visi-

Bethuel

and

how

Laban

for.

the

Lord

to

their

daughter's marriage. if

not, tell

me

;

that

of Eliezer are as

And now I

may

if

ye

will deal kindly

and truly with

turn to the right hand or to the

eminent as

tlie

left.

The

my

master,

tell

intelligence

me

and

;

faith of his master.


and

fidelity

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ISAAC BLESSING JACOB. GENESIS XXVn.

The

patriarchal blessing

was not an ordinary expression

of

unusual solemnity, but an authoritative prediction.

of

Plato, that Socrates,

ing power

;

God,

body

father

On

the contrary, this blessing stands by

of each

family

in

the line of

various kinds, but

its

to be conferred this

in

the

in

not to be explained by the saying

which men have most of the foresee-

chief object

was

upon the human

channel, and

the anxiety of Jacob and

if

a

itself as

it

is

although

ual,

Rebekah

left

to

it

to

to define the channel

family.

by which the

was

to be effected

and included events of

Naturally, but not necessarily, the first-born son

change were to be made the father would announce final

benediction

The

it.

Lord

to

secure his end in his

own way, but

For

of their father.

God

irreversible.

was

effect-

;

the picture

is

at

Mother and son should have

their misconduct

Jacob received the blessing, and

and never saw him again in life and Laban, deceived by his sons, and mourned,

son,

in

Hence

divine purpose had been from the beginning, as announced

sorely visited the wrong-doing of the parties concerned.

female figure

prophetic

was gained by Jacob through a gross and inexcusable fraud practiced by him

defeat his determination.

God

depart-

by which the world-wide blessing

(xxv. 23), that the elder should serve the younger.

the

in

itself

to be explained that the blessing of Isaac, depicted in the illustration, it

is

devoted men

spirit of

of that promise

inspiration took a wide range

Esau concerning the

the suggestion of his mother. to

it

promise made to Abraham, just before his death,

would speak through him, and the utterance thus made would be made

Thus

when

a divine appointment

what manner the execution

Sometimes the prophetic

through them.

would be

that state

in

nor merely a prayer

soars to an elevated consciousness which manifests

informed his children how and

was

was

will,

nor by the doctrine of some of the moderns, that the

;

in anticipation,

foresight.

dying,

It is

good

nor by the doctrine of Pythagoras, that the soul sees the future

ing from the of

when

of

it

could not be reversed.

Rebekah soon

Jacob was driven into for years, the

fêbekah looking away

in

loss

was not allowed

lost

But

her favorite

was defrauded by The beloved Joseph.

exile,

of his

anxious apprehension

lest

Esau should

return before Isaac had finished bestowing the coveted boon.


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irrf

V

.-lA

s}\ j

ISAAC BLESSING JACOB.


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JACOB TENDING THE FLOCKS OF LABAN. GENESIS XXX.

The

and well-favored Rachel for

beautiful

his

stands by the well, from which she has just of the

pastoral

life

of the patriarchs

on

of Jacob (Gen. xxxi. 38-41), that there

ous

toil

frost

performing the service by which he

illustration represents the patriarch

by

and severe exposure. night,

laborious

As he

filled

its

says:

In

service

—which

And

was the price Laban put upon her.

and could not wonder

if

it

was meted

It

to

scene

service.

yet the

his

is

It

him

first

seven years of this

to

— seemed

him

to

that, after

place of the younger, and had

of his heart.

as he

involved continu-

younger daughter

in

the language

consumed me, and the

was a sore retribution

woman

a fair expression

we know from

the day the drought

he was deceived by the substitution of the elder daughter

deceit,

The

side to the

and sleep departed from mine eyes.

gain the

to

the midst of his flock, while she

in

poetical side, although

to serve yet seven years more, in order to gain the

by

sits

her water-jar.

was another

Jacob but a few days, for the love he had to all,

He

wife.

is

But he had begun

life

had measured to others.


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JACOB TENDING THL

I

I

OCks

Ul

1

\1

V\,


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JOSEPH SOLD INTO EGYPT. GENESIS XXXVII.

This animated and expressive youngest son of Jacob suffer exile, bondage,

picture sets forth a sad picture of liuman

sold by his

is

and a

hopeless

of

life

inhuman and barbarous crime

own brethren

How

toil.

They were

?

for a slave,

and carried

came these men

The

depravity. to

off

Egypt

to

to perpetrate such

not heathen, nor degraded

an

Canaanites, but,

as

grandchildren of Abraham, the friend of God, had been brought up under the pious traditions of three generations.

The

and yet

is

is

given

They gave way

brethren envied him. sciously,

reason

more purely

breath of the old serpent.

It

passion which

to a

But envy has no such

upon the

feeds

(Gen. xxxvii.

a single clause

than any other.

evil

have some appearance of good.

in

fact

and thus becomes what Solomon

led to hatred,

and hatred

is

the

calls

it,

his

often cherished almost uncon-

is

Anger, revenge, covetousness, claim to It is evil

shelter.

that others are

instead of drawing from this motives for imitation or thankfulness, it,

And

ii):

Rottenness

The

It is

good or prosperous

mourns over

;

the but,

and grudges

it

In the present case

in the bones.

next thing to murder.

unalloyed.

ten brothers stained their

it

own

name, perpetrated a horrible wrong upon the young and innocent Joseph, and, for long years,

darkened the

life

of their venerable father.

Yet even here there cruelty

was bringing

working.

He

to

is

a bright side to the event.

pass the designs of

intended to seclude

All

Him who

for this

end, chose

plastic period,

Egypt

chosen seed should be transformed from a family into a nation. in

Accordingly God's hand was

securing this transfer.

itself.

acknowledged

;

suggestion of the

pit,

the proposal of Judah

as the It

in

own from

first

all

in

which the

for the first step ;

not that he

to last, as they them-

their wickedness availed

Dothan, Joseph's mission, their sight of him

the opportune arrival of the

—

country

was time

but that he ordered the circumstances of which

Their pasturing

and

from contact with

the whole proceeding

in

influenced the brothers to their crime, for that was their selves

of envy, malice,

tissue

excellent in counsel and mighty in

is

His people, during their

the corrupt nations of Canaan, and,

this

in

distance, the

the

Midianitish traders, Reuben's absence and

these were links in the chain which led to the result.

Yet

this

does

not lessen the atrocious wrong-doing of the brothers, for they were free and voluntary throughout. is

As

Both sides of the transaction are well presented for you, ye

thought

this day, to save

evil against

much people

me

;

but

in

God meant

it

Joseph's

own words (Gen.

unto good, to bring

it

1.

20)

to pass as

it

alive.


:

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JUSKI'II

SOI.IJ

INTO

KGVl'T.


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JOSEPH INTERPRETING PHARAOH'S DREAM. GENESIS XLI.

This well-drawn and the scene

—the

the attendants

striking picture

is

admirable for

building, the columns, the figures

— are

on the

occurred he was not only

man

in

all

in

private

wall, the

dresses,

On

Egypt, next

the

after

king.

The

and the insignia

The occurrence

;

in the

reason was

when

chief officers related

Hebrew

how he had been

The king

youth, a slave of Potiphar.

informed him that his dream of seven ears swallowed ine

relieved, in

fat kine

sent in

monarch, the

that the

One

it

certain

haste for Joseph, who, on his arrival,

and he advised the appointment of one supreme executive

;

by a

of

swallowed by seven lean kine, and seven good

The

the plenteous years in reserve for the period of famine. of

a similar embarrassment,

by as many

thin ears, denoted seven years of plenty followed

by seven

it

evening he was the

previous night, had had a double dream, which none of his diviners could interpret. his

of

itself is of

the morning of the day

but a prisoner and a slave

life,

All the details of

verisimilitude.

keeping with the manners of ancient Egypt.

in

great interest as the turning-point of Joseph's career.

foremost

its

officer to store t he

of fam-

surplus of

advice was taken, and the author

received the appointment.

A

modern book

of note

remarks upon

this narrative, that the wise

men

of

Egypt must

indeed have been fools not to understand these symbols, which embraced both the animal and

This

vegetable wealth of the land.

is

only natural but simple and easy after

but who, previously, could

is

not in

The

has been stated

it

conjectured that the

;

twofold

me

:

God

shall give

of

dreams

in

our day.

mere delusion

may impart

information

of divine providence

to

He

this

this,

and

xii.

i6),

(_Gen.

its

character.

No

way

;

but that he does not,

such vouchers

and human experience.

It

is

is

forget that there are very

now

in sleep.

admitted by

true that there have

many more

the sig-

of divine revelation,

remarkable dreams have been followed by corresponding occurrences

who note

said

just

superstitious notions as to

be frightened or elated by what occurs

in that

wise after the fact

dream meant

Formerly the dream was a mode

proper means were afforded for attesting therefore,

all

Pharaoh an answer of peace.

occurrence related here gives no countenance to

nificance

and we are

Joseph expressly disclaimed any power of his own.

nothing else? It

have

Of course the explanation seems not

a strange saying.

in

all

and

exist,

and

God,

of course,

it

is,

careful observers

been cases actual life

in

;

which

but they

cases in which no such correspondence

ensues.


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KNOWN TO

JOSEPH MAKING HIMSELF

HIS BRETHREN.

GENESIS XLV.

This admirable manners

illustration,

drawn with the same

as the preceding, presents the denouement or unfolding point of the

prolonged through seven chapters of the book of Genesis.

tive

features of a story or a drama, and, as such, are

effective Aristotle,

who quotes

all

exhibits

in

What

elements

dramatic

the governor's palace

is

which the chosen seed developed

conversion into good

and human freedom

:

contains

one before

Moses,

us.

it

is

For a long time prior

relat-

The

art.

tale,

good and bad,

passions,

what varied characters

step in

first

has quoted

upon mature and accom-

spell

what

contrasts,

from the

its

indirect.

Canaan down

or dramatic point of view, It

was a constituent part

sinew and muscle permission of

in

And

it

yet

to the closing

it

—

all

it

far

is

more so

evil, its trial

counteraction,

its

in

procedure by

of the

preparation for the chosen land.

So,

modification,

its

the combination of divine purpose

;

safety of unswerving rectitude

temptation, and the wa)- to overcome

Joseph as profitable as

same magic

the discipline of sorrow and the

;

itself,

in a literary

The

too, with the incidental details.

;

the

these points, and

of sin

folly

;

the keenness of

many more, render

the story of

interesting. to

the scene depicted

laborious and painful self-restraint. the

indeed,

He

the dramatic poets.

providential aspects, direct and

and,

it

what eloquence, what pathos, what vivid

Yet, striking as the narrative its

Joseph's discovery of

has constructed a story equal to any product of the dramatic

scholars.

is

interesting narra-

carefully discussed in the Poetic of

literature furnish any, superior to the

naturally the whole histor)' unrolls

scene

Homer and

rivets the ear of listening children, lays the

plished

how

facts,

examples from

striking

none, however, nor does ing simple

It

and

life

Such recognitions or discoveries have always been esteemed the most

himself to his brothers.

which

Egyptian

fidelity to the details of

But

the

in

the

time had

illustration,

come

for

Joseph had practiced a

throwing

off

the

mask

so that, excluding quite overpowered Joseph, His brethren were told that he was with flowing tears.

wonderful speech of Judah strangers,

the boy

he made the announcement

whom

But he gave secret

they had sold as a slave twenty-two years before.

irresistible proof, saying,

known only

to themselves

of this guilty secret

every form

is

must be

bowed and every

I

am

They could

Joseph, whomjj'^? sold into Egypt.

— hidden carefully even

from Benjamin.

their long-lost brother himself.

The

No wonder

not believe

it.

Here was a

other possessor

that, in the picture

face covered.


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'n.nJ


'II'

JOSEPH MAKING HIMSELF

KNOWN TO

HIS BRETHREN.


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MOSES

THE BULRUSHES.

IN

EXODUS

NoTHixr,

more remarkable

is

which human wickedness

Another

Joseph.

is

furnished

is

rapid increase of the cliildren

soon as born

the developments

in

made

11.

to defeat

A

itself.

of

of

was seen

signal instance

the graphic illustration before

in

providence than the way

divine

in

the history of

Pharaoh, alarmed by the

us.

gave orders that every male child should be

Israel,

yet this cruel edict gave occasion to the training and jjreparation

;

man who was

to lead Israel in

There was born

triumph out of Egypt.

house of Levi a child of extraordinary beauty,

said, in

Acts

vii.

in

20, to

to a

slain as

the

of

very

pious pair of the

be exceeding fair

(///.

/.

fair to

c. in his view,

God,

as a peculiar token

ing him.

truly), and the mother seems to have regarded this and a sign that God had some special purpose concern-

who judges

of divine approval,

Accordingly she hid him for three months, and when

concealment was no longer

this

possible, she resorted to an expedient which, although trying to her

prospect of deliverance.

common

in

Egypt, but now

Dead Sea) and

asphalt of the this

ark, as

but, as

She constructed a

it

was

called, she

pitch,

a

chest of rushes,

c, of the papyrus,

/.

and thus made water-tight.

placed

it

the reeds on

in

whce

custom which, although

offered

some

once very

This was daubed with slime (the bitumen or

wholly extinct.

the sequel shows, at a place

accordance with

little

feelings, yet

Having put the

bank

the

child

of the Nile, not at

into

random,

Pharaoh's daughter was accustomed to bathe,

now wholly unknown

in

in

once was very

P2gypt,

prevalent there, as appears by the monunKmts.

Then occurred

the scene set forth

heart was touched by

its tears.

the Hebrews' children

mined

to bring

it

;

in

tlie

The exposure

but she was so

The

picture.

royal lady saw the child, and her

led her at once

won by

conclude that

to

was one of

it

attractiveness of the babe that she deter-

the

up, notwithstanding the king's prohibition.

The

mother were

services of the

secured to nurse the child for the princess, and so Moses was put upon that course which had such marvellous in

a palace.

phen (Acts

results.

Born a

As an adopted son vii.

was proverbial

slave,

of the princess, he

22) that he was, educated in

the

ancient world.

course of Moses, the most illustrious ration

and under sentence of death, he was spared and reared

was needed

for

his

in all

would

the

wisdom

Such was the

name

in

the

be, of course, as

fact,

Hebrew

we

are told by Ste-

of the Egyptians,

and

is

it

annals.

e.xtraordinary mission, and he received

it

a

apparent

An

wisdom that

in

the whole

extraordinary prepa-

by means

of the device of

his mother.


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r

>' t

? •,

)

'

^-^

lg^-'.\^sg-/-cS

MOSPS

IX

THE BULRUSHES.


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THE WAR AGAINST GIBEON. JOSHUA

The

conquest of Canaan, after the reduction of Jericho and Ai, was accomplished mainly

by two great

victories gained

of southern

Palestine

The

surprise.

by Joshua

:

one

at

Gibeon, over the confederate tribes and kings

Merom, over

the other at the waters of

;

In both cases the attack

people of the north.

by

X.

leader of

Israel

a similar confederation of the

was made suddenly, and the enemy was taken

was not only

a

man

of

integrity, faith,

and prayer, but also

a born soldier, endowed with the decision, promptness, courage, foresight, and unconquerable

which are requisite for success

will ral

and acquired,

to lead

Joshua was just as well qualified by

in war.

his gifts, natu-

an army, as Moses was, by his character and training, to legislate for

a people.

The

first

two great battles was fought

of these

like

An

a thunderbolt.

immediate rout was the

complete by a storm of great hailstones, which

sword of the conquerors. on,

and threaten a

in

The

result.

inflicted

work.

It

to

command

the sun and the

They shed

avenged themselves upon

Well does the

The

it

their enemies.

or after

it,

account has often been

no excuse.

there

is

upon

its

than even the

life

full

fruits

be gathered, and hence occurred the remarkable interposition set forth

Joshua was inspired

like that before

foe

made more

was

was greatly important that the

those heavenl)' bodies obeyed his order.

day

discomfiture

a greater loss of

upon the

fell

five

the thick of the pursuit the shades of night began to draw

fatal interruption of the

of the victory should

the illustration.

But

Joshua having learned that

Gibeon.

a night march froni Gilgal, and

made

kings were encamped against Gibeon,

at

For

it

that the

made

moon

forth their light historian

theme

of severe

by no means implies a sudden

stand

until the

add,

Lord hearkened unto the voice

the

to

And

still,

in

and

people had

there was no

of a man.

and derisive remarks,

arrest of the revolution

of

for

which

the earth

According to the usual method of Scripture, which describes things according

axis.

to their appearance,

all

that

we need

to hold

is

that there

was simply an

optical

pause of the there was

an astronomical phenomenon which supernaturally prolonged the light, so that To the rest of the world there was no time for Israel to complete the overthrow of their foes. sun

—

change

in the

no believer

appearance of the

in

his

circumstances, that

skies.

That God was able

existence can deny or doubt. it

That

it

to

ef fe ct

was

must have wrought a mighty increase

t hi s

astounding miracle,

a fitting thing to

of the zeal of the

do under the

people,

and so

contributed largely to their success, seems apparent on the very face of the matter.


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SISERA SLAIN BY JAEL. JUDGES

For twenty years whose

rule extended

Lord was pleased

IV.

the Israelites had groaned under the oppressive yoke of a Canaanite king

from the northern boundary of the land down to the

to

this

sell

mighty potentate into the hands

When

prophetess directed the campaign.

the call went forth for

sheltered himself in his creeks by the seashore,

lives in the high places of the field.

Deborah and Barak,

of

whom

Heber, the Kenite, with

him a cup

of thickened milk,

when he was overborne by him

his temples, fastening

meet him, and

ment

said,

of this promise

all

his host,

An

come

to the

Asher of

his

impetuous charge upon the enemy

notwithstanding their superiority

away on

and, on the way, took refuge in the tent of Jael, the wife

he had been

She received him hospitably, gave

peace.

at

fatigue and sleep, she took a tent-pin and drove

When

to the ground. I

num-

in

and naturally turned

foot,

and covered him with a mantle as he lay down

Come, and

is

the people to

all

inspired

these hardy mountaineers rallied around

Sisera, the captain of the host, fled

homeward toward Kedesh,

steps

his

An

and Reuben preferred the bleatings

Ten thousand of at Mount Tabor.

resulted in the annihilation of Sisera and

bers and equipments.

woman.

The

But Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their

shock of arms.

the standard of

Kishon.

Gilead remained passive beyond the Jordan.

help of the Lord, only a few complied.

flocks to the

a

of

river

will

Barak came up

in

us.

into

Then,

rest.

and through

hot pursuit, Jael went to

show thee the man whom thou

the subject of the picture before

it

to

seekest.

Her

fulfill-

She has drawn the curtain and

disclosed the mighty chieftain lying dead on the earth Jael

personal

performed the bloody deed not from personal malice nor from

wrong

to revenge,

the people of God, with

life

her

own and

that of her race have

become

ruthless warrior lies before her, the violator of a thousand laws of right, and the

him

Shall she allow

erable oppression of former years to the recent victory, for

freedom and

of

a

soldier,

Israel

and God, and Sisera

God

in

women

celebrating her

troops,

identified.

enemy

A

God.

of

and again renew the

intol-

or shall she, with one bold stroke, put the finishing touch

but by the hand of a woman.

yet join

friends of

?

and end forever the career of

nounces Jael blessed above

may

his scattered

to recover strength, recall

She has no

But Sisera represents to her the oppressor of

no by-ends to seek.

whose

cruelty.

;

lies

Israel's

most formidable foe?

pinned to the earth

Viewing the matter

— smitten in

this

She decides

not by the sword

light,

Deborah

pro-

and we, while regretting and reprobating her falsehood,

intrepidity, her

zeal,

and her deliberate preference of the

to his enemies.


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DEBORAH'S SONG OF TRIUMPH. JUDGES

The

illustration represents a

female figure

in

V.

the foreground, with uplifted hand and impas-

sioned face, while, on either side of her, stand those

The

found attention.

power

artist

mentioned

of the only female judge

tional, for

a

she was

The

sat

in Scripture.

