BBA(G) Sem VI: Environmental Science (BBA312)
Environmental Science (BBA312) QUESTION BANK FOR TT1 I
ANSEWER TE FO!!OWIN" FO!!OWIN " #$Q% 1 W&ic& o' o' t&e 'olloi 'olloin n i% an e*am+le e*am+le o' In,SitIn,Sit- con%ervation con%ervation o' o' Bio,.iver%i Bio,.iver%it/0 t/0 (a) See. an% () Botanical ar.en% (c)Biosphere reserves
(.) oo% 2
W&ic& o' t&e t&e 'olloin 'olloin i% an e*am+le e*am+le o' E4,SitE4,Sit- con%ervat con%ervation ion o' o' Bio,5iver Bio,5iver%it/ %it/00
(a) Wil.li'e Sanct-arie% () Bio%+&ere Re%erve% (c) National 6ar% (d)Botanical (d)Botanical Gardens
3
6ro7ect 6ro7ect ele+&an ele+&antt a% a% la-nc la-nc&e. &e. in &ic &ic& & /ear /ear00
(a) 1992
() 2889 (c) 2888 (.) 1::; <
6ro7e 6ro7ect ct tie tierr a% lala-nc nc&e &e. . in &ic &ic& & /ear /ear00
(a) 288< () 1::: (c) 1973
(.) None o' t&e aove
9
$roco. $roco.ile ile ree. ree.in in +ro7 +ro7ect ect a% a% la-nc& la-nc&e. e. in &ic &ic& & /ear0 /ear0 (a) (a) 197 97 () () 1::= ::= (c) (c) 288< (.) None None o' t&e t&e aove aove =
Ka>iran Ka>irana a io% io%+&e +&ere re re%erv re%ervee i% locat locate. e. in &ic& &ic& %tate %tate00
(a) Ra7a%t&an () Kerala (c) Karnataa (d) Assam
90 Wil.li'e +rotection act a% +a%%e. +a%%e . in &ic& /ear0 (a) 1:?= () 2888 (c) 2889 (d) 1972
=0 Worl. Worl. Wil.li'e Wil.li'e F-n.,In F-n.,In.ia .ia (WWF,In.ia (WWF,In.ia)) a% 'o-n.e. 'o-n.e. in &ic& /ear0 /ear0 (a) 2888 () 1:;9 (c) 19!9
(.) None o' t&e aove ;0 W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin i% an e*am+le o' criticall/ en.anere. %+ecie%0 (a) Re. +an.a (")#$%m$ ho%
(c) Blac -c (.) Wil. a%% ?0 W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin i% an e*am+le o' en.anere. %+ecie%0
(a) Golden lan%&r () Nam.a+&a 'l/in %@-irrel (c) Wil. ol' (.) None o' t&e aove : 0W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin i% an e*am+le o' v-lnerale %+ecie%0 (a) Indian 'ol () Re. ear (c) an-l (.) None o' t&e aove 180 Stoc&olm con'erence on environment a% &el. in &ic& /ear0 (a) 1:?? () 2888 (c) 1972
(.) None o' t&e aove 110 UNE6 a% %et -+ in &ic& convention0 (a) 1972
() 1:?: (c) 288= (.) None o' t&e aove 120 Aen.a 21 a% a.o+te. in &ic& /ear0 (a) 1::: () 1:?: (c) 288; (d) 1992
130 Aen.a 21 a% &el. in &ic& co-ntr/0 (a)io de *anerio
() B&-tan (c) "erman/ (.) None o' t&e aove 1<0 #ontreal +rotocol treat/ a% 'or (a) $limate c&ane () "loal armin (c) +,one depletion
(.) None o' t&e aove 190 WTO a% commence. in &ic& /ear (a) 1::; () 288< - 199
(.) None o' t&e aove 1=0 K/oto +rotocol a% entere. into 'orce in &ic& /ear (a) 1997
() 288: (c) 2889 (.) None o' t&e aove 1;0 W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin i% t&e loal en.eavo-r to create an incentive 'or .evelo+in co-ntrie% to +rotectC etter manae an. %ave t&eir 'ore%t re%o-rce% (a) UNE6 (")E..
(c) UNF$$$
(.) None o' t&e aove 1?0 I' t&e #ontreal 6rotocol areement i% a.&ere. toC t&e o>one la/er i% e*+ecte. to recover / &ic& /ear (a) 2838 () 28<8 (c) 2//
(.) None o' t&e aove 1:0 W&ic& co-ntr/ &a% een active in 'olloin Aen.a 21 (a) Da+an (")S'eden
(c) "erman/ (.) None o' t&e aove 280 National Wil.li'e Action 6lan a% initiate. in &ic& /ear (a) 1903 () 1::; (c) 288< (.) None o' t&e aove 210 6ine an. 5eo.ar +lant %+ecie% are 'o-n. in &ic& t/+e o' 'ore%t comm-nit/ in In.ia (a) 5eci.-o-% .r/ () 5eci.-o-% moi%t (c) #anrove% (d)imala$an coniero&s
220 In &ic& t/+e o' ra%%lan.C +atc&e% o' tall ele+&ant ra%% ro% to a &ei&t o' ao-t 9 mtr% locate. in lo l/in ater loe. area% (a)S&ola
() Semi,ari. (c) arai
(.) None o' t&e aove 230 Biotic environment includes: (a) Producers
() $on%-mer% (c) 5ecom+o%er% (d) All the a"ove
2<0 05ecom+o%er% incl-.e a) Bacteria ) F-ni c) Both (a) (")
.) Animal% 25. T&e term Bio,5iver%it/ a% coine. in &ic& /ear
a) ) c) .)
