Kgblj Kgitm
Emtld Ld`eugdhgs od Gdfelsc ^rljmry Vora-Xtrgss
^rlsctldâ, ;>=0
Mkstrmht
@orjuemtlods suhc ms ―prljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ lty lty‚ or ―prljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ tuag tuag‚ vgrmhlousey pgrtmld to m agshrlptlvg egvge9 tcgy soegey ldalhmtg posltlod o` strgss ld mhhoramdhg wltc tcg su``lx wcleg tcgy `mee scort o` iustl`yldf or gxpemldldf wcy sojg post`lxme gegjgdts or gdaldfs rgqulrg pgduetljmtg strgss, wcy otcgrs rgqulrg mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss, mda mfmld wcy otcgrs ljposg prgmdtgpgduetljmtg strgss. Qcg prgsgdt stuay, kgyoda tcg mkovgjgdtlodga agshrlptlvg egvge, ls md mttgjpt to gtyjoeoflhmeey gtyjoeoflhmeey hemrl`y prljmry wora-strgss ld Gdfelsc. @or tcg purposgs o` tcls stuay, two wora-strgss joages ‘ dmjgey dmjgey eldgme strgss mda strgss mda gtyjlh strgss = ‘ mrg mrg prgsgdtga vlm Emtld strgss. [gsuets agrlvldf `roj eldgme strgss mda gtyjlh strgss ‘ gxheualdf gxheualdf strgss-dgutrme su``lxgs, mutostrgssga gdaldfs, mda mssortga alsyeemkegs ‘ agjodstrmtg agjodstrmtg horrokormtlvgey tcmt Gdfelsc mhhgdtumtlod wms trmds`grrga `roj Emtld. Wp to 6>% o` tcg woras egxlhmelsga ld Gdfelsc orlfldmtg `roj Emtld (alrghtey or tcroufc @rgdhc). Ld maaltlod, Frggb eomdworas mrg jostey strgssga ld Gdfelsc ms tcgy wgrg ld Emtld2 `urtcgrjorg, woras agrlvldf `roj Emtld cmvg `orjga jmdy woras ld Gdfelsc vlm vgrdmhuemr m``lxmtlod. Pgrdmhuemr m``lxgs kgldf strgss-dgutrme, strgss-dgutrme, prljmry prljmry wora-strgss wora-strgss ls mfmld mfmld m hmrryovgr hmrryovgr `roj Emtld. Qcgrg`org, Qcgrg`org, tcg pgrhgdtmfg pgrhgdtmfg jmy gmsley joudt up maaltlodmeey.
=. Ldtroauhtlod Mt tljgs, Gdfelsc-spgmbldf pcodoeoflsts mda `orglfd Mdfelhlsts mppgmr to kg pgrpegxga or shgptlhme ms rgfmras tcg tcgorgtlhme systgjlzmtlod o` wora strgss ld Gdfelsc. Qcls mttltuag ls, pmrtey, ld`eugdhga ky tcg `euhtumtldf dmturg o` Gdfelsc wora-strgss. Qo hojjgdhg hojjgdhg wltc, tcg ldtrlhmhlgs ldtrlhmhlgs o` tcg Gdfelsc wora-strgss systgj mda tcg sggjldfey grrmtlh outwmra mspght o` wora-strgss wcgd gxmjldga `roj tcg kgflddldf or tcg gda o` m wora mrg hodtrlkutldf `mhtors tcmt `urtcgr rmjl`y lts eldfulstlh mpprgcgdslod. mpprgcgdslod. Qcls shgptlhlsj jmy kg gdhoudtgrga ld rgemtlvgey rghgdt koobs (g.f. Ametod mda Xglaeco`gr =<<798<) or gvgd, kmhb ld tljg, wcgd Iodgs (=<=39===) ld ―Md Outeldg o` Gdfelsc ^codgtlhs‚ mrfugs, ―Qcg ruegs rgfmraldf tcg posltlod o` tcg strgss ld Gdfelsc woras o` jorg tcmd odg syeemkeg mrg vgry hojpelhmtga, mda jost o` tcosg wclhc hmd kg `orjuemtga mt mee mrg sukight to dujgrous gxhgptlods. gxhgptlods. Jmdy stuagdts `lda tcg kgst wmy o` egmrdldf tcg strgss o` Gdfelsc woras ls sljpey to egmrd tcg strgss o` gmhc ldalvlaume wora ms tcgy hojg mhross lt9 otcgrs prg`gr to stuay tcg ruegs. ‚ Iodgs (=<8;9;;<) maopts, ld tcls rgfmra, md gvgd jorg pgssljlstlh tgdagdhy ld tcg tclra galtlod o` tcg
―Outeldg‚, ―Gdfelsc wora-strgss hmddot kg egmrdt ky jgmds o` ruegs. Ld jost hmsgs tcgrg ls do rueg ms to tcg ldhlagdhg o` tcg strgss, mda wcgd ruegs hmd kg `orjuemtga mt mee, tcgy mrg fgdgrmeey sukight to dujgrous gxhgptlods. Lt ls tcgrg`org dghgssmry `or tcg `orglfd stuagdt to egmrd tcg strgss o` gvgry wora ldalvlaumeey. ldalvlaumeey.‚ Gdfelsc wora-strgss hmd kg agshrlkga sljuetmdgousey ms kgldf vmrlmkeg mda egxlhme. Lt ls vmrlmkeg kghmusg sojg woras mrg strgssga od tcg `ldme syeemkeg, g.f. qugstloddmlrg, `ldgssg, slecougttg, tghcdlqug (emstsyeemkeg strgss orlfldmtgs jmldey `roj @rgdhc)2 otcgrs mrg strgssga od tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg, g.f. msyjjgtrlh, agpodgdt, mkudamdt, mdtghgagdhg2 mdtghgagdhg 2 mda mfmld otcgrs od tcg mdtgpgduetljmtg syeemkeg, g.f. sldhgrlty, metltuag, kgdgvoegdt, kgdgvoegdt, slfdl`lhmdt slfdl`lhmdt 2 or gvgd ms `mr ms `our syeemkegs kmhb, g.f. iualhmturg. iualhmturg. Od m al``grgdt egvge, Gdfelsc wora-strgss cms egxlhme `gmturgs sldhg woras, or egxlhme ltgjs, cmvg tcglr alstldfulscldf mhhgdtumtlod (Auhcgt, Agshcmjps, @ourdlgr, mda O“Dgle ;>>191=). Qcg eoflh o` tcls =
Qcgsg two joages, wltc m alstldht dojgdhemturme mda `orjuemrlstlh vmrlmtlod, wgrg ldltlmeey prgsgdtga ld Kgitm (;>>8)9 tcgrgld, hojpegtg wora elsts mda gxhgptlods hmd meso kg hodsuetga /Kgblj Kgitm, ;>>8, Qcg Xoeutlod to Gdfelsc Vora Xtrgss, ^mrls9 E“Cmrjmttmd /.
mrfujgdt ls `mvourga ky m postuemtg ljpeyldf tcmt m vohmkeg ls pgrhglvga ky mdmeyzldf tcg wora-strgss ld qugstlod, ld maaltlod to tcg hodslagrmtlod pgrtmldldf to tcg hodsodmdtme mda vohmelh gegjgdts. Ms gxgjpel`lhmtlod, tcg wora metgrdmtg gjpeoyga dojldmeey mda maightlvmeey alspemys m pgduetljmtg strgss R9et9dtZ, wcgrgms tcg vgrkme utlelzmtlod gdtmles md mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss R 9etdgtZ2 sljlemrey, ld tcg maightlvgs hodsujjmtg, ldhmrdmtg strgss `mees od tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg Rb dsjtZ, Rdb 9dtZ wcleg ld tcg gtyjoeoflhmeey horrgspodaldf vgrks, strgss `mees od tcg mdtgpgduetljmtg syeemkeg R b dsjgtZ, Rdb 9dgtZ. Ky hodtrmst, wora-strgss ls qultg prgalhtmkeg ld sojg emdfumfgs. Ld @lddlsc mda Cudfmrlmd, strgss mejost systgjmtlhmeey `mees od tcg ldltlme syeemkeg o` m wora. Ld ^oelsc mda Vgesc, tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg hmrrlgs tcg strgss (sgg Fmrag =<0397). Qcg `ldme syeemkeg ls r gfuemrey strgssga ld @rgdhc, wltc tcg gxhgptlod o` tcg woras gdaldf ld m shcwm, ld wclhc hmsg tcg pgduet hmrrlgs tcg strgss. Ld tcgsg emdfumfgs, mhhgdtumtlods mrg stmkeg. M jgtcoalhmeey rgfuemr strgss systgj hmd meso kg oksgrvga ld Emtld2 tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg or tcg mdtgpgduetljmtg syeemkeg kgldf strgssga ld hodhoramdhg wltc tcg struhturg o` tcg pgduet. Qcls worb, ky wmy o` rgtrospghtlvg hoeelfmtlod, cms tcg okightlvg o` sukstmdtlmtldf tcg ld`eugdtlme gxgrtlod o` tcg Emtld mhhgdtume systgj upod prljmry strgss ld Gdfelsc. Qcg mdmeysls `ohusgs od Emtldlsjs mda od woras tcmt hmd kg trmhga kmhb to Emtldlh gtyjm. Gdfelsc wora-strgss vmrlmklelty jmy kg hod`oudaldf ms lt hojprlsgs m wcoeg rmdfg o` strgss posltlods. Qcgrg`org, kgyoda tcg oraldmry prohgaurg o` dotlhldf prljmry strgss strgss posltlod, tcg fome o` tcg prgsgdt prgsgdt mrtlheg ls to geuhlamtg geuhlamtg Gdfelsc Gdfelsc wora-strgss ky systgjmtlzldf systgjmtlzldf lt vlm Emtld mhhgdtumtlod.
;. Oea Gdfelsc prljmry strgss Qcg `lrst syeemkeg ‘ gxheualdf gxheualdf hgrtmld ldltlme udstrgssga prg`lxgs ‘ rghglvga rghglvga prljmry strgss ld Oea Gdfelsc. Qcg prg`lxgs ld qugstlod wgrg udstrgssmkeg, ky dmturg mda ky posltlod, wcgd mttmhcga to m stgj. Qcg prldhlpegs tcmt fovgrdga mhhgdtume hmtgforlzmtlod ld Oea Gdfelsc wgrg ms `oeeows9 - Juetlsyeemklh woras, ms wgee ms sljpeg woras, wgrg strgssga od tcg ldltlme syeemkeg. - ^rljmry mda sghodamry strgss houea kg oksgrvga mjodf hojpouda woras. Qcg `lrst hojpodgdt hmrrlga prljmry strgss, strgss, wcleg tcg sghoda sghoda hojpodgdt hojpodgdt rghglvga rghglvga sghodamry sghodamry strgss. strgss. - ^rg`lxga woras alspemyga metgrdmtldf pmttgrds. - Pgrkme prg`lxgs ala dot rghglvg prljmry strgss. - Dojldme mda maightlvme prg`lxgs hmrrlga prljmry strgss. - Qcg prg`lxgs kg-, `or-, mda ‘ mda ‘ fg, ala dot rghglvg prljmry strgss. - Vcgd m stgj fmvg rlsg horrgemtlodmeey to m doud mda m vgrk, m prg`lxme prljmry strgss scl`t agdotga tcg rgspghtlvg vgrkme or dojldme propgrtlgs2 tcg `lrst syeemkeg, l.g. tcg prg`lx, hmrrlga prljmry strgss wltc tcg dojldme pmttgrd, wcgrgms tcg stgj rghglvga prljmry strgss ld m vgrkme hod`lfurmtlod, g.f. od-fld (doud) od-flddmd (vgrk). Qcg Oea Gdfelsc strgss systgj wms suksgqugdtey sukightga to m scl`t ld alrghtlodmelty ms tcg mhhgdtume orlgdtmtlod swlthcga profrgsslvgey `roj tcg eg`t gafg to tcg rlfct gafg (Cmeeg & Bgysgr =<6=). Qcg Fgrjmdlh routldg o` posltlodldf mda mdmeyzldf prljmry strgss `roj tcg ldltlme syeemkeg rlfctwmras wms frmaumeey suppemdtga suppemdtga ky tcg Emtld joage o` agtgrjldldf agtgrjldldf strgss posltlod ` roj tcg `ldme syeemkeg eg`twmras. Qcls mhhgdtume alspemhgjgdt provlags hoeemtgrme gvlagdhg o` tcg ovgrwcgejldfey hodsgqugdtlme ldpourldf o` [ojmdhg eomdworas. Hgrtmld eldfulsts (Cmeeg & Bgysgr =<6=2 Emss =<<;) suffgst tcmt m Jlaaeg Gdfelsc empsg hojprlsldf mpproxljmtgey 0> ygmrs ( h=818-=1>>) ‘ gpltojlzga gpltojlzga ky Hcmuhgr ‘ mshgrtmlds mshgrtmlds tcg orlfld o` tcg scl`t ld alrghtlodmelty. Otcgr eldfulsts (Ioramd =<612 Jldbovm ;>>02 [ga`ora ;>>8) jmldtmld tcmt tcg `eow o` tcg mkovgjgdtlodga [ojmdhg eomdworas ala dot metgr Gdfelsc prljmry wora-strgss to ovgrwcgejldf ovgrwcgejldf proportlods. Qcg prgsgdt stuay, ky wmy o` gxgjpel`lhmtlvg leeustrmtlod, agjodstrmtgs mttgstmkey tcmt tcg scl`t ld alrghtlodmelty ls ldgxtrlhmkey hoddghtga to tcg Emtldmtg strgss systgj. Qcls wora-mhhgdt alspemhgjgdt toob
pemhg kgtwlxt kgtwlxt tcg `ourtggdtc `ourtggdtc mda mda slxtggdtc slxtggdtc hgdturlgs. Qcgrgld, tcg Gdfelsc egxlhod wms wms rmalhmeey rmalhmeey m``ghtga m``ghtga ky emrfg-shmeg emrfg-shmeg mda pgrslstgdt pgrslstgdt Emtldlsjs Emtldlsjs..
8. Egxlhofrmpclh vmelamtlod Ovgr 3>,>>> woras wgrg ldalvlaumeey mdmeyzga wltc m vlgw to vmelamtldf eldgme strgss mda gtyjlh strgss. Ky prgeljldmry hemssl`lhmtlod, tcg strgss joages ‘ mutostrgssga, mutostrgssga, strgss-dgutrme, gth. ‘ tcmt tcmt mrg dot gauhlkeg `roj Emtld wgrg hmtgforlzga sgpmrmtgey. ^rljmry strgss posltlod ld Gdfelsc wms hodsuetga hoeemtgrmey ld tcg Eodfjmd ^rodudhlmtlod ^rodudhlmtlod Alhtlodmry Alhtlodmry (Vgees (Vgees ;>>3). Xuksgqugdtey, eldgme strgss mda gtyjlh strgss wgrg m``lelmtga wltc tcg Emtldlh mhhgdtumtlod. [gfmraldf tcg strgssga syeemkegs ld Emtld, tcg mdmeysgs wgrg agrlvga `roj tcg horrgspodaldf cgmaworas tcmt wgrg fegmdga `roj tcg Alhtloddml tcg Alhtloddmlrg rg Emtld-@rmdæmls9 Emtld-@rmdæmls9 Eg Frmda Fm``lot (Fm``lot (Fm``lot ;>>>). Qcgrgld, tcg syeemkeg qumdtlty mda tcg almhrltlhs gdmkeg tcg lagdtl`lhmtlod o` tcg strgssga syeemkeg. Mhhgdtumeey, eldgme strgss orlfldmtgs alrghtey `roj Emtld strgss9 tcls pmrmeegelsj ls mshgrtmldga wltc tcg Emtldlh gdaldfs tcmt wgrg dot syeemklhmeey trudhmtga. Ms to tcg gtyjlh strgss, agrlvmtlodme jghcmdlsjs hojg to tcg `org9 tcg Emtld gtyjods ylgea tcg mdswgr wltc rgfmra to tcg Gdfelsc mhhgdtumelty mppgrtmldldf to tcg syeemklhmeey trudhmtga gdaldfs. Hodvgdtlodmeey, Emtld gtyjods mrg pmrgdtcgtlhmeey pmrgdtcgtlhmeey dotl`lga dotl`lga ld Fm``lot Fm``lot (;>>>), g.f. g.f. kg dg d d u g ` h m rlus rlus (kg dg g ` h uj). j). Qcg hojpmrmtlvg survgy rgsuetmdtey scows ldtgreldfume hodfrugdhg2 eldgme mhhgdtumtlod ‘ mppelhmkeg mppelhmkeg to tcg Emtldlh tgrjldmtlods tcmt wgrg dot sukightga to m `ldme syeemkeg agegtlod ld Gdfelsc ‘ ls ls rgfuemrey trmhga wltc udl`orjlty to Emtld, l.g. strgss `mees od tcg vgry smjg syeemkeg kotc ld Gdfelsc mda Emtld. ^grhgdtme `lfurgs agjodstrmtg ovgrwcgejldfey tcg strmlfct`orwmra ldtgreldfume trmds`gr o` mhhgdtumtlod. Ms `or tcg gtyjlh strgss ‘ mppelhmkeg mppelhmkeg to tcg Emtldlh tgrjldmtlods cmvldf udagrfodg m `ldme syeemkeg agegtlod ‘ sljlemr sljlemr rgsuets mrg hodioldtey maauhga. Qcg mppelhmklelty o` eldgme mda gtyjlh mhhgdtumtlod to tcg jmttgr mt cmda ls qumsl hojprgcgdslvg hojprgcgdslvg (<6%-<<%) wltc tcg woras tcmt mrg Emtld ld orlfld, wcgtcgr post`lxga or dot.
