Baelo Claudia (Bolonia, Tarifa, Cádiz) Cuaderno del alumno

NMOH JON]@IN BJ}n`mrkh `m Njpisi`n`mz MZH

JHKZMGMRÅN @M M@]JNJIÚK JHKZMGMRÅN @M J]OP]RN

Mìpn7 G]KPN @M NK@NO]JÅN+ Jhkzmgmrån `m M`}jnjiúk y Jhkzmgmrån `m J}op}rn Jhhrìknjiúk7 G}nk Nohkzh `m on Zimrrn Cmrkîk`mw N}phrmz7 E§ Cmrknk`n Nojîkpnrn Aigúk/ G}nk Nohkzh `m on Zimrrn Cmrkîk`mw/ Enrån Bhr`úkz Nobn/Emrjm`mz Brnsh Bmkiph/ Meioih Cohr Gieékmw/ Enranripn Oúvmw Nriwknbnrrmpn/ Ghzé M+ Ohwnkh Zîkjlmw/ Momkn Sijphrin Vnsúk Phrrmgúk/ Nkn Nkn Enrån Rhzzh Oúvmw/ Nkphkih Zîkjlmw Ahkwîomw/ O}jinkh Pmzúk Enrpåk/ E§ Ghzé ]prmrn Rh`råa}mw/ Crnkjizjh Smrn Smrn B}zpnenkpm @izmþh ì`îjpijh7 ANBIKMPM VM@NAÚAIJH @M BMOONZ NRPMZ @ib}ghz7 N}a}zph Brnsh Jmrsnkpmz Crnkjizjh Znon`h Cmrkîk`mw @izmþh y nrpmz ciknomz7 I`mn `hz ìzmþh/ z+o+ I+Z+B+K7 <0%<233%036 <0%<233%036%: %: @mvúziph Omano7 =3(60

Bnmoh Jon}ìn

Njpisi`n`mz nkpmz `m on sizipn

Snz n sizipnr }kn `m onz ji}`n`mz rhenknz emghr jhkzmrsn`nz `m on Vmkåkz}on/ Bnmoh Jon}ìn + Jhk mo nvhyh `m onz njpisi`n`mz rmjhai`nz mk mzpm j}n`mrkh y onz hrimkpnjihkmz `m p}z vrhcmzhrmz vh`rîz `mzj}brir e}jlhz nzvmjphz ikpmrmznkpmz/ kh zúoh `mo }rbnkizeh y nr~}ipmjp}rn `m Bnmoh/ zikh `m on j}op}rn y zhjim`n` rhenkn mk amkmrno+

Bnmoh Jon}ìn ,rmjrmnjiúk)

Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

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Bnmoh Jon}ìn


Vonkh `m Bnmoh Jon}ìn

0


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


LIZVNKIN Y RHEN

Rhen mz }kn ji}`n` j}yhz hråamkmz zm emwjonk jhk on omymk`n/ v}mz zma÷k z}z lnbipnkpmz lnbån zi`h c}k`n`n c}k`n`n vhr ohz amemohz Rúe}oh y Rmeh/ lighz lighz `mo ìhz Enrpm'/ ~}m nbnk`hkn`hz no knjmr lnbånk zi`h nenenkpn`hz vhr }kn ohbn+ On c}k`njiúk rmno vh`mehz zip}nron n emìn`hz `mo ziaoh SIII n+ J+ y `}rnkpm onz jmkp}rinz zia}imkpmz ohz rhenkhz mevrmkìmrhk }k vrhjmzh `m m|vnk% ziúk ~}m j}oeikú jhk mo `heikih `m ph`nz onz pimrrnz zip}n`nz mk mo mkphrkh `mo enr Emìpmrrîkmh/ no ~}m moohz oonenrhk Enrm Khzpr}e/ mz `mjir/ k}mzprh enr+

N ciknomz `mo z+ III n+ J+/ mo nþh 2>
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Bnmoh Jon}ìn


Vnznrhk `hjm nþhz lnzpn ~}m mk mo 263 n+ J+ ohz rhenkhz v}ìm% rhk m|v}oznr `mcikipisnemkpm n ohz jnrpnaikmzmz `m Lizvnkin no smk% jmrohz mk on bnpnoon `m Ioivn ,njp}no Nojnoî `mo Råh/ Zmsioon )+ N vnrpir `m mzm ehemkph on njjiúk `m Rhen/ `mjiì`n n vmrenkmjmr mk k}mzprnz pimrrnz/ c}m ievnrnbom ievnrnbom y n}k~}m p}sh ~}m smkjmr on rmziz% pmkjin `m k}emrhzhz v}mbohz jhk% zia}iú z} vrhvúziph/ prnz `hbomanr n Jîkpnbrhz y Nzp}rmz mk z}z pim% rrnz ehkpnþhznz+ Mrn mo nþh >9 n+ J+ y jhemkwnbn }k vmråh`h `m vnw `mkheikn`n Vn| N}a}zpn/ `mz`m mkphkjmz ph`n Lizvnkin ~}m`ú vom% knemkpm ikpmarn`n mk mo e}k`h rhenkh+

Vnrn hrankiwnr emghr mo jhkprho/ Lizvnkin c}m ìsiì`n mk ìzpikpnz vrhsikjinz+ Bnmoh mzpnbn zip}n`n mk on Bnmpijn/ ~}m pmkån vhr jnvipno n Jhr`}bn ,Júr`hbn)+ On Bnmpijn mzpnbn ìsiì`n n z} smw mk j}nprh jhksmkphz g}råìjhz '/ j}ynz jnvipnomz mrnk Jhr`}bn ,Júr`hbn)/ Nzpiai ,Éjign)/ Lizvnoiz ,Zmsioon) y An`mz ,Jîìw)+ Zip÷n mzpnz ji}`n`mz mk mo vonkh ~}m pimkmz nrribn+ 3


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


BNMOH

+++ Bnmoh mz }k v}mrph `hk`m amkmrnoemkpm zm mebnrjn lnzpn Pikaiz ,Pîkamr)/ mk En}ripnkin+ Mz pnebiék }k mevhrih ~}m pimkm cîbrijnz `m znonwúk+ Zma÷k mzpm pm|ph `mo nkpia}h amúarnch Mzprnbúk/ on vriemrn c}kjiúk `m on ji}`n` mrn zmr v}mrph `m singmrhz mkprm on Vmkåkz}on y Îcrijn/ Îcr ijn/ vmrh pnebiék mrn }k mevhrih/ mz `mjir/ }k ievhrpnkpm jmkprh jhemrjino `hk`m zm ikpmrjnebinbnk ikpmrjnebinb nk vrh`}jphz `m vrhjm`mkjin ìsmrzn+ @m hprhz o}anrmz `mo Emìpm% rrîkmh oomanbnk jmrîeijnz jmr îeijnz h vimwnz `m o}gh y `mz`m nooå zm m|vhrpnbnk noa}khz vrh`}jphz vrh`} jphz naråjhonz y/ zhbrm ph`h/ znonwhkmz `m vmzjn`h y anr}e'/ }kn znozn e}y nvrmjin`n+

Mo mevonwneimkph `m Bnmoh mrn c}k`nemkpno vnrn z} njpi% si`n` vhrp}nrin y jhemrjino7 on ji}`n` zm ohjnoiwn e}y jmrjn `mo Mzprmjlh `m Aibrnopnr/ no chk`h `m }kn vm~}mþn mkzmkn`n y rh`mn`n `m }kn zmrim `m zimrrnz ~}m `moieipnk e}y bimk z} pmrri% phrih+ Mo enr mrn on arnk c}mkpm `m ri~}mwn/ n}k~}m pnebiék pmkånk pimrrnz vnrn j}opishz naråjhonz+ Ohz lnbipnkpmz `m Bnmoh kh zúoh jhemrjinbnk jhk on whkn eîz vrú|ien `mo khrpm `m Îcrijn/ oh ~}m omz rmz}opnbn e}y júeh`h/ zikh ~}m oh lnjånk jhk hprhz v}kphz eîz nomgn`hz jheh Nomgnk`rån/ Anoin m Ipnoin4 on njpisi`n` jhemrjino oomaú n zmr pnk ievhrpnkpm ~}m `}rnkpm }k pimevh Bnmoh p}sh z} vrhvin ehkm`n/ ia}no ~}m onz jmrjnknz An`mz y Jnrpmin+


1

Bnmoh Jon}ìn


Mo enr vrhvhrjihknbn n Bnmoh mo vmzjn`h kmjmznrih vnrn monbhrnr onz jhkzmrsnz `m znonwúk y on cnbrijnjiúk `mo anr}e+ Mk mo Mzprmjlh lnbån e}jlnz mzvmjimz `m vmzjn`h ph`h mo nþh/ vmrh mk ohz emzmz `m vriensmrn y smrnkh vnznbnk vhr z}z jhzpnz vmjmz eiarnphrihz ~}m ibnk lnjin mo Emìpmrrî% kmh n `mzhsnr y vhzpmrihremkpm shosånk lnjin mo Npoîkpijh+ Mkphkjmz ohz jnvp}rnbnk emìnkpm mo ikamkihzh zizpmen ~}m jhkhjmehz jheh noen`rnbn'+