Her

in

took the lead who, spirit

in

affairs

in a

like

great national

a torch

to

exaggerate

way excep-

no one of the

to

interrupted

in

her

dwelling within her.

the center of the land, some-

in

her came the

God

of

the

tribes

for judgment.

But not

and domestic disputes did she decide among the people, but she also

times of distress,

was

could

women were

Spirit

under the palm-tree called by her name, which was

internal

artist

position was in every

subjective nature and position of

where between Benjamin and Ephraim, and only

with eager interest and pro-

Indeed no

and she was elevated above her countrymen by the

case,

listen

and prophetic functions were assigned

prophetess,

Judges before Samuel.

She

has not exaggerated.

who

when men

for

Her name

crisis.

Israel,

despaired,

is

came

conspicuous to the front

among

those eminent

and organized

Her

victory.

As an organ

kindling their languid hearts.

women

of the

divine

impulses she became the rallying point of her countr\-men. and communicated to them her

own

moral energy, so that they were ready, when headed even by a woman, to defy the master of nine hundred chariots of iron.

Some women

are great in words,

Her well-known Song Pindar,

it

stands almost by

surpasses in dignity,

a well-ordered

others in

fire,

formerly exhibited

Produced

itself.

Deborah was distinguished at

least

in

both.

eight hundred years before

and pathos every other ode, ancient or modern, and yet has

symmetry and beauty, such

A.fter inviting kings

deeds.

and princes as a

fit

as

would do honor

audience for such a

to

recital,

the most

cultivated age.

she recalls the prodigies

:

Lord,

thou wentest forth out of

Seir.

when AVlicn tliou marcliedst out of the field of F.dom,

The

earth trembled, the heavens also drojined.

Yea, the clouds dropped water.

The mountains melted Even

at the

presence of the Lord,

that Sinai, at the presence of the Lord, the

God


of Israel.

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JEPHTHAH MET BY JUDGES

The

and congratulate her

the deepest

into

A

in all literature.

daughter seeking

unconsciously becomes the means of plunging him into

father,

affliction.

man marked

Jephthah, a off

DAUGHTER.

XI.

most pathetic events

plate represents one of the

to praise

HIS

with a stain by his birth, having been driven from his home, went

a neigliboring region, where, gathering to himself a

number

men

of

of desperate for-

sort of freebooter. His reputation for daring and skill in arms induced his with the Ammonites, contending to send for him to be their leader, offering countrymen, when

became a

tunes, he

to

make him head over

ail

ing battle, sent a formal

the inhabitants of Gilead.

demand

He

accepted their

for the withdrawal of the

renewed the demand, with an elaborate statement

of its

enemy, and, when

grounds

—a

that he could not have been the wild, lawless, reckless person that

Ammonites

The king

of the

doing

made a solemn vow

so,

refusing to yield, Jephthah that,

in

inflicted a

nation.

his

house

very great slaughter upon the national foes.

As he returned

to

his

house

his

to

this

some

writers have imagined.

proceeded to attack him

vow had

his

offer

He was

meet him. But

was declined,

circumstance which shows

case he returned successful, he would

whatever came forth from the doors of

before join-

offer, but,

a

;

but, before

Lord

the

to

successful,

verj'

and

tragic termi-

daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and

dances.

The

illustration

the victory, and

represents her with her companions engaged in the joyful celebration of

eager to welcome him by whose valor and

skill

it

Nothing

had been gained.

can be more affecting than the contrast between her jubilant ecstasy and the dreadful

which

it is

piety,

and yet

Parallels

to subject her. this

very

have been traced

Sophocles

;

She

is

without blame, simply indulging the natural impulses of

song of triumph renders her the victim of her in

doom

the Iphigenia of

Homer and

y'Eschylus, and

but these classic fables lack the touching element

maiden herself who unwittingly provokes the tragedy, and

falls,

in

in

this

a

father's

in

the

to

filial

rash vow.

Antigone

narrative, that

it

is

of

the

moment, from the height

of exultation into the pit of despair.


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:


JEPHTHAH'S DAUGHTER AND HER COMPANIONS. JUDGES

For many

centuries

was an almost universal opinion that the daughter

it

actually slain by her father's hand, and

horrible that, for ages

so

XI.

past,

instead of being sacrificed, she

then burned as a

But

sacrifice.

has been vehemently contested, and

it

was shut up

vow was to

many

whatever met him on

offer for a burnt-offering

to the religion

and repeatedly forbidden

But neither

sins

for

Yet the incident the

that she asked is

as thus

The

terrible fate, in

engaged that the its

the Gaul and the

Hence the

fulfillment

were expressly

for the great

his

word

the

in

order to bewail her

artist represents

her, in

young maiden was not

free, as

;

and the heroic submission of perpetuating his family, and

of

while the latter seems cheerfully to

alive in the

lot in

the gorges of the mountains.

sweet and mournful picture,

his

\-ivid

All

in

One

generous victim

in

Though Be I

contrast to the preceding illustration.

the slaughter of an unwilling victim, as

Roman Forum,

when

but the willing offering of a

she supposed, her father and her country from a terrible obligation.

of them.

Lord Byron,

in

his

Hebrew Melodies,

of

voices the thought of the

these stanzas, addressed to her father

the virgins of

the judge

Salem lament,

and the hero unbent

have won the great battle for thee,

And my

It

which

exhibition of pure obedience and overpowering love has attracted the attention

several poets.

sacrifices

its

histo-

view of the victory achieved over the national enemies.

Greek were buried

devoted heart to

keep

posture and expression, forms a

of

sacrifice

hope

deliberately renounced the

was a short delay,

every figure, by

vow nor

The

way.

and the

There was no excuse, therefore,

illustrates the stern resolution of the father

sacrificed his parental feelings in order to

have accepted her

this

in this case.

The former

daughter.

hold that,

Divine Word, and the practice of offering them was one of the

which the Canaanites were destroyed.

wrong which was done

in

his return,

his

Human

which [ephthah acknowledged.

in the

still

was

a separate house and kept in perpetual celibacy.

in

rian says that he did with her according to his vow.

were agreeable

Jcphthah was

this conclusion

But the words of the narrative are too plain to admit of being interpreted father's

of

father

and country are

free.

When

this

When

the voice that thou lovest

Let

blood of thy giving has gushed,

my memory

And

forget not

still

I


is

hashed,

be thy pride,

smiled as

I

died.

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SAMSON SLAYING THE JUDGES

The

the Judges, and were not finally

of the period

Hezekiah.

They were

rich

neighbors.

The weight

of t'leir hostility

tory lay between

of

He was

them and the

was most

hill-country,

and

felt

by the small

was out of

it

of Dan,

tribe

this

that

tribe

womb,

when they had long been without

gi\'en to his parents at a time

/.

should come

i\,

Israelitish

whose

terri-

the deliverer

coming declared that he should be

upon

should

head, neither

his

he

in

private

the people, but

The

life.

own

his

The

own

manifesting

itself

of the

Spirit

as.

Samson, the prodigy

The

(Jn

force.

the

panions, and, as

nation

:

sets

illustration

way

we

forth

the

Timnath

to

No

first

a

The

razor earlier

their election, as, for

exam-

in

co-operation with the rest of

alone, without an army,

and with-

Lord began

to

described

in

is

has his

at times,

as he

grew

mythical legends, but a divine

manifested

Pagan counterpart

heaven and

occasion in which

young

it

move him

itself

in

words.

It

one connected with the fortunes of the covenant

far apart as

are told, no weapons.

but, in this case, the

is

of strength,

moral ends of the two heroes are as

He

with the prophets,

always has a purpose, and that purpose people.

God from

Nazarite unto

This was because the Lord blessed him, and not because

deeds,

in

and the

but Samson was chosen from birth, and

right arm.

This was not a demoniac frenzy, such as

impulse

;

others wrought their deliverances

Samson simply with

natural force.

work before

to a certain extent for their

out followers, fought and delivered. of his

children,

drink wine nor strong drink.

Jephthah had been a successful military leader

grew up

a

separated from the rest of the nation by a peculiar consecration.

Judges had been prepared

kid

extinguished until the time of

and powerful, and bore inveterate hatred toward their

revelation which announced his

ful

their appearance

His name was Samson.

came.

up.

They made

the strip of sea-coast on the south-west of Canaan.

at the close

ple,

XIV.

longest and the deadliest of the enemies of the chosen people were the Philistines,

who occupied

the

LION.

lion

Hercules

in

;

but the

earth.

Samson

displays

his

extraordinary

roared against him, and .Samson had no com-

Ordinarily such a meeting could have but one termi-

man was endowed

with supernatural power.

And

so the youth-

hero seized the furious beast and rent his jaws asunder as easily as one would have rent a of

the goats.

The

event was not a mere meaningless marvel, but was intended partly to

give occasion to the famous riddle which led to such sad results to the as a preparation of the

young man

for his

Philistines,

and partly

subsequent gigantic feats of strength.


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SAMSON AND DELILAH. JUDGES

Samsox, the moral slay a

in

in

one sense the strongest of men,

him existed

thousand men with an

woman.

His whole history

and always, as

sex,

an inverse

in

is

ass's

XVI.

in

another was the weakest.

He

ratio.

the Philistine maiden of Timnath,

with the national foes

;

whom

bound up with adventures

he married and

then the courtesan of Gaza,

who

lost,

city,

or

the blandishments of a

resist

in

would seem, with strange women, not the daughters

it

physical and

could carry off the huge gates of a

jawbone, but he could not

inextricably

The

connection of Israel.

and who caused

with the First

was

his first conflict

led to his extraordinary exploit in car-

and, finally, the well-known Delilah, of the valley of Sorek, rying away the gates of the city by whom his downfall was accomplished. ;

She appears

to

have been of great personal beauty, but utterly mercenary

He

entanglement with her admits of no excuse.

been superior to the ordinary snares of sensuality.

and went after Delilah

ters,

his folly

and

sin

as

was no longer young, and ought But he was a mere simpleton

an ox goeth to the slaughter,

Even

and danger.

and Samson's

;

to

in these

have mat-

with brutish unconsciousness of still

he could

of his strength.

Samson

after repeated evidence of her

treachery,

not tear himself from her company, and at last she succeeded.

The

great desire of the

was no giant strength

;

like the

Philistines

was to ascertain the secret

heathen Cyclops, else they would have been at no loss to explain his

nor were his shoulders sixty

ells

apart, as the

Rabbins

say.

They, doubtless, sup-

posed that there was some occult magical charm by which he accomplished his exploits, and that,

if

they could discover

Delilah a liberal ascertain

sum

this,

(equal to

means could be taken

many thousand

the secret, so as to enable

them

to

dollars of the

he knew would be vain.

and

at last succeeded.

tress

stands by him in

lover.

At

first

powerless.

it

money

subdue their enemy.

and began to work upon the affections of her attempts, and three several times

to render

of our time)

They

offered

she would

if

She accepted the proposal, he amused himself with her

mocked her and her employers by suggesting methods which

Delilah redoubled her entreaties, and vexed him almost to death, Just here all

is

the juncture represented in the

her personal fascination, with folded hands and an

quiet expectation, while he looks up at her, holding in one

cause of his extraordinary

illustration.

feats.

The temp-

air of

meek and

hand those locks which were the

This they were not by any incantation or charm, but simply

as the symbol of entire consecration to God.


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THE DEATH OF SAMSON. JUDGES

Nowhere

is

what has been

close of Samson's

A

He

life.

more

the irony of fate

called

illustrated than in the

signally

had always displayed the pranks, as well as the strength, of a

mocking tone pervaded

light, jocose,

XVI.

his procedures, as in the riddle

all

criant.

he propounded, the

use of jackals to devastate the cornfields, the employment of a jawbone as a weapon of war,

and the succession of quaint devices by which he turned the plans of Delilah and her friends into

But when he was

derision.

prisoner in a

He who

mill,

at

entrapped, robbed of his strength, and

last

the Philistines brought him

forth,

made

a blind

on a gala-day, to make sport for them.

had once so successfully ridiculed them becomes himself a laughing-stock.

But the sport cost the people dearly.

Their jubilant

For Samson pulled the house down over description

tectural

It is

building thus overthrown.

the

of

their heads.

structed as to rest, in a great measure,

upon two

had a very tragic termination.

festival

not possible to give a definite archi-

All

we know

that

is

it

was so con-

Between these Samson stood

central pillars.

while undergoing the mockery and insult of his foes, and afterward he asked and obtained erty to feel the pillars

and obtain

head, which had been shorn, had

him the return

The

of supernatural

At

a return of prosperity.

mer power, and

So eager

is

his

for

The

strength.

all

events he prays

desire for this end that he

figure of

this

which the

artist

mere outward

of Scripture are

whom

to

time the hair of his

this

fact did not secure to

not a species of magic.

Samson

that he might have

prays for remembrance, for recovery of his for-

he had been raised up to subdue or destroy.

willing to perish with the Philistine^.

God

hears

Samson bows

ruin, vivid as

a sepulcher, and

he slew

terrific

himself, with a pillar in either arm,

crash.

The broken

pillars

and

and tumbling

has drawn, as well as the fleeing crowd, and the bowed and straining

him who causes the

than they

:

By

as of old.

illustration describes the result.

The temple becomes

reason.

gifts

whom

is

once the entire building collapses with a

capitals

But

again.

vengeance upon those

him and endows him

at

grown

was only a sign of consecration, and perhaps suggested

hair

The

by leaning upon them.

rest

lib-

in his life.

they

are,

the dead

can hardly equal the terror of the scene.

whom Samson

slew at his death were more

His act has sometimes been called

His aim was to gain a great victory

was willing to make, and did make, the

for

Israel,

and

if

this cost

suicidal,

him

his

but without

own

life,

he

sacrifice.


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THE DEATH OF

SAMSOTST.


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NAOMI AND HER DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW. RUTH

The site in

little

book

Ruth has

of

justly

I.

been compared to one of the beds of wild flowers, exqui-

beauty and variety of hue, which are found

in

every part of Palestine.

ing contrast to the book of Judges, which immediately precedes

from one to the other

is

from the dark,

like a transition

breathes the spirit of repose and love.

prehensive alone.

It

aim

was

It

is,

rigidly secluded

from the

word and

in act, that

account of the way

and to pass

Every part

Theocritus.

of

it

rest of the

was indeed a people that dwelt

Israel

world

in

order that the chosen seed might

Yet there are constant intima-

be kept pure until the time came for a universal dispensation. tions, in

;

moreover, a testimony to the humane and com-

the Mosaic institutions.

underlying

of

idyl

our Canon

an interest-

scenes of a tragedy of yEschy-

terrific

and beautiful landscapes of a pastoral

lus to the fresh

it in

It is

there was hope for the outside

And

nations.

here

we have an

which a daughter of the uncircumcised Moabites was introduced into the

in

fellowship of the people

of

God, and became a member of the

from which sprang the most

line

illustrious of Israel's kings.

Elimelech, driven by famine, emigrated, with his wife and two sons, from Bethlehem to the fields of

Moab. where

his sons intermarried with

lowed the household. years

Naomi was

left

First

women

of the

with her two daughters-in-law.

One

the end of ten

all

women

kindness to the dead and to

their

Orpah, complied with the suggestion, and turned back weeping.

refused and clave to

Naomi.

This

is

in

out to accompany

set

bade them return home, where better prospects awaited them than any she could

of them.

fol-

Learning that the famine had ceased

But on the way the mother, while acknowledging

herself,

At

Elimelech died, and then both of his sons.

her native land, she proposed to return thither, and the younger her.

But misfortune

country.

the scene the picture sets forth

:

offer.

The other

Orpah turning away,

with her hands to her face, but Ruth clinging, with intense affection, to her husband's mother.

When Naomi have become

bade her imitate the example of her as

classic

the utterance of an

sister-in-law,

intense and sacred

she refused in words which

lodgest, I

I

will die,

part

thee

Neither

will

lodge

and there and

me.

self-interest,

:

thy people shall be

will

I

be buried

Intense

as

is

:

the the

my

people, and thy

Lord do so love

here

to me,

shown,

affection.

leave thee, or to return from following thee: for whither thou goest,

I

will

it

is

nor hope, nor vanity mix themselves up with


also,

purely

to

go; and where thou

God my God

and more

Urge me not

:

where thou if

diest,

aught but death

moral

and

spiritual.

it.

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AND HER DAUGHTKKS-1N-LA\V.


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RUTH AND RUTH

BOAZ.

II.

This picture represents a scene which occurred very

Naomi had

back to Bethlehem. means.

soon after

returned, as she said, empty,

without friends and without

In her destitution, Ruth, as the younger and better able to bear fatigue, proposed to

go and glean

in

the harvest-held

what might serve

xxiii.

22

Deut. xxiv.

;

19),

was

left

field

to

visit

the

reapers,

of a wealthy

The Lord

bless thee

— and

name and

which the

artist

— one

in

must have heard,

order to attach herself to

has chosen to represent.

made its

in

The

the train of the wealthy proprietor.

The

directions to the

of the

it

The

was.

in

was a

may

pair

Moab,

more worthy

it

maiden stoops

It is this

p~:nt

Boaz

is

are the camels, which

interview was in accordance with

charged her not

to treat her courteously,

men

for her to glean.

to receive that honor, each of

for-

the foreground,

in

to continue in his field, but

well be doubted whether the

Boaz

young Moabitess who had

Ultimately, as

marriage, and became progenitors of our Lord.

and Ruth were united

overseer

conduct and her diligence,

the background

issue o f the

young

go elsewhere, and gave fall, occasionally, something from the bundles

child of

their

and they reply-

with you

Naomi and Naomi's God.

In

Boaz not only permitted her

to

in

her work since the morning.

beautiful

conversation with the overseer.

commencement.

who was

work, the proprietor, Boaz,

gathering the scattered stalks, and the reapers are carrying away the bundles, while standing near,

A

distinguished by her appear-

origin, but also her propriety of

recalled the stor\'. which, of course, he in

influential citizen,

he inquired of the overseer who

had been almost uninterruptedly engaged

saken home and friends

Israel

ance and bearing as a stranger

since she

at

The Lord be

But soon Boaz observed among the reapers a new form

not only mentioned her

and

and exchanged with them the beautiful greetings which,

mouths, were more than a mere form, he saying, ing, '

law of

the beneficent

While she was

also a distant relative of her deceased husband.

came

consented, and the

the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow.

for

Providence directed her steps to the

kind

Naomi

f or t hei r needs.

^•oung stranger went forth to gather that which, according to

(Lev.

women came

two

the

whole

tribe of

and even to all

And

let

know, Boaz

although one

Judah could furnish a

them being conspicuous

for every social

and

domestic virtue.


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RUTH AND

boa;:.


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THE RETURN OF THE ARK. I

This

striking

Ark

thorouo-hl)' surprised b)- the vision of the

them

in

a cart

party

a

exhibits

illustration

SAMUEL

VI.

of the

Covenant

The

kine, without a driver.

drawn by lowing

interrupted

reapers

of

the distance,

in

work

their

in

and

coming toward

varied postures of the persons in

the foreground indicate a pleased astonishment.

The tle

explanation

by the

Philistines,

for the

sent

is

this

:

months

.Several

before, the Israelites having been defeated in bat-

instead of humbling themselves before God, and thus securing his favor,

ark to go with them

the

to

conflict,

presence of an object so sacred would secure stition

then-,

by .sending another defeat, and allowing the ark

were delighted with their success, and carried the ark soon found that their gain was a took the ark

—

to

x^shdod, to

A

loss.

was heavy upon both small and

great,

off as

fearful disease

God rebuked

that this was the right course, they put

it

upon a new

its

Philistines

a distinguished trophy.

But they

be captured.

Wherever they

smote the people.

The hand

followed.

result

original pl^ce.

cart,

their super-

The

to

and there was a deadly destruction.

determined to send the cause of their trouble back to

ino-s,

itself

Ekron— the same

Gath, to

But

succes.s.

road toward

if

the

Israel,

dumb it

beasts, contrary

to

To

satisfy

together with certain golden

what would be

their

The

neither to the right liand nor to the

natural

attracted the

attention

represented of the

offer-

home

at

;

course, took the

The

kine followed a straight course to Bethshemesh, turning

left.

a blaze sight,

God

themselves

might be assumed that the ark was the cause of their troubles.

experiment succeeded perfectly.