2888 2889 - 190 None o' t&e aove
2=0 W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin i% one o' t&e 29 mea io.iver%it/ &ot %+ot% o' t&e orl. locate. in In.ia (a) $oa%tal area% () 5eccan (c)4estern Ghats
(.) Ea%tern "&at% 2;0 O+eration R&ino% a% initiate. in &ic& /ear
(a) 1907
() 288; (c) 288: (.) None o' t&e aove 2?0 O+eration R&ino% a% la-nc&e. in &ic& %tate o' In.ia (a) Siim (")Assam
(c) Naalan. (.) None o' t&e aove 2:0 "ir !ion +ro7ect a% la-nc&e. in &ic& /ear (a) 1:?? (") 1972
(c) 2881 (.) None o' t&e aove 380 T&e ma7or reen&o-%e a% i% (a) 565
() $O2 $o (.)Freon 310 T&e %tate o' In.ia it& ma*im-m +ercentae o' it% area covere. / 'ore%t% i% (a) Ra7a%t&an () Bi&ar Karnataa (d) adh$a #radesh
320 6ercentae o' vol-me o' 're%& ater availale 'or &-man -%e in t&e &/.ro%+&ere0 (a) /83
() 10; 103 (.) 209 330 Worl. Environment .a/ i% celerate. on (a) Se+temer 9 () D-l/ 9 - *&ne
(.)#a/ 9 3<0 A 0 i% a io eora+&ical reion it& a %ini'icant re%ervoir o' .iver%it/ t&at i% -n.er t&reat 'rom &-man ein%0 (a) otspots
() Fore%t% Sea (.)River 390 T&e +re%ervation o' %+ecie% or &aitat% in it% nat-ral eco%/%tem i% calle. (a) E*,%it(") Insit&
aitat (.) None o' t&e aove 3=0 W&ic& o' t&e 'olloin a% .oe% not contri-te to t&e reen&o-%e e''ect0 (a) $F$% () #et&ane c) $O2 d) 5hlorine
3;0 One o' t&e 'olloin i% not a +illar o' %-%tainale environmental .evelo+ment, a) Social ) Economic c) $-lt-re d) #olitical
3?0 One o' t&e 'olloin i% not a t&reat to Bio,.iver%it/ a) aitat lo%% ) 6o+-lation e*+lo%ion c) In.-%triali>ation d) Aorestation
3:0 T&i% t/+e o' con%ervation o' %+ecie%C +artic-larl/ en.anere. %+ecie% i% .one aa/ 'rom t&eir nat-ral &aitat0 a) In,Sit") ESit&
c) Biome .) All o' t&e aove <80 T&e%e are micro%co+ic animal%C 'o-n. in coa%tal ater% an. t&e ma7or +ro.-cer% o' o*/en an. 'oo. 'or man/ animal% &ic& live in ater0 a) #h$toplan;ton
) Fi%& c) Ree'% .) All o' t&e aove <10 00 eco%/%tem% are locate. &ere river meet% %ea0 a) !ae eco%/%tem% ) River eco%/%tem% c) Est&ar$ ecos$stem
.) #arine eco%/%tem <20 $oral ree'% are -ilt / tin/ animal% calle. 0 a) #ol$ps
) F-ni c) Eel% .) Stin 'i%& <30 T&i% level o' io.iver%it/C re'er% to t&e variation o' ene% it&in t&e %ame %+ecie%0
a) Genetic "iodiversit$
) Eco%/%tem io.iver%it/ c) S+ecie% io.iver%it/ .) None o' t&e aove <<0 T&e variet/ o' eco%/%tem% in a iven +lace im+lie%, a) Ecos$stem diversit$
) S+ecie% io.iver%it/ c) "enetic io.iver%it/ .) None o' t&e aove <90 T&e O>one la/er a%or% &arm'-l 00 ra.iation a) In'ra re. ")
c) In'ra violet .) None o' t&e aove <=0 W&ic&i% t&e +roce%% o' a..in t&e element c&lorine to ater a% a met&o. o' ater +-ri'ication to mae it 'it 'or &-man con%-m+tion a% .rinin ater0 (a)5hlorination
()Flocc-lation (c)Se.imentation (.) None o' t&e aove <;0 ar.ne%% o' ater i% .etermine. / t&e amo-nt o' .i%%olve.00 %alt%0 a) 5alci&m and ma%nesi&m
) S-l+&-r c) $&lorine .) Iron
<:0 T&e lo%% o' ater va+o-r% 'rom +lant% i% calle., a) Eva+oration
") ranspiration
c) Tran%+ortation .) None o' t&e aove 980 T&e .i%c&are o' arm ater into a river i% -%-all/ calle. a 00 +oll-tion a) hermal
) eat c) Warm .) All o' t&e aove0
II
WRITE TE 5IFFEREN$E BETWEEN TE FO!!OWIN" Q10 5i''erence eteen Biotic an. Aiotic com+onent% o' eco%/%tem0 Q20 5i''erence eteen In,Sit- an. E*,Sit- met&o.% o' con%ervin io,.iver%it/0 Q30 5i''erence eteen $riticall/ En.anere. S+ecie% an. En.anere. S+ecie%0 Q<0 5i''erence eteen Tem+erate Fore%t% an. Tro+ical Fore%t% Q90 5i''erence eteen 6on. eco%/%tem an. !ae Eco%/%tem0 Q=0 5i''erence eteen ro-n. ater an. %-r'ace ater0 Q;0 5i''erence eteen $atc&ment area +rotection an. Inter a%in tran%'er met&o.% o' ater con%ervation0 Q?0 5i''erence eteen tec&ni@-e% 'or con%ervation o' rain ater an. %-r'ace ater0
III