Bnmoh jhemkwú n jhkzpr}irzm `}rnkpm mo ziaoh II n+ J+ y mk évhjn `mo mevmrn`hr N}a}zph m|vmriemkpú }kn arnk prnkzchrenjiúk n`~}irimk`h mkphkjmz on chren påvijn `m onz ji}`n`mz rhen% knz+ Eîz pnr`m/ n emìn`hz `mo ziaoh I `+ J+/ on r}ikn `m e}jlhz mìcijihz/ vhzibomemkpm n jn}zn `m noa÷k pmrrmehph/ hboiaú n rmjhkzpr}iron `m k}msh+ @mz`m mkphkjmz zm `mkheikú Bnmoh Jon}ìn / pno smw mk lhkhr `mo mevmrn`hr `m on ìknzpån G}oih Jon}ìn' %Jon}ìh h z} z}jmzhr Kmrúk% ~}m vnprhjikú on rmj}vmrnjiúk `m on ji}`n`+ <


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


Vnrmjm ~}m mo mzvomk`hr `m Bnmoh Jon}ìn njnbú mk mo ziaoh III `+ J+ y j}nk`h zm vrh`}gh hprh pmrrmehph ~}m nzhoú on ji}`n`/ z}z lnbipnkpmz jnrmjimrhk jnrmjimrhk `m rmj}rzhz vnrn rmjhkzpr}iron4 nzå `}rnkpm e}jlh pimevh sisimrhk mkprm r}iknz/ lnzpn ~}m mk mo ziaoh IS zm jhemkwú n omsnkpnr }k vhbon`h `m l}eio`mz mìcijihz ~}m kn`n pmkånk ~}m smr jhk mo mzvomk`hr vnzn`h+ Kh hbzpnkpm/ onz ik`}zprinz `m znonwhkmz zia}imrhk c}kjihknk`h c} kjihknk`h y on njpisi`n` `m Bnmoh zm vrhohkaú lnzpn vnzn`hz }khz prmzjimkphz prmzjimk phz nþhz/ j}nk`h c}m `mcikipisnemkpm nbnk`hkn`n+

@}rnkpm e}jlhz ziaohz ohz rmzphz `m on ji}`n` vmrenkmjimrhk hj}ophz/ mk z} enyhr vnrpm/ bngh on nrmkn y on pimrrn ~}m c}mrhk nj}e}oîk`hzm zhbrm moon4 nvmknz ~}m`ú on l}moon `m z} khebrm/ Bhohkin/ vnrn `mziaknr mo o}anr ~}m }k `ån hj}vú mo njpish k÷jomh jhemrjino+ Lhy/ prnz k}emrhznz jnevnþnz `m m|jnsnjihkmz nr~}mhoúaijnz/ jhkhjmehz e}jlhz `nphz `m Bnmoh y vh`mehz jhkpme% vonr mo m|prnhrìknrih jhkg}kph }rbnkh/ }kh `m ohz eîz jhevomphz mkprm ohz jhkhji`hz mk k}mzprn Vmkåkz}on+ Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

9


Bnmoh Jon}ìn

OÅKMN @MO PIMEVH Z+ SIII n+ J+ 1=: Jheimkwh `m on Rmv÷boijn

Z+ SI n+ J+ =69

@mzmebnrjh mk Jîìw `m Neiojnr Bnrjn

Z+ III n+ J+ 2:1 2><

@isiziúk `m Lizvnkin mk `hz vrhsikjinz Rhen `mzpr}ym Jnrpnah Jheimkwh A}mrrnz Jisiomz

263 Z+ II n+ J+ >91 >03

Z+ I n+ J+ <<

Nzmziknph `m G}oih Jmznr

00

Jheimkwh `mo Ievmrih

21 >9

Jrmnjiúk `m on vrhsikjin Bnmpijn E}mrm Jon}ìh+ Kmrúk/ mevmrn`hr

><%>: Z+ I `+ J+ =0

Smzvnzinkh jhkjm`m mo `mrmjlh onpikh n ohz ji}`n`nkhz oibrmz `mo Ievmrih

10

Prngnkh// mevmrn`hr Prngnkh

9<

N`rinkh/ mevmrn`hr

Z+ II `+ J+ >>1 Z+ III `+ J+

Jnrnjnoon jhkjm`m mo `mrmjlh `m ji}`n`nkån n ph`hz ohz lhebrmz oibrmz `mo Ievmrih Mìjph `m Eioîk @isiziúk `mo Ievmrih

2>2 Z+ IS `+ J+ :>:

Iksnziúk `m Z}mshz/ Sîk`nohz y Nonkhz

:30 Z+ S `+ J+ 0>6

Jnå`n `mo Ievmrih Rhenkh `m Hjji`mkpm

013

Jhohjn n on `mrmjln `m on Oåkmn `mo Pimevh y mk mo o}anr ~}m omz jhrrmzvhk`m ohz zia}imkpmz njhk% pmjieimkphz/ j}ynz cmjlnz cia}rnk cia}r nk mk mo rmonph nkpmrihr7 C}k`njiúk `m Rhen ( Ooman`n `m ohz rhen% khz n on Vmkåkz}on ( Vn| N}a}zpn ( Bnmoh n`hvpn on `mkheiknjiúk `m Bnmoh Jon}ìn ( Cik `mo mzvomk`hr mjhkúeijh `m Bnmoh ( Nbnk`hkh `mcikipish `m on ji}`n`+ @isiì`hz mk ar}vhz/ b}zjn` ikchrenjiúk zhbrm ohz njhkpmjieimkphz ~}m cia}rnk mk on Oåkmn `mo Pimevh y vhzpmrihremkpm rmnoiwn` }kn v}mzpn mk jhe÷k+ >6


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


¸JÚEH VONKICIJNBNK OHZ RHENKHZ Z]Z JI]@N@MZ8 Onz ji}`n`mz ~}m m|izpånk nkpmz `m on ooman`n `m ohz rhenkhz c}mrhk ikjhrvhrnk`h mk z} jhk% g}kph }rbnkh momemkphz y mìcijihz jnrnjpmråzpijhz `m on nr~}ipmjp}rn rhenkn/ eimkprnz ~}m onz `m k}msn vonkpn zm jhkzpr}ymrhk zma÷k mz~}menz }rbnkåzpijhz y nr~}ipmjpúkijhz vomknemkpm rhenkhz+ Mk mzpnz ÷opienz vh`mehz `mzpnjnr ohz zia}imkpmz momemkphz jhe}kmz7 >

3 0

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2 =

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> Nj}m`}jph+ Mo nbnzpmjieimkph `m na}n c}m }kn `m onz j}mzpihkmz eîz ievhrpnkpmz mk onz ji}`n`mz rhenknz+ Zm jhk`}jån `mz`m enknkpinomz eîz h emkhz jmrjnkhz n prnséz `m nj}m`}jphz y zm noenjmkn% bn mk arnk`mz nogibmz/ jnzpmoo}e n~}nm/ `mz`m `hk`m zm ìzprib}ånk n ìzpikphz v}kphz `m on ji}`n`+ 2 E}rnoonz+ Z} c}kjiúk hriaikno mrn `mcmkzisn/ vmrh mk vmråh`hz `m vnw pnebiék zm jhkzpr}ymrhk jheh

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`moieipnjiúk `mo k÷jomh }rbnkh+

: Prnwn`h }rbnkh + N}k~}m mk hjnzihkmz zm pmkånk ~}m n`nvpnr n onz jnrnjpmråzpijnz `mo pmrrmkh/ zhoånk zmr `m prnwn`h hrphahkno '/ mz `mjir jhk jnoomz rmjpnz y vmrvmkìj}onrmz+ Mkprm moonz lnbån `hz vrikji% vnomz/ ~}m nprnsmznbnk on whkn jmkprno/ `m Khrpm n Z}r mo jnr`h en|ie}z/ y `m Mzpm n Hmzpm mo `mj}enk}z en|ie}z+

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vrh|iei`n`mz+ Mk z} 0 Chrh+ Arnk vonwn v÷boijn zip}n`n mk mo jr}jm `m onz jnoomz vrikjivnomz h mk z}z vrh|iei`n`mz+ mkphrkh zm omsnkpnbnk ohz pmevohz eîz ievhrpnkpmz y mìcijihz rmonjihkn`hz jhk on nèikizprnjiúk ji}`n`nkn+

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= Pmrenz+ Bnþhz v÷boijhz ~}m p}simrhk arnk ievhrpnkjin mk on si`n jhpiìnkn `m on ji}`n`/ v}mz/ n`meîz `m j}evoir }kn c}kjiúk liaiékijn/ mrnk o}anrmz `m mkj}mkprh zhjino y j}op}rno+

3 Mìcijihz vnrn mzvmjpîj}ohz+ Zma÷k z} ievhrpnkjin onz ji}`n`mz vh`ånk pmkmr pmnprh/ nkcipmnprh' y

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jirjh'/ n ohz ~}m nj}`ånk ohz ji}`n`nkhz vnrn vrmzmkjinr rmvrmzmkpnjihkmz oipmrnrinz/ o}jlnz `m aonìn`hrmz h jnrrmrnz `m jnrrhz pirn`hz vhr jnbnoohz+

Vrhohkan onz comjlnz ~}m nvnrmjmk n on iw~}imr`n `m mzphz momemkphz lnzpn mo o}anr ~}m omz jhrrmz% vhk`m mk mo ìb}gh ~}m pimkmz mk mzpn vîaikn+ Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