This was the

of

In their terror they

and then attached the cart to a yoke of milch kine, whose calves were shut up

reasoning that

mere

the

superstitious belief that

the

in

in

the plate as surrounded with

reapers, and filled

them with extreme

ark was a constant source of humiliation and shame, and

its

joy.

of radiance, which

The absence

of the

return, in such an extraordinary

manner, would, of course, be greeted with rapture.


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'*»

.^.„


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SAUL AND DAVID. I

The

scene depicted

is

Saul, the king of Israel.

The

the

first

He was

ally, at

XVIII.

expression of what became the master-passion of the hfe of

envious of David, and determined to get him out of the way.

occasion of this feeling was very simple.

listines,

After the successful campaign against the Phi-

the troops engaged returned in triumph to the cities of Israel. the gates by companies of

music, chanted

in

Very

sands.

likely

inclined

to

is

At

own

the end of

Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his tens of thou-

always prone to indulge

in.

of joy, with

such

But the sensitive soul of Saul,

be suspicious since Samuel had foretold the taking of the kingdom from

him, took offense at the implied preference of David, and he murmured,

unto David ten thousands, and to

dom?

met, gener-

the tabret and dancing to their

nothing more was meant by this than an expression

exaggeration as strong emotion

more

women, who, playing on

They were

responsive chorus rhythmic lines adapted to the occasion.

every strophe came this refrain,

the

SAMUEL

The thought was

gall

me

but thousands

and wormwood to

;

They have

ascribed

and what can he have more but the king-

his heart,

and the next day, instead of being

soothed by the music of David's harp, he aimed a javelin at the head of the musician, escaped only by dexterously evading

its

who

point.


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[i»jiU^':

SAUI,

AND DAVID.


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DAVID SPARING SAUL. I

We

have the same parties

in this as in

The

case was this

The

:

relief

David generously forbears to

here

;

David had gone

but, singularly enough, fell

to

Engedi, pursued

entirely into

from the mid-day heat he went into the very cave where David and

ing the strife by putting Saul to death.

He would

kingdom by the

his

But he could not bring himself to consider

bide God's time, and not allow

it

to be said of

men were

any

evil design, and, as

proof of

it,

just

as

easily

ently melted in contrition, and

as

have taken

of

lord

innocence of

his

hand, which he had

in his

his head.

off

My

Saul was appar-

but David was unwilling to trust himself to drew off his men one so impulsive and suspicious, and returned to the cave. The interview left

the keeping of

them both

earnest protestation

pointed to the skirt which he held

when he might

taken from his robe

made an

a por-

When

do without disturbing the monarch's repose.

his attention,

that

into the

otT

the king rose and passed out to join his troops, David followed him, and cried out,

and having arrested

in

it

him that he had come

So he contented himself by cutting

assassination of his predecessor.

tion of Saul's robe, which he could easily

the king,

power.

his

David's companions regarded the occurrence as a providential opportunity for end-

concealed.

light.

life

king, learning that

him at the head of three thousand men, Seeking

the preceding illustration, but the circumstances are

There Saul was seeking David's

widely different. take Saul's.

XXIV.

SAMUEL

it

;

had found them.

But David had furnished a signal example of self-control

and forbearance, and Saul had rejected another inducement

forsake his

to

malicious perse-

cution.

The

striking scene

Palestine where

around. cipitous ers.

The cliff,

is

well presented in the illustration.

men converse

artist,

therefore, has

across a deep gorge

which

it

placed the king, with his serried

would take hours liost.

to

in

go

on the top of a pre-

while David stands on a lesser elevation behind, attended only by his few follow-

Holding up the fragment

skirt of

easily

There are very many places

thy robe

know thou and

in

my hand

:

;

royal garment, he cries,

for in that

see that there

sinned against thee

of the

is

I

cut

neither evil

yet thou huntest

my

off

My

father, see

;

yea, see the

the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not,

nor transgression

soul to take

in

mine hand, and

I

have not

it.


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DAVIU SPARING

AAIIL.


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DEATH OF SAUL. SAMUEL

I

Never

did the promise of a fair and noble

He seemed

Israel's first king.

and

as he

will

of Jehovah,

But

and thenceforward

sin,

was one

his life

elon,

where

answereth

said,

me no

of constant moral deterioration.

thrown away.

He

When

unhappy afraid,

the

The

Philistines

all

who

make war

sorrow-stricken

king, hearing the

king,

but

words,

fearful

to fell

him.

left in

God

against me, and

in

Here a great multitude was

Amidst the shower

of

Philistine

slain,

archers, or

wounded, and, dreading

to fall al ive i nt o

dispatch him at once.

He

vant followed his

forewarn his

the plain

over the Saul

me and

departed from

is

fall

him

into

woman his

of

superstition.

of

In

this

Endor, not to guide

impending

But he made

The

doom.

camp.

out, at last, to return to his

refused,

e.xample.

The

and among them the three eldest sons of Saul. hard-pressed by their charioteers, Saul was sore

the hands of his foes, besought his armor-bearer to

and then Saul

artist

fell

upon

represents the

his

scene

sword and as

own weapons,

it

was

died.

And

his ser-

accomplished

:

the

while the foes are dashing

hill.

fell

with

all

his

sins

upon

his

head

his last act a sin

;

but his generous

celebrated the sad event in a beautiful ode which has been admired in every age.

is

Esdra-

of

whole length on the ground and was sore

victims of madness and despair l)'ing pierced by their

in

shudder, and

next day the Philistines charged the Israelite army and drove them, up the heights of

Gilboa.

when

until at

In his perplexity he resorted to

forsake the true religion generally

and there was no strength

The

made him

about to join battle

however, the Lord was pleased to use the sorcery of the

or comfort

His splendid

went from bad to worse,

more, neither by prophets nor by dreams.

necromancy, just as case,

in others.

of

the fate of Palestine has been decided by arms, he found no helper any-

often

As he

where.

all

the case

rest of the nation in intellect, heart,

the thought of which would once have

which he had severely punished so

ripen into such bitter fruit as in

and disobedience drew down upon him the frown

self-will

opportunities and ample resources were the end he committed a

life

tower as much above the

to

did in stature.

XXXI.

a great

man

is

rival,

To

carried to his tomb, the most appropriate music for the occasion

David,

this day, is

found

the exquisite composition which seeks to express, in sound, this lament of David, and which

known

as

The Dead March

in

Saul.


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DEATH OF

SAUL.


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THE DEATH OF ABSALOM. 2

The

son

third

In

nation.

Israel

all

from the sole of addition

to

Offended

he

this his

at

had

every way,

in

much

praised

as

Absalom

for

even to the crown of his head there was no blemish a

pleasing

and unprin-

dissolute,

came

yet

he was the very flower and pride of the whole

there was none to be so

his foot

the handsome,

of

Absalom was highly favored

history.

In personal appearance

shameful end.

to a

XVIII.

David reminds every reader

of

Alcibiades of Greek

cipled

SAMUEL

address,

perception, and

quick

father for severity of treatment for his

To

criminal ambition, he determined to seize the crown.

beauty;

his

In

him.

in

decided force of

will.

own misconduct, and animated by end he practiced

this

all

a

the arts of

an accomplished demagogue, courting the favor of the people and undermining the authority

At

of the king. his side all

of preparation, he set

up

standard

his

Hebron, won

in

to

David's confidential counselor, the wise Ahithophel, and gathered his adherents from

When

quarters.

from

length, after )-ears

his capital

in

the news of this formidable revolt

haste and distress, and

made good

Absalom, meanwhile, entered Jerusalem

He

in

came

to

king, he

the ears of the

his escape to

fled

Mahanaim, beyond Jordan.

triumph, and assumed

some

royal rights,

all

of

them

of

David, not to pursue his father at once and end the contest by a decided stroke, but to wait

in

a very offensive manner.

troops were gathered.

until all his

and make a firm stand for

his

ers,

with the

raim, and effort

the

command

David's

came

This delay gave David opportunity to

crown, so that

large and well-appointed force to

meet him.

to deal gently with

troops were

successful.

to his death in the singular

wood he was caught by

the

head

when Absalom

collect

Absalom.

Battle

Absalom sought

method shown

— possibly

in

was joined to

escape

in the

by

the illustration.

entangled by

His body was then thrown into a huge

his

pit

wood

flight,

;

this

but

long hair

—

in

the boughs of

In this position he his

was found by

heart with three

and covered with a heap of stones,

of bitter revenge,

the

in

As he rode through

formed over the graves of grievous malefactors.

the deserved recompense

Eph-

of

And

boundless

self-will,

like

was the

this

shameful end and dishonored grave of a king's son, the best-looking and most popular his generation

friends

h is

This force was committed to three trusted lead-

an overhanging tree, and his mule passed from under him.

those which used to be

secret friend

crossed the Jordan there was a

Joab, who, forming a circle of his ten attendants around the tree, pierced darts.

by a

was, however, cunningly induced,

man

and

of

filial

ingratitude.


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DAVID MOURNING OVER ABSALOM. 2

While

the battle

in

the

where he had parted from and as he

To

And when

safe ?

submission, and

my

my

The

son

XVIII.

Ephraim was going

his troops in the

morning. life,

David remained

on,

All day long he waited for

were

all

intelligence

own

the sad truth comes out, he forgets his

my

and goes up son,

my

to his

would God

I

man

deliverance, forgets gratitude,

chamber with a great and exceeding

son Absalom

;

had died

for thee,

bitter cry,

O

Absalom,

my

O

clasped hands of the central figure in the picture, and the averted face, well express

had ample reason.

no such assurance his

the place

forgotten in his eager concern

the father's agony, at which the attendants gaze in consternation. grief

in

each messenger that comes he puts the same inquiry, Is the young

faith,

son Absalom

son,

of

sat watching, his throne, his people, his

Absalom.

for

wood

SAMUEL

father there

is

When

David's passionate

Bathsheba's infant died he could say,

possible here.

Absalom's sun had gone down

remained a bitter remembrance

— a life-long sorrow.

in

I

shall

thickest

go

burst of

to him,

darkness.

How many

but

To

fathers since

have, by a foolish indulgence of their children, or by an unreasonable rigor, laid up for themselves an equal

and remediless grief

1


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iiîgr

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SOLOMON.

This imposing that

figure represents

went before him,

the wisest of

men

in

the ripe maturity of his days.

came

He

honor, and

excelled

all

power.

His peaceful empire extended from the ri ve r o f Egypt to the Euphrates, and he held

a port at the head of the

These wide

the west.

sparkling

territories

uses the phrase,

was none more expressive.

But the

artist,

indicates sits.

in

But the

brought

Solomon

his stables, us,

genius

in

abundance

;

and what

is

after him,

riches,

in

This led to a display which in

to the east

and

to

an ample revenue, so that the precious metals and

all

his

were

all

glory,

as a

became

proverbial.

term of comparison, for there

his court, his porch, his throne, his banquets,

on the most magnificent

seems to leave

all

scale.

these external things out of view.

columns and the architrave of the apartment where to

view

Songs, proverbs, and treatises came from his

fruit-

one hand, and the pen. or

the extensive authorship ascribed to him. ful

in

save, perhaps, the

roll in

that

whence there was extensive commerce

the picture before

them

all

Solomon's buildings,

even

his gardens, his chariots,

the king

Sea,

gems abounded on every hand.

Our Saviour

Nothing

Red

as well as

stylus, in the

other, bring

preserved in the canonical Scriptures

is

up

only a portion of

the literature he produced.


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THE JUDGMENT OF SOLOMON. KINGS

I

III.

In Solomon's youth the Lord appeared to him

God

The young monarch

should give him.

judge thy people, that

The Lord

a proof of

in

it

him with a dead dead one the

Then and

tlie

said.

child

Nay

;

a sword. in

O my

The one

lord, give

in him, to artist

saith.

but thy son

And

This

is

my

Two

make such

mothers came before

son that liveth, and thy son

the dead, and

is

her the living child, and

slaj' it

di\'ide :

;

she

Then

it.

my

son

in

is

no wise slay

final.

is

And

the living.

And

the king

the king said,

Then spake

upon her

But the other

it.

the dead:

And

and they feared the king

and

said,

Let liv-

Israel heard of the judg-

all

saw that the wisdom of

for the}'

:

the

son,

the king answered and said. Give her the

the mother thereof.

is

do judgment.

s ta nd s, with

hand, announcing

uplifted

The

executioner, with

ing child in the other, has his face turned to the

The

false

mother stands

monarch

wise

his

The

decision

drawn sword as

in

—a

in

keen-sighted

one hand and the

seeking to

if

youthful king,

know whether

liv-

the

by, indifferent, or rather well-pleased, at the result;

but the other feels the j-earnings of her maternal heart, and in

able to judge this thy

is

has conveyed verj' justly the sentiment of the occasion.

r ob es ,

is

who

two, and give half to the one, and half to the other.

appeal to the instincts of nature.

decision

for

they brought a sword before the king.

ment which the king had judged

official

:

the living child was, unto the king, for her bowels yearned

ing child, and in no wise

his

good and bad

think that he must have been already very wise to

be neither mine nor thine, but

The

Give thy servant an understanding heart to

and a living one, each claiming that the living child was hers and the

the king,

me

woman whose

God was

and bade him ask what

night,

assured him that his request was granted, and at an early period he had

Divide the living child

it

dream by

the extraordinary scene exhibited in this picture.

other saith,

she said,

a

other's.

said

Bring

said,

diicern between

One would

so great a people?

a choice.

may

I

in

down

falls

imploringly, expressing

every line of the figure anxious desire.

There

is

an oriental tradition that Solomon once peaceably adjudicated between two claim-

ants to the

same treasure by determining

the other.

But

that the son of the one should marry the daughter of

this story falls far short of the

one described

in

the picture.


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THE CEDARS DESTINED FOR THE TEMPLE. I

Ix the magnificent trations of divine

Hymn

KINGS

V.

among

of Creation, the 104th Psalm, the writer,

wisdom and power,

the specific

Of these he

cites the trees of the forest.

illus-

selects a single

species as pre-eminent

The stately

The

trees of the

The

cedars of Lebanon, whicli he hath planted.

Lord

are satisfied (with moisture),

No

reasons of the selection are not far to seek. useful.

and durable and variously

other tree of Palestine

is

so large and

Besides being an ornament to any landscape, the

cedar could be fashioned into the mast of a ship, or the beams of a house, or the celling of a temple, or a coffer for merchandise. the

temple and the second

first

floated

down

;

It

in

was the wood

in

the construction of

both cases obtained from the Tyrians, by

and thence carried overland

to Joppa,

employed

chiefly

Jerusalem.

to

whom

it

was

And when Herod made

those repairs and enlargements which were almost equivalent to a third temple, the stone he

used was white marble, but the wood was cedar, from the forests of Lebanon.

modern

Haram,

visitor to the

at Jerusalem, as

by Mohammedans

Virgin, long since converted

carved ceiling of red

wood which had

Formerly cedars existed

he walks

in

the

same

down

into the

Mosque

known

anon, technicall}' to be, in

One who of

number as

of a

dozen or more.

The

Cedars,

is

in

One

of

enormous

Still

by

Some

it

of

Leb-

deserves

and their extreme antiquity.

size,

life-like.

The

are drawing

gigantic trunks, which have been sawn through near the ground. In

there are found, in different

travelers, as, indeed,

the illustration very

busy workmen give great animation to the scene.

prostrate.

El Aksa, sees overhead a

of these, on the western slope

alwa^'S visited

trees, their

has seen them finds the sketch

lie

nave of the Church of the

great abundance, and vast forests covered the sides of the twin

view of the number of the

ming those which

to-day the

origin.

ranges of Lebanon, but these have long since disappeared. places, groves to the

the

And

varied groups

down with ropes

Others are hewing and trim-

the foreground two wains, with large,

awkward

wheels, are

loaded with huge trees and drawn by long trains of horses, which the drivers are guiding as circumstances

require,

while the mounted inspectors

laborers are watching the progress of the work.

confused, and

it

The

are giving their picture

is

orders,

crowded with

and groups of figures,

but not

represents what must have occurred time and again in the forest slopes of the

White Mountain, Lebanon.


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THE Cl-DARS

DI

snÊD TOR THE TEMPLE


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THE PROPHET SLAIN BY A KINGS

I

The

incident

which

to

picture

this

LION.

XIII.

refers

a part of the

is

against the. idolatrous worship instituted by Jeroboam, at Bethel. state,

was offering incense on the

before him a prophet to

He

this special purpose.

to

whom

the sacred

altar,

thus saith the Lord.

What

upon

child of the

offered

it

by a

ordered his arrest

;

the

Lord

the

but, behold

said

was that the

there suddenly rose

He

at

was not even

priests of this altar should

one day be

in

sin.

anger, with

that he could not

The prophet

restored.

for

altar, altar,

and

outstretched hand,

draw

it

in to him,

The

he was compelled to ask the prophet to entreat the Lord to restore his hand.

was complied with and the hand

his royal

had come from fudah

of division

The king

hand withered so

his

made

O

dumb monument

house of Judah.

He

book gives no name.

calf,

king, in

to receive hospitality, going or returning.

was not

address the king, but the

While the

he had erected to the golden

altar

prophetic protest

first

and

request

then, according to his orders, set out

once to return home, without eating or drinking.

But an old prophet residing

communication

persuaded the stranger to return to Bethel, and eat and drink

But, while they were sitting at the table, behold the old prophet announced to his

with him. visitor a

to that effect,

Bethel went after him, and, by falsely pretending a divine

at

true message from

God,

And

sepulcher of his fathers.

so

that, for his it

came

disobedience, he should

to pass.

As he journeyed

him, and then stood by the carcass, just as the illustration lected

to

put the ass

in.

The

not be buried in the

a lion

met him and slew

represents, only the artist

narrative states that the lion waited quietly, disturbing neither

the ass nor any that passed by the wa}^

He

did

the

work he was appointed

to

he hinder the old prophet when he came and took up the body to

only, nor did

has neg-

do,

carrj-

and that it

to the

city for burial.

the prediction against the altar at Bethel. a most remarkable way, and severe against his own chosen servants when they disobeyed his

Thus was emphasized,

If

God was

so

prompt

in

commands, how much more would he be against those whose apostasy was open and manifold, establishing an

idolatrous worship of the most debased and debasing character, and violating

both the letter and tablet of stone

spirit of the

command which was thundered from

Sinai and written on a

by the finger of God?


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THE PROPHET SLAIN BY A

LION.


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ELIJAH DESTROYING THE MESSENGERS OF AHAZIAH. KINGS

2

related

It. is

in

way from

Jesus, on his

Luke

the Gospel of

I.

51-56) that on a certain occasion, when the Lord

(ix.

Galilee to Jerusalem, desired to pass through a village

he was refused permission, whereupon James and John asked

tans,

down

fire

from heaven upon these offenders, even as Elijah

The

for the future.

Samari-

he wished them to

call

His

But he rebuked them.

did.

Forbearance belonged to

mission was not to destroy, but to save.

ment being reserved

if

of the

his present course, judg-

case to which the impetuous disciples referred was

the one set forth in this picture.

King Ahaziah, having sent messengers

to

consult a

Philistine

deity whether

recover from a disease which afflicted him, was surprised by their sudden

return.

met a man who sent them back with a rebuke and an ominous message.

The

ing the description of the strange apparition, perceived that bite,

Troop

arrest him.

each

whom

the prophet of

successive

simple answer was,

upon me],

let

fire

came against the

summoned him

If

I

to

solitary

man, but

vain.

in

be a man of God

[as

you

call

me and

So he sent

The

captain of

fifty.

Even

There was no

his

And

Such a procedure belonged Elijah.