WRITE SORT NOTES ON TE FO!!OWIN" 1 Aci. Rain 2 Aen.a 210 3 WTO < Ko/oto 6rotocol 9 "loal Warmin = Stoc&olm con'erence ; Foo. c&ain% ? #ea &/.roelectric 6ro7ect%G 5am%
IH ANSWER TE FO!!OWIN" !ON" QUESTIONS
Q10 5e'ine vario-% level% o' Bio.iver%it/ in term% o' eneticC %+ecie% an. eco%/%tem .iver%itie%0 Q20 5e'ine eco%/%tem% an. elaorate vario-% in.% o' eco%/%tem0 Q30 E*+lain S-%tainale .evelo+ment / elaoratin on it% %ocialC economic an. environmental a%+ect%0 Q<0 W&at i% t&e "reen o-%e E''ect 5i%c-%% it% ca-%e%C con%e@-ence% an. control mea%-re%0 Q90 W&at i% t&e &/.roloical c/cle W&at role .oe% t&e .i''erent +roce%%e% o' t&i% c/cle +la/ in maintainin ecoloical alance Q=0 W&at are t&e ma7or t&reat% to io.iver%it/ 5i%c-%%0
H $ASE STU5 10 6O!!UTION IN A#UNA RIHER River am-naC it& a total lent& o' aro-n. 13;8 m i% t&e lare%t tri-tar/ o' t&e "ane%0 It% %o-rce i% at am-notri in t&e Uttara&an. imala/a reion%0 It 'lo% t&ro-& t&e %tate o' Uttaranc&alC ar/anaC 5el&i an Uttar 6ra.e%& e'ore merin it& t&e "ane% in Alla&aa.0 It -%e. to e a clear l-e river -t %ince t&e +a%t 'e .eca.e% it &a% t-rne. into one o' t&e mo%t +oll-te. river in t&e orl.C e%+eciall/ 5el&iC &ic& .-m+% ao-t 9;J o' it% a%te into t&e river0 W&at Are $a-%e% Be&in. 6oll-tion O' am-na Increa%in +oll-tion o' t&e am-na &a% no ecome an international i%%-e an. a ca-%e o' concern 'or environmentali%t%0 Bi in.-%trie%C Factorie%C 6eo+le% livin in colonie%C %l-m% an. r-ral area% ever/one +oll-te t&i% &ol/ river0 In a..itionC t&e ater in t&i% river remain% %tanant 'or almo%t nine mont&% in a /earC aravatin t&e %it-ation0 Aric-lt-ral re%i.-e%C in%ectici.e% an. +e%tici.e% al%o contri-te to t&e +oll-tion o' t&e river0 Al%o 6eo+le a%& t&eir clot&e%C -ten%il% an. .e'ecate in t&e river an. +oll-te it0 W&/ I% 5el&i T&e #ain $-l+rit In 6oll-tin am-na T&e am-na% 22,m %tretc& in 5el&i i% arel/ 2 +er cent o' t&e lent& o' t&e riverC -t contri-te% over ;8 +er cent o' t&e +oll-tion loa.0 •
5el&i .i%c&are% ao-t 3C=?< #!5 (million litre% +er .a/) o' %eae t&ro-& it% 1? .rain% into t&e am-na an. alon it& Ara it acco-nt 'or :8 +ercent o' t&e +oll-tion in t&e river0 •
At .on%tream O&laC t&e 5O (.i%%olve. o*/en) level .ecline. to 103 mGl it& t&e BO5 (ioc&emical o*/en .eman.) at 1= mGlC in.icatin con%i.erale .eterioration in ater @-alit/ .-e to .i%c&are o' %eae an. in.-%trial e''l-ent%0 •
From i in.-%trie% an. 'actorie% to +eo+le livin in i colonie%C %l-m% an. r-ral area% in 5el&iC all +oll-te t&e river it& im+-nit/ eca-%e o' -ntreate. ater0 •
5el&i 7al oar. %ai. t&at t&e river remaine. a %eae canal .-e to t&e 1<3 -na-t&ori%e. colonie%C 18?8 %l-m% an. villae% t&at +re%ent a +rolem in collection o' %eae ater t&at 'lo% into t&e am-na -ntreate.0 •
W&at are t&e Ste+% taen / t&e In.ian "overnment 'or t&i% +rolem Till .ateC #ore t&an 219? crore% &ave een %+ent / t&e overnment o' In.iaC an. t&e overnment% o' 5el&iC ar/ana an. Uttar 6ra.e%& comine.0 A 'e /ear% ac &en t&e +oll-tion level o' am-na increa%e. alarminl/C t&e 5el&i overnment oe -+ an. la-nc&e. a n-mer o' +ro7ect% to clean -+ am-na0 In 288: ear 5el&i "ovt0 entere. into areement it& Enineer% In.ia !imite. to clean am-na0 •
5el&i Dal Boar. (5DB) +ro+o%e. la/in .on %eer% alon t&e t&ree ma7or .rain% , Na7a'ar&C S-++lementar/ an. S&a&a.ra .rain%0 •
1; ST6% (Seae treatment +lant) an. 18 $E6T% (common e''l-ent treatment +lant) ere -ilt0 Al%o 38 Km% o' tr-n %eer% ere re+aire. (o-t o' 138Km) an. man/ %l-m% ere remove. 'rom river'ront an. lo co%t toilet% ere -ilt0 •
On #a/1:C 2818 t&e cainet committee on in'ra%tr-ct-re ($$I) a++rove. t&e +ro7ect 'or la/in interce+tor% %eer% alon t&e t&ree ma7or .rain% in 5el&i 'or aatement o' +oll-tion in t&e am-na river0 •
