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n mdness equilibium is estblished but it msks tht equilibium beneth the cloud of of illu sion beneth feigned disode the igo of the chitectue is conceled bene t h the cunning ngement of the disodeed violences -Michel oucult Mad ness ad C v vzato zaton n
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Cinegm not fixed unique o even e eted object but combition (of objects o Cinegm spces A nottion of imges nd movements Witing in movement Discontinuous con tinuous Mdness would hen be wod in pepetul discodnce with itself nd inteogtive thoughout o tht it would question its own possibility possibility nd theefoe the possibility of the lnguge tht would contin it thus it would ques question tion lnguge itself since the ltte lso belongs to the gme of lnguge -Muice Blnchot he wold fo us hs become infinite mening tht we cnnot efuse it the possibility to lend itself to n infinity of intepettions -Nietszche e Gai Savor I. CNEGRAM FOLI
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n mdness equilibium is estblished but it msks tht equilibium beneth the cloud of of illu sion beneth feigned disode the igo of the chitectue is conceled bene t h the cunning ngement of the disodeed violences -Michel oucult Mad ness ad C v vzato zaton n
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Cinegm not fixed unique o even e eted object but combition (of objects o Cinegm spces A nottion of imges nd movements Witing in movement Discontinuous con tinuous Mdness would hen be wod in pepetul discodnce with itself nd inteogtive thoughout o tht it would question its own possibility possibility nd theefoe the possibility of the lnguge tht would contin it thus it would ques question tion lnguge itself since the ltte lso belongs to the gme of lnguge -Muice Blnchot he wold fo us hs become infinite mening tht we cnnot efuse it the possibility to lend itself to n infinity of intepettions -Nietszche e Gai Savor I. CNEGRAM FOLI
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PAN O PARS WTH SES O "RADS PROJS AN XIS PARKS
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Th comition comition for th Parc Parc d a Vi ltt was organzd y rnch Govr nmnt i n 1 982 s ocvs wr oh o mark h vsion o an ra and o ac uon h fuur conomc and culural dvomnt dvomnt o a ky ara ara i n Pars As with othr G rands Pros, Pros, " s uch as Ora Ora at Basl, h ouvr Pyramd or th Arch a t-Dfns, h Parc d a Vilt was h cntr of numrous omics, firs at tm o comtion whn andsca dsgnrs vontly oosd h calngs of arcitcts, n during govrnmnal cangs and various gnra udgt udgt ary crss Parc d a Vltt is locad on on of h as rmaning arg ss in Paris a 25-acr xans rvousy occud y th cra saughr ouss and suad on th Northas cornr of Cy, wn Mtro statons Port d Pantn and Por d la Vil Ovr on komr ong in on drcton and svn hundrd mrs n othr a Vl aars as a muli rogrammac id, contanng n additon o h ark, a arg Musum of Scnc and ndustry, a City o Musc a Grand Hal or xiitons and a rock concrt hal Ds s nam, h ark as dsgnad n th comton was o no sml landsca rlic a. On con rary ri ri or is ran Park for t 2s Cnt u ry" d v os a com x rogram of cuura and ntranmn acs ncomassing on air hars, rstau rans, ar galris music and aining worksos, laygrounds, vdo and comutr disays, as wl as h ogaory gardns wr culural invnton rar an natura rcraion, was ncouragd. oc of th comion was o slc a chf archct who would ovrs th masran masran and aso uld t t strucuri ng " mnts o ark Arists, a ndsca dsgnrs and othr archcs archcs wr o conriu a vary vary of gardns or udng s n Marc Marc 1 98 98,, Brnard Tschumi, a 9-yar od rnc-Swiss arcic living in Nw York, was slctd slc td y an inr naonal u ry rom ovr 7 70 0 tams tams from from 70 coun rs rs i s wnn wnn in g schm ad n concvd as a larg mtrooan vnur, drvd from h dsuncions and dssoc ations of our i m t attmtd attmtd to roos a nw uran istc stratgy y art artcu cu lati ng concs suc suc as as surmosion surmosion archcural comnaon comnaon and ci nmac" landscas. Tsc Tscum um dscr dsc rd d t t Park as th args disconin disconin uous ui dng i n t t word schum i s cu rrnly comng comng h $ $0 0 mli on first has of a Vitt As o o lat lat 1 987 nary alf o th Park is u ndr construcon construcon i ncud ing 1 5 of 5 5 olies ar of th covrd gal lris h rdg rdg and sgmns of th ci nmtic romnad of gardns Svra gardns y ndvdua ndvdua dsgnrs ar u ndr way wh fuur uldin g roct roctss ar und r consdra consdraon on . his ook assmls assmls in o n vou m a fw ky documnts from from nary 000 drawngs and 70 mod s laorad laorad ovr th as as hr yars yars aso rsnts a or ortca tcall nrodu con and svral xts wrtn during dvomnt stags of roct, incudng xracts rom comiton ror, th fasily sudy, and roct dscritons Aor ook y Brnard Tschumi, L Cse Vide (o (oo o V, Arctc Arctcural ural Assocaion Assocaion , 1 986) xands th Park's conct yond s uil has and ncluds a maor ssay oint d o Mantnan Arcctur, y Jacqus Drrda, as wl as a conriuion y Anhony Vdlr and an nrvw y Alvin Boyarsky. Also, a ucaion ntld PVille Villette ( (d d Cham Valo Valo n 1 987 987)) ustr ustrat atss contriuions contriuions
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LAURO A LA VLL, LAN,
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rvero, past Eve nd Adm's rm sweve sh bend f bay brngs s by a mmds vs an Hh and Envrn. Sir Trm ler dm cvu he sh had pr reaed (C 0Mh r n s de e sra sthms E r t Wldergt h sat nr had tpwyers y he m On exggead el to L uenCoy's gorO!whie eywn doublin h i mmp
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a he m : nor vo from re llowd msh e mh e to uff th rick: not yet ough venissoon f r, had a Idsd bunded a bland old c no y t hough ' ( i vasy, we sosie sher wroh wh [one handj. Rot
k pa alt had Jhem r Shen arlght nd r nd t w t n n he aq al babadalghghmmnonnbrnnr nntnnthnnrarhnawnkwnthrdhr nk!) n wUst ldp reed ely n nd aer n le dwn hrgh all hrsn mnsrl sy The ga U e all ened a sh shr n he pjhe Fnnn e sld man hmpYhhd hl ppy nds qng n t e wes n qt hs mpymt: nd her pp nndpae s t th t n wh ges have n ld t s pn he gn sn de nst lved lvvy