He

quake, nor rible

of

all

accents are

in

the old

to

in

fact of retribution.

the

fire,

things, all

but

in

the

dispensation,

the wrath

of love

But the Gospel

still,

of

small voice.

Lamb

the

and mercy, and

it

contending with

each case the destruction was instantaneous and

and

was a messenger of rebuke and repentance.

and display the

and

horses and men, in the illustration, well express the wild

of

terrible infliction sent, before the soldiers learned the folly of

commissioned messengers.

as the

delay,

dismay which must have seized the troops when overtaken by the bolt from heaven.

was the

to

yet seek to lay violent hands

come down from heaven and consume thee and thy

The confused forms

king, on learn-

descend and accompany them to the king, but the

prophet spake the heavens opened and down came the fiery shower.

no escape.

They had

could be only Elijah, the Tish-

he had heard from his father and his grandfather.

after troop

fifty

it

he should

—but

is

It

the

in

or

total.

was his duty to sound the alarm

neither in the

is

God

times and character of

hurricane, nor the earth-

does speak of wrath

this

woos men by

It

to

Twice

the

invitations

future.

— even

that most ter-

For the present

its

and promises, and God's sun

shines and his rain descends upon the evil and the good, the just and the unjust.


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ELIJAH Di;STKOVT\-G

IIIE

MESSEMiKKS UF AlIAZIAH.


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ELIJAH'S

ASCENT 2

— words

finely

KINGS

II.

Elijah that he rose up as a

Jesus, the son of Sirach, said of

torch

A CHARIOT OF FIRE.

IN

descriptive of

his

vehement nature and

none

is

soaked

(James in

again his

v.

water

call

devouring

;

17,

iS).

At

his call fire

like

that

to

him

in

to lay

sacrifice

hands upon him, once and

which consumed them

fiery thunderbolts

When

all.

the awful solitudes of Sinai, one of the displays was a

which enveloped the mount

in

the day the law was given.

course so peculiar and wondrous should have a termination of the like

narrative of the sacred historian

ing on the road beyond the Jordan,

is

the

It

sort.

was

And

had.

The

of

He was

career.

came down upon Carmel and consumed a

and afterward, when armed bands sought

brought forth from the skies

fire

fitting that a it

as a

.Single-handed he confronted king and queen, a court and a nation.

him.

Lord revealed himself

the

word blazed

we are, yet, when he prayed, it rained not for three years months, and, when he prayed again, the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth

si.x

its fruit

brilliant

his

subject to like passions as

He was and

like

and

For intense action and concentrated energy

burning and shining light of the old dispensation. there

fire,

fire,

is

when suddenly

there appeared a chariot of

prophet with outstretched hand, and so the heroic

Elisha

man disappeared from

:

fallen

earth.

in

amazement

at

the

it.

Yet

a thousand years after his entrance; into

of

life

God

took him.

which had pre-

heaven he once more appeared on

comes

respecting the decease he was to accomplish at Jerusalem (Luke giver, so the great representative of the prophets

This

thrilling spectacle.

Like Enoch, he was not, for

In the brilliant transfiguration of our Lord, he, with Moses,

Son

and horses

the .sweeping clouds, the winged horses, the

This translation was the completion and crown of the heroic and saintly ceded

fire

and parted them both asunder, and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.

the scene the artist has essayed to represent

And

Elijah and Elisha were walk-

simple but effective.

comes

forth

to

to ix.

earth.

meet him and converse 30).

As

the great law-

do honor to the well-beloved

God.


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ELIJAH'S ASCENT IN A CHARIOT OF KIRB,


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THE DEATH OF JEZEBEL. KINGS

2

The Israel, deities,

by

principal antagonist of

but excelled in

all

predecessors

his

place of Jehovah.

his wife

Elijah was Ahab, sin

who

not only continued

[ezebel, a Tyrian princess,

who appears

to

have been to him what Clytemnestra

was bold and unrelenting.

scruples remaining, and

She derided the weak-

ness of her husband, and cared nothing for perjury or murder to secure her ends.

she had put

Ahab

The dogs

shall

in possession of the dearly-gained

eat Jezebel

by the wall

Yet when Jehu,

accomplished.

by the queen-mother from one throw her down. forth, and. after

are seen in the

He was

of Jezreel.

obeyed, as

is

windows

But

after

vineyard of Naboth, the prophet declared

Nothing seemed more unlikely

after slaying her son, drove

of the

in

was seconded, or rather prompted,

Ahab had some

to her husband.

of feebler will than desire, but Jezebel

the calf-worship

by enthroning Baal and Ashtoreth, Phoenician

In this deliberate apostasy he

was to j^gisthus, or Lady Macbeth

was

in

IX.

up to

of the palace,

Jezreel,

to be

and was addressed

he called upon her attendants to

represented in the spirited illustration.

She was

cast

being trampled under the horses' hoofs, was devoured by the wild dogs, which

bottom of the

picture, waiting to tear her in pieces.

A

bold,

bad woman came

to a fearful but merited end.


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ESTHER COXFOUXDIXG HAMAX. ESTHER

Martin Luther once existed,

God

in

name

of

its

is

he wished that neither Esther nor her book had ever

said that

and similar opinions have been uttered by others

exclusiveness.

which

VIII.

its spirit

of revenge,

uerus. the sleepless night, result the

But

whole action moves.

not there, his finger

work

thrust

upon

when

the

The

is.

is

it

dullest reader

who

of a divine Providence,

So

is

is

been

said, that

if

compelled to recognize

its

name

the

of

the final

in

distinctly just because

it is

not

concerned, that belongs to the period

revengeful feeling shown

the

object to

connects together the quarrel of Ahas-

and perhaps the more

far as its exclusiveness

And

occurred.

lot,

They

God. and the earthly plane on

certain, as has often

and the long delay of the

his attention.

facts

omission of the

its

later times.

is

a

pattern of what

is

to

be

avoided rather than imitated.

Moreover, there stor}-.

What in

is

much

and stimulate

to kindle

in

the

course of the central figure of the

her that was •glorified by the genius of Handel, and sanctified by the a loftv patriotism she showed

unto the king, and

king's favorite

I

spirited pose of

The

if

I

perish.

artist

I

I

What

perish

'' I

pietj

of

a generous self-sacrifice in the words.

And what

Racine.' I

will

go

courage, in attacking, as she did, the

has exaggerated nothing in the splendor of the architecture, the

Esther, the kindling wrath of the king, and the downcast air of the wretched

Haman.


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ISAIAH.

This

the greatest

is

of the prophets of speech, as Elijah

His

of those of action.

is

utter-

in

ances are greater number than those of any other, and excel as much in quality as in quanThis was owing, in part, to the length of his life, the height of his social position, and tity. the period in which he appeared, but mainly to his in

all

own magnificent

forms of prophetic expression, and are great

in

all.

Whether

vivid description, or didactic reasoning, or impassioned appeal, entreaty, that

employs

and original mind.

his pen, the

result

is

glory of the triumphant Messiah, whose

and have rendered

No

name

is

to bruise.

The two

sides of the picture put together

his

book

other inspired writer has so

called

Wonderful;

has given, with such melting pathos, the experience of the suffering Messiah,

Lord

narrative, or

or direct invective, or tender

Prophet,

almost as dear and as familiar to Christians as the Psalter.

the

mere

His frequent references to the great future Deliverer are so many as to

have acquired for him the name of the Evangelical

set forth the

it

Everything bears the stamp of a great

the same.

is

His oracles take

genius.

make

whom

no other it

pleased

the most marvelous com-

bination the earth has ever seen.

In

the

illustration

stretches before

Isaiah

kneels on

him a wide sweep

a

naked

of vale

rock,

rapt

in

devout

meditation.

and upland, of bright skies reflected

in

There waters

beneath, but he neither sees nor hears anything but the voice of the Lord speaking in the quiet

communion.


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THE DESTRUCTION OF SENNACHERIB'S HOST. 2

The rence

KINGS XIX.

picture represents a fearful overthrow

The

awful occur-

by the prophet Isaiah and by the author of the Book of Kings.

related both

is

wrought by an angelic being.

Sen-

nacherib was threatening the destruction of Jerusalem, and had used insulting words respecting

God

the

In answer to the prayer of Hezekiah, the

of Israel.

and speedy deliverance.

five

attack

by human

learned

in

in

done

all

the in

camp

a single night.

health,

and

in

the

morning were

men do

to this event,

Herodotus learned

Egypt from the records

artist

was

not, therefore, a nocturnal

some

in

The

There was no disturbance, no alarm.

Egypt.

contain no reference

The

It

The

hundred and fourscore

imagined, but a direct visitation of God, like that which

their usual

which, under

of the Assyrians an

foe.

nor a terrible storm, nor a pestilence, nor a simoom of the desert, as

foes,

men have

the first-born in

were

This was

thousand.

of complete

This was wrought by the destruction of the invading

angel of the Lord went out and smote

and

Lord gave assurance

for

of

not

all

one night slew

entire host at

all

night-fall

The Assyrian monuments

corpses.

take pains

in

to

record their defeats

;

but

that country a story of Assyrian discomfiture

disguise, resembles in several particulars the Scripture narrative.

admirably depicts the confusion, the wild dismay of the host as they

beneath the avenging arm of the messenger of the described in the well-known stanzas of Byron

lie

prostrate

But the scene has been vividly

skies.

:

The

Assyrian came

wolf on the fold,

like the

And

his cohorts

And

the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea

When

down

the blue

were gleaming

wave

in purple

rolls nightly

on deep

Like the leaves of the forest when

That

and gold

Galilee.

Summer

host, with their banners, at sunset

;

is

green,

were seen

:

Like the leaves of the forest when .'\utumn hath blown,

That

,

host,

on the morrow, lay wither'd and strown.

For the Angel of Death spread

his

wings on the

And

breathed in the face of the foe as he pass'd

And

the eyes of the sleepers wax'd deadly and

And

their hearts but

blast,

chill.

once heaved, and forever grew


still

'

'

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BARUCH. JEREMIAH XXXVI., XLV.

This name

is

well

manner

lation after the

some time

written

known

as the title of a

of the

very well informed, as in the

position

now taken he stood

the

first

century

from Josephus

learn

also to

He

land.

same intimacy

be a

medium

his close

The

upon the

artist

as Elisha with Elijah, or

of

As

Egypt.

fate of master

represents him,

God.

He may ment. self

?

He

seems rapt

in

really belongs to an histori-

of a distinguished

family,

brother, Seraiah, held an li.

59).

will,

Timothy with

made by

the

honorable

But the chief interest

Paul.

mouth

and

It

of the

was

whom

his office to

weeping prophet,

communication between him and the king and nobles of the

in

and surrounded by the precious of

his

was

it

and confidential relations with Jeremiah, to

shared, too, his imprisonment until the

with him to go into rity rests

He

and

;

But

d.

court of Zedekiah, Judah's last king (Jerem.

receive and record the disclosures of the divine

and

a.

canonical Scripture.

in

Baruch springs from

in

in

we

the Old Testament Apocrypha, a compi-

in

prophets, and also as attached to a spurious Apocalypse

the course of the

in

personage of some note

cal

Hebrew

book

to

and the

rolls

fall

what followed

of the

city,

and afterward was compelled

this removal, the

same impenetrable obscu-

scholar. illustration, as

on which

it

reclining

had been

his

amid the bare walls privilege

to

of a prison,

inscribe the

words

meditation, and his countenance has a sad and careworn expression.

be musing on the high hopes he once cherished for himself, and their total disappoint-

For the divine utterance Seek them

to

him

is

still

on record, Seekest thou great things for thy-

not.


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EZEKIEL PROPHESYING. EZEKIEL

This prophet,

prophets,

colossal, like

is

the

that of one

amber

lightning's flash,

fire,

bull

of

human

and with the sound of

The prophet needed

rolling

of God's

mere

whether they

sculptors.

His imagery

the vast halls of the Assyrian palaces.

When

— the

is

It

eagle-winged

and complicated forms with mystic

they move,

it

is

with the speed of the

thunder or the din of an army.

name Ezekiel

Countless eyes

speaks.

be reinforced by such a gigantic

stiff

vision.

He came

to

speak to

hardened, rather than softened, by the

of heart ;

Captivity, and wholly averse to

favor.

This

midst, with solemn earnestness

with

and

among

and the sapphire throne which crowns the whole aptly suggests

hard of face and

bitter experiences of the

rather

gainsaying

a

to

His countrymen threw the blame of their exile upon God, and not upon them-

They were

restoration

to

sent

very appropriate to one who,

is

into strange

and rainbow brightness.

awful and mysterious occupant in whose

unwilling ears.

and

him, was

like

dignity and brute strength combined

— and weaves them

indicate boundless intelligence,

selves.

priest, and,

who had wandered through

emblems

human-headed

wheels, and

its

a

what Michael Angelo was among painters

seizes the singular lion,

Jeremiah, was also

His name denotes the strength of God,

people. the

like

III.

II.,

curiosity

will hear, or

is

shown

than

well in

any

shown

every

trait

;

deep moral

whether they

the

in

the

penitence indispensable

to

the

stands

in

the

Ezekiel

illustration.

but the hearers seem interest.

But

his

listless,

message

or attending is

to

speak,

will forbear.


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THE VISION OF EZEKIEL. EZEKIEI. XXXVII

Many

grand and impressive visions were vouchsafed to Ezekiel, but none so thrilling as

that which in

is

The

here represented.

the open valley

— a stretch

Lord had taken Ezekiel and

Sp irit o f the

where a huge caravan had

of desert

left its

set

him down

skeletons of

man and

beast to bleach upon the yellow sands, or a vast battlefield where thousands and tens of thou-

sands had been told to

slain,

walk to and

and none

fro,

left to

and, as he walked, to bid

They were very many and very

dry, but

sounded through the desert

as his voice

beneath his

feet,

and, behold

air,

the bones

them

came

together, the

slain, that

prophesy and

they

live

He

lifeless

forms.

may

entered into these

say,

Come from

there was an exceeding great army.

Dry and

revolution.

it

—a

in form,

disjointed bones

vast field of unburied corpses.

was before.

ing skeletons, while, in the rear, are

The

some

Lord.

the four winds,

O

breath,

and breathe upon these

in

whom

Vital breath

and stood upon their

picture represents

scattered in the

The

But again Ezekiel received the

after another they arose

lie

the

but every hand

obeyed, and once more the word was efficacious.

One

of

sinews and the flesh crept over

Here they were, complete

scene was hardly less dismal and revolting than to

and hear the word

live

there was a peal as of thunder, the earth shook

every eye glazed, every tongue cold and silent

command

these lifeless relics the prophet was

Ezekiel prophesied as he had been commanded, and

them, and a new skin covered the whole. stiff,

Round

bury them.

all

the

steps in

this

feet, until

wondrous

foreground; behind them are mov-

the process

is

complete, and

who

stand gaz-

ing at the source of this wondrous transformation, while on a height stands the prophet, con-

templating the vision.

The meaning

of the

whole

is

clear.

The bones

in the valley

were no unfitting emblem of

the race of

Israel, scattered,

lessly lost.

But a day was coming when the grave of their captivity would be opened, when

the skeleton

divided from each other, and, as a nation, to

Judaism would come forth and

of

again clothed with fresh and living beauty. future.

Yet

the body.

this

;

What

and

this

appearance hope-

breath of the Divine Spirit, and be

took place

in

the valley was a type of the

could hardly be without suggesting the possibility of a

The power which

moldering dust

feel the

all

literal

resurrection of

turned dry bones into animated beings, could do the same with

passage must be counted with those of other prophets, which made

the general resurrection an accepted truth in the days of our Lord's flesh.


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HIE VISION OF

KZl-KTF.L.


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DANIEL. DANIEL

Under one man

of Jewish

Pharaohs Joseph became Prime Minister of Egypt, and recently a

of the early

descent held the same office in the court of

there was a long succession intervals

mounted

these

one whose

is

X.

the

to

life

To many English

phal story of Susanna

;

but although he

nothing could be hid (Ezekiel

readers he

to judgment, is

exile, is

of their race, at various

Prominent among

states.

and who was

best

Between these

Victoria.

gifts

European

covered the whole period of the

a Daniel come

Queen

who, by the singular

Israelites,

highest places of Oriental or

greatly beloved of God. the Merchant of Venice,

of

known by

called,

the

e.xclamation

of habitual prayer, of

spoken of as one from whose transcendent wisdom

xxviii. 3), his

prosperity.

firm

name and fame

upon other grounds.

rest

The

;

unshaken constancy

in

the matter of his religion.

his high position at court did not render

illustration

represents him

later visions recorded in the

as expressing

of

;

the

same

in

His

He was

a

adversity and in

His rectitude of conduct was so entire that envious foes could find no matter of

accusation against him, save turn his head

faith,

in

borrowed, doubtless, from the Apocry-

character seems to have been a complete and consistent whole from his youth up.

man

by Gabriel,

book

gifts

from

God

did not

him proud.

by the side of the great

that bears his name.

His great

river,

where he received the

His attitude

is

chief

simple but appropriate,

deep seriousness and thoughtful meditation.


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THE FIERY FURNACE. DANIEL

The

Hebrews speaks

Epistle to the

the violence of

fire

(xi.

III.

all

his subjects

the citizens consented, but there were three companions of the monarch heard of this he cited

The answer

under the same penalty.

modest firmness and so.

our

be

it

known unto

thee,

its

once flung into the

would seem it

to

to be

far

of

we

will not serve

enough away

to be

way

In this

filled

him with

size

;

As

some way.

in

the

The

artist

means not here

i.

c,

something

is

there, with

divine.

it,

it

it,

in

it

by spectators who

must have been so placed as

The king and

it

in

cannot be proved.

the person

The

forth unharmed, for the

fire

result

come

well have been

of

was

forth.

that the

monarch

They obeyed

singed, neither were their coats changed, nor had the smell of

Their

faith

the

Christ, although,

had no power over their bodies,

was absolute and complete.

his

counselors,

move about

fire

Angel

their

like

are

a son of

of the Covenant,

however probable such a

called the courageous men,

him, and behold

they came

nor was an hair of their head passed upon them.

had quenched the violence of


at

from

The young men

an aspect so heavenly that he seemed

may very

It

the servants of the most high God, to

victory

As

four persons could walk to and fro in

has omitted one characteristic feature of the Scripture.

afterward became incarnate

theophany,

to be

it

harm from

of

not,

if

specified,

of certain

has conceived the case.

illustration

not alone, but a fourth form

who

But

be

it

cannot certainly be known.

and as these persons could be seen

beyond the reach

If

and he commanded them

rage,

above, see the wondrous fact that, instead of being consumed, these Jews

the gods,

matter.

in this

to the Inspection of persons at a distance.

open

ease.

an example of

thy gods nor worship the golden image

increased by the employment

immense

deliberately refused to

classic, as

answer thee

sort of furnace here intended

have been inclosed

must have been

were

The

who

Daniel

great body of

able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace.

king, that

fire.

could be

intensity

O

is

But these words only

thou hast set up. at

serve

The

fiery furnace.

young men has become

of the

bow

them before him, renewing the command

\\ e are not careful to

intrepidity.

God whom we

Nebuchadnezzar had

without exception were required to

down, under penalty of being cast into the midst of a burning

When

quenched

their faith

This illustration furnishes an instance.

34).

erected a vast image of go ld , to which

obey.

who by

certain heroes of old

of

Their

fire.

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BELSHAZZAR'S FEAST. DANIEL

The

existence of

made Nabonidus

Belshazzar was once asserted to be a mere myth, since profane history

the last king of Babylon

But, in 1854, Sir

derided.

had associated

that he

part of his reign.

who was made

his

;

and the authority of Daniel was impeached and

Henry Rawlinson read on eldest son

a cylinder of

Nabonidus the statement

Belshazzar with him upon the throne, during the latter

This vindicated the Scripture narrative, and explained exactly how Daniel,

next to the acting king, should be called tJiird ruler

discovery from the Assyrian

mation would explain

words

V.

all

monuments goes

far

to

in

the kingdom.

This

sustain the position that adequate infor-

the other apparent inconsistencies between

t he

and

Scr ipture

the

of credible secular historians.