W&at are t&e Ste+% taen / t&e In.ian "overnment 'or t&i% +rolem Till .ateC #ore t&an 219? crore% &ave een %+ent / t&e overnment o' In.iaC an. t&e overnment% o' 5el&iC ar/ana an. Uttar 6ra.e%& comine.0 A 'e /ear% ac &en t&e +oll-tion level o' am-na increa%e. alarminl/C t&e 5el&i overnment oe -+ an. la-nc&e. a n-mer o' +ro7ect% to clean -+ am-na0 In 288: ear 5el&i "ovt0 entere. into areement it& Enineer% In.ia !imite. to clean am-na0 •
5el&i Dal Boar. (5DB) +ro+o%e. la/in .on %eer% alon t&e t&ree ma7or .rain% , Na7a'ar&C S-++lementar/ an. S&a&a.ra .rain%0 •
1; ST6% (Seae treatment +lant) an. 18 $E6T% (common e''l-ent treatment +lant) ere -ilt0 Al%o 38 Km% o' tr-n %eer% ere re+aire. (o-t o' 138Km) an. man/ %l-m% ere remove. 'rom river'ront an. lo co%t toilet% ere -ilt0 •
On #a/1:C 2818 t&e cainet committee on in'ra%tr-ct-re ($$I) a++rove. t&e +ro7ect 'or la/in interce+tor% %eer% alon t&e t&ree ma7or .rain% in 5el&i 'or aatement o' +oll-tion in t&e am-na river0 •
W&at i% am-na action +lan T&e "overnment o' In.ia &a% een im+lementin am-na action +lan (A6) Wit& a%%i%tance 'rom Da+an international coo+eration aenc/C "overnment o' Da+an in a +&a%e. manner %ince 1::30
am-na Action 6lan (A6 ,1) A6,IC &ic& commence. in A+rilC 1::3 a% com+lete. in Fer-ar/ 2883 at a total co%t o' R%0 =?2 crore% coverin vario-% +oll-tion aatement or%C incl-.in creation o' Seae Treatment ca+acit/ o' ;93029 million litre% +er .a/ (#!5)0 •
am-na Action 6lan (A6 ,II) A6,II a% a++rove. in 2883 at an e%timate. co%t o' R%0 =2< crore% it& a com+letion +erio. o' 9 /ear%0 T&e ma7or item% o' or in A6 ,II %-c& a% re&ailitation o' %eerae netor an. Seae Treatment 6lant% (ST6%) an. con%tr-ction o' ne ST6%0 •
am-na Action 6lan (A6, III) t&e A6 III +ro7ect 'or 5el&i it&in e%timate. co%t o' RS 1=9= $RORES AS BEEN A66ROHE5 IN 28110 •
W&at are t&e Rea%on% o' Fail-re o' A6 I L II ST6% -ilt -n.er A6,1C a% .e%ine. 'or t&e 1::; +o+-lation loa.C &ic& ecame in%-''icient / 2882 eca-%e o' a tremen.o-% increa%e in +o+-lation0 •
5el&iM% +o+-lation &a% ron at a +&enomenal rate o' <;+ercent +er .eca.e (a% aain%t t&e national averae o' 21 +ercent)C -t +lannin an. +rovi%ionin o' in'ra%tr-ct-re &a% not e+t +ace it& t&e increa%e in +o+-lationC re%-ltin in r-ral villae%C %&antie% an. colonie% it&o-t a.e@-ate %eerae in'ra%tr-ct-re0 •
#ainl/ t&e mone/ +rovi.e. 'or t&e +lan a% %+ent on +a/in ae% to t&e em+lo/ee% %alar/ in%tea. o' cleanin t&e river0 •
T&ere &a% not een m-c& +-lic aarene%% .-rin A6 I L II / t&e a-t&oritie% &ic& re%-lte. in ri%in +oll-tion0 •
I An%er t&e Folloin Q-e%tion% 'rom t&e Aove $a%e St-./ Q10 E*+lain rie'l/ t&e initiative% taen / t&e overnment to clean River am-na0 Q20 E*+lain &/ t&e A6 IL II a% a i 'ail-re0
20 AIR 6O!!UTION IN 5E!I 5el&i (or t&e National $a+ital Territor/ o' 5el&i)C i% 7ointl/ a.mini%tere. / t&e central an. %tate overnment%0 It accommo.ate% nearl/ 1=;09 la& +eo+le (2811 $en%-% o' In.ia)0 #etro% acro%% t&e orl. ear t&e ma7or r-nt o' environmental +oll-tion liei%eC 5el&i i% at t&e receivin en. in In.ia0 A %t-./ '-n.e. / t&e Worl. Ban 5evelo+ment Re%earc& "ro-+ a% carrie. o-t in 1::1, 1::< to %t-./ t&e e''ect% o' air +oll-tion0 5-rin t&e %t-./ +erio.C t&e averae total %-%+en.e. +artic-late (TS6) level in 5el&i a% a++ro*imatel/ 'ive,time% t&e Worl. ealt& Orani>ationM% ann-al averae %tan.ar.0 F-rt&ermoreC t&e total %-%+en.e. +artic-late level% in 5el&i .-rin t&i% time +erio. e*cee.e. t&e Worl. ealt& Orani>ationM% 2<,& %tan.ar. on :;J o' all .a/% on &ic& rea.in% ere taen0 T&e %t-./ concl-.e. t&at t&e im+act o' +artic-late matter on total non,tra-ma .eat&% in 5el&i a% %maller t&an t&e e''ect% 'o-n. in