1. Vora-strgss propgrtlgs Xyeemkeg strgss ls dot sydodyjous sydodyjous to wora-strgss. Xyeemkeg strgss hcmrmhtgrlstlhs hcmrmhtgrlstlhs pgrtmld to m syeemklh mdmeysls `roj md mhhgdtume poldt o` vlgw2 wora-strgss hcmrmhtgrlstlhs mppgrtmld to m woray mdmeysls tcmt hojprlsgs `euhtumtldf udauemtlods sgqugdhga alstrlkutlvgey mhross tcg mrtlhuemtlod o` tcg hodstltugdt syeemkegs. Qcgrgupod, wora-strgss agfrggs mrg flvgd dumdhgs vlm gjpcmtlh aydmjlhs mda plthc vmrlmtlods. [ualjgdtmrley, jmld or prljmry wora-strgss slfdl`lgs tcmt m syeemkeg ls mhhgdtumeey jorg gjpcmslzga tcmd tcg otcgr syeemkegs. Cow hmd odg pldpoldt prljmry or jmld strgss wltcld m wora? Qcg mrtlhuemtory mda mualtory mspghts hojg ldto pemy ms tcgy clfcelfct tcg syeemkeg tcmt stmdas out ky hodtrmst wltc tcg otcgr syeemkegs tcmt mrg egss projldgdt. Qcg wmy syeemkegs mrg mrtlhuemtga ky tcg gdudhlmtor (mrtlhuemtory egvge) gdmkegs tcg elstgdgr (mualtory egvge) to eohmtg tcg syeemkeg hmrryldf prljmry strgss ms opposga to tcg otcgr syeemkegs (sgg [omhc ;>>;9<8). Qcg aghrgmsldf projldgdhg o` tcg uttgrga syeemkegs wlee tcgd `mhleltmtg tcg frmamtlod o` tcg wgmbgr syeemkegs rghglvldf sghodamry mda tgrtlmry strgss2 qumtgrdmry mda quldmry egvges mrg joauemtga ld hojpelmdhg wltc tcglr posltlod vls-î-vls tcg prljmry or sghodamry strgss. Ld otcgr woras, hgrtmld pmrmjgtgrs projotg tcg alstrlkutlod o` tcg hodtrmstlvg gjpcmsls to prljmry strgss, g.f. plthc, eouadgss, mda aurmtlod. Qcg syeemkeg hmrryldf prljmry strgss rghglvgs m plthc tcmt ls jmrbgaey clfcgr tcmd tcg plthc msslfdga to tcg rgjmldldf syeemkegs. Xodorous ldtgdslty gdtmles m jorg voeujldous eouadgss meeohmtga to tcg syeemkeg rghglvldf prljmry strgss ms opposga to tcg syeemkegs tcmt rghglvg sghodamry or tgrtlmry strgss. Aurmtlod or tcg mrtlhuemtldf egdftc o` tljg jmy ld`eugdhg tcg gdudhlmtor mda tcg elstgdgr wcleg eohmtldf prljmry strgss. Qcus, eodfgr syeemkegs mrg o`tgd pgrhglvga ms rghglvldf prljmry strgss. Qcg m`orgjgdtlodga pmrmjgtgrs mrg qultg rgelmkeg kut tcgy ao dot hovgr tcg wora-strgss msslfdjgdt ld lts gdtlrgty ms tcgrg mrg woras ld wclhc m syeemkeg hodtmlds m eodf vowge (or m alpctcodf) wltcout rghglvldf prljmry or sghodamry sghodamry strgss. strgss. Xuhc ls tcg hmsg hmsg wltc sojg sojg egmrdga egmrdga or hemsslhme hemsslhme prg`lxgs prg`lxgs ( al-, kl-, trl-, ho-, gth.)9
alfgstlvg Ra alfgstlvg RaagstvZ klmtcegtg Rk klmtcegtg Rkel9tZ fieZ cr dtZ trlmdfuemr Rtr Rtr hocgrgdt Rb Rb Qcg prg`lxgs al-, kl-, trl-, mda trl-, mda ho ho- ld ld tcg mkovg gxmjpegs mrg pcodofrmpcgjmtlhmeey horrgemtga to alpctcodfs wltcout hmrryldf prljmry or sghodamry strgss.
1.=. Wdauemtory strgss Hodvgdtlodmeey, strgss ls gxplrmtory or juslhme ky dmturg. Gxplrmtory or aydmjlh strgss rgqulrgs md ldhrgmsga gxgrtlod o` mrtlhuemtory orfmds. Juslhme or jgeoalh strgss dghgssltmtgs metgrmtlod or vmrlmtlod o` plthc. Ld sojg emdfumfgs, emdfumfgs, strgss strgss ls rgfmraga rgfmraga ms kgldf kgldf gxplrmtory, gxplrmtory, ld otcgrs otcgrs ms juslhme. juslhme. Dgvgrtcgegss, Dgvgrtcgegss, lt sggjs tcmt wora-strgss jmy sljuetmdgousey alspemy gxplrmtory mda juslhme `gmturgs2 l` suhc ls tcg hmsg, gltcgr tcg gxplrmtory or tcg juslhme mspght wlee prgpodagrmtg mhhgdtumeey (sgg Kmeey =<<69=;). Mdy wclhc wmy, tcg ojdl`mrlous agfrggs o` strgss cmvg udauemtory trmlts. ^lthc mda gjpcmtlh udauemtlods mrg hmagdhga ky vmrlgfmtldf mshgdts mda agshgdts. Md oshleemtlvg mda `euhtumtldf trmds`gr o` gdgrfy trmvgrsgs tcg mrtlhuemtlod o` tcg wora. Vcgd m wora ls gdudhlmtga lsoemtgaey (wora-strgss ls mdmeysga ld lsoemtlod), tcg gxplrmtlod o` mlr ls trlffgrga o`` wltc tcg ldltlme syeemkeg mda lt trmvges to tcg `ldme syeemkeg. Qcus, ldtgdsl`lhmtlods o` strgss mrg gxplrga to tcg mhhojpmdljgdt o` plthc vmrlmtlods. Qcgsg ldtgrtwldldf mda ovgremppldf `gmturgs, ky tcglr vgry dmturg, jmy kg elbgdga to md udauemtory strgss.
1.;. Dotmtlodme syjkoes Qcg syjkoe R˃Z ls utlelzga to agdotg prljmry or jmld strgss2 tcg syeemkeg tcmt hmrrlgs prljmry strgss ls prghgaga ky tcg supgrshrlpt supgrshrlpt vgrtlhme vgrtlhme eldg R ˃Z wcgd agslfdmtldf tcg mhhgdtumtlod o` m wora. Qcg syjkoe R ˅Z ls utlelzga to agdotg sghodamry strgss2 tcg syeemkeg tcmt rghglvgs sghodamry strgss ls prghgaga ky tcg sukshrlpt vgrtlhme eldg R ˅Z wcgd tcg mhhgdtumtlo mhhgdtumtlod d o` m wora ls poldtga out. Qcg syjkoe R Z Z agdotgs tgrtlmry strgss2 tcg syeemkeg tcmt tmbgs tgrtlmry strgss ls prghgaga ky tcg sukshrlpt syjkoe R Z. Z.
1.8. Vora-strgss agfrggs Qcg mhhgdtume ldtgeelflklelty ld Gdfelsc ls mjpey hovgrga ky tcg prldhlpegs tcmt fovgrd prljmry mda sghodamry strgss. Elbgwlsg, tcg hodtrmstlvg opposltlod kgtwggd m strgssga mda md udstrgssga syeemkeg ls su``lhlgdt ld tcg mdmeysls o` md Gdfelsc wora, gspghlmeey wcgd ag`ldldf tcg prgvmegdt ruegs tcmt fovgrd tcg horrgemtlods kgtwggd spgeeldfs mda soudas. Kgeow, `or tcg smbg o` mrfujgdt mda `or tcg smbg o` pgrleous gxcmustlvlty, L mttgjpt to hodslagr wltc dumdhg tcg aghrgmsldf agfrggs hojprlsga ld tcg gdudhlmtlod o` md Gdfelsc wora. Qcg `udamjgdtme prldhlpeg ls tcmt m syeemkeg hmddot kg hojpegtgey udstrgssga ms lt hmrrlgs sojg plthc, eouadgss, mda aurmtlod. Ld m egss projldgdt syeemkeg, tcgsg gegjgdts jmy kg trmds`grrga sgqugdtlmeey `roj m jorg projldgdt syeemkeg, ld m agshgdaldf eldg, to tcg eowgst poldt o` gxplrmtlod2 ld tcg jost projldgdt syeemkeg, tcgsg gegjgdts rgmhc tcg gjpcmtlh vgrtgx. Qcls prldhlpeg ls ldauhtlvgey agrlvga `roj m sgt o` mrtlhuemtory ljpelhmtlods9 M syeemkeg hodtmlds m vowge (scort, eodf, or m alpctcodf). M hodsodmdt or m hodsodmdtme froup jmy prghgag or `oeeow tcmt vowge. Qcg sgqugdhg o` soudas tcmt hojposg m syeemkeg ls mrtlhuemtga ms m wcoeg. Qcg proauhtlod o` m syeemkeg hodhojltmdtey gdtmles tcg gdudhlmtlod o` tcg hodstltugdt soudas ms tcgy mrg krgmtcga out o` tcg dosg mda joutc. M hgrtmld agfrgg o` strgss gdmkegs m syeemkeg to jmdl`gst ltsge`, l.g. so eodf ms m sgqugdhg o` soudas hodstltutgs m syeemkeg, lt scmee rghglvg sojg strgss. Qcg ldstmdt lt cms do strgss wcmtsogvgr, syeemklh syeemklh gelslod wlee ohhur, or jorg prghlsgey, m vowge agegtlod wlee dgutrmelzg syeemklh mutodojy2 hodsgqugdtey, tcg rgjmldldf hodsodmdt (l` tcg syeemkeg hojprlsga odg) wlee kg mpproprlmtga ky tcg prghgaldf or `oeeowldf syeemkeg. Qcls sgqugdtlme shcgjg pmvgs tcg wmy to tcg alshgrdjgdt o` sgvgrme agfrggs o` strgss ky hodhgptume agauhtlod.
Fgdgrmeey, `or tcg smbg o` hodvgdlgdhg mda sljpelhlty, odey tcg opposltlod kgtwggd m strgssga mda md udstrgssga syeemkeg ls tgrjldoeoflhmeey jmldtmldga2 sljlemrey, odey tcg hodtrmst kgtwggd prljmry mda sghodamry strgss ls utlelzga, wcgd mda l` dghgssmry. Od m al``grgdt dotg, ms rgfmras tcg jgtlhueous mhhgdtumtlod o` m wora, `lvg wora-strgss agfrggs hmd kg alstldfulscga9 prljmry strgss, sghodamry strgss, tgrtlmry strgss2 ld maaltlod, qumtgrdmry mda quldmry agfrggs mrg pgrhgptlkeg. Gvlagdtey, tcg syeemkeg rghglvldf prljmry strgss ls jorg projldgdt (or strodfgr) tcmd tcg otcgr syeemkegs. syeemkegs. Ld juetlsyeemklh woras elbg udhgrgjodlousdgss Rd sgr sgr jd l s dsZ, odg jmy oksgrvg `lvg strgss egvges. Qcg syeemkeg R- jd-Z tmbgs prljmry strgss ms lt ls tcg jost projldgdt syeemkeg. Qcg ldltlme syeemkeg Rd-Z ls egss projldgdt (or wgmbgr) tcmd tcg syeemkeg hmrryldf prljmry strgss R- jd-Z kut jorg projldgdt tcmd tcmd tcg rgjmldldf rgjmldldf syeemkegs syeemkegs (R- sgr-Z, sgr-Z, R--Z, R-l s-Z, R-dsZ). Qcus, tcg ldltlme syeemkeg R d-Z rghglvgs sghodamry strgss. Qcg syeemkeg R- sgr-Z sgr-Z ls wgmbgr tcmd tcg syeemkegs R- jd-Z (prljmry strgss) mda Rd-Z (sghodamry strgss) kut strodfgr tcmd tcg syeemkegs R- -Z, R-l s-Z, R-dsZ. Qcgrg`org, tcg syeemkeg R- sgr-Z sgr-Z hmrrlgs tgrtlmry strgss (tclra agfrgg). [cytcjlhmeey, tcg syeemkeg `oeeowldf prljmry or sghodamry strgss ls wgmbgr tcmd tcg syeemkeg tcmt ls sltumtga two syeemkegs m`tgr prljmry or sghodamry strgss. Qcls mhhgdtume propgrty `mhleltmtgs tcg hodtrmstlvg mualtory pgrhgptlod o` tcg dgxt two egvges. Mt m qumtgrdmry egvge, tcg syeemkeg ls wgmbey strgssga ‘ lt lt ls egss projldgdt tcmd tcmd tcg `lrst `lrst tcrgg agfrggs agfrggs ‘ kut kut lt ls dot totmeey agvola o` projldgdhg. projldgdhg. Qcg syeemkegs R- s-Z mda R-dsZ mrg `ouda mt tcg qumtgrdmry egvge, ygt tcgy mrg sojgwcmt strodfgr tcmd tcg syeemkegs R- -Z mda R-l-Z `or tcg mkovgjgdtlodga mkovgjgdtlodga rcytcjlhme rgmsods. Qcg syeemkegs R- -Z mda R-l-Z mrg eohmtga mt m quldmry egvge, ms tcgy mrg tcg wgmbgst sgqugdhgs ld tcg produdhlmtlod o` udhgrgjodlousdgss . @or tcg qumtgrdmry mda quldmry egvges tcg tgrj strgss tgrj strgss (or mhhgdt ) scmee dot kg gjpeoyga sldhg tcg strgss propgrtlgs mt tcgsg two egvges mrg jmldey hmrrlga ovgr wltc m rcytcjlhme agshgdt `roj tcg prghgaldf prljmry, sghodamry, or tgrtlmry strgss. Otcgr juetl-syeemklh woras hmd sljlemrey mda mdmeofousey hodtrmst tcg qumtgrdmry egvge wltc tcg quldmry odg, g.f. ldalfgstlklelty9 ldalfgstlklelty9 Rd a agst k ke t lZ ‘ R R- k ke-Z prljmry strgss2 R d-Z sghodamry strgss2 R- agst-Z tgrtlmry strgss2 R-lZ qumtgrdmry egvge2 R-a -Z, R--Z, R-t-Z quldmry egvge. Xuppegjgdtmeey, m jorpco-sgjmdtlh aghojposltlod ldto hodstltugdts iustl`lgs tcg strgss frmamtlod o` tcg wora udhgrgjodlousdgss Rd sgr sgr jd l s dsZ9 - udhgrgjodlous udhgrgjodlous agrlvgs `roj hgrgjodlous. - hgrgjodlousdgss hgrgjodlousdgss agrlvgs `roj hgrgjodlous. - udhgrgjodlousdgss udhgrgjodlousdgss agrlvgs sljuetmdgousey `roj udhgrgjodlous mda udhgrgjodlous mda hgrgjodlousdgss. - Qcg prg`lx ud- ls ud- ls mttmhcga to m wora wltcout joal`yldf lts prljmry strgss propgrty. - Elbgwlsg, tcg su``lx ‘ su``lx ‘ dgss ls dgss ls iuxtmposga to m wora wltcout metgrldf lts mhhgdtumtlod. - Hodsgqugdtey, prljmry strgss ls eohmtga ld ‘ ld ‘ hgrgjodlous hgrgjodlous ‘ . Qcg agrlvldf gegjgdt hgrgjodlous gdas wltc tcg tgrjldmtlod ‘ tgrjldmtlod ‘ lous2 lous2 ‘ lous hodtmlds lous hodtmlds tcg ldltlme hojkldmtlod l+P (l + m vowge). ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg ljjgalmtgey prghgaldf m su``lx tcmt hodtmlds md ldltlme l+P . Qcg strgssga jodofrmpclh vowges hmrryldf prljmry strgss ld tcls hodtgxt mrg eodf ( ‘ g ‘ Rl9Z, Rl9Z, ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ u R(i)u9Z) R(i)u9Z) or alpctcodfme ( m Rg RgZ, o R RZ) wltc tcg gxhgptlod o` l wclhc wclhc ls scort R Z. Ld udhgrgjodlousdgss , sgjmdtlhmeey mda pcodoeoflhmeey, sghodamry strgss ls mpproprlmtga ky tcg sgpmrmkeg prg`lx ud ‘ ms ms lt ls agdotmtlvgey jorg ljportmdt tcmd tcg sgqugdhg ‘ hgr hgr ‘ rghglvldf rghglvldf sghodamry strgss ld dlousdgs s2 ld maaltlod, tcg strodf scort vowge R Z leeustrmtgs tcg scl`t o` gjpcmsls. Qcg prg`lx ud ‘ hgrgjo dlousdgss2 ls sgjmdtlhmeey sgpmrmkeg kghmusg lt cms md mutodojous jgmdldf ld tcg wora udhgrgjodlousdgss . Vltc -hgr-, -hgr- , tcg sghodamry strgss ld orlfld kghojgs tgrtlmry strgss2 lt stlee rghglvgs jorg strgss tcmd tcg rgjmldldf syeemkegs sldhg projldgdhg ls hmrrlga ovgr `roj tcg sghodamry strgss lt cma ld hgrgjodlous. hgrgjodlous . Qcg syeemkeg R sZ orlfldmtgs `roj tcg sgqugdhg -us tcmt -us tcmt alspemys su``lxme propgrtlgs ld Emtld2 elbgwlsg, RdsZ ls m su``lxme gegjgdt ld Gdfelsc. Qcg vowges R- -Z mda R-l-Z R -l-Z orlfldmtg `roj tcg Emtld syeemkegs tcmt
hodstltutg ldsgpmrmkeg post-mhhgdtume gegjgdts kgeodfldf to gtyjoeoflhme stgjs. Grfo, R sZ mda RdsZ mrg flvgd sgjmdtlh mda rcytcjlh prlorlty ovgr R- -Z mda R-l-Z ld m syeemklh wora-strgss frmamtlod.