This

last

king of Babylon was celebrating a profane, riotous

Surrounded by

ordinary interruption.

and

his lords,

his wives,

the sacred vessels brought by his grandfather from Jerusalem,

of the boisterous mirth, there

and

which met with an extra-

his concubines,

he was not

must needs give a zest to the entertainment by sending

satisfied with th e usual revelry, but

only for solemn worship might be

feast,

made

order that what had been used

in

the instruments of a drunken revel.

was a sudden pause.

The

for

But, in the midst

king's countenance changed,

and

his

thoughts troubled him so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another.

The

reason was, the fingers of a man's hand came forth and wrote mysteri-

ous characters upon the wall. the king be alarmed

mined

its

It

?

character.

Nobody understood

might be of good

Engaged

this conviction

vain

he

the

as

meaning, but

omen.

of evil

Hebrew

why

should

His conscience deter-

general tenor.

its

It

spoke of

doom dark and

only intensified the monarch's desire to have a fuller disclosure of

he asked his wise men.

summon

as well

its

he was, at the time, at a profane, dissolute banquet, there

as

could be only one explanation of

the writing or

The

secret baffled their power.

And

Daniel, which he did.

Then

deadly; but

its

intent.

In

the queen suggested that

Daniel gave the explanation, prefacing

it

with a solemn warning. It

is

this

scene which the artist sets forth.

marked with the well-known features ishment

at the mystic

of Assyrian architecture.

are assembled in a stately hall

The

guests are gazing in aston-

message, around which a stream of light pours

Daniel, with outstretclied hand, strikingly depicted in

The compan\'

is

explaining

its

solemn purport.

down upon

The whole

the

hall,

while

scene has been

one of the Hebrew melodies of Byron.


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BKLSHAZZAK'S

IJiAST,


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DANIEL

THE

IN

DANIEL

Envy

in the hearts of the princes of

the elevation of a foreigner over

and

was he

faithful

his

in

So they persuaded the king of any

god or man save change

no

effected

tlie

the

in

them

high to

make

king,

VII.

Persia led to the scene here portrayed.

Displeased at

they sought means to overthrow him.

But so exact

all,

office,

LIONS' DEN.

that no colorable charge could be brought against him.

a decree that for thirty days no one should ask a petition

under pain of being

religious

habits

of

cast into the

Daniel.

He

den of

toward Jerusalem,

prayed

still

This decree

lions.

according to the words of Solomon at the dedication of the temple, If they pray unto the

Lord toward the (i

Kings

viii.

case

which thou hast chosen and the house that

44), just as he

He knew

cealment.

The

city

had been

in

have

I

who was much

to the king,

God

of this fact of

Once

not.

found

is

century a

this

encampment

at

established,

even the monarch cannot reverse

in the survival of a similar

king (Aga

Persian

vast

became

number

length,

of

was able

rather than man.

to our

own

having,

Medes and

A

it.

times.

on an

Persian,

curious illustration In

the former part

expedition,

fixed

his

a convenient place, published an edict not to remove until the snow should

What was

scarce.

men to

clearing

in

keep

Darius, and therefore sides

custom

Mahmed Khan)

But the snow was unusually slow

disappear from the neighboring mountains. supplies

at con-

displeased with himself, and labored hard to

release his faithful servant from the snare, but in vain, for the law of the altereth

name

for thy

made no attempt

the habit of doing, and

the risk that he ran, but deliberately chose to obey

was reported

built

his edict

he to do

?

To

away the snow and put

his

army

in melting,

and

escape from the difficulty he employed a that in

was

visible

motion.

No

from the camp, and

so, at

such escape was open to

Daniel was cast into the den, which was an excavation walled up

at the

and having a space on the exterior from which the animals could conveniently be seen.

The

result

is

shown

in

the picture.

The

king, mortified at his rashness and folly, spent the

night sleepless and fasting but Daniel was as well off as in his own house. The angel of the The couLord was with him and shut the lions' mouths, as he told the king in the morning. ;

rageous and faithful

harming a hair of

man was

his head.

vindicated in a mar\'elous manner, the ferocious wild beasts

His persecutors were consigned to the

But for them there was no interposition, no invisible power holding their bones

were broken ere they reached the bottom

fate in

not

they intended for him.

check the

lions,

but

all

of the den.


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DANIEL

IN

THE

LIONS' DEN.


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THE PROPHET AMOS. AMOS

Somewhere about 800 lous

monarch under

came forward,

to

whom

speak

e.g.,

during the long reign of Jeroboam H., the able but unscrupU'

the apostate

in

the

VII.

I.,

name

kingdom

Israel attained

of

of Jehovah, a

man who

its

highest prosperity, there

neither by descent nor training

While he

belonged to the prophetic order, but was simply one of the herdmen of Tekoah. occupied himself with the care of his

flocks, the

countryman bore the divine message even

to those

call

who

Lord reached him, and the

of the

contrary, his shepherd

life

prophets do

we

abundance.

Not merely

find rustic

seems to have been of special

style

originality,

numerous comparisons, but the minute

lines

else

a

On

the

among

the

or thought.

Nowhere

service.

images given with such vividness, and

his

But while

sat in the seat of kings.

so to speak, there are no traces of inferiority in

child of nature,

plain

and inexhaustible

of

conception and

expression indicate one whose chief familiarity has been with the great picture-book of nature.

Accordingly the illustration exhibits him leaning upon his tation, with his

form brought into strong

relief

and rapt

against a brilliant sky.

and desolate, save the cluster of stunted cactus the outlines of a city's walls and towers.

staff,

at the

The prophet

left,

is

in

profound medi-

Around him

while afar

off

are

all

is

waste

dimly traced

alone in his silent intercourse with

God


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JONAH CALLING NINEVEH TO REPENTANCE. JONAH

The

prophet mentioned here

is

III.

generally considered to have been contemporary with the

one represented on the [^receding page, but his mission was widely only his countrymen, but Jonah was sent to a heathen people

He

long line of Jewish prophets.

in the

is

—a

Amos

different.

which he stands alone

fact in

prepared for his work

in

addressed

a marvelous way.

Flee-

ing by sea to escape the presence of the Lord and avoid an unwelcome duty, the ship in which

he took passage

lowed by a huge

upon the dry explicit

and on the third day, having been miraculously preserved, he

fish,

The simple

land.

deny

Jonah went

to

at ninety

included parks, and gardens,

prophet began to enter the one piercing cry, in

it

of the

;

xvi. 4),

swal-

vomited

is

abundantly established by the

and whoever denies

fields,

and deliver

Yet

whole.

It

all

this miracle

may

the capitals of the ancient world, and

was very

large,

English miles, while later investigators

and

his

forty clays

and people, and

is

cattle,

the circumference being

make

within

greater.

it still

vast

its

It

The

limits.

His utterance was very short but weighty,

message.

and Nineveh

shall

the act of speaking before a mixed crowd,

Opposite the speaker

trition.

39-41

Nineveh, the most magnificent of

reckoned by Niebulir

him

xii.

is

is

the others in Scripture.

all

therefore a fitting representative

sents

verity of these statements

teaching of our Lord (Matt.

just as well

There he

saved from wreck only by his being cast into the sea.

is

be overthrown.

who

listen

The

artist

repre-

with awe and apparent con-

a huge winged bull with the head of a man, while behind him

are stretched out lofty piles of building with finely-carved colonnades rising one above another.

The

cry was

re-echoed from street to street and square to square, until at

The whole people became convinced

the king on his throne of state.

vious history of the

prophet (Luke

mation of his divine mission the

announcement

ingly,

the

30) was regarded as

evidence that the

doom might be fast,

Everywhere was sackcloth and ashes

new

life.

The

result

The

ruin of

tical

proof that he was the

— the

Nineveh was postponed

for a

century.

of the heathen also,

They

cry of the

his

so

—a

The

truth.

pre-

miraculous confir-

Accord-

throne to the beasts of

and the endeavor

and revoked

God gave

and could prepare

reached

interpreted the fact of

penitent,

their repentance

And

its

it

averted by repentance.

from the king on

was that God accepted

God

a sign

the nation acted accordingly.

they proclaimed a rigid and universal

stall.

after a

as an

— and

xi.

of

last

to

his

his decree.

people a prac-

for himself,

even among

them, a people for his possession.


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J

I

r ^

r^

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1

1 LI

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DANIEL CONFOUNDING THE PRIESTS OF

In the Latin Vulgate the

Book

always been rejected by the Jews. internal evidence

of being a

never was practiced

And

in

that

Daniel has a fourteenth chapter, containing the Historj-

of

Bel and the Dragon.

of the Destruction of

is

of

The

;

O

thou canst not say that he

king,

lumps thereof Daniel It

here.

and

I

I

said, is

in

The

;

this

shall slay this

he

is

pitch,

put

in

is

my

God,

:

and

fat,

and

hair,

for he

Lo, he liveth

is

The king

is

the

Tlien said

me

But give I

give thee

and did seethe them together, and made the

dragon burst asunder

:

and

explosion has taken place, demolishing the brazen

The background

And

he eateth and

said,

the act of uttering this triumphant exclamation that the prophet

wondering consternation.

;

the living God.

staff.

dragon's mouth, and so

Lo, these are the gods ye worship

Babylon worshiped.

of

therefore worship him.

dragon without sword or

the

or Chaldee, and has

and the narrative furnishes

fable,

of brass?

no living god

worship the Lord

will

Then Daniel took

leave.

a

same place was a great dragon, which they

Daniel unto the king, leave,

as

it

Hebrew

story set forth in the picture runs thus:

king said unto Daniel, Wilt thou also say that this drinketh

not extant in

by attributing to Bab)lon the worship of animals, which

that country.

in

This

Jerome spoke

fiction

BEL.

idol,

is

n presented

and the people look on

in

occupied with buildings exhibiting the architec-

ture of the time, especially the lofty columns with the peculiar capitals and the Assyrian

archi-

trave above.


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DANIEL CONFOUNDING THE PRIESTS OF

BET.


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HELIODORUS PUNISHED 3

Heliodorus was the treasurer

of

MACCABEES

THE TEMPLE.

IN III.

Seleucus Philopator, and was sent by him to carry away

He

the private treasures deposited, for safe keeping, in the temple at Jerusalem.

came

to

Holy

the

City,

But as he was about

to

and no entreaties of the put

it

into

appeared a horse with a terrible other young fell

men

stood, one on

suddenly to the ground,

priests

could divert him from his purpose.

execution, he was stayed

rider,

clad in

either side,

armor

There

by a great apparition.

of gold, rushing

and scourged him with sore

compassed with great darkness,

ward restored by the intercession

accordingly

upon him, while two stripes.

and speechless.

of the high-priest, Onias, and,

Heliodorus

He was

after-

on returning to the king, bore

witness of the inviolable majesty of the temple.

The

incident has furnished

composition before us rider, is finely life.

is

Raphael with the subject of one of

every way worthy of

its

author.

his great pictures

The winged

drawn, and the figures of the two youths with scourges

The countenance

of his attendants

of the fallen leader expresses anguish

on either

side, with the prostrate

bodies

in

and

;

but the

horse, with his avenging in their

terror,

hands, are

full

of

and the fleeing forms

the foreground, complete the con

sternation of the scene.


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HELIODORUS PUNISHED

IN

THE TEMPLE.


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THE NATIVITY. LUKE

A is

FAMou.s prophecy of Isaiah

given, and his

name

shall

(ix.

II.,

7-20.

6) begins thus

:

Unto

us a child

Son

with of

human ferent

Thus

us.

God.

is

announced the transcendent truth

Theophanies, that

form, had often occurred :

distinct, the

of godliness

deepest great.

is

in

and the great

attention,

A

child

every knee shall

The gathered

picture in

great sight.

person

is

is

fact in

especially

in

the

Old Testament.

human

in

human the

history.

charming

form

of

its

—the

pas/,

c.

Incarnation of the

But here

is

specifically dif-

such a union that, while the natures are

occurrence. in

a

representation of the

of the

something

that

This it

The

manger

;

the great mystery

is

has always awakened the contrast

is

yet that child

inconceivably is

he to

whom

confess.

adoration and surprise, the shepherds

The appearance

of revelation

No wonder

born to obscure parents, and laid

a

name should be Immanuel,

but one, and so continues forever.

bow and every tongue is

Another

occasional and temporary appearances of a divine being in

the combination of the divine and

and remain

born, unto us a son

be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God.

sage of the same prophet speaks of one virgin-born, whose

God

is

mother and

child,

around

who were summoned by an angel

whom

are

to see this

apartment, and the presence of the animals, suggest the

affecting circumstances under which the infant

Redeemer was

first

shown


to

men.

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THE STAR

IN

MATTHEW

The

first

visitors

of

the

THE II.,

EAST.

I-I2.

Jesus were the shepherds

infant

who watched

Bethlehem, but the next were persons of a very different social position.

their flocks near

They were wise men

from the East, Persian magi, men of high rank and influence, the depositaries of nearly

knowledge and science and,

bowing the knee

They came from

of their time.

to the

babe, offered their choice

their distant

home

all

the

to the lowly cradle,

Their coming was not a mere

gifts.

aimless marvel, but a type of the long procession of divers tribes and tongues which ever since

has been continuously pressing to the Saviour's

But how came

they?

What guided them

adapted to their character and habits. they detected a new orb, which

appearance on the earth.

feet.

long journey?

their

attracted their attention as

And

A

divine intimation

Once, while they were scanning the nightly heavens,

They connected

Judea should rule the world.

in

this with the

if

it

were

significant of

some new

wide-spread tradition that one born

so they set forth to find

him and do him homage.

in

When

they reached the Holy Land the stranger in the heavens reappeared, and guided them to the spot.

The

picture gives the stately procession

the sky the luminous body which

The

on, while before

them gleams

in

their guide.

is

star

That

moving slowly

was so beautiful, large and

all

clear,

the other stars of the sky

Became

a white mist in the atmosphere.

And by

this they

knew

t ha t t he

coming was near '

Of

the Prince foretold in the pru|)necy.


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THIC STAR IN

THE

EAST.


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THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT. MATTHEW

It

was predicted

fillment

13-15.

II.,

of the Saviour that he should be despised

prophecy began while he lay a babe

of the

and rejected of men.-

the cradle.

in

The

The

suspicious Herod,

ful-

who

then ruled the kingdom of Judea, was ready to take any step to remove a presumed competitor for his throne.

But a divine interposition baffled

received from

an angel of the Lord the direction,

mother and

flee

into

foreign country entirely

point being not ited

reasons

beyond the reach

more than

si.xty

of

miles from

art

and

Joseph, the just man,

cruelty.

Arise and take the young child and his

why Egypt was chosen

are obvious.

was not very

that in the reign of

it

Bethlehem.

was, moreover, extensively

It

The

flight

present picture

soil,

far off, the nearest

it

exile.

inhab-

They

which, for a time, rivaled the true sanc-

Here, therefore, Joseph would find himself

enjoy as many privileges as

was a

Ptolemy Philadelphus the Scriptures were translated

Greek, and a temple was built on Egyptian

tuary at Jerusalem.

It

Herod, and yet

by Jews, through successive migrations from the time of the Babylonian

became so numerous into

The

Egypt.

his

was possible

for a

jew

in exile to

among

his

countrymen, and

have.

has been a favorite theme with artists for centuries, but the conception of the is

quite equal to the pathos and tender interest of the incident.


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THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS. MATTHEW

are

Here

II,,

16-18.

what have been not improperly called the

first

martyrs for Jesus.

When Herod

found that the wise men mocked him he resorted to a cruel expedient to secure himself against

any

He

rival.

many

but as

denied

its

toward

his

It

Near

But

and blood-thirsty.

harsh,

dren

possibility.

in

is

own

not at

all

As to

from

rather lived in higher

liliss.

is

— probably,

— not

merely the- babes,

considering the size of the

The deed seems

keeping with

therefore, to

God.

to proclaim him, the

scene

full

Bethlehem

so

some have

revolting that

He

Herod's character.

vil-

was

jealous,

never spared age or sex on other occasions, and was so severe

strange,

have prevented them

The

in

of age

children that Augustus Cesar said

the sword, near

had angels

the male children in

number.

in is

it

He

a country village.

to

all

more than two years

as were not

about eighteen or twenty

lage,

son.

sent and destroyed

the

it

was better

that he should

little

be Herod's hog than his

order the death of a score of

said,

testify,

Blessed

infants

He who,

details of the masterly picture will

who

at

his

birth,

and the Magi to worship him, could surely

dying had he not known that they died not

a painful one, but to tliose

chil-

ones themselves, to them applies the old motto,

Augustine

heavens to

to

in

that death,

but

can conquer this feeling, the groups and other

repay attentive study.


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JESUS QUESTIONING THE DOCTORS. LUKE

II.,

41-51.

all

that

portrayed is remarkable as being the only one recorded of The rest of the interval is covered by occurred between our Lord's infancy and his maturit}-.

The

incident here

The

the general statement that he was subject to his parents.

loseph and

wa)-.

On

twelve years old. city,

in

Mary had taken

[esus with

them

exception occurred in a peculiar

to the Passover at Jerusalem,

when he was

him from the company, and went back to the

their return they missed

where, after long search, they found him occupied as the illustration represents, sitting

the midst of the doctors, both hearing

Surely

it

was a strange spectacle

a

:

them and asking them questions. mere

speaking with such gravity and modesty as

many apartments tomed

of the temple,

profound and far-reaching significance about his Father's business the precocity was natural

The

picture

is

;

— an

admirable

the central figure standing,

and

filled

surrounded by aged and learned men, yet

them with astonishment

where the great teachers

ingenuous

to gather, behold an

lad

stripling,

who

The boy

his divine mission

like Hillel

In

one of the

and Shammai were accus-

not simply listens, but puts inquiries of

feels

that he

makes

itself

is

in

his

Father's house and

conscious to his soul.

In him

appropriate intimation of what was to come. in

composition and expression.

when Luke

says that he

'Tis a pity that the artist has put

sat.


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I'l'ljl'


W{

JESU-j

yUrslIONING THt DOClORb


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jESUS HEALING THE SICK. MATTHEW

The

illustration

The

Consolator.

and

all

manner

is

no mean

disease

scend the reality

humanity in its

lack

is

in

heir.

is

among

unable or unwilling to relieve.

23.

rival to the celebrated

pleasing theme

of

IV.,

the gracious

Son

There

is

of

No

the people.

work

of

Man

Ary

healing

all

manner

case was presented to

lays his

hand upon the head

all

of sickness

him which he was

no danger that the most imaginative

gathering around the healer representatives of

Here the Saviour

Schaeffer, entitled Christus

artist

the varied

ills

will

to

of an emaciated child

tran-

which borne

mother's arms, while above another mother carries a lad whose vacant face indicates the of reason,

and below a

sick

man

a cripple presses forward to touch the

other some friend

holds up the

lies

hem

stretched on the ground. of the

head of one

At the

foot of the picture

Saviour's garment, on one side, and on the

from

whom

the breath seems on the point of

departing.

These miracles

of

mercy carrying comfort and peace

to so

many

hearts and households, are

only type of that grace which heals the yet deeper maladies of the soul, and gives assurance of a higher world, where the inhabitant never says,

1

am

sick,

and the days

of

mourning are

forever ended.


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J?:SUS

HEALING THE

SICK.


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THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. MATTHEW

This discourse

well

is

the topics treated give to

known

v.,

I,

2.

as the longest recorded utterance of our Lord.

a peculiar authority and importance.

it

It is

This fact and

a popular and

effective

statement of the nature of the kingdom of heaven, which |esus came to set up, and which he

had said was

just at

that subject, and,

hand

in

and

;

contrast,

theology or an ethical code,

to

it

is

attracted the admiration of men.

most apt

overlook,

to

between these guide

human

is

and

it

main purpose

its

a

action than

all

Kurun

to

correct the

And

truth.

so,

errors which prevailed on

without being a system of

of divine knowledge, which, in every age, has

begins with beatitudes

ends with a warning which

a series of statements which

upon the

classes

none can afford

whom men

are

despise

and

to

;

have done more to elevate human thought and

other teachings put together. its

delivery a

hill

on the western shore of the lake of Gali-

Hattm,'' from two horn-like heights which

between them, on which

Teacher

the

compendium

It

Tradition assigns as the place of lee called

forth

set

is

there are grassy slopes for the

sat as represented in the plate,

and uttered

his

rise

sixty feet above the

hearers to stand.

plain

Here the Great

wondrous discourse.