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When cono nte wth an rbani stc ogram, an achtect may either a) esig n a mastey constcton an nsire architect al geste (a comostion); b) take what exsts, l i n the g as, comlete the text, scbbe i n the ma gi ns (a comement) c) econstrct what exsts by crtcaly anayzng the historcal layers that recee it, even aing other layers eive om elsewherefrom other cties othe arks (a aimsest) ) seach o an ntermearyan abstract system to meiate between the site (as wel as al gven constrants) an s ome other concet, beyon city o og am (a meiaton) Dring the Parc e a Vilette cometiton, thoght ha been gven to emoying as a methoo ogy ether the alimsest or the abstact meiaton . The comositon an comlement wee rejecte otrght, the one for its sbscition to ol architecta myths, the othe o its imiting rag matsm Yet the alimsest (whch ha been exo e n the 1 976 Sceenplys) was not se, or ts nevtaby figratve or reresentatonal comonents wee ncomatibe wth the comexty o the ogammatic techncal an otica constants that co be oeseen rhemore the object of the cometton was both to select a chef archtect who wo be n charge o the master lan as wel as of constcton of the aks key elements an to sggest, coornate an servse ossibe contibtions by other artsts, anscae esigners an archtects The nmero s n knowns govenin g the geneal econom ic an eologcal context sg geste that mc h of the chie archi tects role wo een on a stategy o s bsttti on t was cea that the eements of the rogam were nterchangeable an that bgets an roi ties col be atere even revese, at east ove the corse o one geneaton Hence the concen enforce by ecent eveloments n h ilo sohy art an l iteratre, that the ark roose a strong concetal framework whle smltaneosly sggestng mltile combi natons an sbstittons One a co relace another or a bi ng 's ogram b e revse chang ng (to se an acta examle) fom restarant to garenng cente to ats woksho n ths manner, the aks ientity col be maintane, while the circmstantial logcs of state o n stittona olitics co se ther wn ineenent scenari Moreover, o objective was aso to act on a strategy of fferences: f other esgners wee to intervene , the r ojects' erence from the oles or ivegence from the contnity of the cnematic romenae wo become the conton of thei r contrbtons The general crcm stances of the roect then , were to n an organzng strctre that col exist neenent of se, a stcte withot center or herarchy a strctre that wo negate the smstic assmton of a casal eation ship between a program and the resulting archtecture.
Recorse to the ont gr as an organzi ng strct e was hary withot receent he con
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eay ex e e was se as e oga o a oec vovg a oze co os y ee ses o a e se oo s Cove Gare Te esecos o a oace srvey g ecae e ocaos o eac arceca erveo eey accoo ag a eerogeeos seeco o gs rog e egla sacg o o s Moreove (a eas oe oay) e o g coe as a meaor ewee wo aly excsve syses o wos a soes ewee e eray roga (Joyces ook) a e aceca ex e e o way aeme o recoce e sares reslg o e seoso o oe ex o aoe; avoe syess ecoragg, sea e . PENES
977
oosed an d oen con cng lo gcs o he dieren systems . nd eed the astracon o the grid as an organzng devce suggesed he disuncon eween an archiectura signiier and s og raatc sig nied , eween sace and the use that s ade o t he on grd ecame the ool o an aroach hat argued, agans unconas doctnes hat hee s no cause-and eec relaions hi etween the two ems o oga and archiectu e Beyond such ersona recedents the oin grd was aso one o he ew modes o saia organizaton ha vigorousy ressed the stam o he ndvd a auho r: ts hi stoical mu licy made it a sign without oig in, an mage whout i s image or inaug uatng mak Neverthe less he grd's seral reetons and seeming anonymiy made i a aradgmac 20thcenury orm And us as it ressed the humans clam o auhorshi, so oosed he closue o idea coosons and geoetrc dsosons. hrough its eguar and eetve markings the g rd dened a oenally nne ed o ons o inensity an incoee, nine exenson lackng cener or hearchy he gr d he n, resented he roec eam wh a seres o dynamc oositons. We had to desgn a ar k the grd was ant-naure We had o uli l a nume o unctons the gid was antunctio na We had to e reasts the g rid was astrac. We had to resect he ocal con ex he grd was an-conexua We had to e senstve o sie oun dares he grd was ni nte. We had to ake into accoun oitica and economic in deeinaton he gi d was determnae We had o acknowedge garden recedens the g rid had no oig in it oened ono an endless ecession no rio mages and eare sgns
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should e noed tha he on grd o La Vlee coud us as wel have aken he orm o a random di strution o oi nts h roug hout he ste On y or stategi c, ather than concetual reasons was he regu ar ont gd selected t is aso imorant to recal ha he on gd o Foles (the syste o ons) constutes ony one o the roect's comonents; the syse o ines" and the system o suraces" ae as undaena as the syse o ons ach reresens a deren and autonomous sysem (a ex), whose suemositon on anoth r makes imosse any comositon aintaning derences and reusing ascendency o any rvleged syse or org ani zng eleen Ahou gh each s deermned y the archect as suect, when one system is sueimosed on another the suectthe achectis eased Whie one oec tha the sae archect contnues h s conto li ng authoity y stagng the suerimo ion (and hence hat he ark remans he roduc o his ndvidual intentons) he cometon equrements rov ded a means to reatvize he resence o such a asendi ng suect y siulatng as in any lagescale uran roec ha ohe roessionas nervene Anoher ayer anoher system coud then e interosed aong the ecedng hree ayers n the o o occasion a consructions uxaosed o seveal Foles or o exerimenta gardens y dieren desig ners n sered no he sequences o the cneaic romenade Such u xtao sions would e successu only insoar as hey ineced dscordan noes into the syste, hence reinorc in g a secc asec o the Park theoy he ncie o heeogeneityo mu li le dissociaed and nherenly conronaional elemensis aed a dsruing he smooh coheence and reassuring saility o comosion, rooting instaility and rogamatic ad ness (a olie) Ohe existng constructons (e.g the Museum o Scence and nd usry the Grande ale) add urher o the caculated discontnuy
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To the noton o coositon whch mes a reading o uransm on he asis o he pl the a Vette roect susttutes an idea coaae o ontage (which resuoses autonoous as or ragments) ilm anaoges are convenient snce the world o he cnema was he rs to intoduce dscontnuiya segened world in which each agment maintains s own ndeendence herey ermiting a ulicty o conaion s n il each rame (o hoo g ram) s aced n contnuous movemen nscrii ng moveen hr oug h the aid succession o hotog ams co nstues the ci negam he Park s a seres o cnegrams each o which s ased on a recse se o achectonc sata or ogramatc transoraio ns Conti gu ity and suemostio n o cnegras are wo asecs o montage Montage, as a ech nque, nc ludes such ohe devces as eetion , i nve son, susiuon and nserton. hese devces sugges an art o ruture, wherey in venton esides n conraseven n contradcton