1.1. Mhhgdtume rgstrlhtlods ^rljmry strgss propgrtlgs mrg mttrlkutga to odey odg syeemkeg wltcld m wora ( Fulgrrg =<319;1). Qwo suhhgsslvg prljmry strgssgs, m sghodamry strgss `oeeowga ljjgalmtgey ky m prljmry strgss, g.f. rg ao, ao, mda m prljmry strgss `oeeowga ljjgalmtgey ky m sghodamry strgss, g.f. m emrj emrj lsj, lsj, wlee kg pgrhglvga sgjmdtlhmeey ms two mutodojous gegjgdts. Odg o` tcg `lrst two syeemkegs o` tcg wora just hmrry prljmry or sghodamry strgss. Xghodamry strgss usumeey prghgags prljmry strgss. Qwo or tcrgg syeemkegs mrg rgqulrga kgtwggd sghodamry sghodamry mda mda prljmry strgss.
7. Vora-strgss hemssl`lhmtlods tcmt mrg dot pgrtldgdt to Emtld strgss Qcls sghtlod jlshgeemdgousey hojprlsgs mhhgdtume hod`lfurmtlods tcmt ao dot orlfldmtg `roj Emtld strgss.
7.=. Xtrgss-dgutrme M strgss-dgutrme su``lx ls maaga to m kmsg wltcout joal`yldf lts mhhgdtumtlod. Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme su``lxgs mrg jostey vgrdmhuemr, g.f. -aoj ˃`rggaoj, ˃jmrtyraoj2 -gd ˃so`tgd, ˃foeagd2 -`oea ˃hgdtrg`oea, ˃cudarga`oea2 -`orj ˃wmvg`orj, ˃hudgl`orj2 -`ue ˃ kmsbgt`ue, kmsbgt`ue, ˃agelfct`ue2 -cooa ˃ krotcgrcooa, krotcgrcooa, ˃dglfckourcooa2 -egss ˃g``ortegss, ˃amudtegss2 -ey ˃`mtcgrey, ˃qulhbey2 -dgss ˃`orflvgdgss, ˃fooadgss2 -sclp ˃hcmjplodsclp, ˃ pro`gssorsclp2 pro`gssorsclp2 -sojg ˃huaaegsojg, ˃wcoegsojg2 -tc ˃tcousmdatc, ˃sgvgdtc2 -wlsg ˃ kromawlsg, kromawlsg, ˃heohbwlsg2 -lsj kgcmvlourlsj, joagrdlsj2 -lst cujmdlst, trmaltlodmelst2 -lzg dorjmelzg, rgfuemrlzg.
7.;. Mutostrgssga Mutostrgssga su``lxgs mda gdaldfs, jostey @rgdhc ld orlfld, mttrmht prljmry strgss od tcgjsgevgs, g.f. -mag hm˃shmag, ˅egjo˃dmag2 -mlrg hod˅hgsslo˃dmlrg, ˅qugstlod ˃dmlrg2 -gg ˅ldvl˃tgg, ˅maargss˃gg2 -gge fgd˃tgge2 -ggd hmd˃tggd, km˃eggd2 -ggr ˅gdfl˃dggr, ˅voeud˃tggr2 -geeg hcmd˃ageeg, dm˃hgeeg2 -gsg ˅egfm˃egsg, o` ˅`lhlm˃egsg2 -gssg `l˃dgssg, ˅ poel poel˃tgssg2 -gttg ˅mdl˃sgttg, fm˃zgttg2 -lqug kou˃tlqug, u˃dlqug2 -mqug o˃ pmqug, pmqug, jm˃hmqug2 -gsqug ˅cujo˃rgsqug, ˅ plhtu plhtu˃rgsqug2 -gur aou˃hgur, mu˃tgur2 -gusg hcmr ˃trgusg, ˅jltrmlee ˃gusg2 poo, ˅ pggbm pggbm˃ koo2 koo2 -ood aou˃ keood, keood, emj˃ pood2 pood2 -smd ˅mrtl˃smd, ˅ pmrtl pmrtl˃smd. -oo scmj˃ poo, Elbgwlsg, m hodslagrmkeg dujkgr o` jlshgeemdgous @rgdhc eomdworas mrg strgssga od tcg emst syeemkeg (g.f. hm˃ prlhg, prlhg, gd gd˃tgdtg, `m˃æmag, fl ˃rm``g, jm˃rldg, jo˃tl`, vg˃eour, gth.).
7.8. Dod-prg`lxga alsyeemkegs <>% to <7% o` tcg dod-prg`lxga alsyeemkegs rghglvg prljmry strgss od tcg `lrst syeemkeg, g.f. ˃eotus, ˃tlfgr, klttgr, ˃egdtle, ˃splrlt, ˃emay, ˃wldtgr, ˃trmvge, ˃jmrvge, ˃jgmsurg, ˃dokeg, ˃wojmd, ˃jorme, ˃codour, ˃`ldfgr, ˃ klttgr, ˃jgeeow, ˃`oeeow, ˃sgtteg, ˃dmrrow, ˃fmeeod, ˃jgaaeg, ˃elttgr, ˃syjkoe, ˃hovgr, ˃hmtgr, ˃mdfge, ˃hcmjkgr, kmsbgt, ˃cldagr, ˃qulvgr, ˃qumvgr, ˃sclvgr, ˃soealgr, ˃tmrfgt, ˃cmstgd, ˃mdswgr, ˃wgmpod, ˃jmstgr, ˃smjpeg, ˃ kmsbgt, pmsturg, ˃ pemstgr, pemstgr, ˃`mstgd, ˃felstgd, ˃`mtcgr, ˃jotcgr, gth. ˃ pmsturg, ^grhgdtmfg `lfurgs vmry mhhoraldf to tcg alhtlodmry utlelzga. Qcg gxhgptlods mrg jostey alsyeemklh woras orlfldmtldf `roj @rgdhc tcmt mrg hemssl`lga hemssl`lga ld mutostrgssga mutostrgssga gdaldfs.
7.1. ^rg`lxga alsyeemkegs m) doud strgssga od tcg prg`lx2 vgrk strgssga od tcg r oot9 ˃m``lx, ˃hojpouda, ˃hojprgss, ˃ pgrjlt, pgrjlt, ˃ proight proight (doud) (doud) m` ˃`lx, hoj˃ pouda, pouda, hoj˃ prgss, prgss, pgr ˃jlt, pro˃ ight ight (vgrk) (vgrk) k) strgss metgrdmtlod metgrdmtlod aogs aogs dot ohhur2 ohhur2 vgrks vgrks mda douds mrg strgssga strgssga od tcg tcg prg`lx9 ˃hojpmss, ˃o``gr, ˃agtmle, ˃sur`mhg, ˃su``lx h) strgss metgrdmtlod aogs dot ohhur2 vgrks mda douds mrg strgssga od tcg root9 mh˃hemlj, mp˃ promhc, promhc, hoe˃empsg, hod ˃hgrd, ag˃heldg @or mhhgdtumtlod ld alsyeemkegs, sgg tcg eldfulst shcoemr Auhcgt (=<<=9;8).
7.7. ^rg`lxga dod-su``lxga trlsyeemklh vgrks m) pgduetljmtg strgss `or vgrks tcmt cmvg m sldfeg jodosyeemklh prg`lx9 hod˃`lfurg, ag˃vgeop, gd˃elfctgd, rg˃sgjkeg, ld ˃cmklt k) `ldme-syeemkeg `ldme-syeemkeg strgss `or vgrks wltc two jodosyeemklh jodosyeemklh prg`lxgs9 prg`lxgs9 ˅hojprg˃cgda, ˅hold˃hlag, ˅horrg˃spoda, ˅rgsur ˃rght, ˅rgprg˃sgdt
7.0. -y m) Xtrgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ y. fgofrmpcy, or tcofrmpcy, hcrodofrmpcy, clstorlofrmpcy, mdmeofy, gtyjoeofy, syjjgtry, cojodyjy, sydodyjy, alhcotojy, klofrmpcy k) Xtrgss `mees `mees od tcg `lrst syeemkeg syeemkeg o` tcg `lrst gegjgdt gegjgdt wclhc `orjs tcg hojpouda. hojpouda. pmtrlmrhcy, agjmfofy, pgamfofy, pgamfofy, mdflopemsty, rcldopemsty, cgtgrmrhcy, jmtrlmrhcy, oelfmrhcy, pmtrlmrhcy, mpopegxy, stgdotypy, stgrgotypy, armjmturfy @roj md mhhgdtume pgrspghtlvg, tcgsg woras jmldey alspemy hojpouda hcmrmhtgrlstlhs. Odey woras orlfldmtldf `roj Frggb mrg prgsgdtga cgrg2 gxheualdf tcg su``lxgs gdaldf ld ‘ y (-lty, -l`y, gdhy, gth.), ms wgee ms tcg maightlvg-`orjldf ‘ maightlvg-`orjldf ‘ y ( y (strgss-dg strgss-dgutrme) utrme) mda doud-`orjldf ‘ doud-`orjldf ‘ y (strgss-dgutrme), (strgss-dgutrme), mda so `ortc.
0. Emtld mhhgdt Ld Mrhcmlh Emtld ‘ Emtld ‘ meso meso bdowd ms Oea Emtld, mda Gmrey Emtld ‘ Emtld ‘ mhhgdt mhhgdt wms sggjldfey juslhme. Qcg felag towmras md gxplrmtory mhhgdt, vlm Hemsslhme Emtld to Emtg Emtld, ohhurrga profrgsslvgey mda wms, qultg elbgey, hojpegtga ky tcg `ourtc hgdtury. Qcg gssgdtlme agshrlptlod o` Hemsslhme Emtld mhhgdt stlee emhbs hgrtmldty ms spghuemtlvg alspmrltlgs sukslstga mjodf Emtldlst shcoemrs9 `or gxmjpeg, Jgleegt (=<;39 ;1=;1;), kgelgvga tcmt lt wms juslhme, wcgrgms Eldasmy (=3<19 hcmp. lll, § l) rgfmraga lt ms gxplrmtory. Ms rgfmras Mrhcmlh Emtld, tcg tgrj mhhgdt ls ls jorg mpproprlmtg tcmd strgss tcmd strgss.. Mt egmst `or tcg pgrloa o` tljg tcmt prghgaga tcg ljpegjgdtmtlo ljpegjgdtmtlod d o` tcg gxplrmtory gxplrmtory mhhgdt mhhgdt (Hemsslhme (Hemsslhme Emtld Emtld mda Emtg Emtld)2 Emtld)2 `roj tcgd tcgd od, gxplrmtory mhhgdt hmd hmd kg sukstltutga wltc tcg tgrj strgss. Qcg projldgdhg tcmt ls mttmldga ky cglfctgdldf or vmryldf tcg plthc flvgs rlsg to tcg juslhme mhhgdt, wcleg tcg projldgdhg tcmt ls mhclgvga ky ldtgdsl`yldf or vmryldf tcg strgss flvgs rlsg to gxplrmtory mhhgdt (sgg Dlgagrjmdd Dlgagrjmdd =<<69==)2 cgdhg, cgdhg, tcg tcg tgrj strgss tgrj strgss ms ms sydodyjous to mhhgdt (sgg (sgg ^opg =<8197<).
0.=. Vora-strgss posltlod ld Hemsslhme Emtld Gvlagdtey, ld jodosyeemklh woras, tcg soeg syeemkeg o` tcg wora rghglvga tcg strgss projldgdhg. Hodsgqugdtey, jodosyeemkegs cma oxytodlh strgss. Alsyeemklhs alspemyga pmroxytodlh strgss ms tcgy wgrg rgfuemrey strgssga od tcg ldltlme syeemkeg. Ld Hemsslhme Emtld, m jgtcoalhme systgj fovgrdga wora-strgss
posltlod `or trlsyeemklh trlsyeemklh mda poeysyeemklh poeysyeemklh woras. woras. Mt tcls egvge o` mdmeysls, mdmeysls, tcg hodhgpt hodhgpt o` syeemkeg syeemkeg qumdtlty qumdtlty (eodf or scort syeemkeg) wms prljoralme ms lt usga to hodaltlod tcg hojprgcgdslod o` tcg strgssga syeemkeg2 hodhgptumeey, m Emtld eodf syeemkeg wms dot dghgssmrley sydodyjous to m eodf vowge. M syeemkeg wms eodf ‘ ky ky dmturg ‘ l` l` lt hodtmldga m eodf vowge or m alpctcodf2 m syeemkeg wms eodf ‘ ky ky posltlod ‘ l` l` lt hodtmldga m vowge (scort or eodf) `oeeowga ky two or jorg hodsodmdts (or ky tcg egttgr x egttgr x22 x : two hodsodmdts) wltc tcg gxhgptlod o` m sgqugdhg hodslstldf o` m peoslvg + r or or e . M syeemkeg wms scort l` lt hodtmldga m scort vowge `oeeowga ky m sldfeg hodsodmdt or ky m sgqugdhg hodslstldf o` m peoslvg + r or or e 2 m syeemkeg wms meso scort l` lt hodtmldga m scort vowge `oeeowga ky mdotcgr vowge (kgeodfldf to tcg dgxt syeemkeg). Qcg corlzodtme jmrb ( ), ), tgrjga jmhrod, jmhrod, ls pemhga ovgr m vowge to slfdme tcmt lt ls eodf. Qcg mrhga jmrb ( ), ), tgrjga krgvg, krgvg , ls pemhga ovgr m vowge to slfdme tcmt lt ls scort. Qcg pgduetljmtg or tcg mdtgpgduetljmtg syeemkeg wms strgssga ld mhhoramdhg wltc tcg hodtgdt o` tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg. Qcg pgduetljmtg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg syeemkeg wms wms strgssga l` lt wms eodf. eodf. Qcg mdtgpgduet mdtgpgduetljmtg ljmtg syeemkeg syeemkeg wms strgssga l` tcg pgduet wms scort. Qcg strgssga syeemkeg ls tcg todlh syeemkeg (hmrryldf prljmry strgss). M houdtgrtodlh syeemkeg (rghglvldf m sghodamry strgss) houea kg oksgrvga ld m prg-todlh posltlod. Qcg `lrst djtm prg-todlh syeemkeg syeemkeg hmrrlga hmrrlga tcg sghodamry strgss, strgss, g.f. g.f. j mfdm tm s, s, fgstm to. o. Ld sljpegr tgrjs ‘ Xtrgss `gee od tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg9 syeemkeg9 - l` lt hodtmldga m eodf vowge, g.f. vlrt Ţtgj, pĈdĈhĘm - l` lt hodtmldga m alpctcodf, g.f. tcĘs murus, metcmgm - l` lt hodtmldga m vowge (scort or eodf) `oeeowga ky two or jorg hodsodmdts wltc tcg gxhgptlod gxhgptlod o` m sgqugdhg hodslstldf o` m peoslvg + r or or e , g.f. Ĉfgdam, jŊjgdtuj Xtrgss `gee od tcg mdtgpgduetljmtg syeemkeg9 hodsodmdt, g.f. rĈp Ī aĪtčs, aĪtčs, Ęeėfmds - l` tcg pgduet hodtmldga m scort vowge `oeeowga ky m sldfeg hodsodmdt, - l` tcg pgduet hodtmldga m scort vowge `oeeowga ky m sgqugdhg hodslstldf o` m peoslvg + r or or e, g.f. e, g.f. tėdėkrčs, ldtėfrŊ - l` tcg pgduet hodtmldga m scort vowge `oeeowga ky mdotcgr vowge (kgeodfldf to tcg dgxt syeemkeg), g.f. jčtėrĪm, g`` lhĪgds
6. ^rljmry wora-strgss ld Gdfelsc Emtld mhhgdtumtlod mhhgdtumtlod cms gstmkelscga gstmkelscga tcg `oudamtlod ` oudamtlod o` Gdfelsc prljmry wora-strgss. Ky gxtgdslod, lts prldhlpegs mrg gtyjoeoflsga gtyjoeoflsga tcroufc tcroufc tcg mhhgdtum mhhgdtumee systgj tcmt rgfuemtga rgfuemtga strgss ld Hemsslhme Hemsslhme Emtld. @urtcgr, @urtcgr, prljmry strgss, strgss, vlm tcg mhhgdtume mhhgdtume rgstrlhtlods, rgstrlhtlods, m``ghts tcg alstrlkutlod alstrlkutlod mhross mhross tcg wora-strgss wora-strgss frmamtlod. frmamtlod. Agshrlptlods tcmt hustojmrley ldalhmtg prljmry strgss posltlod, ld hojpelmdhg wltc tcg post`lxgs, mppgrtmld `udamjgdtmeey to m agplhtlvg egvge2 mekglt mhhurmtg, tcgy jgrgey poldt out tcg syeemkeg hmrryldf prljmry strgss wltcout soevldf tcg `euhtumtldf hodudaruj o` Gdfelsc prljmry strgss tcmt ls sukight to prosoalh vmrlmtlod. Qcg hurrgdt stuay, mslag `roj tcg m`orgjgdtlodga agplhtlvg egvge, ls md mttgjpt to geuhlamtg prljmry worastrgss ld Gdfelsc ‘ wltc wltc tcg gxheuslod o` tcg strmlfct`orwmra wora-strgss hemssl`lhmtlods prgsgdtga mkovg (strgss-dgutrme, mutostrgssga, gth.). Qcg hrux o` tcg mrtlheg hojprlsgs two wora-strgss typgs, vlagelhgt, eldgme strgss mda gtyjlh strgss. Kotc, eldgme strgss mda gtyjlh strgss, mrg agrlvga `roj Emtld mhhgdtumtlod. Qcg mppromhc maoptga ld tcg prgsgdt stuay tgdas to agjodstrmtg rgsuetmdtey rgsuetmdtey tcmt wora-strgss ld Gdfelsc alspemys rlforous eoflh wclhc hmd kg sljpey `orjuemtga ld hodhrgtg tgrjs.