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SERATON ON THE MOUNT.


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JESUS BLESSING CHILDREN. MARK

The than

X .,

whole Gospel scarcely records a more one described here.

the

1 3-1 6.

typical

or characteristic

In heathenism children

have no rights whatever.

times the power of the parent was absolute and irresponsible. ofi''spring

to

feature of our

It

was lawful

In classic

to expose one's

abandonment and death, and philosophers deemed such a course even

worthy when the

was either deformed or weakly, and therefore gave

child

being useful to the

Lord

little

praise-

promise

ol

state.

Nothing even looking

in

such a direction can be found

in

life

was sedulously guarded, and an

its

existence without receiving the token of God's everlasting covenant.

infant

was not allowed

Human

Mosaic economy.

the

to enter

upon the second week Yet when

of

our

in

Lord's days infants were brought to him for his blessing, the disciples rebuked the parents.

They thought

that

it

was below the Master's dignity

they were doing him honor tlie

record runs that he was

with itself,

their

cold,

in

to

deal

with babes, and supposed that

keeping away such youthful candidates for his blessing.

much

displeased

at their

haughty, and unfeeling views.

He

He

officiousness.

But

had no sympathy

recognized the worth of each infant

in

as well as the instinctive yearnings of the parental heart.

Hence him from

resulted the scene graphicall}' depicted in the illustration. e\'ery

quarter

:

some borne

in

arms, others on their

own

The

little

feet,

ones come to

while the disciples

stand by, with grave and displeased looks, over against the eager and happy mothers rejoice

to

receive for their children

the benediction of the great prophet.

hearts have been comforted by his cheering words, Suffer of such

is

the

kingdom

tants of heaven

will

of heaven.

No

be found to be of

eighteen centuries ago

is

little

children to

How

who

man}' aching

come unto me,

for

doubt a very large proportion of the glorified inhabithis

class.

The Saviour who

ready to do the like now, for he

is

the

same

blessed the

little

yesterday, to-day,

ones

and

forever.


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lESUS BLESSING CKILURFN.


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CHRIST STILLING THE TEMPEST. MATTHEW

The Lake

of Galilee lies in

its

VIII.,

23-27.

deep bed among the

hills

usually as

smooth as

a mirror, but

when sudden storms lash the waters into a furious tempest. On the eastern ravines and gorges, down which the winds tliat sweep over the vast table-lands of

there are times side there are

the

Hauran pour with

On

waves.

incredible force, and the result

storm arose, awake him. themselves.

slept,

nor did even

rebuked them

When wave

after

wave broke over the deck and

for their imbelieving fears

Both obeyed him

The calm

The

Vv'as

rain,

the wind as

at once.

;

how could it

it

it

seemed as

Lord save us

;

we

if

of the

first

when

But the disciples were alarmed, as indeed they had reason

Then he turned and rebuked still.

At

sea.

tumult of the wind and

tlie

soon go down, they came and aroused him with the words,

be

commotion

a most dangerous

one occasion, during such a storm, our Lord was crossing the

water was calm and our Lord

left to

is

the the

to be.

if

they must

perish.

He

the ship go to wreck that carried Jesus

?

had been a living power, and bade the angry sea

Not only

did the

wind cease

to blow, but

its

effects also.

great and immediate.

illu.jtration vividl)-

portrays the striking scene

:

the dark

night, the

dashing waves, the

rocking vessel, the astonished faces of the disciples, and the calm unmoved figure of holds winds and waves

in

Him who

the hollow of His hand.


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THE DUMB MAN POSSESSED MATTHEW

It was written the tongue of the tration

of

IX.,

32.

old (Isaiah xxxv., 6), in reference to

dumb

should sing.

A

tlie

times of the Messiah, that then

fulfillment of this prediction

is

But the poor unfortunate was not a mute by birth or by

here.

session of an evil spirit, and therefore the

more hopeless.

the subject of the disease, but

But the Being to

whom

brought the demoniac was one who had the same power over the world of exerted upon the various forms of disease. cast out the evil spirit,

The

artist

is

against the misery of a

his

spirits

With

him.

by the pos-

a

friends

which he

word he

and then the dumb spake.

relieved against a clear sky, and the calm

human

soul

subdued by

sent the imploring earnestness of the is

for

has chosen to put the occurrence at a place where a castellated

three slender palms,

th e m irac le

Nothing was too hard

illus-

accomplished which

a foul

fiend

hill,

with two or

beauty of nature stands over

from the

pit.

The

figures repre-

mute, and the inquiring gaze of the spectators, before

made the

multitudes

marvel and glorify

God who had

given such power unto men,


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THE DUMB MAN

POSSESSED,


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CHRIST IN THE SYNAGOGUE. MATTHEW

The

scene

is

XIII., 54.

the place of assembly in Christ's

from the time of the Captivity.

own

city,

Capernaum.

Such meetings date

Their main purpose was for the public reading of the law, with

which, of course, prayers were joined, and usually an opportunity for exhortation was offered to

whoever would

the land.

Jesus

avail himself of

appears

always

On

others speaking the word. ing,

to

They

It

seemed

refused to believe

his sisters, ings.

?

to

in

joined in

men were

astonished, and asked,

They knew

him.

to

his father

Sodom

to

heed.

in

the

Hence

Day

and

his

all

over

silence,

in

at

or rather was teach-

was so pure,

It

Whence

hath this

receive

its

man

author.

mother, and his brothers and

admit that a prophet could issue from such lowly surround-

So they could see and hear him speaking

for the land of

worship, sometimes

them something supernatural, yet they did not

and were unwilling

and yet be unwilling

this

His teaching produced a deep impression.

implying a continuous habit.

wisdom

have

Lord there were synagogues

the occasion referred to here he taught,

so fresh, so genial, so original, that this

In the time of our

it.

of

his

as

shown

in

the picture, as never

solemn declaration that

Judgment than

for

Capernaum.


it

man

spake,

should be more tolerable (Matt,

xi.,

24.)

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THE DISCIPLES PLUCKING CORN ON THE SABBATH. MARK

The

11.,

23-28.

scene gives a vivid illustration of the cold,

governed

our

Lord's

through the grain

countrymen.

fields

rigid,

They observed

narrow, superstitious formalism which

the

Master, with

not because

belong to them, but because they violated holy time.

The law

on the Sabbath, and when the

disciples

came under the

their puerile extravagance.

ana

childish regulations.

On It is

prohibition

what did not

Nor was

of

extreme specimen of

this a solitary or

the contrary, there were scores and scores of just such pedantic

no wonder, therefore, that our Lord's principal statements con-

well as by reason and the nature of things.

it

they took

forbade plowing and grinding

follies,

necessity and mercy on the holy day were always authorized by the

course

walking

rubbed the ears of grain together they did a species

cerning the Sabbath were directed against their superstitious

for the Sabbath.

disciples,

on the Sabbath day, and the latter plucking some of the ripe grain.

Immediately they brought a charge of transgression,

grinding, and so

his

The Sabbath

is

a means,

showing that works

Old Testament

For the Sabbath was made

and when a means defeats

for

its

itself,

of as

man, and not man

own avowed end

of

ceases to have validity, and not only may, but must, be disregarded.


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JESUS WALKING ON THE WATER. MARK

VI., 47-52.

Jesus had sent the disciples across the lake, while he dismissed the crowds

So

fed b}' miracle.

that

when even was come they were on

As they rowed, however,

land.

and caught their

vessel.

It

was the

last

morning, and the weary boatmen had been though the whole distance to be rowed was only Jesus was not with them to

still

the lake from the

watch of the night, between three and

hills

six

the

around,

o'clock in

toiling at their oars since the night before, but

the

wa3^

the sea, while he was alone on

down on

a sudden squall struck

who had been

six miles,

they had made but two-thirds of the

the wind, and their

own

strength and

skill

had availed

little.

But suddenly close to the boat they saw, through the gleam of the water and the

broken

light

were

of the stars, a

affriglited, for

they supposed that

tered or superstitious.

poses

to

human form on it

was a

shrink from close contact with the world of

moment. voice tive

:

of

which the

good artist

cheer,

it

is

something

in

disciples'

men which makes them terror

was only

for the

noise of winds and waves the words of a well-known

be not afraid.

I,

is

tremble at the sight of what he sup-

But the

spirits.

Presently they heard above the

Be

will

There

other world.

outcry, for they

This was not because they were unlet-

spirit.

The most courageous man

be a being from the

At once there was an

the sea.

It

is

apparently this juncture

in

the narra-

has taken for his sketch, which well suggests the cheering Saviour, the rag-

ing sea, and the storm-tossed boat. Jesu, Deliverer

Come thou

to

my

Soothe thou

Over

life's

me

voyaging

sea

Thou, when the storm of death Roars sweeping by. Whisper, '

Peace

O

Truth of Truth It is

I

I

'


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ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM.

CHRIST'S

MARK

XL,

This picture represents an unexampled scene he had entered Jerusalem on foot and royal state, preceded and

comes

in

Nor

this accidental.

is

While yet

in

of

at a distance

his disciples

our Lord's

foal,

who rend

from the holy

in

9), as

as a Prince of

Messiah, to

a king;

city, as

spreading their garments

proclaim

himself the

enter the

previous occasions

Here, however, he

he was approaching from of his disciples, and,

the animal and set forth around the southern

The

ix.

all

the air with exulting shouts.

belonging, no doubt, to one

branches of the trees and strewing them before him.

(Zech.

On

life.

the most unpretending manner.

when the commission was obeyed, he mounted some

in

followed by crowds

Bethany, he sent for a she-ass with her

slope of Olivet,

i-io.

holy

not indeed politically, or

city,

in rivalry

in

the way, others cutting

down

design was thus once publicly to

accordance with ancient prophecy with the existing government, but

Peace, without arms, or trophies, or trains of captives.

Men

should see him

openly assuming the appearance and claims of the Christ of God, so that misconception would

be no longer possible.

He

therefore

favor, but accepted freely the loud

The

artist

made no attempt

to

check the popular feeling

in

his

and frequent hosannahs.

has evidently caught the spirit of the scene, and the varied postures and gestures

of the attendant

crowd well convey the enthusiasm

of the occasion.


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CHRIST'S

ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM.


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JESUS AND THE TRIBUTE MONEY. MARK

Here

is

13-17.

the result of an artful attempt to embroil the

The Jews were

the unwilling subjects of the

tain persons to

him

tribute

XII.,

to ask, as sincere

money exacted by

Roman

and anxious

Caesar, or not.

If

power.

inquirers,

Master with the

civil authorities.

So our Lord's enemies sent whether

he answered that

it

it

was

were lawful

lawful, he

cer-

to give the

would offend

the ultra-national party

among

other hand, he said

was wrong, he would draw down upon him the wrath of the Roman

Danger

rulers.

it

the people, and appear to side with their oppressors.

lay on either hand,

If,

on the

and extrication seemed impossible.

Yet the plot utterly miscarried. Our Lord perceived the hypocrisy and malice which prompted the question, and answered accordingly. He directed a coin to be brought, and then asked them whose image and superscription

whereupon he that

are

said,

God's.

To

it

bore.

Render unto Caesar the things that this

no reply was

are

was, of course, Caesar's;

Caesar's,

The engraving

possible.

between the serene countenance of Jesus and the

whom

The answer

sinister looks

and

to

God

displays the

the things

fine

of the hypocritical

contrast

tempters

he thus foiled to their exceedine astonishment.


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THE WIDOW'S MARK

In

one

of the

fore-courts

of

the

MITE.

XII, 41-44.

temple was the treasury,

sat opposite the

their

gifts.

place,

Many

and bestowed only

On

dropped.

and observed the constant stream of persons rich

of these

gold

in

who were

two mites, which make a farthing,

gift

to

widow hath

they did cast

all

her living.

cast

of their

in

The grounds

She might have given one

In the

it.

her daily income.

A

more

in

;

than

all

is

casting in

her timid,

ostentatiously open-

words which have made the widow's

Verily

I

say unto you

For

they which have cast into the treasury.

but she of her want did cast in

of the divine

classes

all

illustration

who

the Gospel has been preached.

abundance

of the

of

but one poor widow came the whole gift being so small that

express

in the rear is uttering the

known and remembered wherever

that this poor all

our Lord

one occasion our Lord

silver,

shrinking form stands in strong contrast with the complacent Jew

And

the

and

cast

Western nations have no coin minute enough

ing his purse.

received

There were numerous chests with

offerings of the people for the support of public worship.

trumpet-shaped openings, into which the money was

where were

commendation are

all

that she had, even

distinctly specified

two mites, but she gave both

— doubtless

person so poor as the widow would necessarih'

live

— she gave

the entire

all.

amount

cf

Irom hand to mouth,

and possess no capital except what she received from one source or another day after day.

Her

piety and liberality are

cost her so

much.

Imperfect

shown

in

the fact that she gave to the temple treasury what

men managed

the funds, and often they were

they were for the glory of God, and she proposed to do what she could. it

was a great

praise.

sacrifice to her,

and required very considerable

self-denial,

applied

Small as the

;

gift

but

was

and hence our Lord's

People often talk of giving their mites when they do not even approach the widow's

generosity, for they give of their abundance and afterward have of her

ill

want and had nothino;

left.

The

enough

to spare

;

but she gave

next meal's victuals was to be earned.


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DAUGHTER OF

RAISING OF THE

LUKE

On

and only

his first

visit to

VIII.,

JAIRUS.

41-56.

Gadara, east of the Sea of Galilee, our Lord was entreated by

the people to withdraw, which he did

;

but no sooner

had he returned to his own city than he found the crowd eagerly waiting to receive him, and among them one anxious and heartstricken

man, Jairus, a ruler of the synagogue, whose daughter lay dying, and who besought

our Saviour with

all

the passion of a father's love, to save his child.

the Mas ter, and the case of the suffering

touched

faith the

in

hem

of

his

garment,

that ere he had reached the house news

was

over.

to him.

The

Be not

The crowd had

alread}'

father, therefore,

afraid,

unwilling to face him, yet stooped and

and so was healed,

came

that the

was bidden not

young

girl

to trouble the

retarded his

movements

had breathed her

Master farther

;

last

and

their pitiful cries

So he dismissed them

wrought with a word the wondrous

in

the East,

and lamentations, but the noise and confusion was not

John, with the father and the mother of the

girl,

restoration.

all,

entered the room where the body

The

is

seen

arise.

bowed

His voice recalled the departed in

spirit,

speechless agony over the couch

in

and taking only Peter, James and

illustration

represents

and

lay,

him laying

hand upon the maiden's brow, but the Gospel says that he took her by the hand and Maid,

all

but Jesus said

and friends that always throng to a chamber of death

keeping with our Lord's purpose.

so

;

only believe.

of relatives

begun

woman who,

But the crowd hung round

his

said,

and the anguished mother whose form

received

her daughter

alive

and

in

full

health.


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fj :^\ '

.^K*v$

\

\

-

\

^-

A

^

'^

,

/ ^'

sr* /

-_' I

'

RAISING OF THE DAUGHTER OF JAIRUS.


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THE GOOD SAMARITAN. LUKE

The

X., 2(^-37.

road from Jerusalem to Jerichu leads through a wild and desolate ravine, which

Lord's time was notorious for being- infested with robbers, as for people to travel alone.

ing

of

his

A

parables.

It is

So

lonely road to Jericho, a priest, and after

lilni

Levite,

a

selfish

office,

Master

that, the

who saw

the

a story of a

tells

left half

no dealings tliis

(John

was Jewish

He

his aid.

He

raiment and half dead.

acted as well as

felt.

He

the

9) with

territory,

distress, but

He

Jews.

and that a case of

brought him to an with the charge,

might have

distress

like this

He

sort.

asked no questions, but at once went to

spared no pains or expense

in

befriending the helpless his

own

beast,

took care of him, and on departing the next day, gave the host money

inn,

Take

they

Samaritan,

another, a

Stranger as he was, he went to him. bound up his wounds, set him on

man.

Both

relief.

But he did nothing of the

should be cared for by the countrymen of the sufferer. his

Presently there came along

dead.

Then came

iv.

Jewish

traveling on the

Jew who,

ought to have been ready to help a case of

belonging to a race which had

saw a man stripped of

neighbor? apparently

wounded man, but gave him no

or too unfeeling to turn out of the way.

excused himself by saying that

my

is

accordance with the narrow prejudices of the

in

was robbed and beaten, and

were men who, from their were too

from

Who

lawyer had asked.

self-righteous

far

even to-day a dangerous road

is

here that the Saviour laid the scene of one of the most touch-

supposing that the answer would be nation at that time.

it

in our

care of him, and whatsoever thou spendest more,

when

I

come again

I

will repa}- thee.

The

illustration exhibits

the generous

Samaritan guiding the horse and keeping poised

in

the saddle the poor sufferer.

No not to

finer expression

be restricted to

question to be asked aid

is.

is

to

sacrifice, in

those

who

in

any one race or Is

any class,

All

but

men admire

is

the

said at the close of the parable.

money and time and

trouble,

to

be world-wide If

?

Go

every

man all

thou and do likewise.

and there may be

much happier than

so,

in its

good Samaritan, but

are aided, but the duty remains the same.

performed, this world would be

genuine charity.

literature of the nature of

there real distress, real need

according to his means.

what the Saviour

be found

If

it

little

The

sweep. is

bound

It is

only

to render

do not remember It

may

entail self-

or no return in gratitude from

were universally or even generally

it is.


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ARRIVAL OF THE SAMARITAN AT THE

The

parable

is

so movino- and

Three hours from Jerusalem there rest

and refreshment.

It

the

fully lifting

to

receive him,

worthy of kindness.

to a building of the

man whom he was

victim of the robbers

off

his

and a female figure looks on

ful provision

meets

has been

all

same

from

kind,

The

helping.

beast, while the

incidents are given.

its

if

artist

not on the same spot, represents him care-

host with outspread arms waits

The

balustrade above

the

mind the thoroughness

illustration as bringing vividly before the

He

illustrations of

stands a khan by the roadside, where travelers stop for

still

was doubtless

that the Samaritan conveyed the

two

instructive that

INN.

of

the

incident

is

Samaritan's

the wants of the case, and does not leave the sufferer until every need-

made

for him.

He

beheld

Bound Set

his

him on

l ie

poor man's need,

wounds, and with his

own good

all

spee

1

steed,

.\nd brought him to the irn.

When

our Judge shall reappear,

ThinKest thou

this

man

will

hear

Wherefore didst thou interfere ^Vith

No

what concerned not thee

?

the words of Christ will run,

Whatsoever thou hast done

To

this

poor and suffering one.

That

hast thou

done to me


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ARRI\'.VL

OF THE SAMARITAN AT THE

INiJ.


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THE PRODIGAL LUKE

The

SON.

XV., 11-32.

picture gives the closing scene of wliat has been called the pearl

containing the very heart of the Gospel and stating

and pathos

ness, grace

wanders

off

from

his

wholly unequaled

is

the Scripture or out of

sinks so low as to

become what was situation he was

riotous

in

of

all

to get the husks,

or rather pods of the carob tree, which are usually fed

this painful

While thus distressed

times are eaten by the very poor.

the abundance that prevailed in the happy

home he had

at a

he came

yet a great prodigal,

way

and

this

It is

off his father

lavish

for the past or

He

was not allowed

set out, but

to

fulfill

saw him, and without waiting ran

to

to swine,

himself,

at

made

last

he

and some-

and recalled

a hired servant

his purpose.

where

While he was

once to receive the returning

of his compassionate love, without a

upon him every token

At

living.