t&e Unite. State% o' AmericaC -t 'o-n. t&at a .eat& a%%ociate. it& air +oll-tion in 5el&i ca-%e. more li'e,/ear% to e lo%t eca-%e t&e%e .eat&% ere occ-rrin at a /o-ner ae0 A re+ort / t&e #ini%tr/ o' Environment an. Fore%t%C In.iaC in 1::; reviee. t&e environmental %it-ation in 5el&i over concern% o' .eterioratin con.ition%0 Air +oll-tion a% one o' t&e area% o' concern i.enti'ie. in t&i% %t-./0 It a% e%timate. t&at ao-t 3888 metric ton% o' air +oll-tant% ere emitte. ever/ .a/ in 5el&iC it& a ma7or contri-tion 'rom ve&ic-lar +oll-tion (=;J)C 'olloe. / coal,a%e. t&ermal +oer +lant% (12J)0 T&ere a% a ri%in tren. 'rom 1:?: to 1::; a% monitore. / t&e $entral 6oll-tion $ontrol Boar. ($6$B)0 T&e concentration% o' caron mono*i.e 'rom ve&ic-lar emi%%ion% in 1::= %&oe. an increa%e o' :2J over t&e val-e% o%erve. in 1:?:C con%e@-ent -+on t&e increa%e in ve&ic-lar +o+-lation0 T&e +artic-late lea. concentration% a++eare. to e in control t&i% a% attri-tale to t&e .e,lea.in o' +etrol an. re%triction% on lea.,&an.lin in.-%trial -nit%0 5el&i &a% t&e &i&e%t cl-%ter o' %mall,%cale in.-%trie% in In.ia t&at contri-te to 12J o' air +oll-tant% alon it& ot&er in.-%trial -nit%0 He&ic-lar +oll-tion i% an im+ortant contri-tor to air +oll-tion in 5el&i0 Accor.in to t&e 5e+artment o' Tran%+ortC "overnment o' National $a+ital Territor/ o' 5el&iC ve&ic-lar +o+-lation i% e%timate. at more t&an 30< millionC reac&in &ere at a rot& rate o' ;J +er ann-m0 Alt&o-& t&i% %ement contri-te% to to,t&ir.% o' t&e air +oll-tionC t&ere &a% een a +al+ale .ecline com+are. to t&e 1::9,1::= level%0 T&e 6#18 %tan.ar. i% enerall/ -%e. to mea%-re air @-alit/0 T&e 6#18 %tan.ar. incl-.e% +article% it& a .iameter o' 18 m or le%% (80888< inc&e% or one,%event& t&e i.t& o' a &-man &air)0 T&e%e %mall +article% are liel/ to e re%+on%ile 'or a.ver%e &ealt& e''ect% eca-%e o' t&eir ailit/ to reac& t&e loer reion% o' t&e re%+irator/ tract0 Accor.in to t&e Air Q-alit/ "-i.eline / t&e Worl. ealt& Orani>ationC t&e ann-al mean concentration recommen.e. 'or 6#18 a% 28 Gm 3C e/on. &ic& t&e ri% 'or car.io+-lmonar/ &ealt& e''ect% are %een to increa%e0 #a7or concern% 'or &-man &ealt& 'rom e*+o%-re to 6# 18 incl-.e e''ect% on reat&in an. re%+irator/ %/%tem%C .amae to l-n ti%%-eC cancer an. +remat-re .eat&0 El.erl/ +er%on%C c&il.ren an. +eo+le it& c&ronic l-n .i%ea%eC in'l-en>a or a%t&ma are e%+eciall/ %en%itive to t&e e''ect% o' +artic-late matter0 T&e -ran air .ataa%e relea%e. / t&e Worl. ealt& Orani>ation in Se+temer 2811 re+orte. t&at 5el&i &a% e*cee.e. t&e ma*im-m 6#18 limit / almo%t 18,time% at 1:? Gm 3C trailin in t&e t&ir. +o%ition a'ter ma*im-m 6#18 limit / almo%t 18,time% at 1:? Gm 3C trailin in t&e t&ir. +o%ition a'ter !-.&iana an. Kan+-r0(9) He&ic-lar emi%%ion% an. in.-%trial activitie% ere 'o-n. to e a%%ociate. it& in.oor a% ell a% o-t.oor air +oll-tion in 5el&i0 $ontrol #ea%-re% In%tit-te. / t&e "overnment o' 5el&i T&e no.al mini%tr/ 'or +rotectin t&e environment i% t&e #ini%tr/ o' Environment an. Fore%t% at t&e $entre an. t&e 5e+artment o' Environment o' t&e "overnment o' National $a+ital Territor/ o' 5el&i0 T&e $entral 6oll-tion $ontrol Boar. %et -+ in 1:;< -n.er t&e Water Act i% t&e +rinci+al atc&.o 'or carr/in o-t t&e '-nction% %tate. in t&e environmental act%C im+lementation o' National Air Q-alit/ #onitorin 6roramme an. ot&er activitie%0 T&e 5el&i 6oll-tion $ontrol Boar. i% t&e o./ re%+on%ile at t&e %tate level0
From time to timeC t&e 7-.iciar/ &a% taen %tron note o' t&e .eterioratin environmental con.ition% in 5el&i in re%+on%e to +-lic litiation%0 One o' t&e earlie%t %-c& in%tance% a% t&e 7-.ement +a%%e. / t&e S-+reme $o-rt o' In.ia to .eal it& t&e ac-te +rolem o' ve&ic-lar +oll-tion in 5el&i in re%+on%e to a rit +etition 'ile. in 1:?90 S-%e@-entl/C it or.ere. t&e %&-t.on o' &a>ar.o-%C no*io-% in.-%trie% an. &ot,mi* +lant% an. ric iln% o+eratin in 5el&i0 I An%er t&e Folloin Q-e%tion% 'rom t&e Aove $a%e St-./ Q10W&at are t&e main rea%on% 'or increa%e in t&e air +oll-tion level in 5el&i an. &o it &a% im+acte. t&e &ealt& o' t&e +eo+le Q20 W&at are t&e .i''erent control mea%-re% initiative% taen / t&e 5el&i overnment to control +oll-tion level in 5el&i