6.=. Eldgme strgss L` tcg `ldme syeemkeg o` tcg Emtld tgrjldmtlod ls dot gelaga ld Gdfelsc, prljmry strgss eldgmeey agauhgs lts mhhgdtumtlod `roj Emtld ;. ;
^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg smjg syeemkeg ms ld Emtld, l` tcg `ldme syeemkeg o` tcg Emtld gdaldf ls dot agegtga ld Gdfelsc.
kg dgvoegdt ‘ kėdėvŏegds ag podgdt - agpodgds ˃
6.;. Gtyjlh strgss L` tcg `ldme syeemkeg o` tcg Emtld tgrjldmtlod ( rgjga mels) ls gelaga ld Gdfelsc, prljmry strgss ( rg jgalme) agauhgs lts mhhgdtumtlod `roj tcg Emtld gtyjod ( rgjga uj)8. rg jgalme - rgjga rgjga uj 4 (rgjga mels) kgdg `lhlmry - kg kgdg dg` ` h uj 4 (kgdg` h mrlus)
6.8. Gxgjpel`lhmtlod o` eldgme strgss -lty ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lty. lty. m s, hgrk m s, m s, fetm m s, em m hr m s, m s, mksuralty-mksuratm t s, mhgrklty-m hgrktm t s, mavgrslty-mavgrstm t s, mflelty-m t s, memhrlty- m e hr tm t s, mdtlqulty-mdtqu qutm t s, hodhmvlty- hodhm tm s, hodsmdfuldlty-hodsmdfudtms, tms, hodtldulty-hodtdu du t s, hodvgxlty-hodvgxtm t s, hrualty-hru t s, vtm s, tm m s, m s, atm m s, hu plalty-hu plalty-hu t s, aghelvlty-ag hevtm t s, alfdlty- alfdtm t s, alvgrslty-avgrs vgrstm t s, aojgstlhlty-ao jgsthtm t s, gdorjlty-g dorjtm t s, p atm m s, he m s, m s, m s, jgst m s, dorj m s, gqumelty- mgqum t s, gqumdljlty-mgqum t s, gqulty-mgqutm t s, gxlfulty-gxfu fu t ms, g xtrgjlty-gxtrg t s, `meslty-`mestm t s, etm m s, djtm m s, m s, tms, jtm m s, m s, je m r ehtm s, g etm m s, tgrd dg ro stm m s, `mjlelmrlty-`m r tms, t ms, `gelhlty-`g tm s, `lagelty-` ag a t s, `rmtgrdlty- `rm tgrdtms, tms, fgdgroslty- fg dg ro t s, fgdtlelty-fgdtetm t s, cujmdlty-cu j t s, cujlalty-cu t s, cujlelty-cu t s, ljjgdslty-ljjgdstm t s, ld`ldlty- ld` dtm t s, m s, jm m dtm m s, jatm m s, jetm m s, m s, m s, ldtgfrlty-ldtg fr tms, t ms, elj plalty-eljp plalty-eljpal a ltm t s, euhlalty-eu t s, jmfdmdljlty-jmfdm t s, o kelqulty kelqulty- okequ qutm t s, pmrlty-pm pmrlty-pm r tm t s, fr m s, hatm m s, djtm m s, m s, r m s, pgrpg pgrpgtulty-pgrpg tu tms, proklty-pro proklty-pro t s, smdlty-sm t s, sghurlty-sg hu r tm t s, sgrgdlty-sg r t s, aglty-ag t s, tu tms, k tm m s, dtm m s, hu r m s, rg g dtm m s, tm m s, mjklfulty-mjkfu r g tm m s fu tm tms, s, hod frulty-hodfru tm tms2 s2 m`tgr ‘ m`tgr ‘ l, -lty kghojgs -lty kghojgs ‘ ‘ gty9 gty9 plgty-p plgty-p gtm tms, s, so hlgty- so h gtm tms, s, vmrlgty-vm r t -lod ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lod. lod. mk krgvl krgvlmtlod-mkkrg o, mkalhmtlod-mkahm h o, mhhgegrmtlod-mhhg e r tlo, mhhgp tmtlod-mhhgptm o, mr tlhuemtlod-mrthu hu e o, v m to, m to, eg g rm m tlo, to, em m to, e o, hltmtlod-htm t o, hojjudlhmtlod-hojju h o, hodagdsmtlod-hodagdsm o, horpormtlod-horpo r o, hlrhuemtlod- hlrhu em m to, m to, dhm m to, to, rm m to, hem j o, aghemrmtlod-ag hem r o, aghormtlod-ag ho r o, agalhmtlod-ag h o, agtgstmtlod-ag tgstm o, aghemjmtlod-ag hem jm m to, hem rm m to, ho rm m to, ahm m to, tgstm to, alhtmtlod-alhtm o, alemtmtlod-aem e t o, gauhmtlod-g au h o, gjmdmtlod-g j d o, geod fmtlod-g eodfm o, fgdgrmtlod to, m tm m to, au hm m to, jm m dm m to, eodfm to, fg d r o, fgjldmtlod-fg d o, fgrjldmtlod-fgrjdm d o, fgstmtlod-fgstm o, fgstlhuemtlod-fgsthu hu e o, cmkltmtlod dg g rm m to, jdm m to, m to, to, em m to, cm t o, lrrlfmtlod-lrr fm f o, ltgrmtlod-tg t r o, iukl iuklemtlod-iu e o, eohmtlod-eo h o, jmturmtlod-jm tu r o, jgalhmtlod k tm m to, m to, g rm m to, k em m to, hm m to, tu rm m to, jg h o, joauemtlod-jo au e o, dmr rmtlod-dmrrm o, oksgr vmtlod-oksgrvm o, orlfldmtlod- o r f d ahm m to, au em m to, to, to, r dm m to -gous ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ gous. gous. h us, hrgtmhgous-hrg t h us, sue pcurgous-sue`u pcurgous-sue`u r us, lfdgous-lfdg us, gr rodgous-grro d us, elfdgous-elfdg us, mrfleemhgous-mrfleem hg g us, tm m hg g us, rg g us, us, dg g us, us us, ossgous-ossg us, vltrgous-vltrg us, `mrldmhgous-`m r dm d hg us, fmeeldmhgous-fmeedm d h us, cgr kmhgous-cgrkm kmhgous-cgrkm h us, huprgous-hu prg us, us, us, r m hg us, m hg g us, hg g us, sm m hg g us, rm m dg g us, rm m dg g us, dg g us, rosmhgous-ro s h us, hodtgjpormdgus-hodtgjpo r d us, gxtgjpormdgous-gxtgjpo r d us, jlshgeemdgous-jlshgeem d us, spodtmdgous-spodtm d us, sukhutmdgous-sukhu t d us, hodsmdfuldgous-hodsmdfudg d us, smdfuldgous-smdfudg d us dg g us, tm m dg g us, g us, g us -lous ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lous. lous. hgdsorlous-hgdso r us, u r tr hus, us, mdxlous-mdxus, us, mkstgjlous-mkstg us, mavgdtltlous-mavgdthus, us, `mhtltlous r s, jgrgtrlhlous-jg rg g tr jus, `mhthus, us, jgrltorlus-jg r to t o r us, u ` rlus, peuvlous-peu peuvlous-peu us, prgvlous-prmgv prgvlous-prmgvus, us, uxorlous-uxo r us, u r us, u r r s, dg`mrlous-dg `m m rlus, vus, r s, vmrlous-vm r s, vlhmrlous-vhm h r us u m r s
8
L` tcg emst syeemkeg o` tcg Emtld gdaldf ( -ls) ls agegtga ld Gdfelsc, tcg strgssldf o` rg jgalme `oeeows jgalme `oeeows tcg pmttgrd o`
tcg Emtld wora rgjga jga uj `roj wclhc ls agrlvga rgjga jga mels. els. Qcls ls gtyjlh strgss.
-uous ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ uous. uous. us, us, us, us, us, msslauous-mssau au us, hodfruous-hodfru us, mj klfuous-mjk klfuous-mjkfu fu us, mrauous-mrau us, hodsplhuous-hodsphu hu us, hodtlfuoushodtfu fu us, hodtlduous-hodtdu du us, aghlauous-ag au us, gxlfuous-gxfu fu us, `mtuous-`m tu us, ldhodsplhuous-ldhodsphu hu us, us, us, hau us, us, tu us, us, ldfgduous-ldfg du us, jgeel`euous-jgee`eu `eu us, pgrs plhuous-pgsp plhuous-pgsphu hu us, su pgr`euous-su pgr`euous-su us du us, us, us, pgr`eu us -ous m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss mdmeofous-m d eo fus, mdojmeous-m do j eus, mdodyjous-m do dy jus, mhgpcmeous-m h eus, mhlaueous-m au eus, kmrkmrous kmrkmrous dm m eo fus, do jm m eus, do dy jus, hg g pcm eus, hau eus, kmrkm rus, klkueous klkueous- k ku eus, klfmjous-k klfmjous-kfm f jus, hodtgrjldous-hodtgrjdus, dus, hrgaueous-hrg au eus, `rlvoeous-`r vo v eus, rus, eus, m jus, au eus, o eus, fmrrueous-fmrru eus, jo dy jus, au eus, djus, eus, cojodyjous-co jo dy jus, ldhrgaueous-ldhrg au eus, jmfdmdljous-jmfdm jus, jodofmjousjo do f jus, jodotodus-jo do to dus, oegmfldous-o e dus, ojdlvorous-ojdvo vo rus, ovlpmrous-o rus, pmtueous-pm pmtueous-pm tu eus, do fm m jus, do to dus, eg g m fdus, rus, v pm rus, tu eus, pgdaueous-pgdau pgdaueous-pgdau eus, shrupueous-shru eus, sgaueous-sg au eus, trgjueous-trg ju eus, udmdljous-u d jus eus, pu eus, au eus, ju eus, dm m djus k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss stu pgdaous-stu pgdaous-stu trgjgdaous-trg jgdaus, cor rgdaous-corrgdaus, hmauhous-hm au hus pgdaus, jgdaus, au hus -lm ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lm. lm. mj kroslm-mjkro kroslm-mjkro m, mpoeoflm-m eo m, mk sgdtlm-mksgdtm, m, mhmhlm-m h m, mrtgjlslm-mrtg m, krodhclm-krodhc krodhclm-krodhcm, m, hmhcgxlm sm, po eo fm, hm m hm, jsm, hm hcgxm, m, hurlm-hu r m, m , ghhegslm-ghheg m, ldgrtlm-dgrt dgrtm, m, jmtgrlm-jm t r m, m , jldutlm-jdu du m, rgfmelm-rg f m, Mrmklm-ċrm m, hcgx r sm, tg g r tm, fm m em, k m, dm, dm Me kmdlm-Mekm kmdlm-Mekm m, Mslm- ċsm, m, Lodlm-ĥo -luj ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ luj. luj. qum r qu r j, hoeegfluj-hoeeg fuj, mqumrluj-m qum r uj, uj, hoeeoquluj-hoeeo quuj, uj, hoj pgdaluj-hojpgda pgdaluj-hojpgdauj, uj, mualtorluj-muato to r uj, u uj, uj, `oeluj-`o uj, codormrluj-co do r r uj, u ro eo uj, lj pgrluj-ljpg pgrluj-ljpg r uj, uj, prldhlplujemkluj-em k uj, euj, do rm m r j, coroeofluj-co ro eo fuj, r prldh puj uj -lus ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lus. lus. us, smr torlus-smrto r us, u d r us, u us, smralus-smraus us rmalus-rm aus, r s, agdmrlus-ag dm m r s, fgdlus-fg dus, -mdt m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss a jmds, hodsodmdt-hodso dmds, aojldmdt-ao dmds, gegpcmdt-g e fmds, gegfmdt-g e fmds, mamjmdt-m am m jmds, dmds, jdmds, eg g pcmds, mrrofmdt-mrro fmds, eg g fmds, ldgegfmdt -dg d e fmds, ldtoegrmdt-ldto e rmds, opgrmdt-o rmds, pgtuemdt-pg pgtuemdt-pg tu emds, prghlpltmdt-prmgh ptmds, tmds, slfdl`lhmdt-slfd` ` hmds, hmds, g eg g fmds, eg g rmds, pg rmds, tu emds, e rmds, vlflemdt-vfemds emds toegrmdt-to eg g rmds, k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss kudamds, euhtmds, frmds, m kudamdt-m kudamdt-m rgeuhtmdt-rg euhtmds, metgrdmdt-metgrdmds, kmhhcmdt-kmhhcmds, kmhhcmdt-kmhhcmds, hodstmdt-hodstmds, `emfrmdt-`em frmds, frmds, ldhgssmdt-ldhgssmds, hgssmdt-ldhgssmds, ld hodstmdt-ldhodstmds, ldalfdmdt-ldalfdmds, ld`mdt-ld`mds, ldstmdt-ldstmds, ok sgrvmdt`rmfrmdt-`rm frmds, oksgrvmds, ohtmdt-ohtmds, prgfdmdt-prmgfdmds, prgfdmdt-prmgfdmds, rgaudamdt-rg audamds, rg pufdmdt-rg pufdmdt-rg dmds, audamds, pufdmds, sgrvmdt-sgrvmds, sodmdt-so dmds, rmds, stmfdmdt-stmfdmds, vmhmdt- vm hmds splrmdt-sprmds, hmds Qcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ ld ‘ mdhg, ‘ mdhg, ‘ mdhy mrg mdhy mrg strgssga elbg tcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ ld ‘ mdt mdt .
-lmdt ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmdt lmdt . mds, rmalmdt-rm mds jgalmdt-jg amds, amds -gdt m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss kgdgvoegdt-kg d vo egds, hojpgtgdt-hojpg tgds, mppgtgdt-mppg tgds, alelfgdt-aefgds, fgds, mkstldgdt-mkstdgds, dgds, mhhlagdt- mhhagds, agds, dg g vo egds, tgds, tgds, hodsgqugdt-hodsg qugds, egds, rgds, eo qugds, jdgds, qugds, hodtldgdt-hodtdgds, dgds, horpuegdt-horpu egds, al``grgdt-al``g rgds, geoqugdt-g eo qugds, gjldgdt-g dgds, agds, ljjldgdt-ljjdgds, dgds, lj pgrtldgdt-ljpgrt pgrtldgdt-ljpgrtdgds, dgds, ljpuagdt-ljpu agds, ldhojpgtgdtgvlagdt-g vagds, agds, ldhojpg tgds, ld hodsgqugdt-ldhodsg qugds, ldal``grgdt-ldal``g rgds, ldalfgdt-ldafgds, fgds, ldaoegdt-ldao egds, lddohgdt-lddo hgds, tgds, qugds, rgds, egds, hgds, egds, ld tgeelfgdt-ldtgeefgds, fgds, lr rgvgrgdt-lrrg v rgds, dgfelfgdt-dgfefgds, fgds, ojdlpotgdt-ojd po tgds, pgdltgdt pgdltgdtldsoegdt-ldso egds, vg g rgds, tgds, dgds, egds, jdgds, vagds pmgdtgds, tgds, pgrjmdgdt-pgrjm pgrjmdgdt-pgrjm dgds, pgrtldgdt-pgrt pgrtldgdt-pgrtdgds, dgds, prgvmegdt-prmgvm prgvmegdt-prmgvm egds, projldgdt-pro projldgdt-pro dgds, provlagdt-pro provlagdt-pro agds k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss ag podgdt-ag podgdt-ag dgds, ldauefgdt-ldauefgds, macgrgdt-m acmgrgds, mdtghgagdt-mdtg h agds, mp pmrgdt-mppm pmrgdt-mppm rgds, hocgrgdt-ho cmgrgds, po dgds, acmgrgds, hg g agds, rgds, cmgrgds, hodslstgdt-hodslstgds, lj pruagdt-ljpru pruagdt-ljpru agds, ldhegjgdt-ldheg jgds, ldho cgrgdt-ldho cmgrgds agds, jgds, cmgrgds
Qcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ ld ‘ gdhg, ‘ gdhg, ‘ gdhy mrg gdhy mrg strgssga elbg tcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ ld ‘ gdt gdt .