Forthwith he resolved to return

left.

with confession of his shame and unworthiness, and ask even to be

he once had been a son.

wayward son

offensive to a things most loss for food, and was glad

Jew, a swineherd.

in

A

it.

and Yet even

comes

one

a narrative, which for simplicity, vivid-

house and squanders his means

father's

to utter want,

in

in

it

of the parables,

word

of reproof

even admonition for the present.

meeting which

stands

before us

with bowed

head, t he father clasping

heaven, the

servants hurrying

from

him all

in

the

illustration.

to his heart with a face

directions to

the

place,

The poor upturned

outcast, kneeling

in

thanksgiving to

and the dogs barking their

welcome.

The from

parable

his

is

father's

so plain that

its

meaning cannot be mistaken.

The

sinner, a voluntary exile

house, his sin leading to want and suffering, at last delusions swept away, the

sense of guilt and unworthiness aroused, the humble confession, and the returning steps home-

ward than

;

then the exceeding grace of

we

penitent

are to in

ask, ready

to

God

bestow a

anticipating the uttered petition, full

to give

and immediate forgiveness and to reinstate the

the position he had so recklessly abandoned.

age have been comforted by

more ready

this affecting exhibition of

How many

distressed souls in every

Divine compassion


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Xilh I'RODIUAL SO.N.


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LAZARUS AND THE RICH MAN. LUKE

The

XVI.

leading features of this parable are familiar to every reader of Scripture.

When

dressed in costly robes and lived in splendid luxury. stately funeral, but

hand there

beyond the grave he

lay at his gates a

longed to be fed with what

beggar

lifted

rich

seem, had only a poor and hasty interment

bosom, that

is,

a place of rest, safety, and

The whole range particular. is

The

of

fiction

is

;

being

He,

man's table.

Not

fidelity,

man was ments.

the beggar, and

off

a hint of this kind

cruel or harsh,

All^that

better uses to be

we

much

are told

made

is

given

less that

that

is

so complete and

a contrast

except

in

one point where there

the narrative.

It

his selfish did,

The

in this direction

he simply lived

One

to

to

condemns the

way

in

He knew

himself.

servant

is

consume

it

in

sensual

that there were

flesh

he could easily

and blood that ruined him.

down heaven's

He

pleasures.

and had no concern whether Lazarus lived or

but what he failed to do that drew

thing depends upon the

an addition

he was an habitual violator of any of the ten command-

unconcern for others of the same

Scripture nowhere

is

the warning with a does not appear that the rich

within sight a fellow being in a wretched condition whose wants

he took no steps

The scene

which took place on earth.

in

every

striking in

another as ready to enforce

money than simply

of

would

it

bliss.

illustration exhibits the first stage, that

represented as warning

the other

too, died, and, as

not warranted by the evangelists, and mars the teaching of the parable.

scourge.

he

On

in torments.

but his soul was carried by angels to Abraham's

hardly presents

portrayed with great liveliness and

that

his eyes

he died he was honored with a

sores which the dogs licked, and so abject that he

full of

from the

fell

up

Dives was

It

But

relieve.

died.

had

It

was

was not what

displeasure.

rich as sinners or praises the

which men conduct themselves


in their

poor as

saints.

Every-

varying circumstances.

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THE PHARISEE AND THE PUBLICAN. LUKE

The but

great trouble with the people of our Lord's day was not the quantity of their religion,

They were

the Pharisees.

but

all

was

own

their

They were very

qualit)-.

its

cold,

religious; that

the body of

is,

excellence, and looked with

Two men went

up

the people as represented by

Men were

is

finely

To meet

contempt upon others.

expressed

to the temple to pray.

the illustration before

in

simply a

recital

edgment

of sin

own

of his

merits.

and no supplication

accompanied with an uncharitable

And

his

set

reflection

so he stands in the plate, a picture

No

most dangerous condition. His case

sins.

is

And

for pardon.

m.an

is

us.

the case of a sick

God

petition,

no acknowl-

— or even as And

and pride.

such a hopeless state as he

who

this publican.

yet

is

he was

in

a

not sensible of

has no more pain because mortification has

in.

The

publican pursued a course exactly opposite.

He

near.

was a

smote upon

his heart in

He

He

token of contrition.

prayer, asking for a great spiritual blessing.

real

stood afar off as

It

if

offered a most

was an humble prayer,

me

to

And

offer.

He

the sinner.

claim.

lie felt

merciful

And

the

word he uses

is

/.

me

a sinner,

was a great

that he

so he asks for mercy,

to

t\,

the

to

draw

becoming prayer.

own

Unlike

pressing wants.

or rather, according to

sinner, with

bestowment

unworthy

was a personal prayer.

the Pharisee he had nothing to say about other people, but expressed his It

was not

His prayer was

tithes.

and no

upon a brother sinner

man who

that he

the proud profession of excellence was

of self-satisfaction in

Saviour

this case, the

One, the Pharisee, thanked

contained no confession

It

directions;

up with a sense of

puffed

other men, and recited the number of hi s fasts and the extent of his

as

many

punctilious in devout observances, and laborious in

dry and formal, a body without a soul.

uttered the parable which

It

XVIII, 9-14.

the original,

no excuse to make, no pleas to

of that

to

which

in

himself he has no

one that implies a reference to propitiation as the ground of

confidence.

The ing e\'er

by is.

exalted.

result his

act

He

was

in

accordance with the character of the prayers.

The

of worship.

that

Humility

exalteth is

publican,

himself shall

among

the

first

The

on the contrary, went home

Pharisee took noth-

justified.

And

so

it

be abased, and he that humbleth himself shall be

and foremost graces of the Christian character.


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WOMAN OF

JESUS AND THE

JOHN

Among

known from extreme

Sychar, filled

the few ancient sites in

Palestine which are

his

water, as

is

way

the custom for

entered into conversation her the

livino-

As he

women

city, to tell

at

noon

to

be visited and

its

of

water tasted.

rested, while his disciples

went

upon the well-curb there came a woman

To

country to this day.

who was

to the

to

draw

her great surprise our Lord

life.

Afterward he shewed that he knew

not her husband, and proclaimed himself to her

The woman was

so impressed that she left her water-pot

When

what she had heard.

who gave up

and who revealed

his

his mission

own

the disciples returned they were aston-

They

failed to see

rest for the sake of teaching the

even to a

illustration presents the scene with grace it

still

is

him conversing with a woman, and that woman a Samaritan.

of an alien race,

the well

is

with her, asking her to give him to drink, and then offering to give

the tender grace of their Lord,

but as

determined

Although neglected, and sometimes

it

water that springeth up unto everlasting

and went to the

The

sat

in that

Messiah who was to come.

ished to find

day

to Galilee, one

her previous history as living with one as the

certainly

antiquity as Jacob's Well.

neighboring city to buy bread.

is,

IV., 1-30.

up by the ignorant Mohammedans around,

Here our Saviour, on

SAMARIA.

woman

and power.

doubtless was in the days of our Lord's

flesh.

daughter

that was a sinner.

The

well

is

given, not as

The touching

story

it

now

is still full

Buggestiveness. Sweet was the hour,

At Sychar's

When Thy

O

Lord, to thee

lonely well,

a poor outcast heard thee there great salvation

tell.

And, Lord, to us, as vile as she,

Thy

gracious

That mystery

At Jacob's

lips

have told

of love, revealed well of old.


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AND THE WOMAN OF SAMARIA


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AND THE WOMAN TAKEN

JESUS

JOHN

The genuineness ceded by most

of

critical

passage

this

scholars that

which

Gospel has long been questioned.

was not a part

of the

original writing, but

some way became incorporated with the

apostolical

tradition,

certainly a

most appropriate and

it

VIII., 3-II.

in John's it

ADULTERY.

IN

in

much

significant record, so

like

a genuine

is

In

text.

con-

itself

it

is

our Saviour's method that

could hardly have been invented.

Men brought

to

him a

fallen

what was to be done with

woman whose

her, saying

Our Lord stooped down, and with not

— thus

the

expressing, in

ministration of justice.

his

sin

was manifest and undeniable, and asked him

commanded

that the law fingers wrote

gentlest way, that

was not

it

him

first

that such

upon the ground his

should be stoned.

though he heard them

as

duty to interfere with the ad-

But, determined to entrap him, they continued their questions, where-

He

cast a stone at her.

He

upon he arose and administered a pungent rebuke,

that

woman

did not justify the

is

without

sin

consciences

Did they themselves have clear then he resumed his writing upon the ground. ?

science,

The

went

out,

one by one, beginning

illustration

tells

the

story.

as

to

the

among

you,

let

or palliate her sins, but reminded

her accusers that they as witnesses were, by the law, to be the executioners. so

It is

Seventh

Could they be

Commandment

?

And

But they being convicted by their own coneven unto the

at the eldest

The crouching

penitent,

last.

imploring yet

shrinking,

the

scowling Pharisees, and the dignified Saviour with the marks on the ground where he wrote.

The

incident illustrates the

superhuman wisdom and grace of our Lord.

remembering how he had eaten with publicans and wash

his feet with her tears

and wipe them with her

sinners, hair,

His foes come,

and allowed a penitent harlot to

and they bring

this

case hoping to

induce him to say something that would either contradict the law of Moses or his Yet, so far from putting him to

poor woman, the thee.

It is

not

shame they were put

Lord dismisses her

my

in

province to act the

to

shame themselves.

the most becoming way. civil

she mitrht think that her offense was light or

own

words.

as

for the

And

Neither do

I

judge or to pronounce any sentence.

trivial,

he adds the words,


Go and

sin

condemn But

lest

no more.

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JESUS

AND THE WOMAN TAKEN

IN ADULTERV.


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THE RESURRECTION OF LAZARUS. JOHN

The

picture

is

XI.

quite true to archseology in representing the grave as a loculus or recess cut

in tlie side of a natural

Here

cave and closed by a huge stone fitted into a groove.

the slab

is

seen thrust aside, and the sheeted dead walking forth to the surprise of the beholders.

The

event

itself is

the third of the kind.

Before, our

Lord had raised up the daughter

Jairus soon after her death, and had resuscitated the only son of his funeral procession

had

lain

was on the way

the cemeter}'.

The whole

the tomb.

for days in

to

narrative

is

extremely touching.

believeth

believeth in

me

he were

me, though

in

shall

never die.

stir

;

Jesus

afterwards

dead, yet

Then he meets

I

shall

am

Coming

he

the other

And whosoever

live.

and groaning

sister,

with hers, and the Jews say, to the tomb he orders the stone to be rolled away.

believe in the great

Said

Then

I

tears

blessing she was to receive, and

not unto thee that

after a thanksgiving to

of the dead, Lazarus,

But what was

life

come to

if

and the miracle

itself

to the deliberate

in

in s pi rit at

:

he

and her

he loved him. Behold,

Even

remonstrated.

how

yet

Martha could not

But the answer came,

God?

Lord uttered the words which reached the

ears

and the miracle was accomplished.

forth,

was death to

Lazarus

known, the family was of so much

life

liveth

thou wouldst believe, thou shouldst see the glory of

his Father, the

away

when death

the resurrection and the

his

deep sorrow, mingles

is

meets Martha, and after receiving her implied

comforting words,

reproach, utters the sublime and that

He

at Nain, the

But here the case was that of one who

Perea when he hears of the sickness of Lazarus, but he does not has ensued he goes to the bereaved family.

mother when

of

social

his

benefactor.

The

parties

importance, the witnesses were so

was so astounding, that from that moment the enemies

and express determination that he must

the time and the opportunity, not at

all

as to the

fact.

For

The

die. in

were so well

many and of our

various,

Lord came

only question was as to

no other way, as they supposed,

state. could they save themselves and maintain the existing posture of affairs in church and


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MARY MAGDALENE. MARK

The

illustration presents the

Mary

who,

of

The

Magdala.

to

of

Galilean

his wants.

Herod

of

the

in

who were

moral

of these

Surely

Antipas.

it

is

no sense or degree a picture of

in

narrative.

support

cast

out by our

Nor

character.

is

an ecclesiastical

It

true

is

tradition

Mary was

that

But demoniacal possession

Lord.

there

is

anything

recorded of

women was

our

Lord on

the wife of an

important

persons would not have

such

later

his

chosen

journeys

ofificer

as

in

their

is

Mary which

She was a woman of position and means, and the head

women who accompanied

One

But

sin.

Scripture

of

countenances such a suspicion.

band

therefore a just delineation of a fallen

is

a sinner

possessed of seven devils,

impeachment

It

prevalent notion that she was

atom

which has not an

not an

character.

deep abasement, bewails her

in

g.

form of a broken-hearted penitent, bowing before a skull amid

surroundings of a somber and awful

woman

XVI,

of the

and ministered

the household of

one whose

leader

reputation had previously been tainted.

Mary's gratitude for her deliverance from demoniacal to the service of the

sepulcher.

And

with spices to

at

Master with singular

dawn

the early

embalm

that

affection.

of the

first

She was

sacred person which she had seen

ordinary love, to her was granted the a pity

that,

the

last at

memory

ages by being associated with

first

the cross and

first at

the

day of the week she went with her companions

death of Jesus did not impair her devoted attachment.

It is

possession led her to attach herself

And

Even

so cruelly treated.

as a fitting record

for

the

her extra-

sight of the risen Saviour.

of such an

eminent disciple should be tarnished

houses of refuge for the fallen

sex

of

been of the number.


her

as

if

for so

she

many

had ever

—

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THE LAST SUPPER. MATTHEW

This theme has often been treated by is

by copies

familiar

The

occasion.

at least to

Yet

all.

XXVI,

and the famous fresco of Leonardo

artists, is

the

26-29.

work

of

Dore quite worthy

of

at

Milan

him and

of the

Master's countenance, the youthful John on his right, and the blended eager-

ness and apprehension of the rest of the group, well befit the institution of that tender and

solemn sacrament which

is

to perpetuate the

memory

of

his

sacrificial

death

till

time shall be

no more. a characteristic

It is

betrayed, for the

them

and only a few hours before

comfort of

of

manifestation of the Saviour's love that the night in which

his

people

his

in instituting this

the bod)- given to death on

rite.

The broken bread was

Both elements together were a memorial of the one great

of

which guilt

expiated and pardon secured.

is

blessed

occupied himself with what would be

obey the dying command.

And

Each has been ready When And

hence

remind

rest

of

in all

sacrifice

by

ages believers have delighted to

to say

to t he c ro ss I turn

O Lamb I

to

the cross, and the poured out wine, of the blood shed for

the remission

sins.

passion, he

he was

mine eyes,

on Calvar)',

God,

my

must remember

sacrifice,

thee.


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THE AGONY

THE GARDEN.

IN

LUKE

On

the western slope of the

very venerable olive the

exact spot,

trees,

Mount

which

somewhere

but

is

of

called

in this

XXII.

OHves there is still shown an the Garden of Gethsemane.

vicinity

inclosure having It

may

or

may

some

not be

was the place consecrated by the passion

of

our Lord.

Here he bore the chastisement

On him

for a world's ransom.

the aggregated sorrows of the

widowed

collect the tears of

every

battle-field, the

Here he endured the

there rested at that hour a load

human

family, before

wives, and

and

travail of soul

of grief

compared with which

since, are nothing.

childless mothers,

required

Yes,

if

and forsaken orphans, the

we could cries

of

groans of every hospital, the shrieks of every torture-room, the unheard

sobs which have been stifled expression

of our peace.

— they would

in

the prison-house, and

be as nothing to the

single

all

those deeper agonies which never find

pang which wrung

his

heart

upon

that

awful night.

The

picture has given

face, but art has

no

was so great that

line

it

some

of

the lines of sinless sorrow which marred

the

long enough to sound that deep, deep sea to the bottom.

forced the

sweat like drops of blood

out

needed a white-winged angel from heaven to impart strength to

of every pore,

Redeemer's

The agony

and there was

his tottering bodily frame.


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THE AGONY

IN

THE GARDEN.


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PRAYER OF JESUS

IN

THE GARDEN OF

MATTHEW

When from

Then

sight.

a deeper shade

The

to pray.

three of

them

The prayer

wilt.

if

it

four pass in

is

remarkable for

be possible,

His human nature

overborne as he

He

the olive trees

recline on the ground, while

is

let

if

it

the

till

their forms are

Master presses on into

its

were possible the cup might pass from him. combination of earnestness and

this

slirinks

:

by the crushing

load, he submits

rouses them once and again, but

the captain of their salvation

is

nevertheless

cup pass from me from the unutterable agony and

repeated, and thrice the qualifying clause. ing.

among

and a remoter solitude, and there, not as the picture presents him, upright, but

prone on the ground, he prays that

Father,

XXVI., 36-45.

Jesus came to Gethsemane, he bade his disciples wait while he, takina; Peter, James,

and John, went forward lost

OLIVES.

made

to

not as

I

will,

;

yet

still,

Thrice the prayer

Meanwhile the three chosen companions are still

O my

but as thou

cries out for relief

his Father's will.

submission.

they sleep, sleep at that dread

is

sleep-

moment when

perfect through suffering.


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PRAYER OF

ji:sr:.

ix Tin: i:auii;.>:

of olives.


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THE BETRAYAL. LUKE

It

XXII.

was while our Lord was remonstrating with the

torches was seen

through

the

olive

trees

and the

disciples for their sloth that the glare of

noise

the approaching soldiers

of

heard.

Presently the whole band appeared, and Judas gave the appointed signal to the rest by going

up to the Master with the hypocritical salutation,

Hail,

and kissing him tenderly.*

Rabbi,

So was accomplished the most enormous wickedness the earth has

The enemies accomplish the people in

a

it,

if

of our

Lord were

since he had

they arrested him

price of a slave.

in

open

One

of

and paid him

offer,

determined upon

his death,

numerous friends and they were

most unexpected way.

accepted the

fully

own

disciples offered

for his crime the despicable

The wretched man

afraid of

how

but were at a loss

to

making an uproar among

But they were relieved from their embarrassment

da)-.

his

seen.

fulfilled

sum

to

betray him.

eagerly

of thirty pieces of silver

shown

his bargain, as

They

in

the

— the The

illustration.

only reproof he received from the Being whom he so cruelly injured was, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss ? The serene sorrow and dignified calm of the Saviour contrast finely

The

with the eager and excited look of his betrayer.

plain statements of Scripture

cate himself from the

away

to the

was actuated by any other

But he seems to have supposed that our Lord would

motive than avarice.

condemnation were

forbid the belief that Judas

hand

to

When

of his foes.

in

some way

he saw that this was not done, but that

be followed by crucifixion, remorse seized upon his

soul,

extri-

trial

and

and he hurried

temple to cast down his ill-gotten silver and proclaim the innocence of the man he

had betrayed.

This did not

who knew our Lord,

alter the result, but

to the fact that he

^'

This

is

the full

it

was without

meaning

of the

added

testimony to that of

his

all

others

sin.

word used

in

Mark

:


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CHRIST FAINTING UNDER THE CROSS. MARK

One

XV,,

21.

of the aggravations of crucifixion was that

instrument of humiliation.

his

torture to

the victim

the place of execution.

was compelled

Our Lord was

to

carry the

not spared this added

Faint with vigils of the preceding night, with the rudeness and insults of the

crowd and the

terrible

scourging, he

sank under the weight of his burden.

impatient, and seizing a foreign-born Jew, just

coming

in

The guard grew

from the country, compelled him

to

share the load.

The

finely-drawn illustration

reproduces with great force the fallen form of the Master and

the sturdy limbs of his involuntary companion.


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THE FLAGELLATION. MARK

XV.,

This painful picture represents a scene from sacred person of

the

Redeemer was

punishment which usually preceded endurance of the thorn-crowned

ened

subjected to the crucifixion.

He

sufferer.

one would

wiiich

brutal

The

fain

hide his eyes.

scourging of

artist *lias

well

Roman

The

lictors

represented the

—

meek

every stroke, but he murmured not, threat-

felt

not.