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Bnmoh Jon}ìn

MZPR]JP]R N N@EIKIZPRNPIS MZPR]JP]RN N@EIKIZPRNPISN N @M ON JI]@N@ RHENKN Ph`hz ohz e}kijivihz rhenkhz rhe nkhz pmkånk }kn omy e}kijivno mk on ~}m zm mzpnbomjånk onz bnzmz `m on hrankiwnjiúk nèikizprnpisn/ j}yh c}kjihkneimkph zm jnknoiwnbn n prnséz `m ohz zia}imkpmz hrankiz% ehz y jnrahz v÷boijhz7

OM\ ESKIJIVNOIZ ,Omy `m on ji}`n`)

JHEIPIN Nznebomnz Vhv}onrmz+ Mzpnbnk jhkzpip}i`nz vhr ph`hz ohz ji}`n`n% khz oibrmz+ Momaånk ohz enaizprn`hz y vnrpijivnbnk mk `mpmreikn`nz `m% jizihkmz+

ENAIZPRNPSZ Mo v}mboh momaån nk}noemkpm `hz enaizprn`hz vnrn jn`n jnrah+ @SHSIRI Ohz @}hsirhz vrmzi`ånk mo Zmkn`h ohjno/ nèikizprnbnk jnzhz zmkjioohz `m g}zpijin ohjno y jn`n jikjh nþhz `mbmk mkjnranrzm `m rmnoiwnr mo jmk% zh `m ji}`n`nkhz y z}z bimkmz+ NM@IOMZ Ohz mìomz `mbånk hj}vnrzm `mo nbnzpmjieimkph `m priah/ j}i`n`h `m ohz pmevohz/ jnoomz/ emrjn`hz/ jhk% prho `m vmznz y emì`nz/ mpj+ Pne% Pne% biék vh`ånk nèikizprnr jnzhz zmk% jioohz `m g}zpijin ohjno

JSRIN Ohz ikpmarnkpmz `m mzpm Zmkn`h oh% jno zm `mkheiknbnk `mj}rihkmz y mrnk momai`hz vhr ohz `}hsirhz y nkpia}hz `mj}rihkmz+ Zúoh vh`ånk vmrpmkmjmr n éo ohz ji}`n`nkhz ri% jhz mkprm 2= y == nþhz/ ~}m pmkank rmzi`mkjin mk on ji}`n` y zmnk `m ievmjnbom jhk`}jpn ehrno y omano+ Mkprm moohz lnbån e}jlhz nkpia}hz enaizprn`hz+ Njmvpnbnk h rmjlnwn% bnk onz `mjizihkmz `m on nznebomn y `mji`ånk zhbrm noa}khz nz}kphz nèikizprnpishz/ ciknkjimrhz/ cmzpi% shz/ mpj+

^SNMZPHRMZ Ohz j}mzphrmz zm mkjnranbnk bngh mo jhkprho `m ohz mìomz `m on rmjn}% `njiúk `m ohz prib}phz y on nèi% kizprnjiúk `m ohz chk`hz v÷boijhz+

Ikcúrenpm zhbrm on hrankiwnjiúk y c}kjihkneimkph `mo Ny}kpneimkph `m p} ohjnoi`n` vnrn nknoiwnr ~}é ìcmrmkjinz h zmemgnkwnz m|izpmk jhk rmzvmjph n on `m ohz e}kijivihz rhenkhz+ ¸M|izpmk khebrmz zmemgnkpmz mkprm ohz jnrahz e}kijivnomz njp}nomz y ohz rhenkhz8 ¸J}îomz8

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ >2


NJPISI@N@MZ @]RNKPM ON SIZIPN

Bnmoh Jon}ìn

Njpisi`n`mz `}rnkpm on sizipn

>mr V]KPH @M HBZMRS H BZMRSNJIÚK+ NJIÚK+ E]RNOONZ Y V]MRPN V]MRPN HRIMKPNO Jhemkwnehz on sizipn n Bnmoh nkpm }kn `m onz v}mrpnz `m z} e}rnoon/ oonen`n lhy `m Jnrpmin / j}yh mkphrkh c}m }pioiwn`h jheh kmjrúvhoiz'+ @mz`m mzpm o}anr jhkpmevonehz e}y bimk mo mevon% wneimkph `m on ji}`n`/ g}kph no enr y rh`mn`n vhr }k jhkg}kph `m zimrrnz y ohenz7 Hbzmrsn mk mzpm envn júeh zm `mkheiknk onz zimrrnz y ohenz y prnpn `m i`mkpicijnronz `mz`m mo o}anr `hk`m pm mkj}mkprnz+

On jhkzpr}jjiúk ~}m nvnrmjm mk mzpn chpharncån zm ohjnoiwn e}y jmrjn `mo o}anr `hk`m pm mkj}mkprnz/ n p} `mrmjln/ zhk ohz rmzphz `m }kh `m ohz nj}m`}jphz' ~}m prnånk na}n lnzpn on ji}`n`+

>0


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


On e}rnoon `m Bnmoh/ ia}no ~}m on `m ph`nz onz ji}`n`mz rhenknz/ pmkån }k `hbom jnrîjpmr/ v}mz zmrsån vnrn `mcmk`mr on vhbonjiúk `m j}no~}imr npn~}m n on smw ~}m enrjnbn ohz oåeipmz `mo rmjikph }rbnkh/ ìcmrmkjiîk`hoh ìcmrmkjiîk`hoh nzå `m chren jonrn `mo mkphrkh r}rno+ Mzpnbn jhkzpip}i`n jhkzpip}i`n vhr }k zúoi`h e}rh `m nvrh|ien`nemkpm }k emprh `m arhzhr jhk phrrmhkmz `m vonkpn j}n`rnka}onr ìzprib}i`hz n ikpmrsnohz irrma}onrmz+ On v}mrpn zm vrhpmaån jhk phrrmhkmz/ yn ~}m mrn on whkn `m eîz `ébio `mcmkzn+ @mkprh `m mzpnz phrrmz lnbån lnbipnjihkmz `hk`m zm nohgnbnk ohz a}nrìnz ~}m jhkprhonbnk mo vnzh `m vmrzhknz y emrjnkjånz+ Vhr mzpn v}mrpn znoån `m on ji}`n` on sin' ~}m smkån `m An`mz ,Jîìw) y zm ìriaån n Jnrpmin/ mk on bnlån `m Noamjirnz/ `hz ji}`n`mz jhzpmrnz ievhrpnkpmz vrú|ienz n Bnmoh+ Mk mo prneh }rbnkh zm jhksmrpån mk }kn `m onz jnoomz vrikjivnomz `m on ji}`n`/ mo `mj}enk}z en|ie}z/ `mo ~}m v}m`mz hbzmrsnr rmzphz `m z} vnsiemkph'+

¸J}îo vimkznz ~}m c}m mo ehpish vhr mo ~}m ohz nr~}múohahz lnk `mkheikn`h n mzpn mkprn`n V}mrpn `m Jnrpmin87

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++ Zm `mjån mk Rhen ~}m Rúe}oh/ z} omamk`nrih c}k`n`hr/ rmsmzpi`h `m znjmr`hpm y jhk on ny}`n `m }k nrn`h `mo ~}m pirnbnk }k phrh y }kn snjn bonkjhz/ prnwú prnwú }k z}rjh znarn`h vnrn ikìjnr mo vmråemprh `m on ji}`n`+ Zhbrm éo h ikemìnpnemkpm `mprîz zm jhkzpr}yú on e}rnoon/ j}ynz v}mrpnz jhrrmzvhk`ånk n ohz mzvnjihz mk ohz ~}m zm lnbån ikpmrr}evi`h mo z}rjh+ Jn`n smw ~}m zm omsnkpnbn }kn k}msn ji}`n`/ ohz znjmr`hpmz rmvm% pånk on eizen jmrmehkin+


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Bnmoh Jon}ìn


2· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ ON BNZÅOIJN On bnzåoijn mrn mo mìcijih `hk`m zm ievnrpån g}zpijin/ mrn mo m~}isnomkpm n k}mzprhz g}wan`hz+ @}rnkpm mo arnk pmrrmehph ~}m nzhoú Bnmoh mk mo ziaoh III `+ J+ ~}m`ú phpnoemkpm nrr}ikn`n y onz jho}eknz/ ~}m mzpnbnk jhkzpr}i`nz jhk pnebhrmz' jnymrhk no z}moh ia}no ~}m onz vimwnz `m }k `heikú+ Nzå onz mkjhkprnrhk ohz nr~}múohahz `}rnkpm onz m|jnsnjihkmz y njp}noemkpm noa}knz yn lnk zi`h omsnkpn`nz `m k}msh+ Hbzmrsn `mpmki`nemkpm ohz rmzphz `m on bnzåoijn ~}m n÷k ~}m`nk mk vim y jhe% vîrnohz jhk on vonkpn y rmjhkzpr}jjiúk `m z} nzvmjph hriaikno ~}m pimkmz mk mzphz ìb}ghz7

Rmjhkzpr}jjiúk `mo ikpmrihr `m on bnzåoijn Rh`mn jhk }k jårj}oh onz jho}eknz ~}m mzpîk jhevompnz+ On arnk mzpnp}n ~}m zm omsnkpn mk mo ikpmrihr vmrpmkmjm no mevmrn`hr Prngnkh+ Vrhohkan on comjln lnzpn mo o}anr `mo ìb}gh ~}m jhrrmzvhk`m n z} mevonwneimkph7

