BENGKEL TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN SAINS SPM 2014
1. MENENTUKAN PEMBOLEHUBAH (DETERMINE VARIABLES) -
From statement of the question [ dari pernyataan atas soalan] ………to study the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ……………………………AND ………………………………. ……..untuk mengkaji HUBUNGAN ANTARA …………………………..DAN ………………………….. ………to investigate the EFFECT OF ………………………..ON ……………………………. ………untuk mengkaji KESAN …………………………..KEATAS/TERHADAP ………………………….. ……….to investigate ………………………………………… ……….untuk menyiasat ……………………………………
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From table [dari jadual] Temperature [MV] 35 70 Petri dish A B
Number of bacteria colony [RV] 6 3 Temperature [MV] 35 70
Number of bacteria colony [RV] 6 3
Temperature [MV]
-
RV
From diagram [berdasarkan rajah] Find the difference in labels of t he same thing [cari perbezaan pada label benda yang sama]
Can with 400 g soil
((Tin Tin dengan dengan 400 400 g ) ) tanah g tanah
Can with 200 g soil
Can with
(Tin dengan 200 g (Tin dengan tanah) 200 g tanah)
800 g soil
Can A
Can B
Can C
Tin A
Tin B
Tin C
(Tin dengan 800 g tanah)
DIAGRAM 4
2. Writing hypothesis [menulis hipotesis] SainsSPM1511/2_sharinhanum
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A. relate MV and RV [hubungkan MV dengan RV] Examples/contoh : The higher the …………………………..the higher the …………………………. Semakin tinggi …………………………..semakin tinggi …………………………….. ** HIGHER/LOWER/BIGGER/SMALLER/THICKER/THINNER/DEEPER/ Or/atau If ……………………………..increase/decrease, ……………………………..increase/decrease Jika ………………………….meningkat/menurun, …………………………….meningkat/menurun
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Choose one MV and relate with RV [Pilih satu MV dan hubungkan dengan satu RV] Eg : Presence of salt increase the boiling point of distilled water [kehadiran gaeam meningkatkan takat didih air suling meningkat] Magnesium is the most reactive metal when react with acid [Magnesium merupakan logam yang paling reaktif apabila bertindak balas dengan asid]
3. Infrence/inferens Giving reason to the observation/member sebab kepada pemerhatian Tips ,
,,,,,,observstion….because ………………………RV….. ……pemerhatian sebab/kerana …………..RV……….
Ammeter needle deflect because molten lead(II) bromide can conduct electricity Jarum ammeter terpesong kerana leburan plumbum(II) bromide boleh mengkonduksikan arus elektrik 4. Operational definition/ Operasi secara definisi -
Explain what have been done to get the observation/result [ menerangkan apa yang telah dibuat untuk mendapatkan keputusan]
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Tips : ……………………………………is a process/substance which ………………………………. Eg: Ionic compound is a molten substance which deflect t he ammeter needle
5. Relationship -
Same as you answer in hypothesis BUT must cor rect relation dan start with word AS Eg: As the time increase the volume of gas released increase
6. Graph / bar graph -
Graph – line graph. Don’t use ruler unless really straight line. Draw free hand / Best fit line
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Bar graph – use for topic variation. Continuous variation
SainsSPM1511/2_sharinhanum
Discontinuous variation
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SECTION A 1
The Form 4 Ibnu Sina carried out an experiment to study the variation of thumb prints. There are four groups of thumb prints ; arch, loop, whorl and composite. Figure 1 shows the thumb prints of 25 pupils from the class. Kelas 4 Ibnu Sina menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji variasi ca p ibu jari. Terdapat empat kumpulan cap ibu jari iaitu lengkung, gelung, sepusar dan komposit. Rajah 1 menunjukkan cap ibu jari 25 orang murid dalam kelas tersebut.
Diagram 1 Rajah 1 a) Based on Figure 1, determine the number of pupils in each group. Complete Table 1. Berd asarkan Rajah 1, tentukan bilangan murid bagi setiap kumpulan. Len gkapkan jadual 1 Group of thumb print Kumpulan cap ibu jari Arch
Loop
Composite
Whorl
Number of pupils Jumlah pelajar Table 1/ Jadual 1
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b)
Based on the result in Table 1, draw a bar chart to show the number of pupils against the groups of thumb prints. Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 1, lukiskan carta bar yang menunjukkan bilangan murid melawan kumpulan cap ibu jari.
Number of pupils Jumlah pelajar 10 8 6 4 2
Arch
Loop
Group of thumb print Kumpulan cap ibu jari
Whorl Composite
c)
Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b). Tuliskan kesimpulan tentang jenis variasi berdasarkan carta bar di (b). .......................................................................................................................................