-lgdt ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lgdt lgdt . gds, hodvgdlgdt-hodvg gds, ag`lhlgdt-ag ` hgds, gds, g` `lhlgdt-g`` h gds, gds, gsurlgdt-g su r gds, g ds, lj pmtlgdt-ljpm pmtlgdt-ljpm gds, mjklgdt-mjkgds, dgds, ` su r tgds, gds, dgshlgdt-dgshgds, gds, orlgdt-o r gds, g ds, smelgdt-sm gds, smplgdt-sm gds, su` `lhlgdt-su`` h gds gds ldhodvgdlgdt-ldhodvg dgds, r egds, p gds, -ugdt ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ ugdt ugdt . gds, hodfrugdt-hodfru gds, hod`eugdt-hod`eu gds m``eugdt-m``eu gds, gds, gds -lgs ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lgs. lgs. hodfgrlgs-hodfg r s, `mhlgs-`m s, hmrlgs-hm r s, spghlgs-spg gs, supgr `lhlgs-su r g s, h g s, r g s, hgs, pgr` h g s -gm m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ g o` -gm (sojgtljgs gm (sojgtljgs wrlttgd ‘ mgm2 mgm2 ‘ ogm). ogm). hcleeg m, pmdm pmdmhgm-pm d h m, metcgm-metcg m, hcmgrodgm-Hcmgro d m, hcorgm-hco r m, hytcgrgm-Hy tcg r m, ays pdogm pdogmmhcleegm-m hcleeg m, dm m hg g m, m, dg g m, rg g m, tcg rg g m, ayspdogm, splrmgm-sprmgm rmgm k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ gm. gm. m, jlshge emdgm-jlshgeem d m, mrgm-m r m, hoeeghtmdgm-hoeeghtm d m, hordgm-hordg m, `ovgm-`o v m, protgm-pro protgm-pro t m, hohcegm-hohceg m, dg g m, rg g m, dg g m, m, vg g m, tg g m, d m, trohcegm-tro hceg tldgm-tdg g m, hceg m -gsls m) ^gduetljmtg strgss dmjdg sls, mposlo pgsls-m pgsls-m sls, hmtmhcrgsls-hm t hcrg sls, hmtg hcgsls-hm t hcg sls, g pgxg pgxgfgsls-g f sls, mdmjdgsls-m dmjdg sls, po so pg sls, tm m hcrg sls, tg g hcg sls, pgxg fg g sls, sydlzgsls- sy dlzg sls, sls, sls, m pco rg g sls dlzg sls, tcgsls-tcg sls, tjgsls-tjg sls, almpcorgsls-a r sls k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss strgss sls, pcmgrg sls, sls, sls, pgdtcg sls, dg g sls, mdtltcgsls-mdttcg tcg sls, m pcmgrgsls-m pcmgrgsls-m sls, almgrgsls-amgrg mgrg sls, almtcgsls-a m tcg tcg sls, g pgdtcgsls-g pgdtcgsls-g sls, fgdgsls-fg d sls, jgtmtcgsls-jg t tcg sls, pmrgdtcgsls-pm rgdtcg sls, protcgsls protcgsls- pro pro tcg sls, sydmgrgsls-sy dmgrg sls, sydgsls-sy d sls, sydtcgsls tm m tcg sls, rgdtcg sls, tcg sls, dmgrg sls, dg g sls, sydtcg sls sls -osls ^gduetljmtg strgss mdmstojosls-m dmsto jo sls, m potcg potcgosls-m tcg sls, jgtgjpsyhcosls-jg tgjpsy hco sls, dghrosls-dg hro sls, profdosls- profdo sls, dmsto jo sls, po tcg o sls, tgjpsy hco sls, hro sls, sls, proptosls-propto sls sls ^rljmry strgss, gxhgptlodmeey, `mees od tcg mdtgpgduet ld jgtm jorpcosls (ms jorpcosls (ms ld Frggb). -ltls ^gduetljmtg strgss mr tcrltls-mrtcr tls, t ls, or hcltls-orhctls, tls, l rltls-r r tls, t ls, dgp crltls-dg t ls, cgpmtltls-cg tls, pcr tls, pm ttls, -msls Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss mdmkmsls-m d sls, md tlpcrmsls-mdt pcrm sls, gjpcmsls-gjpcm sls, gdtmsls-gdtm sls, cy postmsls-cy postmsls-cy sls, pgrlpcrmsls- pg r pcrm sls, dm m km sls, sls, sls, sls, postm sls, r sls, protmsls-pro protmsls-pro t sls, tm m sls, Emtld strgss ls mppelga rgfuemrey (wltc vgry `gw gxhgptlods) `or woras o rlfldlmtldf `roj Frggb.
-lmsls Xtrgss `mees od tcg -l o` -l o` ‘ ‘ lmsls. lmsls. e sls, jyarlmsls-jyar sls, smtyrlmsls-sm ty r sls gegpcmdtlmsls-g eg g pcmdt m sls, m sls, ty r m sls Ms ld Emtld mda Frggb.
-jgd m) ^gduetljmtg strgss mfdojgd-mfdo jgd, `ormjgd-`o r j d, hofdojgd-hofdo j d, frmvmjgd-frm v j d, prmg prmgdojgd-prmgdo j jgd, rm m jg g d, jg g d, vm m jg g d, jg g d k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss strgss j d, rgfljgd-rg j d, spghljgd-spg jgd hyhemjgd-hyhem jg g d, fjg g d, hjgd Odey woras orlfldmtldf `roj Emtld mrg trgmtga cgrg.
-gr m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss mhhlpltgr-mhh ptg t r, mrkltgr-mrktgr, tgr, mrjlfgr-mrjfg f r, hmtcgtgr-hm tcg t r, hodl`gr-ho ` r, hruhl`gr-hru ` r, ldtgfgr-ldtg f r, g r, g r, tcg tg g r, d`g g r, h`g g r, fg g r, t r, odmfgr-o d f okltgr-o k tg g r, dm m fg g r
k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss Aghgjkgr-Ag hgjkg r, Dovgjkgr-Do vgjkg r, Ohtokgr-ohto r, oegmstgr-o e mstgr, `lkgr-` kg hgjkg r, vgjkg r, kg r, eg g mstgr, r Odey woras orlfldmtldf `roj Emtld mrg trgmtga cgrg (gxheualdf tcg strgss-dgutrme su``lx ‘ su``lx ‘ gr gr , gth.).
-jgtgr Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss j tgr, fgojgtgr-fg j t r, cgxmjgtgr-cgxm j t r, pgdtmjgtgr-pgdtm j t r, tgtrmjgtgr-tg trm j t aljgtgr-ajg g tgr, o jg g tg g r, jg g tg g r, jg g tg g r, trm jg g tg g r -poels Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss po els, tro po els mhropoels-ċhro els, jg tropoels-jg tro els -lor ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lor lor . uetgrlor-uetg r or, o r or, or, gxtgrlor-gxtg r or, o r or, o r o r, iudlor-iu iudlor-iu or, postgrlor-postg r o r, r r, mdtgrlor-mdtg r r r, ld`grlor-ld`g r r, ldtgrlor-ldtg r r, dor, r r, r, su pgrlor-su pgrlor-su r or o sgdlor-sg do r, pg r r -od m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss msydagtod-m sydag to d, mutojmtod-muto j tuj, hoeopcod-ho eo d, gtyjod-g ty jo d, cy pgrkmtod-cy pgrkmtod-cy to sydag to d, jm m tuj, eo pco d, ty jo d, pgrkm to d k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss d ho eu tco d, hotyegaod-ho ty e ao d, mutohctod-mutohcto d, alm pmsod-a pmsod-a so d, fdojod-fdo jo d, corlzodmdmhoeutcod-m dm m ho eu tco d, ty eg g ao d, d, m pm so d, jo d, co rlzo d, lhcdgujod-lhcdgujo rlzo d, d Ms ld Emtld mda Frggb9 -od, -od, cgrg, ls prghgaga ky m hodsodmdt2 gxheualdf ‘ gxheualdf ‘ lod, ‘ lod, ‘ ood ood, gth.
-uj m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss h t euj, hoehclhuj-hoehchuj, huj, hurrlhueuj-hurr hu h u euj, alvgr tlhueuj-avgrt vgrthu hu euj, fmekmduj-fmekm duj, mhgtmkueuj-m hg g tm m ku euj, euj, euj, duj, hu euj, ldhudmkueuj-ldhu d em, ld`udalkueuj-ld`uda ku euj, jldljuj-jdjuj, juj, joalhujclkgr dmhueuj-c kgrdm hu euj, dm m ku em, euj, jo huj, o pgrhueuj-o pgrhueuj-o euj, optljuj- optjuj, juj, pgdaueuj-pgdau pgdaueuj-pgdau euj, rgtlhueuj-rg hu euj, orfmduj-orfm duj, ahuj, pgrhu euj, euj, thu euj, duj, orlfmduj-o r fm f duj, pmkueuj-pm pmkueuj-pm euj, spghueuj-spg hu euj, tyjpmduj-tyjpm duj, vmshueuj-vmshu euj, vlmtlhuj-v huj, r m duj, ku euj, hu euj, duj, euj, m thuj, euj vldhueuj- vldhu euj k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss hgjgdtuj-hg jgdtuj, msyeuj-m sy euj, mekuj-mekuj, mjkuemhruj-mjku e hruj, mdtruj-mdtruj, hgdtuj-hgdtu j, jgdtuj, sy euj, em m hruj, j, hgrg kgeeuj-hg rg g kg eeuj, eostruj, tuj, ho ruj, sag g rm m tuj, kgeeuj-hg r eeuj, ho eostruj-ho eostruj, amtuj-am tuj, aghoruj-ag ho ruj, agslagrmtuj-ag a r tuj, alhtuj-alhtuj, a duj, auruj-au ruj, geghtruj-g eghtruj, gr rmtuj-grrm tuj, ldaghoruj-ldag ho ruj, ig iuduj-ig iuduj-ig duj, auoagduj-au o ag g duj, ruj, eghtruj, tuj, ho ruj, iu duj, em kurduj-emkurduj, kurduj-emkurduj, jgalmstlduj-jg mstdus, dus, ldtgr rgfduj-ldtgrrgfduj, jojgdtuj-jo jgdtuj, ojmsuj-o j suj, amst jgdtuj, jm m suj, ojgdtuj-o jgdtuj, slju emhruj-sju ju e hruj, soemduj-so e duj, vl kurduj-v kurduj-v kurduj, mrkorgtuj-mrko r tuj, pldgtuj jgdtuj, em m hruj, em m duj, rg g tuj, g tuj pdg d tuj ‘ uj, uj, cgrg, ls prghgaga ky m hodsodmdt2 gxheualdf ‘ gxheualdf ‘ luj, ‘ luj, ‘ guj guj, gth.
-guj m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ tcg ‘ g o` ‘ o` ‘ guj. guj. sg g uj, r dg g uj, eg g uj, tm m dg g uj, jusguj-ju s uj, pgrlto pgrltodguj-pg r to t o d uj, jmusoeguj-Jmuso e uj, prytm prytmdguj-pry t d uj, k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ guj. guj. leguj-eg g uj e uj -us m) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss mkmhus-m km hus, em jus, hdus, eus, djus, eus, rm m fus, hus, hmemjus-hm em jus, mhldus-m dus, mdfgeus-mdfg eus, mdljus-m jus, mddueus-mddu eus, mspmrmfus-mspm r fus, eus, hoeokus-ho eo hodvoevueus-hodvoevu eus, hujueus-hu ju eus, alshokoeus-alsho eo s, gjgrltus-g j r tus, tus, hmehueus-hmehu eus, eo kus, eus, ju eus, ko eo s, jg g r guodyjus-guo dy jo s, `rgjltus-`rg tu s, cujgrus-cu j rus, lhtgrus-lhtg rus, ljpgtus-ljpg tu s, jljueus-jju ju eus, jldljus dy jo s, jtu s, jg g rus, rus, tu s, eus, jdjus, jus, joaueus-jo au eus, dmutleus-dmuteus, eus, okgeus-o eus, okoeus-o eus, pgtmsus-pg pgtmsus-pg t sus, au eus, kg eus, ko eus, tm m sus, rgfueus-rg fu eus, eaus, eus, kus, tcmemjus-tcm em m jus, ju eus fu eus, soelaus-so aus, stljueus-stju ju eus, syeemkus-syeem e jus, tujueus-tu ju eus k) ^gduetljmtg ^gduetljmtg strgss mppmrmtus-mppm rm m tu s, hleeus, hmdtcus, tu s, jhus, eg g tus, dus, r tu s, kmhleeus-km hleeus, m hmdtcus-m hmdtcus, m` `emtus-m``em tu s, mjlhus-m hus, koegtus-ko e tus, kodus-ko kodus-ko dus, s, hclmsjus-hclmsjus, hcorlmjkus-hco r mjkus, m jkus, hltrus-htrus, trus, hoeossus-ho eossu s, hodsgdsus-hodsgdsu s, hgdsus-hgdsu s, r eossu s, s, hodspghtus-hodspghtu s, horpus-horpus, hotcurdus-ho tcurdus, ghcldus-g hcdus, dus, gurlpus-gu r pus, gxhursus-gxhursu s, gegdhcus s, tcurdus, hc r s, g egdhcus, tu s, hus, m tu s, hmjpus, egdhcus, `emtus-`em tu s, `ohus-`o hus, clmtus-c tu s, cl klshus-clklshus, klshus-clklshus, clppohmjpus-clppo hmjpus, lmjkus-mjkus, mjkus, egjdlshus-
egjdlshus, eohus-eo hus, jgmtus-jg tu s, ohgeeus-o hgeeus, pm pyrus-pm pyrus-pm rus, prospghtus- prospghtu s, prurltus-pru r tu tu s, qulgtus hus, m tu s, hgeeus, py rus, s, r s, qu tus, rcojkus-rcojkus, strmtus-strm tu s, tcgsmurus-tcg smurus g tus, tu s, smurus ‘ us, us, cgrg, ls prghgaga ky m hodsodmdt2 gxheualdf ‘ gxheualdf ‘ lus, ‘ lus, ‘ gus gus, gth.
-gus m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ gus. gus. hmauhgus-hm au h us, hmehmdgus-hmehm d us, hoegus-ho e us, legus- eg e us, jmeegus-jmeeg us, duhegus-du heg us au hg g us, dg g us, eg g us, g us, us, heg us k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ tcg ‘ (m)g o` (m)g o` ‘ ‘ (m)gus. (m)gus. pcmgus-ho ry kmgus-shm r hory pcmgus-ho ry pcmgus, shmrm kmgus-shm rm m kmgus -lh ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lh. lh. pcorlh-m d r hus, hus, tyj pmdlh-tyjpm pmdlh-tyjpm hus, mhmagjlh- ċhm a hus, mhmtmeghtlh-m h t eghthus, hus, mdmeytlh-m d ey hus, mdm pcorlh-m dm m pco r dhus, ag g jhus, hm m tm m eght dm m ey thus, pmgstlh-m d hus, mdfgelh-mdfg hus, mdtmrhtlh-mdtmrhthus, hus, mdtltcgtlh-mdttcg tcg hus, m poeo poeofgtlh-m eo f hus, mdm pmgstlh-m dm m pmgst hus, ehus, thus, po eo fg g thus, peghtlh-m hus, mqumtlh-m qum hus, mrojmtlh-m ro j hus, kuhoelh-ku ho hus, hmeorl`lh-hm eo r ` ` hus, h us, hmtg forlhmpo peghtlh-m po peght hus, qum thus, ro jm m thus, ho ehus, eo r hm t fo r hus, h us, hg pcmelh-hg pcmelh-hg hus, hcrojmtlh-hcro j hus, hemsslh-hemsshus, hus, hojlh-ho hus, huklh-hu hus, almeghtlh tg g fo r pcm ehus, jm m thus, jhus, k hus, a eght hus, hus, aojgstlh-ao jgsthus, hus, gjkegjmtlh-gjkeg j hus, ghelptlh-g helpthus, hus, gj plrlh-gjp plrlh-gjpr r hus, h us, gdheltlh-gdhethus, hus, m eght jgst jm m thus, helpt gplfrmjjmtlh-g p frmjjm thus, thus, tc emht o frm pc hus, frmjjm hus, grrmtlh-grrm hus, gtclh-g tchus, hus, fmemhtlh-fm emhthus, hus, fgofrmpclh-fg frm hus, feossgjmtlhfeossg jm j m t hus, h us, fyj dmstlh-fyjdmst hus, h us, cmr jodlh-cmrjo d hus, h us, cg rolh-cg ro r o hus, h us, codo rl`lh-co do d o r r ` ` hus h us Dotm kgdg9 Qcg `ldme syeemkeg o` Emtld Emtld ‘ ‘ us (`roj us (`roj ‘ ‘ hus) h us) wms agegtga ld Gdfelsc2 ygt, tcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ lh lh alspemy tcg eldgme strgss kghmusg tcg strgssga syeemkeg ld Emtld kghojgs tcg pgduet ld Gdfelsc2 `ldme-syeemkeg strgss o` woras orlfldmtldf `roj Emtld ls mejost systgjmtlhmeey mvolaga. Xmjg mhhgdtumtlod `or tcg woras gdaldf ld ‘ ld ‘ lhs. lhs.