Vonkpn `m on bnzåoijn >3


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


C]KJIHKMZ @M ONZ BNZÅOIJNZ ZNON @M G]ZPIJIN Mrn mo o}anr `hk`m zm ievnrpån ievnrpån g}zpijin zhbrm vm~}mþhz nz}kphz+

PMEVOH @MO MEVMRN@HR Onz bnzåoijnz zm }pioiwnbnk jheh o}anr `m j}oph ievmrino+

MZVNJIH J]BIMRPH NKMGH NO CHRH Zmrsån `m rmc}aih n ohz ji}`n`nkhz ~}m nj}`ånk no chrh ohz `ånz `m e}jlh simkph h oo}sin+ Lnbån bnkjhz n`hzn`hz n ohz e}rhz vnrn ~}m v}ìmrnk zmkpnrzm+

ZNON @M RM]KIHKMZ VHOÅPIJNZ J}nk`h lnjån eno pimevh/ onz rm}kihkmz vhoåpi% jnz/ ~}m }z}noemkpm zm jmombrnbnk no `mzj}bimrph mk on vonwn `mo chrh/ mrnk prnzon`n`nz n on bnzåoijn+

Mo mevmrn`hr Prngnkh nvnrmjm rmvrmzmkpn`h mk on mzpnp}n jhohzno `m on bnzåoijn smzpi`h jhk on phan/ mo smzpi`h hcijino `m ohz rhenkhz/ jheh enaizprn`h z}vrmeh jhk eî|ieh vh`mr mk enpmrin omaizonpisn y g}ì% jino+ Vhr mzh ohz `}hsirhz zm zip}nbnk nkpm éo vnrn ievnrpir g}zpijin+ N z}z vimz cia}rn }k j}mrkh `m on nb}k`nkjin jheh zåebhoh `m vrhzvmri`n`+


>1


Bnmoh Jon}ìn

Hprnz chrenz hcijinomz `m rmvrmzmkpnr no mevmrn`hr mrnk7

@mzmevmþnk`h mo jnrah `m Z}eh Vhkpåcijm/ jhk on jnbmwn j}bimrpn vhr }k smoh+

Jheh gmcm z}vrmeh `m ohz mgérji% phz jhk smzpiemkpn eioipnr+

@isikiwn`h prnz z} e}mrpm/ `mzk}% `h/ jheh ohz ìhzmz arimahz+

Nvrhsmjlnehz ~}m mzpnehz mk on bnzåoijn vnrn lnjmr }k jhemkpnrih zhbrm nr~}ipmjp}rn rhenkn7 Rhen c}m }kn arnk nèirn`hrn `m on j}op}rn ariman y }pioiwú mk z}z mìcijihz momemkphz zieion% zieion% rmz n ohz `m z} nr~}ipmjp}rn/ mkprm moohz ohz jnvipmomz+ Hbzmrsn mk onz jho}eknz `m on bnzåoijn mo pivh `m jnvipmo momai`h+

GÚKIJH

PHZJNKH

JHRIKPIH

JHEV]MZPH

Z}brnyn mo ~}m jhikji`m jhk mo pivh `m on bnzåoijn+

Mo mz~}men `m onz bnzåoijnz c}m n`hvpn`h vhr ohz jrizpinkhz vnrn on jhkzpr}jjiúk `m ohz vriemrhz pmevohz/ v}mz jrmnbnk }k nevoih mzvnjih j}bimrph vnrn vh`mr `mznrrhoonr z}z jmrmehkinz rmoiaihznz+

><


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


:mr V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ VONWN @MO CHRH Y ]RBNKIZEH Mo chrh mz }kn arnk vonwn vhrpijn`n zip}n`n mk mo jhrnwúk `m on ji}`n`+ Mk phrkh n moon zm omsnkpnbnk ohz vrikjivnomz pmevohz y mìcijihz nèikizprnpishz+ Mrn o}anr `m kmahjihz/ rm}kihkmz vhoåpijnz y jmrmehkinz rmoiaihznz+ Mo chrh `m Bnmoh pimkm chren rmjpnka}onr y prmz `m z}z on`hz ibnk vhrpijn`hz+ Mzpî vmrcmjpnemk% pm vnsiemkpn`h jhk arnk`mz ohznz e}y bimk jhkzmrsn`nz/ n}k~}m lnk vnzn`h }khz `hz eio nþhz `mz`m ~}m onz jhohjnrhk+ Vnrnomonz Vnrnom onz n ohz on`hz `mo chrh ìzj}rrmk ph`nz onz jnoomz `m on vhbonjiúk/ ~}m zm jr}wnk vmrvmkìj}onremkpm/ zma÷k mo prnwn`h hrphahkno' e}y crmj}mkpm mk onz ji}`n`mz rhen% knz+ V}m`mz jhevrhbnroh mk mo vonkh amkmrno ~}m pimkmz mk on vîa+ 0+ Hbzmrsn nlhrn mk mzpm vonkh `mo chrh mo o}anr `hk`m pm mkj}mkprnz/ ~}m mzpî enrjn`h jhk }kn\ +

@}rnkpm }k pimevh mo chrh `m Bnmoh `mzmevmþú c}kjihkmz jhemrjinomz/ n}k~}m eîz pnr`m mzpn njpisi`n` zm `mz% vonwú n hprhz o}anrmz+ Mk mo vúrpijh hmzpm/ n p} iw~}imr% `n/ v}m`mz hbzmrsnr }kn z}% jmziúk `m vm~}mþhz mzvnjihz rmjpnka}onrmz ~}m c}mrhk pimk`nz+ Mzjribm z} khebrm mk mo rmj}n`rh ~}m pimkmz g}kph no o}anr ~}m omz jhrrmz% jhr rmz% vhk`m mk mo vonkh+

\

No chk`h/ crmkpm n pi/ zm om% snkpn }k arnk mìcijih/ on bn% zåoijn/ ~}m yn lmehz nknoi% wn`h nkpmz+ Mzjribm pnebiék z} khebrm mk mo rmj}n`rh ~}m om jhrrmzvhk`m mk mo von% kh+

Prnz mo vúrpijh zip}n`h n p} `mrmjln zm jhkzmrsnk e}rhz vmrpmkmjimkpmz n prmz mìcijihz/ `m ohz ~}m vh`mehz nvrmjinr bimk z} vonkpn+ Mz e}y vhzibom ~}m p}simrnk }kn c} kjiúk nèikizprnpisn+ Mo eîz nomgn`h v}`h zmr mo pnb}onri}e/ mo nrjlish `m on ji}`n`+ G}kph n éo zm ìzvhkm }kn vhzibom znon `m shpnjihkmz+ Mo mìcijih jmkprno/ `m vrhvhrjihkmz eîz nevoinz/ v}`h zmr on j}rin/ `hk`m zm rm}kån mo jhkzmgh ohjno/ y mo eîz jmrjnkh/ }kn znon `m rm}kihkmz+ Mzjribm z}z khebrmz mk ohz rmj}n`rhz jhrrmzvhkìmkpmz ia}no ~}m lnz lmjlh jhk ohz hprhz+ Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

>9

Bnmoh Jon}ìn


Mk mo j}nrph crmkpm/ `hk`m khz khz mkjhkprnehz/ lny }kn }kn vonpnchren momsn`n momsn`n zhbrm on ~}m zm omsnkpnbnk ohz pmevohz/ `heiknk`h nzå ph`n on vonwn+ Mzpm crmkpm sn jmrrn`h no kismo `m on vonwn vhr }k e}rh mk j}yhz onpmrnomz zm ìzvhkmk mzjnomrnz ~}m jhe}kijnk ohz vúrpijhz `mo chrh jhk on vonpn% chren `m ohz pmevohz+ Mk mo jmkprh lnbån }kn c}mkpm `m chren zmeijirj}onr y nkpm moon on prib}kn `m on nrmkanz'+ On prib}kn `m onz nrmkanz mrn e}y ievhrpnkpm/ yn ~}m `mz`m moon zm vrhk}kjinbn k ohz ìzj}rzhz mk onz rm}kihkmz vhoåpijnz y hprnz jmombrnjihkmz+ Vhr mooh mzpnbn zip}n`n mk mo mgm enyhr `m on vonwn+ Rh`mn jhk }k jårj}oh mo o}anr ~}m om jhrrmzvhk`m mk mo vonkh+

Mk mo ìb}gh ~}m pimkmz n jhkpik}njiúk v}m`mz smr }kn rmjhkzpr}jjiúk `mo chrh/ on comjln ikìjn mo o}anr `hk`m pm mkj}mkprnz7

Zi jhevnrnz on enakåcijn sizpn ~}m jhkpmevonehz mk on njp}noi`n` `mz`m mo o}anr `hk`m khz mkjhkprnehz y on ~}m vh`mehz ienaiknr ~}m m|izpån j}nk`h ohz mìcijihz mzpnbnk jhevomphz/ zhbrm ph`h on bnzåoijn jhk z}z `hz vonkpnz `m nop}rn/ jhevrmk`mrîz ~}m mrn e}y ìcmrmkpm+ Mo jhkprnzpm zm `mbm n ~}m on vonwn `mo chrh mrn }k o}anr phpnoemkpm jmrrn`h y `moieipn`h vhr onz jhkzpr}jjihkmz jhkzpr}jjihkmz `m z} mkphrkh+ 26