$ASE 3 UTTARAKAN5 5ISASTERC I#A!AAN TSUNA#I (D-ne 2813)
In
D-ne
2813C
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on
t&e
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o' Uttara&an. ca-%e. .eva%tatin 'loo.% an. lan.%li.e% ecomin t&e co-ntr/M% or%t nat-ral .i%a%ter %ince t&e 288< t%-nami0 T&o-& %ome +art% o' imac&al 6ra.e%&C ar/anaC 5el&i an. Uttar 6ra.e%& in In.ia e*+erience. t&e 'loo.C %ome reion% o' We%tern Ne+alC an. %ome +art% o' We%tern Tiet al%o e*+erience. &eav/ rain'allC over :9J o' t&e ca%-altie% occ-rre. in Uttara&an.0 A% o' 1= D-l/ 2813C accor.in to 'i-re% +rovi.e. / t&e Uttara&an. overnmentC more t&an 9C;88 +eo+le ere P+re%-me. .ea.0P T&i% total incl-.e. :3< local re%i.ent%0
Environmental BBA Science WWF in securin some played a key role !S"#$.5 Suar 'ndustry million e%orm %or t&e dedicated to conservation etland and in t&e *reat Barrier ee% as manaement a pollution tool. +&is %undin interated Protection ill ,e Planinto to ,e distri,uted rane o% mec&anisms t&rou& a steards&ip areements land&oldersit& approac&escolla,orative community education and +&is and aareness sum is in raisin. overnment plans to invest etland %orce %or !S"#$ conservation mitiation million o% in in t&e Barrier t&reats to ee% %rom t&e *reat catc&ments is Australian leislation. &elped neotiate %ederal WWF t&e /onservation Biodiversity Act (#000)t&rou& interested &ic& overnments reulate World 1eritae t&reats can sitesto includin %rom oriinatin ne developments outside t&eir ,oundaries. ee% Water 3uality Plan A'ndustry uniue is t&at tarets %or t&e uality o% maintain &ealt& ill t&e ,e ee%4s set %or system mout&). eac& /onservation (%rom met&od demonstrated. demonstrates care%ully orc&estrated &o a campain can importance o% decision interated convince river means o% ,asin manaement reducin land 'n t&at t&is t&e instance environmental it &elped asset 1oeverenvironmental ,ein impacted conditions Suar ,uilt into o% reat sini6canceas are to manaement. en&ance etland t&e %unds acuired 3uestions % A,ove /ase Study rriver om t&e &i&li&ts o% WWF4s Pollution &ic& eport 7ee% /ard42$$#. economic importance ee%8 o% +S!=A' 9'SAS+E(>une 1'A;A
valle/% lea.in to t&ree o' t&e 'o-r in.- $&ota $&ar 5&am +ilrimae %ite%0 T&e In.ian Air ForceC t&e In.ian Arm/C an. +aramilitar/ troo+% evac-ate. more t&an 118C888 +eo+le 'rom t&e 'loo. ravae. area0 From 1< to 1; D-ne 2813C t&e In.ian %tate o' Uttara&an. an. a.7oinin area% receive. &eav/ rain'allC &ic& a% ao-t 3;9J more t&an t&e enc&mar rain'all .-rin a normal mon%oon0 T&i% ca-%e. t&e meltin o' $&oraari "lacier at t&e &ei&t o' 3?88 meter%C an. er-+tion o' t&e #an.aini River &ic& le. to &eav/ 'loo.% near "oin.&atC Ke.ar 5omeC R-.ra+ra/a .i%trictC Uttara&an.C imac&al 6ra.e%& an. We%tern Ne+alC an. ac-te rain'all in ot&er near/ reion% o' 5el&iC ar/anaC Uttar 6ra.e%& an. %ome +art% o' Tiet0
T&e -++er imala/an territorie% o' imac&al 6ra.e%& an. Uttara&an. are '-ll o' 'ore%t% an. %no,covere. mo-ntain% an. t&-% remain relativel/ inacce%%ile0 T&e/ are &ome to %everal ma7or an. &i%toric in.- an. Si& +ilrimae %ite% e%i.e% %everal to-ri%t %+ot% an. trein trail%0 eav/ rain'all 'or 'o-r con%ec-tive .a/% a% ell a% meltin %no aravate. t&e 'loo.%0 Warnin% / t&e In.ia #eteoroloical 5e+artment +re.ictin &eav/ rain% ere not iven i.e +-licit/ e'ore&an.C ca-%in t&o-%an.% o' +eo+le to e ca-&t -naareC re%-ltin in &-e lo%% o' li'e an. +ro+ert/0 $on%e@-ence% !an.%li.e%C .-e to t&e 'loo.%C .amae. %everal &o-%e% an. %tr-ct-re%C illin t&o%e &o ere tra++e.0 T&e &eav/ rain% re%-lte. in lare 'la%&'loo.% an. ma%%ive lan.%li.e%0 Entire villae% an. %ettlement% %-c& a% "a-ri-n. an. t&e maret ton o' Ram Ba.aC a tran%ition +oint to Ke.arnat&C &ave een oliterate.C &ile t&e maret ton o' Son+ra/a %-''ere.
