1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.1 Bed making the ability of the nurse to keep the bed clean and comfortable • the technique of preparing different types of b ed in making patients/clients comfortable in • his/her suitable position for a particular condition it requires keen inspection to be sure that the linens are clean, dry and wrinkle-free •
1.2 Fanfold is done by grasping the upper edge of the linen with both hands • specifically folding the edge of the sheet used u sed in the bed 6-8 inches outward •
1.3 Mitered corner a means of anchoring sheets on mattresses • method method of folding folding the bed clothes clothes at the corners corners to secure them in place while the bed is • occupied it is accomplished on the bottom sheet by placing the end of the sheet evenly under the • mattress
1.4 Toe pleat a fold made in the top bed clothes to provide additional space for patient’s toes •
1.5 Foot drop dropping of the foot from paralysis of the anterior muscle o f the leg • plantar flexion of the foot with permanent contracture of the gastrocnemius(calf) muscle • and tendon
1.6 Bed cradle is a curved, semi-circular device made of metal that can be placed over a portion of the • patient’s body is sometimes called an Anderson frame, is a device designed to keep the top bedclothes • off the feet, legs, and even abdomen of a client
1.7 Magic corner corners of a folded linen when upon opening it automatically positions the sheets the way • it is placed on the bed
2.1 PURPOSE OF BED MAKING
A. On changing an unoccupied bed • • •
to promote the client's comfort to provide a clean near environment for the client to provid providee a smooth smooth,, wrinkl wrinkle-f e-free ree bed foundat foundation ion,, thus thus minimi minimizin zing g source sourcess of skin skin irritation
B. On changing an occupied bed • • • •
to conserve the client's energy and maintain current healthy status to promote the client's comfort to provide a clean near environment for the client to provid providee a smooth smooth,, wrinkl wrinkle-f e-free ree bed foundat foundation ion,, thus thus minimi minimizin zing g source sourcess of skin skin irritation
2.2 IMPOPRTANCE OF BED MAKING
1. It helps maintai maintain n a clean, orderly orderly and comfortable comfortable room room which contribut contributes es to the patients patients sense of well-being. 2. Helps the the patient patient secure proper proper rest rest and comfort comfort which which are essential essential for health health and refresh refresh him/her by providing cleanliness 3. It helps helps prevent prevent or avoid microo microorgani rganisms sms to come come in contact contact with the the patient patient which could could cause tribulations. 4. It mini minimi mize zess the the sour source cess of skin skin irri irrita tati tion on by provi providi ding ng smoo smooth th,, wrin wrinkl klee-fr free ee bed bed foundation.
3.1 TYPES OF BED
Bed - is primarily divided into 3 sections - length: 1.9m (6.5ft). - weight: 0.9m (3ft.) - high: 66cm (26in.) - but sometimes varies depending on circumstances A. Common Types of Bed Occupied bed • - the occupied occupied bed is made when the patient patient is not able or not permitted permitted to get out of the bed - the important important part of making making an occupied bed is to get the sheets sheets smooth and tight tight under the patient so that there will be no wrinkles to rub against the patient’s skin - the client’s privacy, privacy, comfort and safety is also important when making the bed
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Unoccupied bed - the unoccupied bed is made when there is no patient confined in bed 1. Open bed - the top covers covers are generally generally folded folded back so that a client client can easily easily get into bed - surgical, surgical, recovery recovery and postoperati postoperative ve bed is a modified modified version version of the open bed; the top bed line is arranged for easy transfer of the client from a stretcher to the bed - the top sheets sheets are folded to to one side or fanfolded fanfolded to the bottom bottom third third of the bed
2. Closed be bed
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the top top sheet sheet blanke blankets ts and beds bedspre preads ads are are drawn drawn up to the head head of the the mattre mattress ss and under the pillows, this is prepared in a hospital room before a new client is admitted to that room
3. Cradle Be Bed Contains cradle, a device for holding the top covers off. − The outer cradle is made of wood, metal or at home for a brief period, a cardboard art − to shape.
4. Post Postop oper erat ativ ivee Bed Bed Also known as recovery bed or anesthetic bed. − Used not only for clients who have undergone surgical procedures but also for clients − who have given anesthetics for a certain examination. Used for a patient with a large cast or other circumstance that would make it difficult − for him to transfer easily into bed.
B. Special Types of Beds
1. Water bed Special mattress filled with water. • It controls temperature of water, reducing pressure on bo dy parts. • Indications: • Patients confined to bed for long periods
2. Turnin Turning g Fram Frames es (Stryk (Stryker er Wedg Wedge) e) It allows allows repeat repeated ed changes changes betwee between n the supine supine and prone prone posit position ionss withou withoutt • disturbing spinal alignment. Indications: • complication of immobility such as atelectasis, pneumonia, decubitus ulcer and renal calculi.