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


0· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ JNVIPHOIH Mo jnviphoih mrn mo jhkg}kph `m pmevohz `mìjn`hz n on Prån`n Jnviphoikn/ G}kh/ G÷vipmr y Eikmrsn/ onz ìsiki`n`mz eîz ievhrpnkpmz `mo vnkpmúk' rhenkh+ Mk ohz ìb}ghz ~}m pimkmz n jhkpik}njiúk v}m`mz smr on vonkpn `m ohz pmevohz y on rmjhkzpr}j% jiúk ~}m khz vmreipm mshjnr z} nzvmjph hriaikno+

Mo ikpmrihr `m ohz pmevohz mzpnbn ÷kijnemkpm `mzpikn`h n jhbignr on mzpnp}n `m on ìsiki`n`/ onz jmrmehkinz rmoiaihznz mk z} lhkhr pmkånk o}anr mk nopnrmz zip}n`hz mk mo m|pmrihr+ Mk Bnmoh onz jmrmehkinz mk lhkhr `m on Prån`n Jnviphoikn zm jmombrnbnk nkpm }k ÷kijh nopnr `m vim`rn `m }khz >2 e+ zip}n`h crmkpm no pmevoh `m G÷vipmr mk on m|vonkn`n ~}m zm m|pimk`m nkpm ohz pmevohz+ I`mkpicijn mo nopnr y rh`énoh jhk }k jårj}oh mk mo vonkh `m ohz pmevohz ~}m pimkmz mk mzpn vîaikn+

Vnrn hbzmrsnr emghr on mzpr}jp}rn `m ohz pmevohz z}bm no jmkprno/ mo `m G÷vipmr/ j}ynz mzjnomrnz zm lnk rmjhkzpr}i`h+ Nzå nknoiwnrîz emghr z}z jnrnjpmråzpijnz+ Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

2>


Bnmoh Jon}ìn

Ohz pmevohz rhenkhz zm nownbnk zhbrm }kn nopn bnzm oonen`n vhì}e/ mk j}yh crmkpm vrikjivno lnbån mzjnomrnz `m njjmzh+ On lnbipnjiúk `hk`m mzpnbn on mzpnp}n `m on ìsiki`n`/ on jmoon/ ibn vrm% jmì`n `m }k vúrpijh/ mo vrhknhz/ zhzpm% ki`h vhr jho}eknz+ Nebhz mzvnjihz zm j}brånk vhr }k pmgn`h n `hz na}nz' j}yhz crmkpmz prinka}onrmz mrnk nvrhsm% jln`hz vnrn ìzvhkmr crhkphkmz+ Mo vrhknhz `m jn`n pmevoh `m Bnmoh pmkån zmiz jho}eknz/ j}nprh mk mo crmkpm y `hz mk ohz onpmrnomz+ Mk onz vnrm`mz m|pmrihrmz `m onz jmoonz lnbån vionzprnz'+ E}rhz y jho}eknz mrnk `m vim`rn j}bimrpnz `m mzp}jh' bonkjh4 mo z}moh `m ehrpmrh ' jhk prhwhz e}y vm~}mþhz `m jmrîeijn+ Enrjn jhk }kn \ mo rmj}n`rh ~}m zm zip÷n g}kph n ohz momemkphz h whknz wh knz ~}m zm v}m`mk v}m`m k ìcmrmkjinr/ ìcmrmkjinr/ n}k~}m zúoh zmn mk vonkpn/ `m ohz pmevohz `m Bnmoh7 Pmgn`h

Vhì}e

Vionzprnz

Vrhknhz

Crhkphkmz

Mzp}jh

Jho}eknz

Jmoon

Vnsiemkph

G÷vipmr// G}kh y Eikmrsn mrnk ohz ìhzmz eîz ievhrpnkpmz `m Rhen y zm jhkhjånk jheh on Prån`n Jnviphoikn+ G÷vipmr

G]KH/ mzvhzn `m G÷vipmr/ G÷vipmr/ vrh% pmaån n onz e}gmrmz/ mk mzvmjino n onz jnzn`nz+

22

G×VIPMR mrn mo ìhz `mo jimoh/ `mo rnyh y `mo pr}mkh+ Mzpnbn jhkzi`mrn`h jheh mo eîz vh`m% rhzh m ievhrpnkpm `m ph`hz ohz ìhzmz+

EIKMRSN/ ~}m lnbån knji`h EIKMRSN/ k nji`h `m on jnbmwn `m G÷vipmr G÷vi pmr// mrn on ìhzn vrhpmjphrn `m onz njpisi`n`mz ik% pmomjp}nomz/ mzvmjinoemkpm on mz% jhonr+


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


=· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ PMEVOH @M IZIZ N on `mrmjln `mo Jnviphoih zm omsnkpn mo pmevoh `m Iziz/ ìsiki`n` maivjin j}yh j}oph p}sh arnk ievhrpnkjin mk Bnmoh/ jheh e}mzprn on }bijnjiúk `mo mìcijih mk }k o}anr vrmcmrmkpm/ g}kph no `m onz ìsiki`n`mz vrikjivnomz `m Rhen+ Iziz mrn mzvhzn `mo ìhz Hziriz y en`rm `mo ìhz%zho Lhr}z+ Zma÷k on eiphohaån/ mo ìhz `m on zhebrn enpú n z} mzvhzh Hziriz y moon vnzú ph`n }kn khjlm b}zjîk`hoh mkprm onemkphz lnzpn jhkzma}ir on smkankwn/ ~}m jhkz}eú no `ån zia}imkpm z} ligh Lhr}z4 mrn jhkzi`mrn`n vhr mooh smkjm`h% rn `m onz pikimbonz+ N`meîz/ rmiknbn zhbrm mo enr/ zhbrm ohz cr}phz `m on pimrrn y zhbrm ohz e}mrphz+ Rmjibån j}oph eizpérijh/ mz `mjir/ rmzmrsn`h n ohz ~}m lnbånk zi`h nèipi% `hz prnz zma}ir }khz rip}nomz `m ikijinjiúk+

Mo jnrîjpmr rmzmrsn`h rmzmrs n`h `mo j}oph n Iziz jhkìjihkú on nr~}ipmjp}rn `mo pmevoh/ ~}m mzpnbn rh`mn`h rh` mn`h `m }k arnk e}rh vnrn nizonroh `mo m|pmrihr+ Hbzmrsn mk mo ìb}gh ~}m pimkmz n jhkpik}njiúk on rmjhkz% pr}jjiúk nvrh|ien`n `m júeh v}`h zmr z} nzvmjph hriaikno+ Mo pmevoh ibn rh`mn`h vhr }k vnpih vhrpijn`h y prnz éo/ n z} `mrmjln/ zm zip}nbnk onz `mvmk`mkjinz `m ohz znjmr`hpmz y n on iw~}imr`n/ on znon `hk`m zm `mznrrhoonbnk ohz rip}nomz `m ikijinjiúk+ Mk mo vnpih/ nkpm mo pmevoh/ zm ìzvhkån }k nopnr/ }k }k vioúk y }k lhanr `mzpikn`hz n ohz znjricijihz znjrici jihz mk lhkhr `m on ìhzn+ Pnebiék Pnebiék lnbån }k vhwh vnrn `mvhzipnr hcrmk`nz/ no ~}m zm `mzjmk`ån vhr mzjnomrnz+ On v}mrpn `m mkprn`n pmkån phrrmz n z}z on`hz y zm nbrån crmkpm no pmevoh/ `m eh`h ~}m zmrån oh vriemrh mk jhkpmevonrzm j}nk`h zm njjm`ån njjm`ån no ikpmrihr+


2:


Bnmoh Jon}ìn

Prnpn `m i`mkpicijnr ohz momemkphz `mzjriphz mk on vîaikn nkpmrihr mkprm ohz rmzphz ~}m zm jhkzmrsnk `mo pmevoh y vrhohkan on comjln lnzpn mo o}anr ~}m omz jhrrmzvhk`m mk mzpm ìb}gh+ Lnbipnjihkmz `m ohz znjmr`hpmz

»

Znon `m ikijinjiúk

»

Pmevoh `m Iziz

»

Vnpih vhrpijn`h

»

Nopnr

»

Vioúk

»

Lhanr

»

Vhwh

»

Mkprn`n

»

Mzpn vikp}rn zm ohjnoiwú mk on ji}`n` rhenkn `m Vhevmyn+ N prnséz `m moon vh`mehz vh`meh z mshjnr júeh zmrånk onz jmrmehkinz rmnoiwn`nz mk lhkhr `m Iziz+ ]k znjmr`hpm onz vrmzi`m `mz`m mo vhì}e `mo pme% voh/ eimkprnz ~}m mk mo vnpih vhrpijn`h zm `mznrrh% oonk rip}nomz' njhevnþn`hz vhr jîkpijhz mkphkn`hz vhr ar}vhz `m cimomz+ Mk mo ikpmrihr `mo vhwh `mo Pmevoh `m Iziz/ zm ohjnoiwú }kn pnboioon `m brhkjm jhk on zia}imkpm ikzjrivjiúk7 IZIZ ESRHEMK PIBI JHKEMK@H CHRPS ,e) EMS,e) EI CNJ PSPH KSEIKI ENMZ PNPI M\ZMEVONRIN SP PS MSI@M ,z) IEEM@I H ^SI CMJIP NSPSOIP NSP,l)MRMZ HVMRPHRS,e) NOBS,e) KHS,}e) ZPRNASOS,e) KHS,}e) OH@IJMZ @SNZ EM,h) SZH RHAH @HEIKN VMR ENIMZPNPM,e) PSN,e)SP ,l)HJ CSRPS ,e) RMVRIK@NZ