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s he Parc de a Vilete a ut theory or a theoreica uid ng Can the ragmatism o ui d in g ractce e aed wih th e analyic rgor o conces An earer seres o roecs ushed as Th·e Mhtt scpts (Acadey diionsSt Mains Pess 98) was aied a achieving a disaceen o coveniona architecura caegores through a heorecal arg umen a Vllee was the uil extensi on o a comarale mehod was ieled y the desre o move rom ue mathematcs to alied ahea
research expand ed i i nsofar as he very rea econo ic, po ltcal and ech ncal consrans of the opeai on deanded an eve ncreasi ng sha pen ng of he theorecal argu enaton : the poject becae bee as dic uti es in ceased But esticted t in sofar as a V lete had o be buil the intention was never eely o pubsh books o oun exhbions the inalty of each drawng was buldng" except n the book entled L Cse Vide there wee no theoetcal drawngs for La Vllee However, the Parc de l a Vllee pojec had a specic a: to pove tha t was possble to con sruct a copex archiecual organzaton whout esoing to radona ues of coposion, heachy , an d orde. Th e pincple of supeiposition o th ee autonoous systes of ponts, lines and surfaces was deveoped by eecing the totalizng synhess of objectve consrants eviden n he ajory of argescale projecs n fac, f hsorica ly architecu e has aways been defned as he haonous synhess" of cost, stuctue use and ora consraints ( venustas fi ias, uil itas") , he Pak becae achiecture agans itsef: a di s-integraton Ou ais wee to dispace the tadiona opposition between poga and achtectue, and to extend questonng of other architectura convenions though opeatons of superposition, peuaon and subsuion o achieve a eversal of he cassica oppostons and a general dsplaceen of he syste " as Jacques errda has writen, n anoher context n Mges Above al, the projec dreced an attack against cause and effect elatonships whehe between for and uncion, stucure and econoics o (o couse) for and poga, eplac ing hese oposiio ns by new concepts of conigu ity and superposion econstuctng" a given pogra ean showng tha he pogra coud chalenge he very deo ogy iplied And deconstuctng achecue nvolved dsantling s convenions, using concepts deived boh fo achecture and fo esewheeo cnea, ieary citcs and other dscp i nes or f the ls between dieent doain s o tho ugh t have g ad ual y in the past wenty years the sae phenoenon applies o achiecture, whch now enetans eaions wth cnea phlosophy and psychoanayss (o ce ony a few eaples) n an neexuay sub versve of ode rn ist auonoy Bu s above all the hsoca spl beween architecue and s heoy ha s eoded by he pincples o deconsruction. t s no by ch ance hat he dfeent syses of the a k neg ate one another as they are supe posed on the ste. Mu h of y eal ier heoetcal wok had q uestioned the very dea o stuc tu e, pa al eln g conteporary research on liteary texts One of the goals at a Vlee was o pusue ths nvestgation of the concep of stuctue as expressed n the espect ve fors of the pon gid, he coodnate axes (coveed galeies) and he ando curve" (cineatc proenade) Su peiposng these autonoous and copetely og ica stucues eant ques ion ng thei conceptua status as ordeng achnes the superipostion o thee coheent srucures can neve resul in a supecoheren egasructue bu in soehing undecidabe soeh in g hat s the oppose o a oality hi s devce had been exploed fo 1 976 onwards n he Mnhttn nscipts whee the ovelappng of abstact a nd guatve eeens (based on absrac achectonc tansoaions as uch as on figuaive ext racs o the seected site coincided with a oe genea expoaton of he ideas o pogra scenario and sequence he ndependenc e of he thee supeposed stuctues hu s avoded a l attepts o hoogenze he Park ino a totaty e ii nated the presup io n of a pe-estabi shed causalty between poga architectu e and sig nficaio n oeove, he ark reected conext encouaging ineexua ity an d the dispersio n of eanin g subveted context: a Vi ete is anicontextua t has no elaton to its suou nd in gs s pan su bves he very noion o bodes on which conex depends
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The ac de a Vlette poect thus can be seen to encouage conct over synthesis, fagen taio n ove uny adness and play ove caefu anageen. subverts a nuber of deals tha wee sacosanct to the Moden peiod and in ths anne it can be aled to a specifc vsion o posodenty But the poect takes ssue with a patc u a peise o achectue naely ts obsession with presence with he dea o a eaning ianent n achectua stuctures and os whch di ecs is sign iying capacity The lates esurgence of this yth has been the ecupeaton, by achects of eanng, sybo, coding and double codng," n an ececic oveent einscen of the ong radion of evvaliss and syboliss appeaing th roug hout hi story hi s achitectu a postodeni s contavenes he eadin g evi den in othe doains, whee postodens invoves an assaut on eaning o, oe pe cisely, a reection of a wel-deined signfed ha guaantees he auhenticity o he wok of a To dsante eanng, showng that i s never ransparen bu socialy produced, was a key obectve n a new critcal appoach tha questoned the huans assup ions of style n stead , architectu a postoden s oppo sed the stye o the Mode n Moveent, oferng as an atenative anothe, ore paatabe stye ts nostalgic p ursuit o coheence, which i g nores odays socia potica and cutua dissociatons s equenty the avatar of a partculay con sevave achecura eu The a Vilete proect, n contras, aeps o dislocate and deregulae eaning reectng the syboic epetoy o achectue as a efuge of huans thought o today the te pak (li e architecure science or eaure) has ost its univesa meaning no long e efes to a fixed absoute, no to an ideal . No the hotus conclusus and not the eplica of Naure, La Vlee s a e n consan poducion n contnuous change; ts eanng s V. DSSCAN