3. Rotation Bed Bed promote promote postural postural drainage, peristalsis peristalsis and helps prevent the complicati complications ons of • mobility Indication: • patients with spinal cord injury, severe burns
4. Circ Circol olec ectr tric ic Bed Bed Permits Permits frequent frequent turning of several several injured injured or immobiliz immobilized ed patient patient with minimal • trauma or extraneous movement. Helps prevent and treat pressure ulcers, respiratory and circulatory complications • Indications: • Patients confined to bed for long periods of time
5. Clin Clinto ton n Ther Therap apy y Bed Bed Also called the air-fluidized bed • Indications: • Patients with managing burns and patients with various disabilities.
6. Air Air The Therrapy apy Bed Bed Provide different levels of support to different body parts. • Indications: • Patients who are at risk to skin breakdown
COMMON BED POSITIONS
Contour
• Head section is elevated; the knee and foot section are elevated. Indications: used for certain injuries or disease of the lower extremities.
3.2 PRINCIPLES IN BED MAKING
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BODY MECHANICS - it is impor importa tant nt to the nurse nurse to obser observe ve the corre correct ct body body mechan mechanic icss in order order to prevent quick tiring, back problems and muscle pain.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - the consciou consciouss knowledge knowledge of the the normal normal state and conditi condition on of certain certain parts parts of of the the body wherein one would be able to tell any abnormality. - the body body exerts exerts uneven points points of pressure pressure against against different different areas of the the mattress mattress.. The sacrum may become the site for pre-assure sore because of the weight of the patient’s body and a reduced blood supply to the tissues over bony prominence.
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CHEMISTRY - woolen blanket fibers fibers may cause irritati irritation on to the patient patient’s ’s skin; skin; there must always always be a sheet to separate the blanket from the patient - strong strong detergent detergent,, soap soap and bleaches bleaches used used in in commercia commerciall laundri laundries es may may cause cause skin irritation if bed linens are not thoroughly rinsed •
MICROBIOLOGY - pathoge pathogenic nic micro microorg organi anism sm may be be transf transferr erred ed from from the sourc sourcee to a new host host directly by contaminated linen. Hands should be washed before and after making bed. - bed linen linen shoul should d be folded folded away away from from the the body to minim minimize ize the the trans transfer fer microorganism to the clothing - fann fannin ing g bed clothi clothing ng stirs stirs up bacte bacteri riaa in the the air, and and air motio motion n is a meth method od of transfer.
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PHYSICS - friction friction can irritate irritate the the skin skin and and cause cause rashes. rashes. It is is therefor thereforee appropria appropriate te to keep the lines smooth and wrinkle-free. - stabil stability ity of body body (cente (centerr of gravit gravity y over over its its base) base)
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PSYCHOLOGY - use skill skill and effici efficiency ency in in making making the the bed to minim minimize ize undue undue exertion exertion and fatigu fatiguee for the patient. If the procedure brings comfort and relaxation, his attitude will improve. SOCIOLOGY - the nurse nurse shoul should d know how how to talk talk to to patient patients. s. The The nurse nurse shoul should d also also know the the subject of conversation which interests the patient including his condition, family, and work.
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3.3 KINDS OF LINENS
A. Blanket ket - a large piece of cloth often soft, woolen and is used for warmth as a bed cover B. Top sh sheet - used to cover the patient to provide provide warmth, made of thick cotton, thermal material C. Cott Cotton on dra drawn wn shee sheett - a piece of cloth that covers the rubber sheet and is used to absorb and protect moisture
D. Bott Bottom om shee sheett - used to cover the bed after mattress cover E. Rubb Rubber er sheet heet - used to protect the the bottom sheet from soothing due to patient secretions secretions and prevent the the patients from getting bedsore. It is usually placed over the center of the bottom sheet F. Matt Mattre ress ss cove cover r - a piece of cloth to cover the mattress G. Wool Woolen en blank blanket et - a large rectangle piece of cloth of soft fabric often either bound edges used especially for warmth as a bed covering. It should be light, warm and large enough to cover the shoulder and to tuck in well at the foot and to extend over sides.
4. GUIDELINES IN BEDMAKING
1. Wash hands thoroughly after handling client’s bed linen.
2. Hold Hold soiled soiled line linens ns away away from from the the body. body. 3. Linen for one client is never placed on another client’s bed.