20

N Iziz E}rihkien/ pm jhkcåh mo rhbh `m ~}m zhy såjpien+ Lnw vhr eå njphz mgmevonrmz jhkchremz n p} ìsiki`n` iknpnjnbom y n p} engmzpn`/ `m eh`h ~}m ~}ipmz on si`n/ n on sizpn `m ph`hz/ n ~}imk oh ln lmjlh/ n ~}imk ln ~}ipn`h/ h n z} lmrm`mrh/ }k jhbmrphr bonkjh k}msh/ }kn enkpn k}msn/ `hz jhojlnz vnrn ei vrhvih }zh4 pm r}mah/ hl zhbmrnkn eån/ vhr p} arnk`mwn/ ~}m jnzpia}mz mzpm rhbh+


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


3· V]KPH V]K PH @M HBZMRS HBZMRSNJIÚK+ NJIÚK+ MO PMNPRH PMNPRH Mo pmnprh `m Bnmoh mz mo mìcijih `m enyhrmz ìemkzihkmz mk on ji}`n`/ jnbånk mk éo }khz prmz eio mzvmjpn`hrmz+ Jheh mrn crmj}mkpm mk on évhjn/ zm nvrhsmjlú mo `mzkismo knp}rno `mo pmrrmkh vnrn nvhynr mo arn`mråh+ Hbzmrsn mk mzpm vonkh júeh zm `mkheiknbnk y ~}é }zh pmkånk onz ìcmrmkpmz vnrpmz ~}m oh jhevhkånk 7 Z]EEN JNSMN Mzpnbn `mzpikn`n n onz jonzmz eîz vhv}onrmz+

EM@IN JNSMN Zm zmkpnbnk mk moon onz jonzmz em% ìnz+

ZJNMKN Mzjmknrih+ Mk Bnmoh v}m% `mz hbzmrsnr ohz vionrmz ~}m zhzpmkånk mo z}moh `m en`mrn+ Njp}nbn jheh jngn `m rmzhknkjin+

HRJLMZPRN @mneb}onbnk vhr moon ohz njphrmz `mo jhrh+ IEN JNSMN Mrn vnrn ohz ikìsi`}hz eîz `mzpnjn`hz7 enaizprn`hz/ `mj}rihkmz/ znjmr`hpmz+++ VNRNZJMKIN Smzpåb}ohz onpmrnomz `m on zjnmkn+

Rmjrmnjiúk `mo pmnprh

Onz rmvrmzmkpnjihkmz pmnprnomz/ o}ì zjnmkiji / hrankiwn`nz bngh mo jhkprho `m ohz enaizprn`hz/ ikpmkpnbnk `momipnr no v}mboh/ vhzibomemkpm vnrn jnvpnr z} bmkmshomkjin+ Zm rmnoiwnbnk `}rnkpm ph`h mo `ån mk }k ne% bimkpm cmzpish+ Mk Bnmoh/ nvrhsmjlnk`h on ooman`n `m ohz prnbngn`hrmz `m Îcrijn ~}m smkånk vnrn on cnmkn `m on vmzjn/ zm hrankiwnbnk ohz mzvmjpîj}ohz `rneîpijhz+ Onz rmvrmzmkpnjihkmz eîz jhe}kmz mrnk onz jhemìnz/ yn ~}m onz prnamìnz kh c}mrhk `mo narn`h `mo v÷boijh rhenkh+ Zå/ mk jnebih/ ohz mzvmjpîj}ohz `m eieh/ onz `nkwnz h vm~}mþnz hbrnz júeijnz `m jnrîjpmr emkhr/ emkhr/ npmonknm+


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Bnmoh Jon}ìn


1· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ PMRENZ Onz plmrenm h bnþhz v÷boijhz `m Rhen mrnk o}anrmz `m mzvnrjieimkph y `mzjnkzh ~}m j}e% voånk prmz c}kjihkmz7 liaiékijn/ aiekîzpijn y `m rmonjihkmz zhjinomz+ Zm nohgnbnk mk o}ghzhz mìcijihz `m arnk`mz vrhvhrjihkmz ~}m kh zúoh pmkånk ikzpnonjihkmz vnrn mo bnþh/ zikh pnebiék biboihpmjnz/ znonz `hk`m rm}kirzm y gnrìkmz vnrn vnzmnr+ Onz ji}`n`mz `mo Ievmrih Rhenkh jhvinbnk mo mz~}men `m onz pmrenz `m on jnvipno/ vmrh mk amkmrno/ mrnk eîz zmkjioonz+ Mk Bnmoh jhkhjmehz }knz `m vm~}mþnz vrhvhrjihkmz/ j}yn mzpr}jp}rn khz ny}`n n rmjhkzpr}ir júeh zm bnþnbnk onz vmrzhknz mk évhjn rhenkn+ Mo bnþh zm `mznrrhoonbn mk snrinz cnzmz7 ohz bnþiz% pnz njjm`ånk n }kn znon jhk vizjiknz `m na}n crån4 `mzv}éz vnznbnk n }kn znon pmevon`n/ `hk`m zm crhpnbnk y }kpnbnk jhk njmipm4 vhr ÷opieh/ vnznbnk n hprn znon jhk vizjiknz `m na}n jnoimkpm+ Hbzmrsn on mzpr}jp}rn `m onz pmrenz `m Bnmoh y jhevnrn mo vonkh jhk ohz rmzphz nr~}ipmjpúkijhz nkpm ohz ~}m pm mkj}mkprnz+

> Vrnmc}rki}e/ znon `mo lhrkh/ `hk`m zm jhohjnbn }k arnk rmjivimkpm `m jhbrm vnrn jnomkpnr mo na}n+ @mz`m nooå zm ìzprib}ån mo jnohr vhr mo m o z}bz}moh `m onz znonz n prnséz `m }kn z}jmziúk `m vm~}mþhz nrjhz `m on`rioohz % livhjn}zp}e% mkprm ohz ~}m jirj}onbn mo nirm jnoimkpm+ 2 Jmoon Zhoinriz/ znon `m na}n jnoimkpm/ ~}m enkpmkån z} nopn pmevmrnp}rn mk ph`n on mzpnkjin emìnkpm }kn `hbom vnrm` %e}rh y pnbi~}m ikpmrihr% vhr `hk`m jirj}onbn mo nirm jnoimkpm vrhjm`mkpm `m ohz livhjn}zp}e+ Pno mzvn% jih zm vrhohkanbn ikjo}zh vhr on j}bimrpn nbhsm`n`n `m on lnbipnjiúk/ enkpmkiék`hzm nzå }kn pmevmrnp}rn jhkz% pnkpm+ On znon `m Bnmoh pimkm `hz bnþhz/ }kh zmeijirj}onr no hmzpm y hprh rmjpnka}onr no khrpm+ : Pmvi`nri}e/ znon `m na}n pmevon`n/ n on ~}m pnebiék oomanbn mo jnohr/ n}k~}m eîz pmevon`h/ n prnséz `mo livhjn}zp}e+

>

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0 @mzprijpnri}e%}kjphri}e/ znon ia}noemkpm pmevon`n/ mk on ~}m zm }kpnbn n ohz bnþizpnz jhk njmipm nkpmz `mo bnþh+ = Criai`nri}e/ znon `m na}n crån4 mk Bnmoh pimkm `hz viz% jiknz/ }kn rmjpnka}onr no hmzpm y hprn zmeijirj}onr/ no mzpm+ Zmþnon jhk }kn oåkmn jhkpik}n jhkp ik}n zhbrm mo vonkh mo rmjhrri`h ~}m lnrån mo bnþizpn+ ¸Vhr ~}é vimkznz ~}m onz v}mrpnz `m onz ìzpikpnz znonz kh mzpîk zip}n`nz }kn crmkpm n hprn8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++ 23


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


<· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ V]MRPN HJJI@MKPNO/ OONEN@N LHY @M AN@MZ Znoiehz `mo rmjikph ne}rnoon`h `m on ji}`n` vnrn hbzmrsnr `mz`m mo m|pmrihr on v}mrpn `m An`mz/ ~}m zm mkj}mkprn mk mo on`h hv}mzph no o}anr `hk`m mevmwnehz k}mzprn sizipn/ mz `mjir/ on v}mrpn `m Jnrpmin+ Nebnz zm omsnkpnk mk ohz m|prmehz `mo `mj}enk}z en|ie}z/ prneh }rbnkh `m on sån ~}m }kån An`mz jhk Jnrpmin y zhk e}y zieionrmz/ vhr~}m onz `hz mzpîk vrhpmai`nz vhr phrrmhkmz `m vonkpn rmjpnka}onr mk j}yh ikpmrihr lny lnbipn% jihkmz vnrn nohgnr mo j}mrvh `m a}nrìn+ Mo jnrîjpmr `mcmkzish `m onz e}rnoonz e}rnoonz hboian n ~}m z} jhkzpr}jjiúk zmn zúoi`n y rmzizpmkpm+ rmzizpmkpm+ Mk Bnmoh zm ln }pioiwn`h on vim`rn/ ìzv}mzpn zma÷k ìzpikpnz péjkijnz+ Enrjn mo rmj}n`rh `m n~}moonz ~}m i`mkpici~}mz7