2
Table 1 shows the height of 40 students in Form 5 Rajin. Jadual 1 menunjukkan ketinggian bagi 40 orang pelajar dalam Tingkatan 5 Rajin. 156
149
153
160
152
151
153
150
163
165
166
155
159
159
157
155
159
163
152
160
157
158
157
165
154
162
162
159
158
157
163
159
159
169
164
163
152
156
160
158 Table 1 Jadual 1
a)
CompleteTable 2 based on data given. Lengkapkan Jadual 1berdasarkan data yang diberikan. Height of students Ketinggian pelajar (cm)
146-150
151-155
156-160
161-165
166-170
Number of students Bilangan pelajar
Table 2 Jadual 2 b)
Construct a histogram for the number of student against the height of students. Lukiskan satu histogram bagi bilangan ketinggian pelajar-pelajar.
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Number of students Jumlah pelajar
c)
Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b). Tuliskan kesimpulan tentang jenis variasi berdasarkan carta bar di (b).
Height of students/cm Ketinggian pelajar/ cm
.......................................................................................................................................
3. Diagram 4 shows an arrangement of the apparatus to study the electrical conductivity of substance P, Q and R in solid and liquid state. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kekonduksian elektrik bagi bahan P, Q dan R dalam keadaan pepejal dan cecair.
Bulb Mentol
Carbon electrode Elektrod karbon
Substance Bahan Diagram 4 Rajah 4
The observation is obtained in Table 2. Pemerhatian dicatatkan dalam Jadual2. Bulb condition Substance
Keadaan mentol
Bahan
P Q R
a)
Solid
Molten
Pepejal
Cecair
Lights up Menyala Not lights up Tidak menyala Not lights up Tidak menyala Table 2/ Jadual 2
Lights up Menyala Not lights up Tidak menyala Lights up Menyala
State one inference for this experiment. Nyatakan satu inferens bagi eksperimen ini. .........................................................................................................................................
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b)
State the variables that are Nyatakan pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang (i) Controlled:............................................................................................................ dimalarkan (ii) manipulated:.......................................................................................................... dimanipulasikan (iii) responding: .......................... ........................... ............................. ......................... bergerak balas
c)
Write one suitable hypothesis for this experiment. Tuliskan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk eksperimen ini. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
d)
Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for electrical conductivity. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekonduksian elektrik. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
4
Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindak balas logam magnesium dengan asid hidroklorik cair .
Dilute hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik cair
Gas
5g of metal magnesium 5g logam magnesium Water Air Diagram 3 Rajah 3 The volume of gas collected is recorded every minute for six minutes. Table 3 shows the results of the experiment. Isipadu gas yang dikumpul direkod setiap minit dalam amsa enam minit . Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Time (minutes) Masa (minit)
1
2
3
4
5
6
20
30
37
41
43
43
3
Volume of gas collected (cm ) 3 Isipadu gas (cm )
Table 3 Jadual 3 a)
State the variables that are
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Nyatakan pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang (i) fixed:.................................................................................................................... dimalarkan (ii) manipulated:......................................................................................................... dimanipulasikan (iii) responding: .............................. ................ ............... ................... ............... ...... ..... bergerak balas
b)
Based on Table 3, draw a graph of the volume of gas against time. Berdasarkan Jadual 3, lukiskan graf isipadu gas melawan masa .
40 Volume of gas /cm3 Isipadu gas / cm3
35
30
25
20
15
1 c)
2
3
4
5
6
Time / minute Masa / minit
What is the relationship between the volume of gas given off and the reaction time in the first two minutes? Apakah hubungan antara isipadu gas yang terhasil dengan masa tindak balas bagi dua minit pertama? .......................................................................................................................................................
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d)
Predict the volume of gas collected at the seven minute. Ramalkan isipadu gas yang terhasil pada minit yang ketujuh. .........................................................................................................................................
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Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the realtionship between mass of an object and the inertia. All obejcts are swing and the time taken for the objects to stop oscillations is recorded. Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jisim objek dengan inersia. Semua objek dihayun dan masa diambil untuk objek berhenti berayun dicatatkan .