Pohmelh gdaldfs -m m) ^gduetljmtg strgss vgr ruhm-vgrru hm, sydmegpcm (sydmeogpcm)-sy d eogpcm, hmrldm-hm r dm, d r dm, d dm hm, dm m eogpcm, r m, `mrldm-`m r m, plshldm-plshdm k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss strgss mdfgelhm-mdfg hm, kmslelhm-km hm, krmsslhm-krmss krmsslhm-krmsshm, hm, cmr jodlhm-cmrjo hm, cg pmtlhm-cg pmtlhm-cg hm, smd todlhm-Xmdto hm, ehm, sehm, dhm, pm thm, dhm, shlmtlhm-sh hm, slelhm-sehm, hm, hmdalam-hmdaam, am, m pohrypcm-m pohrypcm-m hry mrgoem-m r em, murgoem-murg em, pmrmkoem-pm r em, m thm, po hry pcm, rg g o em, o em, rm m ko em, hopuem-ho pu em, em, em, rju em, ku em, dldsu em, au em, em, `lkuem-` ku em, `lstuem-`lstu em, `orjuem-`o rju em, dgkuem-dg em, pgdldsuem-pg dldsu em, rmauem-rm au em, shmpuemshm em, spmtuem-spm tu em, splruem-spru ru em, mhlhuem-m hu em, mu rlhuem-mur hu hu em, hmdlhuem-hm hu em, mdljm-m jm, optljm-optjm, jm, pu em, tu em, em, hhu em, em, dhu em, djm, pmtldm-pm pmtldm-pm dm, vgrtgkrm-vgrtg mdmpcorm-m d rm, purpurm-purpu purpurm-purpu rm, mutojmtm-muto j tm tdm, krm, dm m pco rm, rm, jm m tm -g m) ^gduetljmtg strgss prmgjudlrg- prmgjŢdĢrg jlsgrgrg-jĪsėrĘrg, prmgju prmgjŢdĢrg k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss strgss m pohopg-m pohopg-m ho dmstro postropcg-m eg, g pltojg pltojg po ho pg , mdmstropcg-m dmstro pcg , mdtlstropcg-mdtlstro pcg , m postropcg-m postro pcg , hmdtmkleg-hmdtm k eg, to j pmeemfg-cy f pgrkoeg-cy e e dghao hcg g p to jg g , cy pmeemfg-cy pmeem fg g , cy pgrkoeg-cy pgrko eg g , sljleg-s jeg g , sydhopg-sydho pg , sydghaohcg-sy dghao hcg
‘ g ls g``ghtlvgey prodoudhga ld tcgsg gxmjpegs. -l m) ^gduetljmtg strgss aghmdl-ag h dl, dmr hlssl-dmrhlssl, ho eossl-ho eossl, koegtl-ko e hm m dl, eossl, eg g tltl k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss strgss al, fgdll-fg melkl-m e k, syeemkl-syeem kl, soelal-so eal, dl,l, rmall-rm al,l, gjkoel-gjko elel -o m) ^gduetljmtg strgss me kgao-mekg kgao-mekg ao, tgstuao-tgstu ao, peuj kmfo-peujkm kmfo-peujkm fo, vltlelfo-vtefo fo ao, ao, fo, k) Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss proxljo- proxĪjŊ, joaueo-jŏaŪeŊ, rgfueo-rĘfŪeŊ, proxljo proxĪjŊ, uetljo-uetĪjŊ Emtld mslag, eomdworas orlfldmtldf `roj vmrlous emdfumfgs, mda gdaldf wltc md g``ghtlvgey prodoudhga vowge, cmvg kggd ldtroauhga ld Gdfelsc2 ld tcg vmst jmiorlty o` hmsgs, tcg mhhgdtumtlod o` tcg sourhg emdfumfg ls jmldtmldga ld Gdfelsc.
6.1. Gxgjpel`lhmtlod o` gtyjlh strgss -lkeg m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ lkeg. lkeg. cgdao 4 mpprg cgds kels, els, mh hgsslkeg-mhhg ao 4 mhhgs kels, els, mualkeg-muao 4 mua kels, els, ld hojprgcgdslkegmpprgcgdslkeg-mpprg cgdao 4 cgds ao 4 4 hojprg cgdao 4 ldhojprg cgds kels, els, hodtgjptlkeg-hodtgjdo 4 hodtgjpt kels, els, hod vgrtlkeg-hodvgrto 4 hodvgrt kels, els, hrgalkeg cgdao 4 cgds 4 4 hrg ao 4 hrg els, galkeg-g ao 4 els, ldvldhlkeg-vldho 4 vldh kels, els, pgr hgptlkeg-pgrh po 4 pgrhgpt kels, els, posslkeg-possuj posslkeg-possuj 4 ao 4 a kels, ao 4 g a kels, 4 poss kels, els, sgdslkeg-sgdtlo 4 sgds kels els 4 k) Xtrgss `mees `mees two syeemkegs syeemkegs kg`org kg`org ‘ ‘ lkeg. lkeg. fo 4 els, ldtgeelflkeg-ldtgeefo fo 4 ldtgeeg els, alrlflkeg-ar r fo fo f fo gelflkeg-g efo 4 g ef kels, f kels, , ldhorrlflkeg-horr fo o , ldgelflkeg-g efo , fo dgfelflkeg-dgfeg fo -ukeg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ ukeg. ukeg. alssoeukeg-alssoevo 4 alsso eu els, voeukeg-voevo 4 vo eu els, ldalssoeukeg-alssoevo 4 ldalsso eu els, ld soeukeg-soevo 4 4 eu k els, 4 eu k els, 4 eu k els, 4 eu k els, soevo 4 so eu k els, 4 eu k els ldso eu els, rgsoeukeg- rg soevo 4 rg so eu els, soeukeg-soevo 4 so eu els -mtg m) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ mtg. mtg. ko jdo r 4 m ko jdm m tus, eg g ro 4 eg g rm m tus, ao 4 am m tus, m kojldmtg-m kojldmtg-m do d tus, mhhgegrmtg-mhhg e ro 4 mhhg e r tus, mhhojoamtg-mhhojo ao 4 mhhojo a tus, ma iualhmtg iualhmtgmaiu ho 4 maiu h tus, mffeutldmtg-mffeu do 4 mffeu d tus, mdtlhlpmtg-mdth po 4 mdth pm tus, mr tlhuemtg- mrt hu hu eo 4 mrthu hu e tus, aho 4 ahm m tus, tdo 4 tdm m tus, 4 tus, eo em m tus, homfuemtg-ho fu eo 4 ho fu e tus, hofltmtg-ho to 4 ho t tus, hojjudlhmtg-hojju ho 4 hojju h tus, hodslagrmtg m fu eo 4 m fu em m tus, fto 4 ftm m tus, dho 4 dhm m tus, hodsag a ro 4 hodsag a r tus, agelkgrmtg-ag ro 4 ag r tus, gauhmtg-g au ho 4 au h tus, ljltmtg- ljto to t tus, ljjmhuemtg g ro 4 g rm m tus, e kg ro 4 e kg rm m tus, au ho 4 g au hm m tus, r 4 jtm m tus, hu eo 4 hu em m tus, o 4 m tus, g ro 4 g rm m tus, ag g ro 4 ag g rm m tus, jg g ro ljjm hu eo 4 ljjm hu e tus, lrrlfmtg-lrr fo f 4 lrr fm f tus, ltgrmtg-tg t ro 4 tg t r tus, joagrmtg-jo a ro 4 jo a r tus, dujgrmtg-du j ro 4 du j r tus, opgrmtg-o ro r tus, postuemtg-postu postuemtg-postu eo 4 postu e tus, prghlpltmtg-prmgh pto to 4 prmgh ptm t tus, tgjpgrmtg jg g rm m tus, pg ro r 4 o pg rm m tus, eo 4 em m tus, 4 m tus, tgjpg ro 4 tgjpg r tus ro 4 rm m tus Qcls pmtgrd ls mppelga ‘ wltc wltc tcg gxhgptlod o` tcg gxmjpegs prgsgdtga udagr (k) ‘ gvgd gvgd wcgd tcg pgduet hodtmlds two o r tcrgg hodsodmdts2 tcgsg woras rgfuemrey rghglvga prljmry strgss od tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg aowd to tclra qumrtgr o` =
k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ mtg. mtg. mp pgeemtg-mppgeeo pgeemtg-mppgeeo 4 mppgeem tus, aghussmtg-ag husso 4 ag hussm tus, metgrdmtg-metgrdo 4 metgrdm tus, m postmtg postmtg- tm, hodsujjmtg 4 tus, husso 4 hussm tus, 4 tus, m postm tm, 4 tus, agdto , `gdgstrmtg-`g dgstro , ldhmrdmtg-ldhmrdo 4 tus, s 4 hodsujjo 4 hodsujjm tus, gagdtmtg- g agdto dgstro 4 ldhmrdm tus, ldsgdsmtg-sgdsu ldsgdsm tus, ldsplssmtg-ldsplsso 4 ldsplssm tus, ld tgstmtg-tgsto tus, rgtmramtg-rg tmrao 4 rg tmram tus, gqulelkrmtg-mgquus e krm tus, 4 tus, r 4 ldtgstm tus, tmrao 4 tmram tus, 4 mgque krm tus tus Maightlvme hodsujjmtg mda hodsujjmtg mda ldhmrdmtg2 ldhmrdmtg2 maightlvme mda dojldme metgrdmtg. metgrdmtg.
-lmtg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmtg. lmtg. mssohlmtg-msso 4 msso h m tus, tus, hodhlelmtg-hodheo 4 hodhe tus, mp prghlmtg-mpprg prghlmtg-mpprg tus, hlelmtg-heuj uj 4 he m tus, tus, ho 4 4 m tus, to 4 mpprg t m tus, hoeegflmtg-hoeeg uj 4 hoeeg tus, alssohlmtg-alsso 4 alsso tus, gdudhlmtg-g dudto 4 dudt tus, gxplmtg-gxpo 4 gxp tus, fuj f m tus, ho 4 h m tus, dudt 4 g dudt m tus, 4 m tus, uj 4 `oe tus, femhlmtg-fem 4 femh tus, cujlelmtg-cu jeo 4 cu tus, ldltlmtg-dto 4 dt tus, eu xurlmtg`oelmtg-`o euj m tus, ho 4 m tus, 4 je m tus, 4 m tus, euxu r o r tus, pro pltlmtg-pro pltlmtg-pro 4 pro tus, smtlmtg-sm to 4 sm tus, vltlmtg-vto 4 vt m tus, tus, r r 4 euxu r m tus, p to 4 p t m tus, 4 t m tus, 4 -umtg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ umtg. umtg. mttgdumtg-mttg du 4 mttg du tus, gxtgdumtg-gxtg du 4 gxtg du tus, ld`mtumtg-ld`m tu 4 ld`m tu tus, ldsldumtg-ldsdu du 4 lds dum dum tus, du o 4 du m tus, du o 4 du m tus, tu o 4 tu m tus, o 4 tus, pgr pgtumtg-pgrpg pgtumtg-pgrpg tu 4 pgrpg tu tus tu o 4 tu m tus -gmtg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ gmtg. gmtg. gduhegmtg-g duheg 4 duheg tus, hudgmtg-hu d 4 hu d tus, murgmtg-murg us 4 murg tus, emurgmtg-emurg tus, oegmtg duheg o 4 g duheg m tus, dg g o 4 dg g m tus, us m tus, m 4 emurg m tus, o e uj 4 o e tus, pgrjgmtg-pgrjg pgrjgmtg-pgrjg 4 pgrjg tus eg g uj eg g m tus, o 4 m tus -tuag ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ tuag. tuag. tu ao, soelhltuag-so tus 4 so tu ao, metltuag-metus 4 met tu tu ao, kgmtltuag-kg tus 4 kg tu ao, mjpeltuag-mjpeus 4 mjpetu ao, ehtus ehtu ao, ao, m tus m ttu ao, tu ao, `ortltuag-`orts 4 `orttu tu ao, emssltuag-emssus 4 emss tu tu ao, emtltuag-em tus 4 em tu ao, eodfltuag-eodfus hgrtltuag-hgrtus 4 hgrt tu ao, ao, ao, tus ttu ao, ao, ao, ao, dus dtu ao, 4 eodftu tu ao, jmfdltuag-jmfdus 4 jmfdtu tu ao, juetltuag-juetus 4 juettu tu ao, pegdltuag pegdltuag- peg dus 4 peg tu ao, puehcrltuag puehcrltuag puehcgr 4 puehcr tu t u ao, sgrvltuag-sgrvus 4 sgrvtu tu ao, soeltuag-so eus 4 so tu ao, turpltuag -turpls 4 turp tu tu ao ao, ao, eus etu ao, ao
-slvg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ slvg. slvg. 4 cgdao 4 cgds ao 4 ostgdslvg-ostgdao 4 ostgdsvus, vus, hojprgcgdslvg-hojprg cgdao 4 hojprg cgdsvus, vus, hodhgsslvg-hodhg ao 4 hodhgss vus, vus, alfrgsslvg-afrg frg frgssvus, vus, gxtgdslvg-gxtgdao 4 gxtgds vus, vus, possgsslvg-possag a 4 possgssvus, vus, rgs podslvg podslvg- rgspodso 4 ao r 4 afrgss 4 g o 4 4 rgspodsvus vus -lmhme ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ tcg ‘ l o` ‘ o` ‘ lmhme. lmhme. pmrmal pmrmalslmhme-pm r hus, zoalmhme-zo hus rm m as m hus, a m hus Ld hgrtmld gxmjpegs, tcg Emtld su``lx ls postuemtga ld Gdfelsc ( zo ( zo a a h m els*), e ls*), wcleg tcg wora-strgss orlfldmtgs `roj tcg agrlvldf m hm m hus)2 Emtld wora ( zo a a h us)2 mhhgdtumtlod ls gtyjlhmeey trmds`grrga `roj Emtld to Gdfelsc ld tcgsg hmsgs. -lme ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lme lme . els, dg g ` dg g ` els, m els, hc mavgrklme-mavgrkuj uj 4 mavgrklm els, kgdg kgdg`lhlme-kg d ` h uj uj 4 kg d ` hlm h lm els, mrtl`lhlme-mrt` ` hluj hluj 4 mrt` ` h els, krmhclme-krm krmhclme-krm hcuj uj 4 krm hc els, hodtrovgrslme-hodtro vgrsm 4 hodtro vgrs els, aleuvlme-aeu eu uj 4 aeu eu els, gs sgdtlme-gssgdtm 4 gssgdt m els, els, hc m els, vgrs vgrs m els, vuj v m els, us 4 `eu els, fgdlme-fg us 4 fg els, femhlme-fem els, lj pgrlme-ljpg pgrlme-ljpg r uj u r els, ldltlme-dtuj uj `euvlme-`eu vus v m els, dus d m els, h g s 4 fem h m els, r j 4 ljpg r m els, 4 dt els, iu alhlme-iu uj 4 iu els, jmtgrlme-jm t r m 4 jm t r els, jmtrl jodlme-jm tr jo jo uj 4 jm tr jo jo els, m els, ahuj ah m els, tg g r tg g r m els, tr duj tr d m els, jo r jo r m els, m es, jgjorlme-jg jo r m 4 jg jo r m els, els, o` `lhlme-o`` h uj uj 4 o`` h els, pmrtl pmrtlhlplme-pmrth puj uj 4 pmrth p s, pmtrl pmtrljodlme pm tr jo j uj 4 pm tr jo jo els, peuvlme-peu peuvlme-peu els, prljoralme-pr jora j uj 4 pr jora j els, rgjgalme-rg j uj 4 tr o duj tr d m els, vm 4 peu v m els, orauj ora m els, jg g auj rg j els, spghlme-spg gs 4 spg els jg g a m els, hgs h m els -gme m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ gme gme . hor porgme-horpo porgme-horpo r us 4 horpo r els, mr korgme-mrko korgme-mrko r m, korgme-ko korgme-ko r s, ldhor porgme-ldhorpo porgme-ldhorpo r m, eldgme-edg d m, eutgme-eu t m, rg g us rg g m els, rg g m, rg g m s, rg g m, g m, tg g m, jmr jorgme-jmrjo r m, pldgme-p pldgme-pdg d m, slagrgme-sag a r m, vgdgrgme-vg d r rg g m, g m, g rg g m, dg g rg g m k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ tcg ‘ g o` ‘ o` ‘ gme gme . cyjgdgme-cy jg jgdg dg m, m, pgrl pgrl dgme-pgr r dg dgod -ume ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ ume ume . els, hmsume-hm su su els, jmdume-jm du du els, pgr pgtume-pgrpg pgtume-pgrpg tu us 4 pgrpg tu els, sgdsume-sgdsu mddume-mddus 4 mddu m els, su s 4 hm su m els, du s 4 jm du m els, tu us tu m els, s m els, su s 4 u su m els, s 4 vlhtu m els 4 sgdsu els, usume-u su su els, vlhtume-vlhtu els ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org -ume ld ld splrltume `roj splrltume `roj Emtld sp Emtld spr r tu t u s 4 spr r tu t u m s. e e s. Gtyjlh Gtyjlh strgss ls mppelga. -lhme ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lhme lhme . frmjjmtlhme-frmjjm hus 4 frmjjm tlhm els, hegrlhme-heg r hu h u r hm h els, aojldlhme-ao hus 4 ao h els thus tlhm els, r s 4 heg r m els, jdhus jdhm m els hgr vlhme ms ld Emtld hgrv hm h m e e 2 gtyjlhmeey, strgss `mees od tcg pgduetljmtg syeemkeg. syeemkeg. vlhme ms -lmd ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmd. lmd. dus, mplmd-m dus, fgdtlmd-Fgdtus us 4 fgdt dm, tgrtlmd-tgrtm 4 tgrt dus, prmgtorlmd-prmgto r uj u jgalmd-jg am 4 jg a m dus, pls 4 m p m dus, m dm, m dus, r j r m dus, am, eo tcu r r vo dm, dm m fg g dm m rlm, 4 prmgto r dus, hustoalmd-husto m, coeo tcurlmd-co eo tcu r m, m , el krmrlmd-e krmrlmd-e krm r m, m , `mvodlmd-`m vo m, dodmfgdmrlmd-do d f d rlm, tr h m, m, ohtofgdmrlmd-ohto f d r m okstgtrlhlmd- okstg tr fg g dm m r -gmd m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ gmd. gmd. cypgr korgmd-cy pgrko rg g m, dg g m, atgrrm dg g m, m korgmd-cy r m, suktgr rmdgmd-suktgrrm d m, Jgaltgr rmdgmd-jg tgrrm d m, tmurgmd- tmurg k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg ‘ tcg ‘ g o` ‘ o` ‘ gmd. gmd. mg, m, tcm fo rg g m, kmgm Mgfgmd-Mgfg mg, Mtemdtgmd-Mtemdtg m, ^ytcmforgmd-^y tcm fo r m, Xm kmgmd-Xm kmgmd-Xm -lmh ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmh. lmh. cypohcodarlmh-cy hcodar m 4 cy hcodar hus, syj poslmh-syjpo poslmh-syjpo uj 4 syjpo hus, zoalmh-zo uj 4 zo hus po hcodar po hcodar m hus, suj s m hus, auj a m hus flmh e g f (g eg e g f h us). Gtyjlh strgss ls mppelga. geg flmh `roj `roj Emtld g eg m 4 (g m hus). -lma ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lma lma . r s, Oeyjplma-o eyjp jyrlma-jy r m s, eyjp m s
Gtyjlhmeey, igrg igrg jlma jlma `roj `roj Emtld Ig Emtld Ig rg r g j s m s. .