JIJOÚVMN 7 Arnk`mz boh~}mz irrma}onrmz `m vim`rn+

ZIOONRMGH7 Vm~}mþhz zioonrmz noah irrma}onrmz+

IZÚ@HEN7 Zioonrmz rma}onrmz m

ENEVHZPMRÅN7 Vim`rnz irrma}%

ia}nomz jhohjn`hz `m chren hr`mkn% `n y zieéprijn+

onrmz `m ìcmrmkpm pnenþh jhohjn`nz zik hr`mk+

NOEHLN@IOON@H7 Zioonrmz jhk

ZHAN Y PIWÚK 7 zioonrmz jhohjn%

ohz bhr`mz bimk onbrn`hz y mo jmkprh irrma}onr jhk enz rmoimsm+

`hz nopmrknpisnemkpm mk ìrmjjiúk jhkprnrin+

Mkprnehz vhr on v}mrpn `m An`mz vnrn jneiknr vhr }kn `m onz jnoomz vrikjivnomz `m on ji}`n`/ mo `mj}enk}z en|ie}z/ ~}m mzpnbn rh`mn`n `m mìcijihz vhrpijn`hz+ Z} nzvmjph hriaikno zmrån zieionr no rmvrmzmkpn`h mk mo ìb}gh ~}m pimkmz n jhkpik}njiúk7 Mo vnsiemkph/ jhev}mzph `m ohznz irrma}onrmz vmr% cmjpnemkpm mkjngn`nz }knz jhk hprnz/ zm jhkzmrsn mk b}mk mzpn`h/ n}k~}m noa}knz whknz pimkmk `mzkismomz jn}zn`hz vhr ohz pmrrmehphz ~}m vn`mjiú Bnmoh+ N ohz vúrpijhz zm nbrånk vm~}mþnz pimk`nz j}n% `rnka}onrmz/ bimk jhkzmrsn`nz mk on njmrn ~}m ~}m`n n p} iw~}imr`n+ Mkprm moonz lny }knz mzjnomrnz mzjnomr nz ~}m jhk% `}jånk n onz pmrenz+ Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

21

Bnmoh Jon}ìn


9· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ CÎBRIJNZ @M ZNONWÚK Ohz vmjmz ~}m nprnsmznbnk jn`n nþh mo Mzprmjlh/ mzvmjinoemkpm np}kmz y bhkiphz/ mrnk jnvp}% rn`hz mk on jhzpn `m Bnmoh zia}imk`h }k zizpmen ~}m ln vmrsisi`h lnzpn k}mzprhz `ånz y ~}m zm ln `mkheikn`h `mz`m évhjn izoîeijn noen`rnbn/ j}yh ziakicijn`h mz ‟o}anr `hk`m zm ahovmn―+ Onz noen`rnbnz zhk prnevnz jhkzpr}i`nz jhk rm`mz z}emrai`nz mk mo enr/ mk onz ~}m zm ikprh% `}jmk ohz vmjmz y kh v}m`mk znoir+ ]kn smw ~}m lnk ~}m`n`h vrmzhz mk moonz/ ohz vmzjn`hrmz nrrnz% prnk onz rm`mz lnzpn on z}vmrcijim vnrn jnvp}rnrohz+ Mk e}jlnz hjnzihkmz/ jheh zhk `m arnk pnenþh/ zm omz `heikn n bnzm `m ahovmz/ `m nlå z} khebrm+ Hbzmrsn mk mzpm ìb}gh mo vrhjmzh `m on vmzjn+

@mzv}éz `m jnvp}rnrohz/ ohz vmzjn`hz zm prnzon`nbnk n cîbrijnz jheh ézpn nkpm on ~}m khz mkjhkprnehz/ vnrn ikijinr on vrmvnrnjiúk `m onz znonwhkmz+ Onz pnrmnz pmkånk o}anr mk `hz îebiphz c}k`nemkpnomz7

ZNON @M ZNONWÚK Mz `hk`m zm ìzvhkånk onz viompnz vnrn `mvhzi% pnr mo vmzjn`h jhk on zno+ Onz enyhrmz enyhrmz zmrsånk vnrn on znonwúk `m vmzjn`h y onz vm~}mþnz vnrn mo anr}e+

VNPIH Mk éo onsnbnk/ `mzj}nrpiwnbnk y vrmvnrnbnk onz vimwnz+ Vnrn rmnoiwnr mzpnz pnrmnz kmjmzipnbnk ìz% vhkmr `m e}jln na}n+

¸Mz }kn jnz}noi`n` ~}m onz cîbrijnz `m znon whkmz `m Bnmoh zmnk ohz mìcijihz eîz jmrjnkhz no enr8 ¸Vhr ~}é8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Onz znonwhkmz `m vmzjn`h `m on jhzpn anìpnkn p}simrhk e}jln cnen mk on Nkpiaÿm`n`+ Mzvmjinoemkpm nvrmjin`n mrn on znozn `mkheikn`n anr}e/ ~}m zm hbpmkån emìnkpm on `mzjhevhzijiúk phpno `m prhwhz `m vmzjn`h mk }kn znoe}mrn+ Z} jnoi`n` `mvmk`ån `m onz mzvmjimz }pioiwn`nz y `m ohz ikarmìmkpmz ~}m zm nþn% `ånk7 limrbnz nrheîpijnz/ eho}zjhz h anebnz+ Pnebiék zm }pioiwnbnk ohz `mzvmrìjihz `m ohz vmzjn`hz vrm% vnrn`hz vnrn on znonwúk/ mz `mjir privnz/ znkarm/ mpj+

2<


Bnmoh Jon}ìn


>6· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ ONZ JNZNZ @}rnkpm k}mzprn sizipn n Bnmoh lmehz sizph mìcijihz jhk c}kjihkmz e}y ìsmrznz/ e}rnoonz/ pmevohz/ zm`mz `m on nèikizprnjiúk ohjno/ pmrenz/ pmnprh+++ vmrh lnzpn nlhrn kh jhkhjmehz `úk`m sisånk ohz lnbipnkpmz `m on ji}`n`+ Mk on eizen enkwnkn' `m on cîbrijn `m znonwhkmz ~}m njnbnehz `m jhkpmevonr lny }kn jnzn/ vmrh khz snehz n zip}nr eîz n`monkpm/ mk mo o}anr ikìjn`h mk mzpm vonkh vnrn hbzmrsnr hprn jnzn/ `mkheikn`n `mo Rmohg ,>)+ Nkpmz `m oomanr n moon vnznehz vhr }kn jnoom / ~}m `mzjimk`m lnjin on vonyn+ Mzpnbn vhrpijn`n/ vh rpijn`n/ ia}no ~}m mo `mj}enk}z en|ie}z/ vmrh mz vmrvmkìj}onr n mzpn/ vhr pnkph pnkp h zm `mkheikn jnr`h+ Vrhohkan on comjln ~}m lny bngh on vnonbrn lnzpn mo o}anr ~}m om jhrrmzvhk`m mk mo vonkh+

>

Onz lnbipnjihkmz `m on jnzn mzpnbnk hrankiwn`nz mk phrkh n }k vnpih y `mz`m on jnoom zm njjm`ån vhr }k smzpåb}oh+ Mzjribm mo khebrm `m jn`n o}anr mk mo rmj}n`rh `mo vonkh ~}m om jhrrmzvhk`m+ ¸J}nkpnz jho}eknz pmkån mo vnpih8+++++++++++++++++

Rmjrmnjiúk `m on Jnzn `mo Rmohg Anbikmpm Vm`naaijh `m Bmoonz Nrpmz+ Jìw

29

Bnmoh Jon}ìn


>>· V]KPH @M HBZMRSNJIÚK+ MO ENJMOO]E jhemzpibomz/ z/ Enjmoo}e mz }kn vnonbrn phen`n `mo arimah ~}m ziakicijn o}anr vnrn on smkpn `m jhemzpibom vmzjn`hz y jnrkmz/ mz `mjir/ oh ~}m khzhprhz oonenehz emrjn`h+ Mo enjmoo}e `m Bnmoh mz }k mìci% jih rmjpnka}onr ~}m zm jhkzpr}yú vnrn nar}vnr onz pimk`nz y jhemrjihz ~}m hj}vnbnk onz pnbmrknm `mo chrh+ Hbzmrsn mk on rmjhkzpr}jjiúk rmnoiwn`n mk mzpm ìb}gh z}z vrikjivnomz momemkphz+ Vnprih jmkprno

Pimk`nz

Vúrpijh m|pmrihr

Mkprn`n ¸Jhkhjmz noa÷k emrjn`h mk p} ji}`n`8 +++++++++ ¸Pmm vnrmjm zieionr no `m Bnmoh 8 ++++++++++++++++++++ ¸P Ikìjn prmz momemkphz ~}m jhikji`nk jhk ohz emrjn`hz ~}m jhkhjmz jhk hjmz ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++ Ikìjn hprhz ~}m oh ìcmrmkjimk ++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++

Vonkh `mo enjmoo}e+

Mo emrjn`h `m Bnmoh nvmknz mzp}sh mk }zh }k ziaoh+ Vriemrh c}mrhk nbnk`hkn`nz onz pimk`nz ikpmrihrmz/ o}mah mo vnpih y/ vhr ÷opieh/ onz pimk`nz `m on cnjln`n+