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in
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incl-.in "anotriC am-notriC Ke.arnat& an. Ba.rinat&C t&e &alloe. in.- $&ar.&am ('o-r %ite%) +ilrimae center%C are vi%ite. / t&o-%an.% o' .evotee%C e%+eciall/ a'ter t&e mont& o' #a/ onar.%0 Over ;8C888 +eo+le ere %t-c in vario-% reion% eca-%e o' .amae. or loce. roa.%0 6eo+le in ot&er im+ortant location% lie t&e Halle/ o' 'loer%C Roo+-n. an. t&e Si& +ilrimae center em-n. ere %tran.e. 'or more t&an t&ree .a/%0 National i&a/ 9?C an im+ortant arter/ connectin t&e reion a% al%o a%&e. aa/ near D/otirmat& an. in man/ ot&er +lace%0 Beca-%e %-mmer% &ave more n-mer o' to-ri%t%C t&e n-mer o' +eo+le im+acte. i% %-%tantial0 For more t&an t&ree .a/%C %tran.e. +ilrim% an. to-ri%t% ere it&o-t ration% or %-rvive. on little 'oo.0 T&e roa.% ere %erio-%l/ .amae. at more t&an <98 +lace%C re%-ltin in &-e tra''ic 7am%C an. t&e 'loo.% ca-%e. man/ car% an. ot&er ve&icle% to e a%&e. aa/0 On 1? D-neC more t&an 12C888 +ilrim% ere %tran.e. at Ba.rinat&C t&e +o+-lar +ilrimae center locate. on t&e an% o' t&e Alanan.a River0 Re%c-er% at t&e in.- +ilrimae ton o' ari.ar on t&e river "ana recovere. o.ie% o' <8 victim% a%&e. .on / t&e 'loo.e. river% a% o' 21 D-ne 28130 Bo.ie% o' +eo+le a%&e.
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lie Bi7nor C Alla&aa. an. B-lan.%&a&r in Uttar 6ra.e%&0 Searc&in 'or o.ie% &o .ie. .-rin t&e e*treme nat-ral '-r/ o' D-ne in Ke.ar valle/ contin-e. 'or %everal mont&% an. even a% late a% Se+temerC 2813C ao-t 99= o.ie% ere 'o-n. o-t o' &ic& 1== o.ie% ere 'o-n. in &i&l/ .ecom+o%e. %tate .-rin 'o-rt& ro-n. o' %earc& o+eration%0 Alt&o-& t&e Ke.arnat& Tem+le it%el' a% not .amae.C it% a%e a% in-n.ate. it& aterC m-. an. o-l.er% 'rom t&e lan.%li.eC .amain it% +erimeter0 #an/ &otel%C re%t &o-%e% an.
%&o+% aro-n. t&e tem+le in Ke.arnat& Ton%&i+ ere .e%tro/e.C re%-ltin in %everal ca%-altie%0 #o%t o' t&e .e%tr-ction at Ke.arnat& a% ca-%e. / a %-..en ra+i. meltin o' ice an. %no on t&e Ke.arnat& #o-ntainC = m (30; mi) 'rom t&e tem+leC &ic& 'loo.e. t&e $&arari !ae (-+%tream) an. t&en Ke.arnat&0 T&e tem+le a% 'loo.e. it& ater re%-ltin in %everal .eat&% .-e to .ronin an. +anic,.riven %tam+e.e0 Even a'ter a eeC .ea. o.ie% &a. not een remove. 'rom Ke.arnat& tonC re%-ltin in ater contamination in t&e Ke.arnat& valle/ an. villaer% &o .e+en. on %+rin ater %-''ere. vario-% t/+e% o' &ealt& +rolem% lie 'everC .iarr&oea0 W&en t&e 'loo. rece.e.C %atellite imae% %&oe. one ne %tream at Ke.arnat& ton0 No .amae at t&e Ke.arnat& Tem+le occ-rre.0 T&e Uttara&an. "overnment anno-nce. t&at .-e to t&e e*ten%ive .amae to t&e in'ra%tr-ct-reC t&e tem+le ill e tem+oraril/ clo%e. to re-lar +ilrim% an. to-ri%t% 'or a /ear or toC -t t&e tem+le rit-al% ill %till e maintaine. / +rie%t%0 T&e Tem+le o+ene. 'or +ilrim% on S-n.a/C < #a/ 281<0 Re%c-e o+eration T&e Arm/C Air ForceC Nav/C In.o,Tietan Bor.er 6olice (ITB6)C Bor.er Sec-rit/ ForceC National 5i%a%ter Re%+on%e Force (N5RF)C 6-lic Wor% 5e+artment an. local a.mini%tration% ore. toet&er 'or @-ic re%c-e o+eration%0 Several t&o-%an. %ol.ier% ere .e+lo/e. 'or t&e re%c-e mi%%ion%0 Activi%t% o' +olitical an. %ocial orani>ation% are al%o involve. in t&e re%c-e an. manaement o' relie' center%0 T&e national &i&a/ an. ot&er im+ortant roa.% ere clo%e. to re-lar tra''ic0 elico+ter% ere -%e. to re%c-e +eo+leC -t .-e to t&e ro-& terrainC &eav/ 'o an. rain'allC mane-verin t&em a% a c&allene0 B/ 21 D-ne 2813C t&e Arm/ &a. .e+lo/e. 18C888 %ol.ier% an. 11 &elico+ter%C t&e Nav/ &a. %ent <9 naval .iver%C an. t&e Air 'orce &a. .e+lo/e. <3 aircra't incl-.in 3= &elico+ter%0 From 1; to 38 D-ne 2813C t&e IAF airli'te. a total o' 1?C<2< +eo+le , 'l/in a total o' 2C13; %ortie% an. .ro++inGlan.in a total o' 3C 3=C:38 o' relie' material an. e@-i+ment0 On 29 D-neC one o' 3 IAF #il #i,1; re%c-e &elico+ter% ret-rnin 'rom Ke.arnat&C carr/in 9 Air Force O''icer%C : o' t&e N5RFC an. = o' t&e ITB6 cra%&e. on a mo-ntaino-% %lo+e near "a-ri K-n.C illin all on oar.0 T&e .ecea%e. %ol.ier% ere iven a ceremonial "-ar. o' &ono-r / ome mini%ter o' In.iaC at a '-nction orani>e. / t&e Uttara&an. State "overnment0 In.o Tietan or.er 6olice (ITB6) a Force &ic& -ar.