nv ixd bt is aways drd difd, ndd isol by th tplicity o anings it ins cribs Th projc as o nsttl both ory and contxt opposng any contxtals and contnas das wch ipy a th archct's nvnion ncssaly rfrs o a typo ogy, o rgi n or drinng sgnid nd d h Pa rks accr rss o opra as h xprsson of a prxistng connt whr sbciv foral or fnciona s as i dos no answr o h dands o th slf sovrign o craiv" achct so i ngats ann dalcic o th o sinc th at s displacd by spriposiions and ransoa i on s of ns at always xcd any gi vn oa config raio n Psnc is postpond and cos drd as ac praton o cobinaion o o shfts ag on stp ahad Mos iportany, th Park cals no qsion t fndana or piay signifid o achicrits ndncy as rida arks n L Cse Vde) to b n servce and ser vce obyn g an conoy of a nng pr isd on nctiona s n contas t a Vi tt po ots prograac nsably fnctonal ole No a pnd b instad py" o les cses sont vdes
La Vilt hn ais at an archcr tha mens nothng an arcitc of th sgnfr atr han sign don ha s p tac or play o langag n a Nzscan ann La Vitt ovs towads intrptv innity, for th fct o rfsing ixity is not insgniicanc bt santic pra ity T Parks th aonoos and spiposd syss and th nd ss cobinatoy possibis of t oles gi v way to a lip icity of ipssions Eac obsrvr wi poct his own intptaion rsling in an accont at wil again b intrpd (accod ing o psycanaytc socoo gca o oth r thodoogs and so on n consqnc r is no absol r" o achctra poct o whatvr anng it ay av s a fncio n of n praton it s no sdn n th objct o n objcs aia s H nc trh" of d oles s no r" of Consrcvs, s as th rh of sys of poi nts is no th rh o th sys of i ns T addion of th syss intrna coh rncs is not coh n xcss of ratonaly s no raio na La Vl looks o on nw socia and istorca crcstancs a dsprsd a nd dntatd rali ty ta aks an nd to opa o nty Nw Yok Sr 987
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he comeito o he Parc de a Vilette is the rst i ece achiecra hsory to se forth a ew rogamha o the a Pak oosig that he xtaositio ad comatio o a variety o acives w ecoua ge ew atdes ad ersecives Th s rog ram reesets a imo at reakh rogh The 70s witessed a eriod o reewed eest i the formal costu io o the cy s tyologies ad s orhologes Whe deveog aayses focused o the hi sory of the city ths aeio was lagely devod of og ramatc usfcaio No aalyss add ressed he isse o he actves h a were to occur the cy No r dd ay roerly addess he ac hat the ogazaio o fcios ad evets was as uch a achecural cocer as he eaoraio o os or syes The Pac de a Viete cotas eeses a oe-a ctual cee ecoragg a itegated rog aatic oi cy elated oh o the citys eeds ad to its lim itatios he o gram aocaes sace or wokshos gymasi ad ath faciiies aygouds exhiitos coces scietc exeries gaes ad comeitos i addiio o a Muse of Scece ad echo ogy ad a Cy o M usc he Park cod e coceived as oe o the lar gest build ngs ever costucteda discoios dg, t evertheless a sgle srce ovea g cea areas wh the cy ad exsg surs o rm s a emryoi c mode l of wha the ew rogras for he 2 st cey wil e Dug the 20th ceuy we have wessed a shit he concept of he ark whch ca o loge e searaed from he coce of the cy he prk orms prt o the vison o the city he act ha Pais cocetates etiary or oeoal eoymet argues agas assive esthetc arks o eose i avor o ew ua aks ased o cua veto edcatio ad etertaimet The iadeqacy o the cvzato vs ae oari y der mode city coditos has ival idated the ieh ooed ootye o the ak as a age o au e t ca o loger e coceved as a deied toia wod-imiate rotected om ve reaty What we see the the exhasio o he oe sace cocet aced wih he reity o he ctual ark Hece we oose he oio o Olsted desread hrou ghou the 1 9h ce tury th a he ark the cy is o suosed o exs To ceae alse h ls hdg h e Prihique gores he owe o a eay
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T S U RIM OSION O H TR SYSTMS (ONTS IN S SRACS CRATS T ARK AS IT GN RATS A SRI S O CACUATD TNSONS WIC RIN ORC T DYNAMISM OF T AC AC O T R SYSTMS DISAYS ITS OWN OGIC AND ND NDNC
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We propose nsead a dsncve and nnovave knd o park embodyng a change n socal conex xend ng he radca shf n deoogy mpc n he pogam or ambon goes eyond podcng a vaao n on an exsng ype by aleng one o s componen s We am nehe o change syles whe reanng a radona conen nor o he proposed pogram no a convenonal mold wheher neoclasscal neoroman c or neo-moderns. Raher o proec s movaed by he mos conscve pncple whn he legmae hsoy" of archec re by whch new prog ammac deveopmens and nspraons resu n new ypolog es Ou r ambon s o creae a new e n whch program form and deology al play negra roles
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Or proec s movaed by he ac ha he se s no vrgn land" bu s ocaed n a popu laed semndusral qarer and ncldes wo enormous exsng sruces he Museum of Sc ence and Techno ogy and he G rand ale Reecn he dea of nroducn g anoher mass even of a near characer no an already encmbered erran and respecng he exensve req remens of he progam we propose a s mple scual souon o dsb e he pro gamm ac requremens over he oa se n a reg ar a rrangemen o pons of nensy desg naed as e Deconsrucn g he program no nense areas of acvy placed accord ng o exsn g se characes cs and use hs scheme pems maxmum movemen hrough he se emphaszng dscoveres and pesenng vsos wh a varey of programs and evens Developmens n archecure are generaly elaed o cural developmens movaed by new funcons socal reaon s or echnologca advances We have aken hs as axomac o ou r scheme whch ams o consue sef as mage as srcual mode and as a paradgmac exampe of archecral oganzaon . Proper o a peod ha has seen he se of mass p ro ducon sera repeon and dsun con h s concep or he Pa rk consss of a sees o relaed neura obecs whose very smlary aows hem o be qaled" by ncon hus n s basc srucure each Fe s bare undfferenaed and ndsral n characer; n he specalzaon of s pogram s complex artculaed and weg hed wh meann g . ac h e consues an auonomous sgn ha ndcaes s ndependen pogammac concerns and possbles whle sugges ng h roug h a common sucu ral core he ny of he oa sysem Ths nerplay of heme and varaon alows he Park o read sy bolcaly srucrally whle pemng max mum pogrammac flexbly and nvenon n conras o Renassance or 9h cenury spaal organzaon he Parc de La Vee pesens a varaon on a canoncal modern spaal scheme he e Conformng o he defnon of a sysem or srucure he grd of he Foe s a self-reerena
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DS BUT BU LT ASSS T UH H ST T IS A BTH SA S AD ACH PITS SSIB UT CSTCS
mean ng ha s in ial y indeendent of ark, rogam and se. s only when he g rid s aled or more esey, put i plce ha i akes on a reay dsngishng from a smle geomer sysem The new ark s formed y the enone o thee atonomos systems eah with its own log arilaites and mts: the system of oets h e sysem o movemens and he system o saes he overay o he dferent systems h s reaes a aref ly saged series of en sons hat enhanes he dynamsm of he ak.