-gdhg m) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ gdhg. gdhg. hlr huj`grgdhg-hlrhuj`g rgds 4 hlrhuj`g rgdtlm, pgstlegdhg-pgst pgstlegdhg-pgstegds egds 4 pgst egdt egdtm, m, mkstldgdhg-mkstdgds dgds 4 mkstdgdt dgdtm, m, mhhlagdhg rgds rgdtlm, mhhagds agds 4 mhhagdtlm, agdtlm, mppgtgdhg-mppg tgds 4 mppg tgdtm, m, kgdgvoegdhg-kg d vo egds 4 kg d vo egdtm, m, hojpgtgdhg-hojpg tgds 4 tgds tgdt dg g vo egds dg g vo egdt tgds hojpg tgdtm, m, hodtldgdhg-hodtdgds dgds 4 hodtdgdt dgdtm, m, horpuegdhg-horpu egds 4 horpu egdtm, m, alelfgdhg-aefgds fgds 4 aefgdt fgdtm, m, tgdt egds egdt geoqugdhg-g eo qugds eo qugdt jdgds jdgdt fgds eo qugds 4 g eo qugdtm, m, gjldgdhg-g dgds 4 g dgdtm, m, ldalfgdhg-ldafgds fgds 4 ldafgdt fgdtm, m, ld tgeelfgdhg-ldtgeeg fgds 4 ldtgeeg fgdtm, m, jmfdl`lhgdhg-jmfd` ` hus hus 4 jmfd ` ` hgdt h gdtm, m, judl`lhgdhg-ju ` hgds h gds 4 ju d` ` hgdt hgdtm, m, prgvmegdhg-prmgvm prgvmegdhg-prmgvm egds 4 fgdt d` egds prmgvm egdtm egdt k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ gdhg. gdhg. hocgrgdhg-ho cmgrgds 4 ho cgrgdtm, m, ld auefgdhg-ldauefgds 4 ldauefgdtm, m, mksgdhg-mksgds 4 mksgdtm, m, macgrgdhg-m acmgrgds, cmgrgds cgrgdt acmgrgds, agds agdt 4 ao egshgds m ao egshgdt lj pruagdhg-ljpru pruagdhg-ljpru agds 4 ljpru agdtm, m, sukslagdhg-suksao ao 4 suksagdt agdtm, m, maoegshgdhg-m ao egshgds 4 ao egshgdtm, m, kgshgdhg-g ru 4 ru gru kgshgdhg-g ru kgsho 4 g ru kgshgdt m -lgdhg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lgdhg. lgdhg . hodvgdlgdhg-hodvg gds 4 hodvg gdtm, m, gx pgrlgdhg-gxpg pgrlgdhg-gxpg rlo r gdt gdtm, m, mualgdhg-muagds gds 4 mua gdt gdtm, m, lj pmtlgdhg pmtlgdhg dgds dgdt rlo r 4 gxpg r ljpm gds 4 ljpm gdtm, m, dgshlgdhg-dgshgds gds 4 dgshgdt gdtm, m, smplgdhg-sm gds 4 sm gdtm tgds tgdt p gds p gdt -ugdhg ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ ugdhg. ugdhg. gds 4 hod`eu gdtm, m, hodfrugdhg-hodfru gds 4 hodfru gdtm, m, g``eugdhg-g``eu 4 g``eu gdt gdtm, m, m``eugdhg-m``eu gds 4 hod`eugdhg-hod`eu gds gdt gds gdt o 4 gds m``eu gdtm gdt -lmry ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmry. lmry. kgdg kgdg`lhlmry-kg d ` huj uj 4 kg d ` h rlus, stl pgdalmry-st pgdalmry-st pgdauj uj 4 st pgda r us, u uj 4 ldhgda r us, u dg g ` dg g ` m rlus, m r s, ldhgdalmry-ldhgdauj m r s, iu alhlmry-iua h uj uj 4 iu a h mr r us, us, -umry ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ umry. umry. tu tu r us, us, smdhtumry-smdhtus 4 smdhtu r uj u stmtumry-stm tu m 4 stm tu m r m r j -mr m) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ mr mr . hmdlhuemr-hm hu em 4 hm hu e rls, hlrhuemr-hlrhu eus 4 hlrhu e rls, mdfuemr-mdfu eus 4 mdfu e rls, mdduemr-m ddu eus 4 m ddu e rls, dhu em dhu em m rls, eus em m rls, eus em m rls, ddu eus ddu em m rls, e rls, ldsuemr-ldsu em 4 ldsu e rls, iohuemr-io iohuemr-io hu eus 4 io hu e rls, egdthu hu e rls-egdthu hu em 4 egd tlhuemr, ohuemrhodsuemr-hodsu e 4 hodsu em m rls, em em m rls, hu eus hu em m rls, em m rls-egdt em o hu eus 4 o hu e rls, pmr tlhuemr-pmrthu hu em 4 pmrt hu hu e rls, pgalhuemr-pg hu eus 4 pg hu e rls, popuemr-po popuemr-po eus 4 po e rls, hu eus hu em m rls, em em m rls, ahu eus ahu em m rls, pu eus pu em m rls, pro prohodsuemr-pro hodsu hodsu e rls, rgfuemr-rg fu em 4 rg fu e rls, sghuemr-sg hu euj 4 sg hu e rls, sldfuemr-sldfu e rls, hodsu e 4 pro hodsu em m rls, fu em fu em m rls, hu euj hu em m rls, elel 4 sldfu em m rls, em 4 tm e rls tmkuemr-tm ku em ku em m rls k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ mr mr . hoeujdmr-ho eujdm 4 ho eujdm rls, puevldmr-puevdus dus 4 puevdm d rls, kmhleemr-km hleeuj, gxgjpemr-gxgjpeuj 4 gxgjpem rls, joemr eujdm eujdm rls, m rls, hleeuj, rls, jo em 4 jo em e rls, pemdtmr-pemdtm 4 pemdtm rls, vgemr-vg euj 4 vg e rls em m rls, rls, euj em m rls Odey woras orlfldmtldf `roj Emtld mrg mdmeysga cgrg.
-lmr ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lmr lmr . `mjlelmr-`m rls, pghuelmr-pg hu uj 4 pg hu rls jem 4 `m je m rls, hu euj hu e m rls -mturg m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ mturg. mturg. mrjmturg-mrjŊ 4 mrjm tu rm, tu rm, tu rm tu rm, mrhmturg-mrhm 4 mrhm tu rm, elfmturg-eĪfŊ 4 eĪfm tu rm k) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ mturg. mturg. ahŊ 4 iu alhm tu rm, rmg rm m tu rm, r rm m tu rm iualhmturg-iu iualhmturg-iu alhm tu rm, eltgrmturg-elttg rmg 4 elttg r tu rm, tgjpgrmturg-tgjpg rŊ 4 tgjpg r tu rm -lsc ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ lsc. lsc. pŏeĪŊ m koelsc koelsc- ĈkŏeėŊ, ma jodlsc-majŏdėŊ, agjoelsc-aĘjŊeĪŏr, alstldfulsc-alstldfuŊ, `ldlsc-`ĢdĪŊ, poelsc poelsc- pŏeĪŊ Pgrk-`orjldf mkkrgvlmtga su``lx, rgprgsgdtldf Emtld -lsh-lsh- mda mda @rgdhc -lss-mdt 9 mhhgdtumtlod ls gstmkelscga gtyjlhmeey. Qcg vgrdmhuemr maightlvg-`orjldf su``lx -lsc ls -lsc ls strgss-dgutrme ( ygeeowlsc ygeeow2 frggdlsc frggd, gth.). frggd, gth.).
-l`y ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ l`y. l`y. pŢrus 4 pŢrĪ`ĪhŊ, slfdl`y-slfduj 4 slfdĪ`ĪhŊ, vgrsl`y-vgrsŪs 4 vgrsĪ`ĪhŊ, vlvl`y-vĢvus 4 vĢvĪ`ĪhŊ purl`y purl`y- pŢrus @roj Emtld, vlm Oea @rgdhc. Ld Emtld, pŢrĪ`ĪhŊ Emtld, pŢrĪ`ĪhŊ `roj pŢrus, `roj pŢrus, `ĈhĪŊ, mda `ĈhĪŊ, mda so `ortc.
-g`y ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ g`y. g`y. elqug`y-eĪquėŊ 4 eĪquė`ĢŊ, stupg`y- stŪpėŊ 4 stŪpė`ĢŊ Xljlemrey, tcg pmsslvg o` eĪquė`ĈhĪŊ2 eĪquė`ĈhĪŊ2 `roj eĪquėŊ, `ĈhĪŊ2 `ĈhĪŊ2 mda tcg pmsslvg o` stŪpė`ĈhĪŊ o` stŪpė`ĈhĪŊ22 `roj stŪpėŊ, `roj stŪpėŊ, `ĈhĪŊ. `ĈhĪŊ.
-ldg m) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ ldg. ldg. ĘjĪdm 4 ` ĘjĪdĢdus ĘjĪdĢdus, jmshueldg-jmshŪeus 4 jmsh ŪeĢdus mdsgrldg-mdsėr 4 mdsėrĢdus, msldldg-ĈsĪdus 4 ĈsĪdĢdus, `gjldldg-` ĘjĪdm k) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg syeemkeg prghgaldf prghgaldf ‘ ‘ ldg. ldg. mjgtcystldg-Ĉjėtcystus 4 ĈjėtcystĪdus, mamjmdtldg-ĈaĈjmdtĪdus Xtrgss-dgutrme ld sojg woras, g.f. hrystmeeldg `roj hrystmeeldg `roj hrystme .
-ola m) ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ ola ola . geelpsola-geelpsls, mrytgdola-m ry tg dm, mjogkola -Mjogkm ry tg dm, k) ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ ola ola . mjyfameola-ĈjyfaĈem 4 ĈjyfaĈeŏĢaĘs, pm rmkoeola- pĈrĈkŏem, pgrkoeola-cy pgrkŏeĘ pĈrĈkŏem, cy pgrkoeola-cy -osg ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ osg. osg. kgeelhosg kgeelhosg- kgeeĪhus kgeeĪhus 4 kgeeĪhŊsus, hgeeueosg-hgeeŪem, malposg-Ĉagps 4 ĈalpŊsus
6.7. Mssortga su``lxgs Mssortga su``lxgs alspemy tcg gtyjlh (or tcg eldgme) strgss, ld sojg woras, mda strgss dgutrmelty, ld otcgrs. Vltc tcg woras tcmt wgrg trmds`grrga `roj Emtld (or vlm @rgdhc), mssortga su``lxgs jostey alspemy tcg gtyjlh strgss2 tcgy tgda to kg strgss-dgutrme l` tcgy mrg maaga alrghtey to m egxlhmelsga wora ld Gdfelsc. -mkeg m) Gtyjlh strgss Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss ro 4 hojpm r els, ldhojpmrmkeg-hojpm ro 4 ldhojpm r els, rgputmkeg-rg to vo ho 4 hojpmrmkeg-hojpm ro 4 rm m k els, ro 4 rm m k els, pu to , rgvohmkeg-rg vo ho 4 rg vo vohm hm k els, els, rgpmrmkeg-rg pmro ro 4 4 rg pmrm rm k els, els, rgpelhmkeg-rg pe ho ho 4 4 rg pe hm hm k els, els, prg`grmkeg-prmg`g prg`grmkeg-prmg`gro ro ^gduetljmtg strgss jodstro 4 jodstrm k els, 4 m k els, 4 agjodstrmkeg-ag jodstro 4 ag jodstrm els, hoj pgdsmkeg-hojpgdso, pgdsmkeg-hojpgdso, gxtrlhmkeg-gxtr ho h o 4 gxtr hm h els, ldgxtrlhmkeg-gxtr ho ho 4 dgxtr hm h els dgxtr m k els k) Xtrgss dgutrme dgutrme mhhgptmkeg, mh houdtmkeg, mamptmkeg, ma argssmkeg, ma iustmkeg, iustmkeg, mavlsmkeg, m frggmkeg, me eowmkeg, mrfumkeg, msslfdmkeg, mttmldmkeg, mvmlemkeg, mwmramkeg, kgelgvmkeg, hcmdfgmkeg, hcmrfgmkeg, hemljmkeg, heljkmkeg, hojjgdamkeg, hodsujmkeg, hodvgrsmkeg, ag kmtmkeg, kmtmkeg, aghlpcgrmkeg, ag`ldmkeg, agrlvmkeg, agshrlkmkeg, agtgrjldmkeg, gx husmkeg, bdowegafgmkeg -mtor m) ^gduetljmtg strgss (eldgme strgss) ljpgrmtor-ljpg rm m to r, vm m to r, tm m to r, to r r to r, egvmtor-eg v to r, shrutmtor-shru t to r, tgstmtor-tgstm to k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme hoeemtor-hoeemtg, al emtor-alemtg, dmr rmtor-dmr rmtg, mhtlvmtor ( mhtlvmtg) -jgdt m) Gtyjlh strgss Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss 4 (mrfu jgdtuj), hojpegjgdt-hojpeg 4 hojpeg jgdtuj, hodaljgdt-hodao 4 hodajgdtuj, jgdtuj, agtrljgdtmrfujgdt-mrfu o 4 jgdtuj), o 4 jgdtuj, 4 tg g ro 4 tr gdtuj, aohujgdt-ao hg g o 4 hu jgdtuj, rlo r 4 gxpg r m jgdtuj, ag t ro 4 ag tr jgdtuj, j h 4 ao hu jgdtuj, gx pgrljgdt-gxpg pgrljgdt-gxpg rlo r jgdtuj, jgdtuj, `lemjgdt-` euj e uj 4 ` em e jgdtuj, 4 `lrjm jgdtuj, `udamjgdt-`udao 4 `udam jgdtuj, lj pgaljgdt-ljpg pgaljgdt-ljpg 4 ljpg jgdtuj, ljpegjgdt`lrjmjgdt- `lrjo 4 jgdtuj, 4 jgdtuj, ao 4 ajgdtuj,
ljpeg 4 ljpeg jgdtuj, ldstrujgdt-ldstru 4 ldstru jgdtuj, elfmjgdt-efo fo 4 efm f jgdtuj, eldgmjgdt-edg d d jgdtuj, o 4 jgdtuj, o 4 jgdtuj, 4 m jgdtuj, g m 4 edg g m jgdtuj, 4 edjgdtuj, jgdtuj, jodujgdt-jo d 4 jo du jgdtuj, ordmjgdt-ordo 4 ordm jgdtuj, rgfljgdt-rg j eldljgdt-edo 4 dg g o 4 du jgdtuj, 4 jgdtuj, fjg g d 4 fjgdtuj, als ajgdtuj, hro 4 hrm jgdtuj, o 4 jgdtuj, rg jgdtuj, rualjgdt-ru als 4 ru jgdtuj, smhrmjgdt-sm hro 4 sm hrm jgdtuj, suppegjgdt-suppeg 4 suppeg jgdtuj, tgfujgdttg fo 4 tg fu jgdtuj, tgjpgrmjgdt-tgjpg ro 4 tgjpg r jgdtuj fo 4 fu jgdtuj, ro 4 rm m jgdtuj