% t&e In.o $&ina or.er% on t&e &i& imala/a% it& it% 3 Reional Re%+on%e $enter% (RR$%) a%e. at #atli (Uttara%&i)C "a-c&ar (R-.ra+ra/a) an. 6it&oraar& %-n into action an. %tarte. re%c-e an. relie' o+eration0 2888 %tron ITB6 'orce it& it% mo-ntaineerin %ill% an. im+rovi%ation met&o.% %tarte. re%c-e o' %tran.e. +ilrim%0 It a% a %im-ltaneo-% e''ort / ITB6 at Ke.ar &atiC
"anotri valle/ an. "ovin. &at area%0 Accor.in to o''icial 'i-re% / ITB6C t&e/ ere ale to re%c-e 33C88: +ilrim% in 19 .a/% on t&eir on 'rom e*treme remote an. inacce%%ile area%0 Be'ore Arm/ or Air Force calle. inC ein .e+lo/e. in t&e near/ area%C ITB6 too t&e 'ir%t call an. %ave. man/ live%0 T&e/ al%o .i%tri-te. 'oo. +acet% to %tran.e. +ilrim% &o ere in a +at&etic con.ition ein not &avin an/ 'oo. 'or more t&an ;2 &o-r% at man/ +lace%0 Environmental i%%-e% Un+rece.ente. .e%tr-ction / t&e rain'all itne%%e. in Uttara&an. %tate a% attri-te.C / environmentali%t%C to -n%cienti'ic .evelo+mental activitie% -n.ertaen in recent .eca.e% contri-tin to &i& level o' lo%% o' +ro+ert/ an. live%0 Roa.% con%tr-cte. in &a+&a>ar. %t/leC ne re%ort% an. &otel% -ilt on 'raile river an% an. more t&an ;8 &/.roelectric +ro7ect% in t&e ater%&e.% o' t&e %tate le. to a P.i%a%ter aitin to &a++enP a% terme. / certain environmentali%t%0 T&e environmental e*+ert% re+orte. t&at t&e t-nnel% -ilan. la%t% -n.ertaen 'or t&e ;8 &/.roelectric +ro7ect% contri-te. to t&e ecoloical imalance in t&e %tateC it& 'lo% o' river ater re%tricte. an. t&e %tream%i.e .evelo+ment activit/ contri-tin to a &i&er n-mer o' lan.%li.e% an. more 'loo.in0 I An%er t&e Folloin Q-e%tion% 'rom t&e Aove $a%e St-./ Q10Accor.in to environmentali%t%C &at ere t&e environmental i%%-e% concernin t&e nat-ral .i%a%ter in Uttaranc&al Q20 W&at ere t&e con%e@-ence% o' t&i% nat-ral .i%a%ter
t
BBA(*) Environmental (BBA?#2) Sem D': Science in securin some !S"#$.5 Suar 'ndustry million e%orm %or t&e dedicated conservation to etland and in t&e *reat Barrier ee% as manaement at&e pollution tool. +&is %undin interated Protection ill Planinto ,e to ,e distri,uted rane o% mec&anisms t&rou& a steards&ip areements colla,orative land&oldersit& approac&escommunity education and +&is and aareness sum is in raisin. overnment invest etland !S"#$ conservation plans million to in in %orce %or mitiation o% Barrier t&reats ee% to %rom t&e *reat catc&ments Australian leislation. %ederal WWF is &elped neotiate t&e /onservation Biodiversity Act (#000)t&rou& interested &ic& overnments reulate World 1eritae t&reats can sitesto includin %rom oriinatin ne developments outside t&eir ,oundaries. ee% Water Plan 3uality A uniue is t&at tarets %or t&e uality o% maintain &ealt& t&e ,e ee%4s set %or system mout&). eac& /onservation (%rom river met&od demonstrated. demonstrates care%ully orc&estrated &o a campain importance decision can o% interated convince river means ,asin manaement reducin land 'n t&at asset t&is t&e ,ein instance environmental impacted it &elped 1oeverenvironmental conditions t&e Suar ,uilt 'ndustry into o% are to reat en&ance %unds sini6canceetland acuired as manaement. 3uestions A,ove /ase %rom Study t&e &i&li&ts Pollution eport o% WWF4s 7ee% /ard4&ic& 2$$#. economic importance ee%8 +S!=A' 9'SAS+E(>une 1'A;Aune 2$#?) multiday centered =ort& 'ndian cloud,urst on t&e state devastatin landslides ,ecomin @oods and t&e countrys orst natural tsunami. parts Prades&o% 1imac&al 1aryana+&ou& some 9el&i t&e @oodsome =epalreions and some o% Western parts eperienced rain%allcasualties over &eavy 05C occurred o%