4. Soiled Soiled linen is placed directl directly y in a portable portable linen linen hamper or tucked tucked into into a pillow case case at the end of the bed b ed before it is gathered up for disposal d isposal in the linen hamper or in linen chute. Pillowcase is then tied and labeled with: name, room number, communicable/noncommunicable 5. Soiled linen is never shaken in air. 6. When stripping and making a bed, conserve time and energy by stripping and making up one side as completely as possible before working on the other side. 7. Gather all needed linen before starting to strip the bed.
8. Keep the the patient’s patient’s environment environment as clean clean and as neat neat as possibl possible. e.
5. BEGINNING SKILLS IN BEDMAKING
A. Stri Stripp ppin ing g the the Bed Bed – Removal of used linen and the airing of the mattress. Procedure:
1. Place Place chai chairr at the foot foot of of the the bed. bed.
2. Remove pillow pillow case case from pillow. pillow. Place Place pillow pillow on chair. chair. Place soiled soiled pillow pillow case on lower lower bar of the bed. 3. Loosen all all bed linens linens starting starting at center center of head head of bed, raisin raising g the mattress mattress with with one hand hand and drawing out bed clothes with other. 4. Remove Remove sheets sheets separat separately ely.. Fold Fold each linen with with soiled soiled part inside. inside. Wrap Wrap them all in a sheet and place on lower bar of the bed. 5. Roll Roll rubber rubber sheet sheet and and place place on on chair. chair. 6. Remo Remove ve matt mattre ress ss cover cover.. B. For For an UNO UNOCC CCUP UPIE IED D BED BED a. CLOSED BED – Arranging clean bed linens on patient’s bed ready for admission. Equipment: a. mattress cover b. bottom sheet c. rubber sheet d. cotton draw sheet
e. top sheet f. pillow cases - 2 g. blanket
Procedure:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Refold Refold each each sheet sheet accord according ing to its its syste system m of use. use. Place clean clean linens linens on chair chair in order of of use. See See to it that the the bed is flat. Cove Coverr matt mattre ress ss.. Place Place bottom bottom sheet sheet with center center fold in center center in line with with rim of mattress mattress at foot part. part. Spread across bed. Make mitered corner of head part. Tuck extra sheet at side from head to foot. 5. Put rubber rubber sheet sheet 12-15 inches inches from the head of mattres mattress. s. Cover with with drawsheet drawsheet.. Spread across bed. Tuck together extra length. 6. Place topsheet topsheet in in line with with mattress mattress at head head part and spread spread across across bed. Tuck extra extra length length of sheet at foot part. Miter corners. Allow to han g free at sides. 7. Go to oppos opposit itee side side and repea repeatt same same procedu procedure. re. 8. Put pillow pillow case on pillow pillow.. To put on, grasp grasp middle middle of slip’s slip’s bottom. bottom. Flip Flip open and grasp grasp short side of pillow. Pull pillow slip over body of pillow. 9. Spre Spread ad top top shee sheett over over pill pillow ow.. 10. Pull folds of clean clean sheets into place. Tuck bottom sheet at head part and miter at the the side. 11. Tighten rubber sheet and draw sheet. Tuck together with bottom bottom sheet. 12. Help patient patient to roll on his his back at center center of bed. 13. Place clean fanfolded fanfolded sheet over patient. Cover shoulders. shoulders. Draw fanfolded fanfolded sheet together with used top sheet at foot part. 14. Tuck clean top sheet at foot foot part. Miter Miter corner. 15. Fit pillow pillow into into pillow case. case. 16. Fold dirty linens separately. Wrap in one sheet. 17. Carry soiled soiled linens linens to laundry. laundry.
b. OPEN BED – Preparing the bed with new bed be d linens ready for newly admitted patients.
Procedure:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Refold Refold each each sheet sheet accord according ing to its its syste system m of use. use. Place clean clean linens linens on chair chair in order of of use. See See to it that the the bed is flat. Cove Coverr matt mattre ress ss.. Place Place bottom bottom sheet sheet with center center fold in center center in line with with rim of mattress mattress at foot part. part. Spread across bed. Make mitered corner of head part. Tuck extra sheet at side from head to foot. Put rubber rubber sheet sheet 12-15 inches inches from the head of mattres mattress. s. Cover with with drawsheet drawsheet.. Spread across bed. Tuck together extra length. Place topsheet topsheet in in line with with mattress mattress at head head part and spread spread across across bed. Tuck extra extra length length of sheet at foot part. Miter corners. Allow to han g free at sides. Go to oppos opposit itee side side and repea repeatt same same procedu procedure. re. Grasp one one corner corner of top top sheet. sheet. Fanfold Fanfold at foot foot part part or diagonal diagonally ly to one one side.