k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme m kmtgjgdt, kmtgjgdt, melfdjgdt, me eotjgdt, m jmssjgdt, mjortlzgjgdt, md doudhgjgdt, mp prmlsgjgdt, prmlsgjgdt, ms mssgssjgdt, mt tmhcjgdt, hojjmdajgdt, hojjgdhgjgdt, hod slfdjgdt, ag`legjgdt, agtmhcjgdt, agvgeopjgdt , als kmdajgdt, kmdajgdt, alshgrdjgdt, alvgstjgdt, g` `mhgjgdt, gj koaljgdt, koaljgdt, gj peoyjgdt, peoyjgdt, gdhcmdtjgdt, gdelfctgdjgdt, lj provgjgdt, provgjgdt, ldstmeejgdt, ld stleejgdt, ldvgstjgdt, jgmsurgjgdt, rg`ldgjgdt , rg `rgscjgdt, sustmldjgdt -mtlvg m) Gtyjlh strgss ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ mtlvg. mtlvg. mrfujgdtmtlvg-mrfu jgdto r 4 mrfu jgdtm tvus, r 4 hodtgjpem tvus, jodstro 4 jgdto jgdtm vus, hodtgjpemtlvg-hodtgjpeo vus, agjodstrmtlvg-ag jodstro 4 ag jodstrm vus jodstrm tvus k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme hodhmtgdmtlvg-hodhmtgdmtg, leeustrmtlvg-leeustrmtg, hoj pmrmtlvg-hoj pmrmtlvg-hoj pmrg, pmrg, gvohmtlvg-gvobg, hrgmtlvg-hrgmtg, m kemtlvg-mk kemtlvg-mkemtg, rotmtlvg-rotmtg -me m) Gtyjlh strgss ^gduetljmtg strgss aghrgtme-ag hrg tuj 4 ag hrg t els, alurdme-aurdus urdus 4 aurdm urdm els, mutujdme-mutujdus 4 mutujdm els, hod `orjme-hod`orjo 4 hrg tuj hrg tm m els, els, els, 4 hod`orjm els, agxtrme-agxtrm 4 agxtrm els, agtrljgdtme-ag tr jgdtuj j tr jgdtm j els, aohtrldme-aohtr dm d d els, `orjme els, els, tr gdtuj 4 ag tr gdtm els, m 4 aohtr dm m els, `orjm 4 `orjm els, jmtu tldme-jm tu duj 4 jm tu d els, dmtme-dm tus 4 dm t els, dohturdme-dohturdus 4 dohturdm els, pmtrl pmtrlmrhcme els, tu tduj tu tdm m els, tus tm m els, els, tr tr els, tro dus tro dm m els, m els, jpcus 4 tr ujpcm jpcm els, pm tr mrhcm m rhcm 4 pm tr mrhcm mrhcm els, pmtrodme-pm tro dus 4 pm tro d els, spldme-spdm dm 4 spdm d els, trlujpcme-tr ujpcus u u els, vgrsus 4 u vgrsm els udlvgrsme-u dvgrsus dvgrsm els Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss tus 4 aftm t els, hmraldme-hmrao 4 hmra dm d els, mdljme-m jm 4 m j els, hodiufme-hodiux 4 hodiu f els, horporme-horpus alfltme-aftus m els, m els, djm djm m els, fm m els, 4 horpo r els, `gjorme-`g ju jo r els, emtgrme-em tu t r els, elttorme-ettu ttu tto r els, dojldme-do j d els, rm m els, ju r 4 `g jo rm m els, tu s 4 em tg g rm m els, s 4 etto rm m els, jg g d 4 do jdm m els, j rus 4 du j r els, o rlfldme-o r fo f r f d els, pghtorme-pghtu pghtorme-pghtu r els, prldhlpme-prldhgps prldhlpme-prldhgps 4 prldh pm els, dujgrme-du jg g rus jg g rm m els, r o 4 o r dm m els, s 4 pghto rm m els, els, j d els, sydoame-sy do aus 4 sy do a els, tgjporme-tgjpu r els sgjldme-sg jg g d 4 sg jdm m els, do aus do am m els, s 4 tgjpo rm m els k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme mp prmlsme-mp prmlsme-mp prmlsg, prmlsg, mp provme-mp provme-mp provg, provg, mr rlvme- mr rlvg, mkstrmhtlodme-mkstrmhtlod, mkstrmhtlodme-mkstrmhtlod, mhhgsslodme-mhhgsslod, mhhgsslodme-mhhgsslod, mamptmtlodme-mamptmtlod, mamptmtlodme-mamptmtlod, mttrlkutlodme-mttrlkutlod,
-mdhg m) Gtyjlh strgss Mdtgpgduetljmtg strgss hodsodmdhg-hodso do 4 dmdt eg g fmds eg g fmdtlm, do 4 dmdt do 4 hodso dmdtm, m, gegfmdhg-g e fmds 4 g e fmdtlm, alssodmdhg-alsso do 4 alsso dmdtm, m, ld tgjpgrmdhgldtgjpg rmds 4 ldtgjpg rmdtm, m, ldtoegrmdhg-ldto e rmds 4 ldto e rmdtm, m, pgtuemdhg-pg pgtuemdhg-pg tu emds 4 pg tu emdtm, m, rgsodmdhg-rg so do 4 rmds rmdt eg g rmds eg g rmdt tu emds tu emdt so do 4 rg so dmdtm, m, slfdl`lhmdhg-slfd` ` hmds h mds 4 slfd ` ` hmdt h mdtm, m, su``grmdhg-su``g ro 4 su``g rgdtm, m, tgjpgrmdhg-tgjpg rmds 4 tgjpg rmdtm, m, so dmdt ro 4 rgdt rmds rmdt e ro 4 to e rmdtm, m, vlflemdhg-vfemds emds 4 vfemdt emdtm toegrmdhg-to eg g ro 4 eg g rmdt ^gduetljmtg strgss vg g rmds vg g rmdt pufdo 4 pufdmdt m, 4 fro 4 pgrsg pgrsgvgrmdhg-pgrsg v rmds 4 pgrsg v rmdtm, m, rg pufdmdhg-rg pufdmdhg-rg 4 rg m, alstmdhg-alsto 4 alstmdt m, m, `rmfrmdhg-`rm fro 4 `rm frmdtm, m, ldstmdhg-ldstmds 4 ldstmdt m, m, oksgrvmdhg-oksgrvmds 4 oksgrvmdtm, m, sukstmdhg-suksto 4 sukstmdtm frmdt 4 k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme mvolamdhg-mvola, meeowmdhg-meeow, mppgmrmdhg-mppgmr, mhhgptmdhg-mhhgpt mhhgptmdhg-mhhgpt -ory m) Gtyjlh strgss ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ ory. ory. mauemtory-m au em m to r 4 m au em m to r s, hlrhuemtory-hlrhu em m tor 4 em m to r s, megmtory-m eg g m to r 4 m eg g m to r s, mjkuemtory-mjku em m to r 4 au e to au e to r us, u e tor 4 hlrhu e to r us, u e to e to r us, u e to mjku e to r us, u kmtory-mppro to r, hgeg krmtory-hg krmtory-hg e tor, rg`ghtory-rė`ĪhĪŊ 4 rė`ghtŊrĪus, ldtroauhtory-ldtrŊauhtĪo 4 em m to r s, mppro kmtory-mppro km to r, eg g krm tor, ldtrŊauhtŊrĪus ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ ory. ory.
proclkltory- prŏcĪkĪtŏr posltory-rėpŊdŊ 4 rėpŏsĪtŊrĪuj, tgrrltory-tgrrm 4 prŏcĪkĪtŏr 4 prŏcĪkĪtŊrĪus, trmdsltory-trmdsėŊ 4 trmdsĪtŊrĪus, rg posltory iurfmtory-okiurfo purfmtory-gxpurfo , hod`lshmtory-hod`lsho , gx purfmtory-gxpurfo tgrrĪtŊrĪuj, vojltory-vŏjĪtŏr 4 vŏjĪtŊrĪus, ok iurfmtory-okiurfo
k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme mavlsory-mavlsg, hodslstory-hodslst, hod trlkutory-hodtrlkutg, stlpuemtory-stlpuemtg, udauemtory-udauemtg -mry m) Gtyjlh strgss ^rljmry strgss `mees od tcg syeemkeg prghgaldf ‘ prghgaldf ‘ mry. mry. mr jleemry-mrjleem jleemry-mrjleem 4 mrjleem r us, us, meljgdtmry-mejgdtuj jgdtuj 4 jgdtm r us, u dus 4 hgdtg d r us, u t dm 4 r m ejgdtm r s, hgdtgdmry-hgdtg dus dm m r s, hmtgdmry-hm tg g dm hm t d rlus, mdhleemry-mdhleem hleemry-mdhleem 4 mdhleem rls, hm pleemry-hm pleemry-hm 4 hm rls, horoeemry-ho roeem 4 ho roeem r uj, uj, jmxleemry-jmxleem 4 tg g dm m rlus, rls, pleeus pleem rls, roeem roeem r rls, aueem aueem rls, eg g jgdtm eg g jgdtm r jgdtuj jgdtm r s jmxleem rls, jgaueemry-jg aueem 4 jg aueem rls, gegjgdtmry-g e jgdtm 4 g e jgdtm r us, us, tgstmjgdtmry- tgstm jgdtuj 4 tgstm jgdtm r us u ^rljmry strgss `mees two syeemkegs kg`org ‘ kg`org ‘ mry. mry. `orjuemry-`o rju em em m r s, eltgrmry-etg g rm g rm m r s rju em 4 `orju e r us, u t rm 4 etg t r r us u k) Xtrgss-dgutrme Xtrgss-dgutrme kuafgtmry kuafgtmry- kuafgt, kuafgt, hojjlsslodmry-hojjlsslod, hodhgsslodmry-hodhgsslod, geohutlodmry-geohutlod
3. Hodheuslod Gdfelsc mhhgdtumtlod, tcg sldfuemrlty o` lts struhturg, lts aghgptlvg rmjl`lhmtlods, mda lts syeemklh vmrlmklelty, cmvg gdfgdagrga alspmrmtg rgmhtlods mjodf Mdfelhlsts. Xojg pcodoeoflsts mda pcodgtlhlsts gxmjldga lt scmeeowey mda pgrlpcgrmeey, otcgrs wgrg gdfrossga ld lt, mda ygt otcgrs alsrgfmraga or hlrhujvgdtga lt. Od tcg odg cmda, egxlhofrmpclhmeey, tcg eoojldf rgqulrgjgdts o` md gxcmustlvg stuay ‘ ky tcglr vgry vgry dmturg ‘ wgrg, wgrg, qultg elbgey, alsplrltldf mda rgpgeega sojg pcodoeoflsts2 od tcg otcgr cmda, tcg outwmra hojpegxlty mda tcg mhhgdtume rgfuemrlty ld hodhoramdhg wltc tcg gdaldf mppgmega to otcgr Mdfelhlsts. Ld tcg `orjgr hmsg, m doaaldf mhqumldtmdhg wltc Gdfelsc mhhgdtumtlod jmy cmvg flvgd rlsg to m hgrtmld mdtlpmtcy. Ld tcg emttgr hmsg, iualhlousey gdoufc, Gdfelsc wora-strgss cms kggd stualga o`ttljgs tcroufc tcg prlsj o` post`lxmtlod9 mekglt agshrlptlvgey. agshrlptlvgey. Qcg prgsgdt mrtlheg, wltc tcg mlj o` hodtrlkutldf to tcg `urtcgrmdhg ld tcls `lgea, hojprgcgdas md gtyjoeoflhme mppromhc. Ms prgvlousey stmtga, tcg two strgss joages orlfldmtg alrghtey (eldgme strgss) or agrlvmtlodmeey (gtyjlh strgss) `roj Emtld. Eldgme strgss opgrmtgs hodslstgdtey (<<% o` hmsgs) wcgdgvgr tcg provgdlgdhg ls trmhbga to Emtld. Xtmtlstlhmeey, Xtmtlstlhmeey, gtyjlh gtyjlh strgss opgrmtgs ld jorg tcmd <6% o` hmsgs hmsgs wcgd tcg tcg provgdmdhg ls trmhbga trmhbga to Emtld. Qcg pgrhgdtme pgrhgdtme hodheuslvgdgss hodheuslvgdgss,, hodsgqugdtlmeey, hodsgqugdtlmeey, vmelamtgs vmelamtgs tcg pro`ouda pro`ouda ljpmht o` Emtld mhhgdtumtlod od Gdfelsc prljmry wora-strgss. ^lvotmeey, Emtld gxgrtga md gtyjo-mhhgdtume ld`eugdhg o` sukstmdtlme sukstmdtlme proportlods.
[g`grgdhgs Kmeey, Hcmregs. =<<6. Jmduge =<<6. Jmduge a“mhhgdtumtlod a“mhhgdtumtlod frghqug frghqug.. Fgdãvg9 Fgorf. Kgitm, Kgblj. ;>>8. Qcg Xoeutlod to Gdfelsc Vora Xtrgss , ^mrls9 E“Cmrjmttmd. Ametod, Hcrlstlmdg, mda Kmrkmrm Xglaeco`gr. =<<7. ^rodudhlm =<<7. ^rodudhlmtlod tlod.. Ox`ora9 Ox`ora Wdlvgrslty ^rgss. Agshcmjps, Memld, Igmd-Eouls Auhcgt, Igmd-Jlhcge @o urdlgr, mda Jlhcmge O“Dgle. ;>>1. Gdfelsc pcodoeofy mda mda frmpcopcodgjlhs frmpcopcodgjlhs.. ^mrls9 Opcrys. Auhcgt, Igmd-Eouls. =<<=. Hoag ag e“mdfemls orme . ^mrls9 Opcrys. Fm``lot, @gelx. ;>>>. Alhtlodd ;>>>. Alhtloddmlrg mlrg Emtld-@rmdæmls9 Emtld-@rmdæmls9 Eg Frmda Fm``lot . ^mrls9 Cmhcgttg. Fmrag, ^mue. =<03. E“mhhgd =<03. E“mhhgdt t . ^mrls9 ^rgssgs Wdlvgrsltmlrgs ag @rmdhg. Fulgrrg, Elodge. =<31. Arlees =<31. Arlees ld Gdfelsc Gdfelsc Xtrgss-^mttgrds Xtrgss-^mttgrds.. ^mrls9 Mrjmda Hoeld-Eodfjmd. Cmeeg, Jorrls, mda Xmjuge Imy Bgysgr. =<6=. Gdfelsc strgss9 strgss9 Lts `orj, `orj, lts frowtc, frowtc, mda lts roeg ld vgrsg. vgrsg. Dgw \orb9 Cmrpgr Cmrpgr & [ow. [ow. Iodgs, Amdlge. =<=3. Md =<=3. Md Outeldg o` Gdfelsc ^codgtlhs. ^codgtlhs. Iodgs, Amdlge. =<8;. Md =<8;. Md Outeldg o` Gdfelsc ^codgtlhs. ^codgtlhs. 8ra ga. Ioramd, [lhcmra. =<61. =<61. Cmdakoob Cmdakoob o` o` Jlaaeg Gdfelsc frmjjmr9 frmjjmr9 ^codoeofy ^codoeofy. Qrmdsemtga mda rgvlsga ky Gufgdg Iosgpc Hroob. Qcg Cmfug9 Joutod. Emss, [ofgr. =<<;. ^codoeofy =<<;. ^codoeofy mda jorpcoeofy jorpcoeofy.. Ld Dorjmd Kembg, ga., Qcg Hmjkrlafg Clstory o` tcg Gdfelsc Emdfumfg Emdfumfg,, Poeujg LL9 =>00 ‘ =160, =160, ;8 ‘ =77. =77. Hmjkrlafg9 HW^. Eldasmy, Vmeemhg Jmrtld. =3<1. Qcg Emtld Emdfumfg2 md Clstorlhme Mhhoudt o` Emtld Xoudas, Xtgjs mda @egxlods. @egxlods. Ox`ora9 Hemrgdaod ^rgss. Jgleegt, Mdtoldg. =<;3. Gsqulssg =<;3. Gsqulssg a“udg clstolrg clstolrg ag em emdfug emtldg emtldg.. ^mrls9 Cmhcgttg. Jldbovm, Aodbm. ;>>0. Oea mda Jlaaeg Gdfelsc prosoay. prosoay. Ld Mds vmd Bgjgdmag mda Kgttgeou Eos, gas., =;1. Ox`ora9 Kemhbwgee. Qcg cmdakoob o` tcg clstory o` Gdfelsc , <7 ‘ =;1. Dlgagrjmdd, Dlgagrjmdd, Jmx. =<<6. =<<6. ^codìtlqug ^codìtlqug clstorlqug au emtld. emtld. ^mrls9 Beldhbslghb. ^opg, Jlearga Bmtcgrldg. =<81. @roj =<81. @roj Emtld to Joagrd Joagrd @rgdhc. @rgdhc. Jmdhcgstgr9 Jmdhcgstgr Wdlvgrslty ^rgss. [ga`ora, Jlhcmge. ;>>8. Gdfelsc ;>>8. Gdfelsc strgss strgss aoukegs9 aoukegs9 Dgw gvlagdhg gvlagdhg `roj Hcmuhgr's Hcmuhgr's jgtgr jgtgr .. Ld ^muem @lbbgrt mda Cmlbg Imhoks, gas., Agvgeopj gas., Agvgeopjgdt gdt ld prosoalh prosoalh systgjs systgjs,, =7< ‘ <0. <0. Kgreld9 Joutod ag Fruytgr. [omhc, ^gtgr. ;>>;. Gdfelsc ;>>;. Gdfelsc ^codgtlhs ^codgtlhs mda ^codoeofy ^codoeofy.. Hmjkrlafg9 Hmjkrlafg Wdlvgrslty ^rgss. Vgees, Iocd Hcrlstopcgr. =<<7. Eodfjmd =<<7. Eodfjmd ^rodudhlmtlod ^rodudhlmtlod Alhtlodmry. Alhtlodmry. Gssgx9 Eodfjmd.
Bmtmeofljl dâ kotlj ‘ (HL^) Klkelotgbm Bojkâtmrg g Bosovâs ―^igtâr Kofamdl‚
3==.===-;0
Kgitm, Kgblj Emtld Ld`eugdhgs od Gdfelsc ^rljmry Vora-Xtrgs / Kgblj Kgitm . ‘ ^rlsctldâ 9 Kruzl, ;>=3. ‘ ;8 `. 2 ;= hj.
LXKD <63-<<7=-086-=>-6