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At s orign n seveneenthentry rane, folie or foly had a meanng dfferen from he one now assigned it a La Vi lette nd ated an extavagant hose of entertan men n he 21 st Cenry Uran ak, it oses sh aistoat onnoations o gan a li mage, whle enlag ing on ontemoay syhoanayi disoveies (n frenh, l folie means madness" insan ity ) The new meanng of folie ransforms ts orgina sense y relaing he exravagan dslay of elei styes wh the eg aed xtaosio n o needented ograms The rose of hi s oeation s to emove l folie om mmeson in he histoal oet and to eloae i on the oade eve of astation as an atonomos nea ojet ha sseqently eeives the ay of sgns Ths t is no he sef aries o the ojet tha are sgn ifian, t raher ts aifiial astaionthe losed erfeion of he system to whih the ojet refers. The olies and he grid are ariated forms, the rods of oesses y whih ast raion (n hs ase, on, l ne s rae) has rogessively ome to eae eay Ssting t e fo nate, they reresent the gadal deline of the ae, and take their mode om he eet tve aaies and atiay of he mahine n hs manne he Uran ak an e seen o oose he nineeenthenry one of Nate, ased on ologal or hysial laws wth the tehnoogaly-formed one of he envionmen
A olie s homge to Bogs Buoughs Cocteu Queu d of couse to Otto Julius Mtoifel whose combitoy costuctio bought togethe the evolvig stge the cicult ig liby the house s livig uit the wite gde some fwless llegoicl mbles the Rom Ctholic chpel the Buddhist temple the sktig ik fescoes the pol y phoic og the cuec exchge the me s om the ukish bth d the weddig cke-to metio oly few of its elemets The budesome mitece of this multiple stucte howeve cused it to be uctioed off d dismtled lmost immeditely followig the festivities which cowed its opeig. ( Bogs Bioy Css Chonles o Bstos Domeq.
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5 . CHAICAL AICS 93
S RRAAC DS FIRST AV B DD IT A SR S F RATS T S FRA TS AR T DISTRBUD ARD A SIL BU LT C DAR T R ID F FLS LIS T DSRIA VTS AR UALIFID BY 1 TW CRDIAT AS R CVRD RDICU LAR ALL RI S 2) A ADRI CIATIC RAD AT RLATS VARIUS ARTS F T ARK I A SUIAL AR ALLYS F RS LIKI T KY ACTVITIS T SIT SRFACS T VARIUS ARK SRFACS AV T IR W TRS CRRSDI TR RSCTV R RAATC DS (AVTS, RASS, SRTS
P 0 Points Lins Surfacs
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oin-lik acivits na acvitis srfac acivits
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Th a lacd accordng to a oi ntg id coor di na sysm a 20-m tr in vals Thy rovid a common dnom nato for all vns gnad by th rogam ach s ssnial or th rogram ach is ssniay a 1 0 x 0 x 0 mtr cub o a th -sory consucton of nutra sac which can b ransormd and aboatd accordng to sciic orammatc nds Th srct ron of h basic 1 0 x 1 0 x 1 0 mtr s aimd at dv oing a car o th Pak, a rcognzabl idntty as stong as h Bitish hon booh or h ais Mo gas Th advanags of hs gri d sysm a mani od s by far th smls sysm sabshng trrora rcognion nd on ha is asy mmnd t nds itslf to asy mainnanc
GNRAL AXOORC VW
THE CIEAC PME ADE A DES A TAE SEQECES AD AES CCEIV ED AS SPACES THE ITEVETS ATSS LADSCAPE DESES ACTECS AD PISPHES HE PMEADE ADES S DES ED AS A ST P, I WHIC HE SDACK CESPDS T THE PEDESTA PAH AD HE MAE TACK T THE SUCCESSIVE AMES SPECIC ADES AIED A SUC ACVTES AS BAH PCICK LLESKAI AS WELL AS DSPLAY HE SA AUA PA CCEPA ADES ADES B DESES
Te srucure povides a compreensve mage or sape for an oewise lefined eran Te regulary of oes and posonng maks orienaon smpe for ose unfamla w e aea. Te advanage o e pon grd sysem is a provides for e minimum dequte equipment of e urban park reave o e number of is vsors S
Te oie gd s reaed o a larger coodnae srce (e Coordinaes) an orogona sysem o g-densiy pedesian movemen wic marks e sie wi a cross e NoSou Pas sage or Coordnae lnks e wo Pars gaes and subway saions of Poe de la Vlee and Poe de Pann; e asWes Coordinae jons Paris o s subrbs A 5 meer wde, open covered srucure uns e leng of bo Coordnaes Organzed aoun d e Coodnaes so as o faciliae and encoage access are Foies desgnaed o e mos freqened acvies: he Cy of Musc resaurans, Sqae of e Bas, a and science dspays, cdens play grounds vdeo worksops and Spors Cener Te ne sysem also ncudes e Pth of hemtic Grdens e seemngly random cu rvl nea oue a nks varios parts of e Park in e form o a carefuly pl anned ci c Te Pa of Temac Gadens inesecs e Coordinae axes a varous places, provdng unexpeced encouners w nsal aspecs of domesicaed o programmed nae SURACS
e surfces of e Park eceive al acivies requrng arge expanses o rzona space o play, games, body exercses, mass enertanmen , ma rkes ec. ac srface s progamm a cal y deerm ined So-ca led efove s faces (wen every aspec of e program as been fulfled) ae composed o compaced ea and gavel, a park maera ama o al Parisans ar and g ave surfaces llow for compee progam maic freedom
xcerpts fom he achiecs epor o h e nteaional uy CEAC PEADE PA
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INEMAI OMENADE WH ) AM N M AWAS A DENEAE E AM ES O SUESSVE SE�UENES A BSGEEN NEON VINEA SP SSENDED OM AUMNM MASS AND 3) OESEN SPOS ON ONG GEYBUE AIA SONE BENES
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The Ci neatc Proenade is one o the key eatu res o e Park is conceved aong e anaogy o a sri in which te soundtrack corresonds o e genera wakway or vsitors and the iage-track corresonds to e suc c essive raes o indvda gardens The linearity of sequences orders events, movements and spaces in a progression that either combines or parallels divergent concerns Each part each frame of a sequence qualifies, reinforces or alters the parts that precede and follow it The associations thus formed allow for a plurality of interpretations rather than a singular fact ach part is thus both complete and incomplete
the general srucre o the seqence o gardens requres e ndeerinaton o ts conent (hence he role o the che arciec as il drector overseeng e onage o seqences) its secc conten lies deternacy (oug the aicar desgns o indvdua desgners) The Park is also inhabited: sequences of events use activities incidents are inevitably super imposed on those fixed spatial sequences It suggests secret maps and impossible fictions rambling collections of events all strung along a collection of spaces frame after frame, garden aer garden episode after episode A La Vilee a frame eans eac o e segens o he seqence n te cneac