This in

15.

was but one item

infliction

view of

its

relation

Messiah, in Isaiah

to

(liii.\

it

a

said of

Lord's sufferings.

tremendous force the reverse

— the

the

upon

him, and with

his stripes

Iêter (1.

The heavy

Redeemer were

has peculiar interest to believers,

it

In the remarkable prediction of the suffering

long afterwards were quoted by the Apostle cause of our

Yet

series.

prophecy.

ancient is

in

ii.,

swung

rods

we

24), in in

the

are healed

setting forth the nature and air,

and coming down with

him torture and dishonor, but

to

chastisement which procures

—words which

their peace, the expiation

to his people just

that heals and saves

their souls.

What

thou,

AVas

my

all for

Lord, hast suffered

sinners' gain

:

Mine, mine, was the transgression,

But thine the deadly

Lo

here I

fall,

my

pain.

Saviour

'Tis I deserve thy place

Look on me with thy Vouchsafe to

me

:

:

favor,

thy grace.


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''

r'

/

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THE CRUCIFIXION. MATTHEW

Death by

the cross was the

very name of which, Cicero

Roman

said,

XXVII., 45-49.

most dreaded and shameful punishment of antiquity, one the should never come near the thoughts, the eyes, or

citizen, far less his person.

It

was wholly unknown to the Jews

heathenism, which had no compassion or reverence for nals.

Yet

this

was the death by which the Saviour

the midst between two highway robbers, as

Although men were so

indifferent

rocks were rent, the sun was hid.

motive of the picture. rne figure of our Lord.

It

to is

if

the

as man,

upon the worst

men was doomed

to die.

the scene. Nature was not. this

latter

The

if all

undiminished affection.

else forsook

Love

is

He hung

in

furnished

the

place, but a single sheet of lightning illumines

gloom are seen the mounted

him and

of crimi-

earth quaked, the

token of sympathy which

soldiers overseeing the tragedy,

while by the side of one of the rent rocks stand the veiled figures of the holy

determined, even

by

a cruelty inflicted

the worst of the three.

Darkness overhangs the

Amid

of

man

;

ears, of a

fled, to

women who were

stand by him to the last and to show their

strono- as death.


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CLOSE OF THE CRUCIFIXION. MATTHEW

Here scene

50-53.

the artist represents the effect of one of the miraculous features of this extraordinary

— the

Roman

XXVU.,

The

tremendous earthquake which rent the rocks and shook the whole mount.

guard, veterans

to cope with mortal

a well-fought

field,

ilee

in

dismay.

They

men, but powerless before a convulsion of nature.

merely the mounted men ing a place of

many

of

in

security.

around the foot of the

enough

are strong

The whole

array,

the foreground, but the troops in the rear, are in motion as

In

seek-

serene contrast with them are the female forms seen clustering

They

cross.

if

not

neither fainted nor went into hysterics, but calm and

controlled maintained their loving watch unto the end.

Not even

self-

the trembling earth nor the

cleaving rocks could shake their constancy, any more than could the crowd of taunting Jews

and rough Roman

The

soldiers.

fortitude of

woman, when restmg upon

faith

and

love,

is

quite

unconquerable.

Not she with

trait'rous kiss her

Saviour stung,

Not she denied him with unholy tongue

;

She, while apostles shrank, could danger brave.

Last

.It

his cross,

and

earliest at his grave.


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li

CLOSE OF

THE CRUCIFIXION,


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THE BURIAL OF JOHN

AccORDiXG by being

to prophecy, our

buried.

and three nights

As he [/.

e.,

of three days] in the influence

according to the

Pilate

alive.

wherein was never man yet

his

the

who now showed more

he had ever done when

rock.

A

40),

rich

body

disciple,

laid.

shows the

little

sacred body, and the devout

named Joseph

of Jesus, which

the

otherwise would have

been

same who had once come

in

the garden a

While our Lord

lived

to

when dead than new sepulcher

This was the property of Joseph, who had hewn

in

had

of Arimathea,

reverence and honor to our Lord

Near Calvary was a garden, and

own, and when he died he was buried plate

the Son of man should be three days

use of terms, one day and two nights or parts

In this Jesus was laid by his two friends.

The

to die, but to give full assurance of the fact

With him was joined Nicodemus,

treated with ignominy.

Jesus by night, and

to obtain

xii.,

Hebrew

heart of the earth.

enough with

XIX., 38-42.

Lord was not only

himself said (Matt,

JESUS.

it

out

in

the

he had no house of

another man's tomb.

procession, the two

men

reverently and

tenderly carrying the

women accompanying.


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THE BURIAL OF JESUS.


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THE ANGEL AT THE SEPULCHER. MAT.THEW

The

1-7.

with the

visit of

They came

sitting

the

over against the sepulcher.

same persons

to anoint his

The

body, and at

first

were perplexed to know how they could get the

But they were speedily relieved from their embarrassof an angel

of the

coming down from the abodes of glory, rolled away the stone from the door and He, of course, as an object of sight had a human form, but that form was

A

purity

brilliant

effect of this sight

Why?

dead men.

of

the

angel, saying,

here

:

It

for

was

he

is

feeling

Fear not ye risen, as

fitting

that

it.

beyond condazzling

on an outward manifestation to mortal eyes. They shook and became as

Because the consciousness of

same

upon

sat

upon the guards was overpowering. sin

paralyzes the strongest

were holy, the apparition of one from the unseen world would create no something

Lord, who,

The

supernatural brightness shone out in his person and his raiment.

of a heavenly state took

The

begins

record of his resurrection

There had been an earthquake caused by the descent

ception.

the

to the place of burial.

stone rolled away that secured the tomb.

ment.

Mary Magdalene and

record of our Lord's funeral ends with the statement that

Mary were

other

XXVIII.,

:

was

for

he said

:

I

awakened, but

know

it

fear.

was soon dispelled

that ye seek Jesus which

was

come, see the place where the Lord

b)'

arm. In

If

the

men

women

the voice of the

crucified.

He

is

not

lay.

an angel should be sent to annoimce an event of such transcendent im-

portance, the corner-stone of the Christian church, and of the civilization of eighteen centuries.


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THE JOURNEY TO EMMAUS. LUKE

XXIV.,

13-32.

Oppo.ser.s of the Christian system have often said that the resurrection of Christ

actual

event, but a hope which gradually

of the

group

our Lord to

On or

miles

when he

conversation

the assumption that the disciples expected

Jerusalem, and engaged

north-west of

A

After a natural

Jesus as a prophet and

of

these things were done.

Jesus was alive, and

expression of

Then occurred what as (not fools,

to

Emmaus,

a village seven

earnest discourse about the events

surprise at his apparent

condemnation and

his

Israel

;

crucifixion,

but, indeed, beside

Then they added

in fact

in

way

stranger overtook them and inquired into the subject of their con-

been he which should redeem

them

is

rose two of his disciples were on the

which had taken place. versation.

how unfounded

The

of a fact.

rise again.

the day

eight

picture shows

in this

assumed the appearance

was not an

that certain

all

saying, this,

ignorance, they spoke of

We

to-day

trusted

is

women had been

that

it

had

the

third day since

told

by angels that

they found his tomb empty, but him they saw not.

the illustration presents.

The

stranger,

who was

the Master, reproved

but) dull of understanding and slow to believe what the

prophets had

spoken, and he expounded to them the Scriptures concerning himself, beginning at Moses and

going through

all

the

prophets.

conceive the outward scene as

reproduce

ward

said.

the words

of

it

What is

a discourse that

here set forth

by the

must have been artist,

him who spake as never man spake?

but

who

Imagination can

of mortal

No wonder

that the

men

could

two

after-

Did not our heart burn within us while he talked by the way, and while he opened

to us the Scriptures

?


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THE ASCENSION. LUKE

Here

He

is

would show them,

as

far

as

took him to himself.

tlie fact

of his

chariots

of

lire.

disciples to the all,

50-53.

portrayed the wondrous miracle by which our Lord concluded his sojourn on earth.

would not simply vanish from

God

XXIV.,

it

tlie

Mount

he had done at times from his

be shown, that he returned from

could

His translation, therefore, was not

disappearance, nor was

On

disciples as

his

like

it

contrary, having

Enoch's,

a whirlwind with

Elijah's, in

given

like

earth

horses

heaven, that

of

fire

Master led

Olives as far as Bethany, and there in broad day and in

of

He

known only from

parting injunctions, the

his

to

foes.

full

and his

view of

he was taken up into heaven, and that in the act of pronouncing a blessing upon them.

The

illustration

gives the incident with great force and beauty.

form relieved against a clear sky, seems to power.

The group below

with ease as

float

it

is

The

Master's ascending

borne upward by an inherent

and admiration, and continue to gaze long

stand fixed in

wonder after a cloud has received

him out

of th eir sight.

He

is

we remain

gone, and

In this world of In

tlie

sin

and pain

void which he has

On

this earth of

We

have

We

can

still

still

him

his

his

Seek him both

:

left,

bereft.

work

to do,

path pursue

in friend

and

;

foe,

In ourselves his image show.


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Tin-

A,sCF,.\SlMi\.


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THE MARTYRDOM OF ACTS

The

long

of Stephen.

list

one of the

to be

first

band

by the Christian church begins with the name

who was

of deacons.

full of

and again as

Ghost,

a foreign-born Jew

STEPHEN.

VII., 54-60.

of bloody persecutions suffered

He was

ST.

He

is

early converted to the faith, and

spoken of as

to resist the

wisdom and the

spirit

him before the council on suborned charges Here, put upon his defense, the holy facts

Hebrew

of

history,

the temple as a part of

it,

and

of

man

stoned him.

martyr

it

should be

They, therefore, dragged

terrible

of the

ceremonial law and of

invective

of

the nation

as re-

His faithful utterance excited a burst of

hearers rushed upon him and cast him

does not and cannot convey.

a loud

Saviour for

disputed with him, but

out of the city and

This the picture represents with great animation, but the utterances of the dying

the Saviour, saying, cried with

who

delivered an eloquent speech, reciting the main

showing the temporary nature

his

of faith

blaspheming Moses and God.

and then concluding with a

and with one accord

birth,

by which he spoke.

bellious and unfaithful from the beginning until now.

wrath,

full

was chosen and of the Holy

and doing great wonders among the people.

grace and power,

His success excited the hostility of other Jews of foreign

were not able

''

whom

Lord

voice,

Jesus, receive

According to the inspired narrative, he called upon

my

the

and then again, with

Lord, lay not this sin to their

he died, and furnishing a

slain for

spirit;

word

of

God and

brilliant

charge,

example

for the testimony

for

his last

breath

— thus closely imitating all

those in

after times

he the

who

which they held.


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THE

-vr

\kT\

l^Dc)^r

of

st.

Stephen.


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SAUL'S CONVERSION. ACTS

The

Apostle Paul was the yountrest

himself, one

member

apostolic college, or, as he describes

of the

Yet he surpassed

born out of due time.

Such were

ness of his labors in the Gospel.

IX.

the rest in the extent and useful-

all

and acquired, such were

his gifts natural

his zeal,

energy, decision and courage, such his generosity, humility, faith and love, such his self-sacrifice

and devotion, that

candid observers consider him one of the greatest spirits of

all

Appointed to do a work self,

as

of

no other man ever

The

starting

Although

point

unequaled importance, he

did,

of

upon

his

his

fulfilled

contemporaries and upon

career,

conversion,

his

fully

is

like all other conversions in its essential features,

The

circumstances.

neither age nor sex

apostle

in

his

had

been

fiery zeal.

his

unwearied

an

it

all

time.

and impressed him-

succeeding generations. forth

set

the

in

Scripture.

was attended by very remarkable

and

Having made havoc

course,

all

of

unrelenting persecutor,

sparing

the church in Jerusalem, he set

out for Damascus to carry on his bloody work there, but he was strangely arrested on the way.

Suddenly

noon there shone around him a

at

exceeded that of the

meridian sun.

and there he heard the with

his

companions, he yet

spoke, learned that to return.

voice,

It

it

light

This, as

Saul, Saul,

the illustration shows, struck

why

distinguished

was Jesus of Nazareth.

from heaven, a supernatural splendor which

persecutest thou

me?

the words spoken, and

From

that

moment

him

to the earth

;

Prostrated as he was

inquiring his unbelief

who

it

was

that

departed never

was some days before he received baptism, but the voice of the Lord wrought

at once the total

and irreversible change.

He who

had gone forth from Jerusalem breathing

out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples,

entered

DamascTis an humbled, believ-

ing penitent.


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THE DELIVERANCE OF ACTS

Of

the impetuous

original

twelve.

Peter more

Yet nothing

is

in his

told us

XII., 3-19.

the

in

make

him

in

Two

was praying; and the deliverance took place

was roused from sleep by a bright

by

apostle, to

him

as

if

while

the

at

light

the whole were a

vision.

Peter

dungeon and the voice

of an

angel

fell

his

hands.

and followed the angel, although

the

city,

led

its

led

him

Then

the

seemed

it

straight through

own accord opened

before

whereupon the angel disappeared

by the angel as he passes down the stone steps into

by the moon, while the guards of

from'

his friends.

illustration depicts the apostle

The form and countenance

to

night

The heavenly messenger

in

who were

One

same moment the chains

mere

and Peter sought the society of

his

To

watched before the door,

the illustration.

in

they came to the iron gate, which of

till

the night dimly illumined

story of his rescue

But while they were watching, the church

illumining the

them, and then they found themselves at large

The

any other of the

Apostle James, but

slain the

of each quaternion

shown

as

direction, deliberately dressed himself

one ward after another

so striking as the

is

The king had

and the other two held Peter chained to their arms.

arise,

of

charge to four quaternions of soldiers,

relieve each other in guarding the prisoner.

him

Testament than

intending to bring him forth for execution after the Passover.

in prison,

sure of his victim he gave

bidding

New

previous history

from the hands of the cruel and impious Herod. he reserved Peter

PETER.

ST.

lie

around stretched out

in slumber.

Peter well express the vague astonishment he must have

felt at

unexpected and miraculous deliverance.


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PAUL AT EPHESUS. ACTS

Ephe.su.^, the

capital

of the

Roman

XIX., 17-20.

province of Asia, was distinguished not

famous temple of Diana, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, but magical

the

or

occult

arts

by which man proposes

to

lay

for

only for

its

its skill in

all

open the secrets of nature and

arm himself with supernatural powers. So far did this extend that Ephesian inscriptions became proverbial as a designation of written charms, amulets and These were

connected with

unintelligible

words are

ment.

King

Crffisus,

funeral pile

thrown

;

until

One

of

said of

the to

worship

on whose image

Lydia,

is

said

to

or

talismans.

mystical

and

to paper or parch-

have muttered some of these charms upon

and a story was told of a certain wrestler

his

Olympia who could not be over-

at

he was deprived of an Ephesian amulet about his ankle.

the effects of

the

preaching of the Gospel

Many

arts.

only renounced their trade, but gave up

its

Ephesus was

at

of the practitioners of

to

the true

magic and sorcery not

They

implements to destruction.

and

formulas

of

incantation.

They showed

these instead of selling them, as they might have done for a

amounted

expose

to

brought,

we

are

including not only the charms and amulets, but the large rolls or volumes

their books,

containing the rules

liave

certain

have been written and thence transferred

character of these false and deceitful

told,

Diana,

of

letters

many thousands

of do lla rs

—

all

books

in

their

sum which

sincerity

in

by burning

our currency would

ancient times being expensive, and

especially such as contained secrets or charms held in high estimation.

The

picture sets forth this triumpli of principle in a life-like way.

are bringing their once prized volumes and casting

encouraging the

sacrifice,

sanction to the maoical

and

near by

is

the

them

into the

magnificent

fire,

Men, one while

after another,

Paul stands above

temple whose goddess gave the

rites.


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PAUL MENACED BY THE JEWS. ACTS XXI,

The

illustration sets forth

which continued for years, and in

one of the at last

the native

incidents of

brought him

the temple, where he had a right to be,

ev'en than

first

31-36.

that

imprisonment of the apostle

when suddenly some foreign-born

it.

The whole

city

dragged out of the temple, and the tumultuous crowd were seeking to great danger,

the spot with

soldiers

could' not learn

commanded

when

the

commander

more

bitter

His presence made the

the true state of the case,

the apostle to be conveyed of the

was kill

stirred

him.

;

Paul was

His

life

was

of the garrison, learning of the disturbance, hastened to

and centurions.

was the violent pressure It is this

Jews,

was

Hebrews, raised a cry against him as one who opposed the law and was

profaning the holy place by bringing Gentiles into

in

He

Rome.

to stand before Csesar at

mob

stop beating Paul, but he

some crying one thing and some

into the castle, but wiien

maddened crowd

that he

they came to the

had to be borne of the

exciting scene which the picture portrays, presenting

in

So he

another.

stairs

such

soldiers.

broad contrast the chief

captain at the top. the struggling apostle, the resolute soldiers and the confused mass of Jews

pressing forward toward the object of their angry hate.


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îpiiiiiiiiii|nBiiiiii|ii|niii»(i(i|iiiiiiini|ii|iiniiis^5

PAUL MEXACED BY THE JEWS. http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biblia-ilustrada-gustave-dorepdf

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PAUL'S SHIPWRECK. ACTS

The

illustration represents the

XXVII..

43, 44.

concluding scene of the apostle's

last

recorded voyage

— that

Luke's account of this remarkable voyage is which he was carried a prisoner to Rome. characterized by a great fullness and exactness of nautical details, which the latest and most in

have only served to render more surprising

investigations

critical

conclusive as internal evidences of authenticity and genuineness.

themselves and

more

For fourteen days the

vessel

in

was driven up and down the Adriatic Sea, most of the time without the

During

stars.

this

anxious

period

Paul, the prisoner,

light of either sun or

was the calmest man on board.

encouraged the passengers and crew, foretold that they would be cast away on a certain but declared that no

aground, and

all

life

escaped,

should be

lost.

And

some by plunging

so

it

At

turned out.

into the sea, others

He

island,

they ran the ship

last

by trusting themselves to such

spars or fragments as they could seize. It

is

distance,

this

here

point which

hundred

as

if

and seventy-six

has chosen is

25),

ful

experience, this

such

a

variety

cast

to

souls.

upon the

Thrice

of

before

da)' in the

dangers and

shore, while

God

he had

deep

such

The

depict.

recognizing the goodness of

and once had been a night and a

xi.,

marked

artist

and there a passenger

ground with extended arm, two

the

a

;

in

helpless

Paul

hulk

lies

in

the

stands in the fore-

giving to him the lives of

suffered

shipwreck

(II. Corin.

but never had he had such an event-

wondrous deliverance

in

the

end, as

voyage.


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PAUL'S SHlFWRbC.


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DEATH ON THE PALE HORSE. REVELATION

The

VI.,

8.

Apocalypse have been the subject of many and varied interpretations, but

seals of the

What

the tenor of this one, the fourth, scarcely admits of any doubt. horse,

/.

c,

one of pallid or

of dissolution.

The

or famine, but the

rider

King

livid

— not any particular form

of Terrors himself.

No

description

he appear with any emblem, as sword or spear or bow. conceive the form of the destroyer as tends to sublimity.

Attending him

is

it

will,

v.,

;

and there

of death, such as war, pestilence,

given of his person, nor does

is

Imagination has is

all

possible scope to

just that degree of obscurity which

Hell (or rather Hades, the abode of the dead), ready to

gather up the slain out measure

hue which indicates the approach

color, the peculiar greenish

was Death

the seer saw was a pale

that personified abyss which enlargeth — and men's glory and multitude and their

itself

their

and openeth

pomp descend

its

mouth with-

into

it

(Isaiah

14).

This striking symbol has often employed the pencil of the justice.

The

piece

is

full

of action.

Amid

M. Dore has done

artist.

the shades of night

we

see the

it

headlong horse

with terrible nostrils and neck clothed with thunder, the fierce rider with his resistless scythe,

and behind, the array

of

demoniac figures rushing eagerly on

their prey.


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DEATH

ON

THK

VAI.V.

HORSE.


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w^^


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