c. POST POSTOP OPER ERAT ATIV IVE E BED BED – Arranging of bed linens to receive the patient who has just undergone surgery. Equipment: a. linen for occupied bed b. emesis basin c. cellu wipes d. blanket e. tongue blade f. wash cloth g. sphygmomanometer and stethoscope Procedure:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Make Make fou found ndat atio ion n bed. bed. Plac Placee top top shee sheet. t. Do Do not not tuck tuck.. Turn Turn sheet sheet back. back. Fanf Fanfold old at side sides. s. Fanfold Fanfold bedding bedding across bed from from side side nearest nearest the door. door. Spread Spread bath bath towe towell at at head head of bed. bed. Place Place folded folded blank blanket et across across bar bar at foot foot of of bed. bed. Equip Equip bedside bedside table table with with emesis emesis basin, basin, cellu cellu wipes, wipes, tongue blade, blade, BP Apparatus Apparatus and stethoscope.
C. For For an OCCU OCCUPI PIED ED BED BED – Making the bed using new bed linens with patient on bed. Materials: a. clean sheets sheets b. cotton draw sheets c. pillow slips Procedure:
1. Explain Explain procedure procedure to the the patient. patient. Screen Screen if in ward. ward.
2. Bring Bring materia materials ls to bedside. bedside. Place Place on chair, chair, at foot side/ side/par partt of bed. bed. Arrange Arrange in order of use. 3. Adjust bed to level position. position. Remove Remove pillow pillowss if permissibl permissible. e. 4. Loos Loosen en beddi beddings ngs on side side of bed. bed. 5. Go to the other other side side of bed and turn turn patient patient towards towards you. Go back back to original original side. side. 6. Fanfold Fanfold used draw draw sheet, rubber rubber sheet sheet and bottom bottom sheet sheet towards towards center center of bed and under under patient. 7. Place clean clean folded folded sheet on on bed in line line with mattr mattress ess at foot. foot. Open and and spread spread toward toward the head part. Fanfold upper half of sheet toward center and under patient. Make mitered corner and tuck extra length of sheet. 8. Pull Pull back rubber rubber sheet, sheet, place place clean draw sheet sheet over it. it. Fanfold Fanfold upper half half of draw sheet sheet under patient. Tuck extra length of rubber and draw sheets together. 9. Assist Assist patient patient to roll roll to finish finish the other other side side of the bed. bed. 10. Go to the opposit oppositee side. side. Loosen bidding biddings. s. Remove soiled soiled sheets sheets one by one. Place at lower bar of the bed. 11. Pull folds folds of clean sheets into into place. Tuck bottom sheets sheets at head part and miter miter at the side. 12. Tighten rubber sheet and draw sheet. Tuck together with bottom bottom sheet. 13. Help patient to roll on his back at the center of the the bed. 14. Place Place clean clean fanfol fanfolded ded sheet sheet over the patien patient. t. Cover Cover should shoulders ers.. Draw Draw fanfol fanfolded ded sheet sheet together with used topsheet down to foot part. 15. Tuck clean top sheet at foot part of the bed. Miter Miter corner. 16. Fit pillow pillow into into pillow case. case. 17. Fold dirty linens separately. Wrap in one sheet. 18. Carry soiled soiled linens linens to laundry. laundry.
OBJECTIVES:
After 4 hours of varied classroom activity, the Level I students will be able to: 1. Defi Define ne the the follo followi wing ng term terms: s: 1.1. 1.1. Bedmak Bedmaking ing 1.2. 1.2. fanfol fanfold d 1.3. mitered mitered corner 1.4. 1.4. toe pleat pleat 1.5. 1.5. foot foot drop drop 1.6. 1.6. bed crad cradle le 1.7. 1.7. magic magic corner corner 2.
Disc Discus usss the the foll follow owin ing: g: 2.1. Purpose of Bedmaking 2.2. Importance of Bedmaking
3.
Enum Enumer erat atee the the fol follo lowi wing ng:: 3.1. Common types of Bed and Special types of Bed 3.2. Principles involved in Bedmaking 3.3. Kinds of Linen
4.
Stat Statee the the guide guideli line ness in bed bedma maki king. ng.
5.
Demons Demonstra trate te the the begin beginnin ning g skills skills of bedm bedmaki aking. ng.
Bed Making
BSB I –F Balagosa, James Victor Caadlawon, Kjeil Amor Jimenez, Kristine Ai Lagroma, Clifford Mabulay, Angel Manucan, Ma. Karla Olarte, Mariani Santiago, Darlene Vero, Jan Kathleen
December 1, 2007