roe nade each rae deines a garde n Eac o ese raes can be rned i nto a sing e iece o work Te rang rnce ers arrangeen o each art o te sequence since as w the cnegras o a each rae can be innely xed cobned suerosed etc Mo re over e conent o each ae can be shown ro above or ro beow rodcg unsal vewons The sai al sequen ces a a Vee can aso be seen in deenden tly ro e eaning s they ay suggest Thei r sgniicaton can be dedced drectly ro he evens occr rng in the sequence (a row o slides a sand box and a roer katng sace ndoubtedy y a chdrens sequence) n leraure and n e cnea e relaons beween raes or between sequences can be aniaed h rough devices suc as sbacks ucuts d issoves and so on Wy no i n archiecure or n lan dscae? At L a Vilete e cu beween wo garden sequences is exe cuted by eans o a i ne o rees n oer words e li nes o trees deni ng the range and he circle" are o be read rs as cs between eqences All sequences are cumulative Their "frames derive significance from juxtaposition ing frames
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"Madness woud hen be a wod in pepeua discodance wih ise and ineogaive houghou, so ha i woud uesion is own possibiiy, an heeoe he possibiiy o he anguage ha woud conain i; hus i woud uesion ise since he ae aso beongs o he game o anguage. Mau rc Blanchot)
Madnss ss as a constant point o rnc throughout th rban a of La ltt bcaus it appars to ilustrat a charactrstic stuaton at th nd of th twntth cntury that o di sju nctons and dssocaton btwn btwn us form and socia alus hs stuation s not ncssary a ngat on but rathr s symptoatc f a nw condtion as distant om ghtnth cntu cntu ry huan ism as as from ths cnturys aous modn sms Mad nss h, is nd to ts psychoanalytical manngnsanityand can b ratd to ts but snsoly on y wth wth xtrm cauton W am to fr th bui lt Foie from ts hstorica connotatons and to plac it on a b b oadr oadr mo abstract plan, as an autonomous obct whch n th utu, wll b ab to rc nw anngs It s not ncssary to rcall n ths contxt how Mchl oucault, in Madness and Civiizaion analyzs th mannr in whch nsanity raiss qustions o a socioogcal, philosophical and psychoanalytic natur. If I sugg st that madnss aso raiss an archtctual archtctual qustion t s n MONAGE AND SUPEIM POSON
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od r o dmonstat dmonstat two pons. On th on and a normay good arc c cur ur ypolo gs Modrn Momn dogmas, Raonalsm, and or sms of rcn hiso ry) s only on possbiiy among hos ofrd by h combnaton gnics o archctual mnts. On h otr, a, just as al socts socts rqu rqu lunatcs dans, and cr minals o mar ir own ngaty, so arccur nds xrms and intrdcions o nscrb h raty of s constant oscil aton btwn btwn t pragmatics o bu it am and h absounss o o concps. concps. r is no intn on r o dscnd i nto an nlcual ascnaon wit madnss, but ratr o stss ta madnss artcuas somting hat s on ngad in ordr to prsr a agi culural or social odr In s analog t conmporay cy and is many pars r La Vll) ar mad to corrspond wt h dssociatd lmns of scioph scioph na. h qusion bcoms ta of of nowng on 's raions p o suc dis loca locad d cy y parts Our yposs r is ta ta s rla tons p ncssary suggss th da of ransfnc. ransrnc n arcictu arcictu smbs t psycoanaytc suaon, t ool roug whch hortca consrucon of th otaliy of
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OPPOSE PAGE OB NAON OF FOIES BASED ON E PN PE OF E E VOD N EAH AX EA FOE S E ES OF E NESEON BEWEEN SPAES MOVEENS AND EVENS VEA OGANZAON OF SPAE AND OVEEN ONFGUAONSPE SMPE FOE PE B FOE W GAE PE EXENDED FOE OZONA FOM E OPFIS INE NO DNG NDSA OMPONENS; SEOND NE "BAN OMPONENS D NE NAE OPONENS
th subjc is atmpd ransrnc s an h as ranspor d ssocaion xplo ds transfrnc ino fagm ns o ransnc In h La l projc w spa o a formali zaion , " an actingou o dissocaton n a psychoanayica situaio n h ansrnc frag mnts a tanspod o th psychohapist In an achicura situaton ths transrnc ag nts can ony b tanspod onto arch cu islf h appoach bhin d La iltt suggss mtng pons, anchorng poins whr fragmnts of dsocatd ay can b apphndd In his situaton h ormaon o h dssocaion rquirs tha a support b srucud as a poin of assmb y h point of h Fole bcoms h ocus o ths d issocad spac; acs as a common dnomnaor consuing slf as a sys of laons bwn objcs, ns and pop I alows th dopmn o a charg a pon of intnsiy. h grd o Fol ies prms th combnaon of pacs of tansfrnc on h bacground of th a itt sit Obou s t is sconday o ry to dmi n n adanc h architcura forms ha a most appropia to such tansrnia suaion s Al tha counts is tha h Folie s both h pac and h objc o ransnc hi s fagm nay tansrnc in mad nss s nohi ng but th poducion o an phm al goup ng of xplodd o dssociatd stuctus h po n grd s h statgic oo o h La il tt proc I boh aiculats spac and act ats it Whil fusing al h achis and copositio ns plays a poica rol rjcing th doogical pioi o h asplans o h pas. h U ban a r a La l offrs h possby of a rsuctung o a dssocad word hrough nrmdiary spacn whch th gats o transfrnc can a hold h pon gd o Folies consitus h pac o a nw nsn h Folies ar nw mar n gs th gas o tan sfnc hs ransf nc gas al ow accss o spac on bgi ns wth an aba nc towad a fo n spac which mu st b ncarnad h Folies cra a nodal pon wh symbol and ay p th build ing o h aginay by intoducing a di acic o spac and t h par a La l ofs such a ranston spac a form of accss to nw cutual and socal oms i which xpsson is possb n whn spch has dsappad. La ltt t hn can b sn as an nnoa xposon of a tchnqu on h ll of sup posions and anchorin g pons I ofrs pa cs o apphnd objcs and uss I bu ds slf into a mchansm ha acts as ass mb ng u ni fo al h ods of ocaing I is a surac of mu rfrnial ancho ng pons o hngs o pop whch lads o a paa cohnc, y chalngs h nsiuona suctu of ofcial cutu urban pars usums isu cns, c COMBINATO
Alhogh eve ceion is of necessi combinive socie b vie of he omnic mh of 'inspiion cnno snd being old so Roand Bahs, Sde Foie Lool
h fragmntaton of ou contmporay mad condion ntably suggsts nw and unfor sn rgroupngs o s ragns No long nd in a cohrnt whol ndpndn om hr pas hs auonomous fragmns can b rcombind hrough a srs o prmuaons whos ruls ha nohing to do wih hos of casscsm or modrnism AEON AND VOUME ONFIGAIONS .