Wooden block A Bongkah kayu A
Wooden block B Diagram Bongkah kayu4 B
Wooden block C Bongkah kayu C
Rajah 4 Table 2 shows the result of the experiment. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut . Mass of object / g Jisim objek / g
Time taken to stop oscillation/ minutes M asa diambil u ntuk berhenti berayun/ mini t
200
5.0
400
10.0
600
15.0
Table 2 Jadual 2 a)
i)
State the observation based on the result of the experiment. Nyatakan pemerhatian berdasarkan hasil eksperimen tersebut. ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
ii)
Write down one inference based on the results of this experiment. Tuliskan satu inferens berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini . .........................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................... b)
State the variable in this experiment Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini i) Manipulated variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasi ................................................................................................................................. ii)
Responding variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasi .................................................................................................................................
iii)
Constant variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasi .................................................................................................................................
c)
What is the relationship between the mass of an object and the inertia? Apakah hubungan antara jisim objek and inersia? .................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................
d)
State the operational definition of inertia. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi inersia. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
SECTION C (ESSAY/ESEI) 10. Study the following statement, ( Kaji pernyataan berikut,)
Acid and Alkali have different effects when re act on latex. ( Asid dan alkali memberi kesan berbeza apabila bertindakbalas ke atas lateks )
Your are given , ( Anda diberi, ) Latex, ethanoic acid, ammonium solution, measuring cylinder, glass rod (Lateks, asid etanoik, larutan ammonia, silinder penyukat, rod kaca) (a)
Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. (Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas) [1 mark ]
(b)
Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis based on the following criteria: (Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda berdasarkan kepada perkara-perkara berikut;)
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(i)
Aim of the experiment. ( Tujuan eksperimen ) [1 mark ]
(ii)
Identification of variables ( Mengenalpasti semua pemboleh ubah) [2 marks]
(iii )
List of apparatus and materials ( Senarai radas dan bahan ) [1 mark ]
( iv)
Procedure (Kaedah / prosedur) [4 marks]
(v)
Tabulation of data ( Penjadualan data) [1 mark ]
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Study the following statement ; Kaji pernyataan berikut;
Different metals show different reactivity when react with dilute acid. Logam-logam menunjukkan kereaktifan yang berlainan apabila bertindak balas dengan asid cair
(a)
(b)
Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement. Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
[1 mark ]
Using the magnesium powder, aluminium powder, zinc powder, dilute hydrocloric acid, plastic basin, test tube and other apparatus, describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria : Dengan menggunakan serbuk magnesium , serbuk aluminium , serbuk zink , asid hidroklorik cair , besen plastik, tabung uji dan radas-radas lain, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis di (a) berpandukan kriteria berikut: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Aim of the experiment Tujuan eksperimen
[1 mark ]
Identification of variables Mengenalpasti pembolehubah
[2 marks]
List of apparatus and materials Senarai radas
[1 mark ]
Procedure Prosedur
[4 marks]
Tabulation of data Penjadualan data
[1 mark ]
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SOALAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI BERADA PADA SOALAN INI !!!! 11/12. (a) State two types of plastics and two of their differences. (Nyatakan d u a jenis plastik dan d u a perbezaannya) [4 marks] (b)
Plastics are very widely used because they are economical and easily available , but the usage results negative effects on the environment. Explain how to solve the problem due to pollution resulting from the plastic disposal.Your explanation should based on the following aspect: (Penggunaan plastik sangat meluas kerana ia murah dan mudah didapati, tetapi penggunaannya mendatangkan kesan yang buruk kepada alam sekitar. Terangkan bagaimanakah cara menangani masalah pencemaran akibat pembuangan plastik. Penerangan anda hendaklah m engandungi perkara-perkara berikut:)
Identify the problem. (Mengenal pasti masalah) Clarification of the problem (Penerangan kepada masalah tersebut)
Explain three alternatives to solve the problem (Senarai tiga alternatif bagi mengatasi msalah tersebut)
Choose the best alter native and state the reason for your choice (Pilih alternatif terbaik dan nyatakan sebab pilihan anda)
[6 marks]
11/12 (a) Explain two uses of the following microoganisms ; Terangkan dua kegunaan setiap mikroorganisma berikut; (i) bacteria bakteria (ii) fungi kulat (b)
[4 marks] After flood, the residents of Kampung Gajah Putih is affected by a disease which have the following symptoms : Continuously vomiting Diarrhoea Fever (Selepas banjir, penduduk – penduduk di Kampung Gajah Putih telah dijangkiti oleh sejenis penyakit yang mempunyai gejala-gejala seperti berikut :
Muntah-muntah yang berterusan. Cirit-birit berterusan. Demam)
Based on the symptoms above, explain the way of how to make a decision to control the disease from spreading out. Your explanation should include the following : Berdasarkan kepada gejala-gejala di atas, terangkan bagaimana cara untuk membuat keputusan bagi mengawal penyakit di atas dari terus merebak.Penerangan anda mestilah berdasarkan kepada perkara-perkara berikut;
Identify the problem Mengenalpasti masalah Explain three methods to control the disease Terangkan tiga kaedah untuk mengawal penyakit tersebut. Arrange the methods according the priority Menyusun kaedah-kaedah mengikut keutamaan. Make a decision Membuat keputusan. [6 marks]
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