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A CASE VIDE 985
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URBANSI ONEP AS E PON GRD O OLES S DESIGNED AND B B BERNARD SHUM HIE ARHIE O HE PARK OER DESGNERS MAY BD ADAEN ONSRUONS
h argumnt bhind our a ilt projc aps o dmonsrat rst that any nw archcur mps h das o combnaon hat al orm is h rsul of combnaion thn procds to indcat ha h noon of combnaon can b arcuad nto dffrn cagors should b mphasid that archtcur s no sn hr as h rsul of compositon a syn hsis of forma concrns and functona consraints, bu rathr as par of a copx procss of transformatonal raons. Our purpos is not o propos h nd of nw moral or phlosophica ro oftn assocatd wth archcural ndaors I nsad w am o consdr h archct fi rst as a for ulator, an nntor of rlatons W also aim o anay wha wll b cald in th s conx combina tie hat s, h s o combinaions and prutaions tha is possib aong difrnt cagors of anlysis spac mon n chniqu symbo c.), as opposd to h mor radonal pay btwn uncion or us and form or syl In hs prspci archctur s rgardd as no ongr concrnd wh composion or h xprsson of funcon nstad is sn as h objc of prmuaon h combi naon of a larg s of ariabls whch s mant to ra, ithr in a anis or scrt way, doains as dirn as th act of ru nni ng , dou bl xpansion jons, and h fr pan Such a play of pr m uaons s not g rauito us It prmis nw and hh rto unma gnd acis to occur ow r i aso mplis ha any amp o fnd a nw modl or orm o archcur rqurs an analyss of h ful rang of possbs as n h prmuaona marics usd by rsarch sciniss and strucurasts a. I ndd , prhaps th mos porant gacy o structuralis has to do with hurstics dmonstratng hat maning is aways a function of boh positon and surfac producd by th momn of an mpy slo n h srs of a structur h gud ng prncip of rsach on La illt is prcisy ha of th mpty slo his play o prmuaons was ntaly xpord n Te Manattan Transcripts th footbal payr sas on h bafid was h anfsto of h inrchangability of objcs, pop, and ns Inuncd by possrucuraist txts as uch as by h difrnt tchniqus of il ontag, th Transcripts wr ony nroducing, in a hortcal mannr what s to b appid at La l I n a rmarabl sudy nld Palimpsestes h rary crtc Grard Gn has rfnd hs concps o ransforaion Comb n aon, h wr s xss ony with n a compl x systm of transformatonal raons hs raons can ac on whol xs as much as on ragns n th cas ha concrns us tha o a lt a gnra typ o ransforation cad mecani cal operations can b dsi ngu ishd Mcha nica opratons may a sra fors a) ha o xca" prmuaons as n th dcomposion of h 1 m x 1 x 1 m cub of h orgnal Folie no a srs of discr fragmns or lmns, i squar or rcanguar rooms, ramps, cylndrca stai rs tc whch ha bn ordrd o form a caalogu or xcon A lxcal pr muaon ntails taing an lmnt from th orignal cub and mchancaly rpacing it with anothr from th xicon for xamp, + 7 ach mnt of th cub is xchangd for th lmnt of th lxcon placd in snh poson bhind ) or b) ha of hyprxua prmu aton, by which an lmnt of th cub wl b rpacd by anohrfor xamp by a n nnhcntury NoCassca palo n pacd narby on h sit Such ranspantaion ay ad o a smantic transformaon in rms of its nw contxt A srs of ransforaions and prutatons simlar o th foulipan" manpuatons of h wrrs Qu nau and rc drs from h noton of h mchancal oprao n hs mix ng chnqu gnraly own as contam naton can a in numrabl forms. I is characr izd by th pury mchanca aspct of h transormaton hus dsnguishng from pastch or parody, whch carfuy d a xt rom its inia conx oward a us wh a aning nown wl n adanc No smanic intnion gorns h transformation of La ilt thy rsut from th applicaton o a dc or formula Whil his may supfc aly rsmb a aria on on h Surraist exquisite corpse w ha sn arlir hat h rlaton bwn form and manin g is nr on bwn signr and sgnid Architcura rlatons ar nr smantc, syntacic or ormal in h sns o formal log ic I nstad a btr analo gy to ths ontag and xing tchnqus gh b found in rtos or isnsn's wor n th cina, Qunau's i n ratur or n th nfnt araions aound an i nial thm ha on finds n J S Bachs Fugues owr, wr hs procss only o inol dring ransformatons and prmutatons on th l of th sod mns of archctur such as wals stairs windows, and odings, would no dffr signfcany ro ost rsarch on mods of composition or transformaton as URBANISI SRAEG . 26
A BAS ONSRUON HE BE) BEGINNING WIH A "NORMA ONGRAON AND HEN DEVANG ROM AORDING O OMBNAON DEVES NDAED EALR
Programmatic combination of folies: cinma-restaurant, pianobar vido theater observatory shops running track possibly small radio studio. children 's folie drawing workshop tarzan-bar, slide, water games, the administration folie of spectacles water wheel, first aid clinic
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S T R U e U R A L
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Al o th olies us th sam rptiti syst, basd o 08 t by 108 t by 08 mtr 6 x 36 x 36 foot) cub Th cub is th didd th i ach d cto orm g a cag wth 3.6 trs (1 2 t) btw bas h cag ca b dcoposd ito ragmts of a cag or xtdd through th addtio o othr lmts o- o two-story cy drcal or tiagular o ums, stas raps) accodg to a arty of combatory prcpls, whl simtaously ad dpdty) cof rotg spciic progra mmatc rqu rmt s h pr ary structur th cag) is coposd o a fra whch ca b cocrt or stlor ay oth matra , or that matt Th scto o th structura atia is mad accodg to f cod quirmts o coomic coditos A d ald st op cors ry part of th structa am It s ds gd so as to so y trior or xtror corr, catilr or dg codito Athough th olies procd from a simpl costrcto prcpl datio altrs th rlato ship to th stuctural g rd Th gri d th bcoms a spl sppo rt aoud which a trasgrs si architct ca dop ratio to th oigi a or m. h latoshi p btw orma ity ad diatio suggstd a thod or th laboato o th olies rst, rquts ad costats drd from th progam ar corotd wth th architctoic combato ad trasformato prc pls o th proct Th cofrotatio r sts a basc a rch tctra stat th o Th , th orm s tasgssdwthot, howr, disappari g A dstorto of th oig i a om sults diato Diato s both th xcss o atoaity ad iatoaity As a o rm, t cotais th co pots o ts ow xplosio . As a datio , it frs thm N ormal ity tds towards uity d ato towards htogty ad dssocatio Th s s ot a coup g o opposits but, i stad a mattr of dgr _ ow ar ths dg s of datio dtrm d? Thro ugh coomy tm moy, circumstacs cts dads. A ormal Folie is ot bilt th sa mar as a dat o
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LE BOD The Fe nch Government The M nstry of ulture Serge Godberg Pesident o the tabssement Public du Parc de a Vette Franos arr recteur du Pac
ARHES ntenational ompetton 1 982-83 ernard Tschumi, asssted by Luca Merli n Wth Alexandra Vllegas, Luca Pagnamenta And Galen ranz, Phoebe utler Wilam Wallis, Jon Osen, Thomas asley Pelmnaries and genera planning documents 9838 ernad schumi, assisted by on Foune With uca Meni, Aexanda Vilegas Ne Poter, Steve McAdam uca Pagnamenta, Marieine uquet JeanPere Noury, idie Pasquier Kathyn Gustafson Renzo ader Wth Peter Rce (RFR, Structures), Henry arsey, SETE-TP, ST-tment ommns-M, Kate nker And on Paine, Patrizia alcone, Patrck ouchain, Jua ouke, ina ani, Peter Fes sig, avid Kesser, Veonque Metade Mana Merson, Piet Zaboski Jon Olsen. Project an d construction 1 985 ernad schumi, asssted by JeanFanois Ehe Wth Aexandra Viegas, Ursula Kurz Wth uca Merni, hstian echer, Mare-ine uquet Wth Pete Rce (RFR, rdge and Gaeries Stuc tues), Hugh uton, Heny ardsley, Nada Pett, ernard Vaudevle With SET-timent, Pere Robet; ST-TP, Franois emouy JeanPaul onroy And Jeanouis Raynaud, Vncent Polsne, Patrick Wntes, itsugu Osakawa George Ka todrytis, Rawa Muderis Modemake: Jacques ioe honoogy of eseach peimnary to the la V ette proect: 976 Joyce 's Garden theoretica project based on James Joyce's Finnegans ae xhi bited at entre Pompdou, Pars, 98 9768 The Manhattan anscripts book nto ducng sequenta, supermposition and decon stucton devices (Academy Editio ns/St. artin s Press, ondon, ew York, 981) 1 97981 20th Century Follies expeimenta con structions of a poemca and ephemera natue buit in New Yok London and iddebug Ho and 98586 La Case Vide twenty pates expoing uture conceptua tansformatons and dsoca tons o the a V ette poect With an essay on ernard Tschum by Jacques erda an ntro ducton by Anthony Vidler and an ntervew wth Alvn oyarsky (ernard Tschumi olo V Achit ectural Associaton London, 986) BIBOAP (xcerpts)
"a Vlete: An Uban Pak fo the 2 1 st en tuy, Inteational Architect, /83 "Achtectue Lmites at Pogrammes Art Press HS no 2/83 I Paco dele Foes de schum , Casabella 6/83 oncours nternationa pour Ie Parc de la Vil ette, Architecture dAujourd'hui no 227 6/83 "Le ootballeu patne sur e hamp de atale by Kenneth rampton, Architecture d'Aujourd'hui no 228, 9/83. Ilustated ndex, AA Files London 6/83 "Interview Cre no 1 97, Paris, /83
"Parc de a Vlete, Architectural Review no , ondon, 1/83 "Squences, Princeton Joual o , Ritual 983 "enard Tschum et es olies' de la Vlette, e Monde Dimanche Paris, 1 /2/83. "Supepostons et ommuns nomnateus (with oin ounie) Urbanisme no 23 Pais 8/8 "Madness and the ombinative, Precis oum ba nversty, New Yok, Fa 98 "Squences, in Vivre l'Architecture-ee Autrement Pais, 198 "A Pars for the 2 st entuy, (by Hne ipstadt), Art in America New York, 1 /8 Workn Pogress, in l'lnvention du Parc Edi tions Graphite, Pas 1 98 enad Tschumi Ie Parc de a Vilette, AMC 2/8 "P rogessive Archtectu Awads, Progressive Architecture 1/85 lose to the madding cowd by an atton Bui/ding Design ondon 5/1 7/85 lose to the madding cowd, by an atton, Architectures New Yok, Summer 1 985 "A New Modensm, Paul Goldberger, The New York Times 1/2/85 "andscape and Archtecture, Architectural Review no 63, London, 9/85 "Parc de a Vilette, Cre no 29, Pais , 1 /86. "Squence 6, Proession inaste by laude veno, in Architecture: rcits figures ictions " Cahiers du CC ente Geoes Pomdou Pais 1 986 a ase Vide Folio VI! Architectural Associa tion (textes of Jacques erda Anthony Vidle, Avn oyasky) London 1 986 Art on ocaton Artorum ew York, /86 Pont de Folie Mantenant lArchtectue by Jacques erda in AA Files no 12, ondon 986 Tschumes sties du Parc Urbanisme no 25, Pais, 9/86 "Parco spectacoae d Paig, Aca n o 1 , Miano, 1/86 ParcVie Vilette, Vaisseau de Pierres d hamp Vaon, 1987 Archtecture et Paysage enad Tschumi, echniques et Archtecture March, 1 987 "isunctions, ernad Tschumi, Perspecta 23, Yae Achtecture Jounal, New Have n, 1 986 "The Pont of NoReturn, aralice oles, Pro gressive Architecture Juy 1987 es Travaux de enard Tschumi, AMC Pars, October 1 987. BNA SCU
Achitect Lives New Yok and Pais Studed ET (Fedea nstitute o Technoogy) Zuich aught at the Achitectura Assocatin ondon 97-79 n sttute or Archtectue and Urban Stu des, New Yok, 976 P inceton Un iversity, 1 976 and 1 98 Visting Professor, oope Un ion Schoo o Archtecture New Yok, 1 9883 ec tued extensvely throughout United States and urope. xhbted New York, ondon, Pars, openhagen, Madid, Kasse, en, Athens, Moscow Seou, isbon, os Angeles and okyo His crtical wrtings have been pubshed in numeous achitectue and art magaznes ncud ing Architectural Design Oppositions A U Precis Perspecta and Artforum. Pizewinne in many internationa compettions, ncl uding Parc de a Vilette, 1 983 (ist pize) La efense Pai s 1 983 (Awad) Tokyo Opera Hose, 986 (Second Pize) also win ner o Pro gressive Achitecture Award 985 for Parc de a Vlete The rst phase of the Parc de la Vette, or whch he is he Architect and man desgne w be completed in 987 hs phase incudes fourteen folies pat of the coveed Gaeies the bidge, and pat of the "nematic Pomenade.
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2 Reseach Way Forestal enter Pinceton NJ 85 (69) 987-22 esign oncept enad schum i, asss ted by hristian iecher esgn Renate ox and Hubet onka Photogaphy redts: enard Tschum, 9,28298 ranoisX ouchat 8 AR, 2,2 ,3,3 ,33-39,2-7 ypogaphy M awson, Shot, A ban Photogavue ErnioAzer (Spain/Fance) Vercingtorixphotogravure(ace) SRG (France) Paper text and cove Fedrigoni (tay) Prntng and indng NoTypo (rance) st pubished 987 in Fance in the seies EU AHIRES edited by ubet onka and pubished by AMP VALON 2 SEYSS rance
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987 ernard Tschum SN -91 13-37-