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Bnmoh Jon}ìn


VONWN G]KPH N ON BNZÅOIJN

Ciknoiwnehz k}mzprn sizipn n Bnmoh mk mzpn vm~}mþn vonwn ~}m zm nbrm mkprm on bnzåoijn y mo `mj}enk}z eî|ie}z+ Mz vhzibom ~}m mk moon zm ikzpnonrn noa÷k emrjnìooh jhk pmk`mrmpmz `mzehk% pnbomz+ Mo vm~}mþh mìcijih n`hzn`h n on bnzåoijn mz ikpmrvrmpn`h ikpmr vrmpn`h vhr noa}khz jheh jhe h on j}rin/ mz `mjir mo o}anr `hk`m zm rm}kån mo zmkn`h ohjno/ ~}m zma÷k moohz mzpnrån zip}n`h n~}å mk smw `m mk mo mìcijih ~}m siehz mk mo onpmrno `mo chrh+ Nkpmz `m nbnk`hknr mo ynjieimkph nvrhsmjln vnrn jhkpmevonr mo jhkg}kph `m onz r}iknz y z} enakåcijh mkphrkh knp}rno+


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Bnmoh Jon}ìn

KHPNZ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :2


NJPISI@N@MZ VHZPMRIHRMZ N ON SIZIPN

VNPRIEHKIH LIZPÚRIJH On ji}`n` rhenkn `m Bnmoh Jon}ìn jhkzpip}ym }k momemkph ie% vhrpnkpm `mo Vnpriehkih Lizpúrijh nk`no}w+

¸Znbmz mk ~}é jhkzizpm mo Vnpriehkih Lizpúrijh8 Mz on lmrmkjin j}op}rno nj}e}% on`n vhr k}mzprhz nkpmvnzn`hz+ Nk`n% o}jån j}mkpn jhk }k rijh Vnpriehkih ikpmarn`h vhr ph`hz ohz bimkmz `m on j}op}rn mk j}no~}imrn `m z}z enkicmz% pnjihkmz7 iaomzinz/ jnzpioohz/ vnonjihz/ vikp}rnz/ mzj}op}rnz/ ynjieimkphz nr% Chpharncån nérmn `m Bnmoh Jon}ìn+ ~}mhoúaijhz/ prnìjihkmz vhv}onrmz/ `hj}emkphz nkpia}hz+++ ¸^}iék zm hj}vn `m smonr vhr on jhkzmrsnjiúk `mo Vnpriehkih8 Ohz hrankizehz v÷boijhz `m on Jhe}ki`n` Jhe}ki`n ` N}púkhen Nk`no}wn zm hj}vnk `m `mcmk`mroh jhon% bhrnk`h vnrn lnjmr j}evoir on Omy `m Vnpriehkih Lizpúrijh Nk`no}w/ `m on ~}m ph`hz `mbmehz zmr pnebiék jmohzhz vrhpmjphrmz+ M|izpm }k Jnpîohah Amkmrno `mo Vnpriehkih Lizpúrijh Nk`no}w mk mo ~}m zm ikjo}ymk jheh Bimkmz `m Ikpmréz J}op}rno mìcijihz/ mzj}op}rnz/ vikp}rnz mpj+/ mzvmjinoemkpm ievhrpnkpmz+ Kh zúoh mz ikijinpisn `m on Jhe}ki`n` N}púkhen nk`no}wn ikjo}ir k}mshz momemkphz mk mzpm jnpîohah/ zikh ~}m j}no~}imr jhomjpish h ji}`n`nkh v}m`m rmnoiwnr }kn vmpijiúk no rmzvmjph+

¸M|izpmk ìzpikphz pivhz `m Vnpriehkih8 Zma÷k z}z jnrnjpmråzpijnz lny ìzpikphz pivhz `m Vnpriehkih7 Ike}mbom/ j}nk`h zm prnpn `m mìcijihz+ E}mbom/ j}nk`h zhk j}n`rhz/ mzj}op}rnz } hprhz hbgmphz+ @hj}emkpno y Biboiharîcijh/ ohz oibrhz y `hj}emkphz nkpia}hz jhkzmrsn`hz mk biboihpm% jnz y nrjlishz+ Mpkharîcijh/ rmcmri`h n onz njpisi`n`mz/ bimkmz h zipihz rmonjihkn`hz jhk k}mzprnz prnìjih% kmz vhv}onrmz+ +++y/ ciknoemkpm/ Nr~}mhoúaijh+

Vnpriehkih Nr~}mhoúaijh Mzpî jhkzpip}i`h vhr vimwnz/ jhkzpr}jjihkmz y o}anrmz jhk rmzphz nkpia}hz+ Ohz o}anrmz ~}m pimkmk ikpmréz nr~}mhoúaijh zm v}m`mk ikzjribir mk mo Jnpîohah Amkmrno `mo Vnpriehkih Lizpúrijh Nk`no}w jheh Whknz Nr~}mhoúaijnz/ mz `mjir/ ia}no ~}m zm jhkzi`mrnk mk mo Vnpriehkih Ike}mbom/ h jheh Whknz `m Zmrsi`}ebrm Nr~}mhoúaijn+ Mzpnz ÷opienz zm rmcimrmk n n~}moohz o}anrmz `hk`m lny ikìjihz `m on m|izpmkjin `m rmzphz nr~}mhoúaijhz `m ikpmréz/ n}k~}m kh mzpék n on sizpn+

¸^}é z}jm`m j}nk`h zm pimkmk ~}m rmnoiwnr hbrnz mk }kn Whkn `m Zmrsi`}ebrm Nr~}mh% oúaijn8 V}mz ~}m mz hboianphrih jhe}kijnroh jhk nkpmrihri`n` n on Jhkzmgmrån `m J}op}rn/ vnrn ~}m zi/ oh mzpien hvhrp}kh/ zm rmnoijm }kn m|jnsnjiúk nr~}mhoúaijn vrmsin+ ¸Y zi khz mkjhkprnehz vhr jnz}noi`n` eimkprnz vnzmnehz vhr mo jnevh h j}nk`h rmnoi% wnehz }kn hbrn jhk noa÷k rmzph nr~}mhoúaijh8 Mkphkjmz pmkmehz hboianjiúk `m jhe}kijnr mo lnoonwah n on Jhkzmgmrån `m J}op}rn h no Ny}k% pneimkph jhrrmzvhkìmkpm vnrn ~}m zm lnan jnrah `m moohz+ ¸Vh`mehz ph`hz rmnoiwnr m|jnsnjihkmz nr~}mhoúaijnz8 Kh+ Mz kmjmznrin on n}phriwnjiúk vrmsin `m on Jhkzmgmrån `m J}op}rn+ N`meîz zúoh zmrîk n}ph% riwn`nz vmrzhknz h m~}ivhz ~}m j}mkpmk jhk on n`mj}n`n pip}onjiúk h njrmìpnjiúk vrhcmzihkno+

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BNMOH/ PMRENZ/ PMEVOHZ/ ANR]E/ CHRH/ PMNPRH/ PMNPRH/ @MJ]ENK]Z

AOHZNRIH Nj}m`}jph7 @mo onpåk n~}nm`}jp}z/ ~}m ziakicijn ‟jhk`}jjiúk `m na}n―+ Mz }kn jhkzpr}jjiúk vnrn jhk`}jir mo na}n+ Mk hjnzihkmz v}m`m pmkmr chren `m v}mkpm jhk snrihz vizhz `m nrjhz vnrn znosnr ohz `mzkismomz `mo pmrrmkh+ Noen`rnbn7 Jmrjh `m rm`mz vnrn vmzjnr np}kmz+ Nkcipmnprh7 Jhkzpr}jjiúk jirj}onr h moåvpijn jhk arn`mråh/ `hk`m zm jmombrnbnk mzvmjpîj}ohz v÷boi% jhz/ jheh o}jlnz `m aonìn`hrmz h `m cimrnz+ Nrmkan7 @izj}rzh `mzpikn`h n mknr`mjmr ohz îkiehz `m ohz hymkpmz+ Jirjh7 Jhkzpr}jjiúk `m vonkpn nonran`n jhk arn`mråh/ `mzpikn`n n onz jhevmpijihkmz låvijnz+ Jhksmkphz g}råìjhz7 @menrjnjihkmz mk onz ~}m zm ìsi`ån jn`n vrhsikjin jhk jnrîjpmr g}rizìjjihkno+ @iknzpån G}oih Jon}ìn7 Mevmrn`hrmz `m on cneioin `m N}a}zph ,Pibmrih/ Jnoåa}on/ Jon}ìh y Kmrúk) ~}m rmiknrhk mkprm mo >0 y mo 3< `+J+ Mzp}jh7 Enzn `m ymzh/ jno y na}n }pioiwn`n vnrn mko}jir vnrm`mz y hprhz momemkphz nr~}ipmjpúkijhz+ Anr}e7 Znozn e}y nvrmjin`n mk on nkpiaÿm`n` joîzijn monbhrn`n jhk `mzvhghz `m vmzjn`hz ,ikpmzpi% khz/ znkarm‣) y vm~}mþhz vmjmz+ Enkwnkn7 Jhkg}kph `m mìcijihz h jhkzpr}jjihkmz jhkpia}hz/ `moieipn`hz vhr jnoomz/ gnrìkmz } hprhz mzvnjihz kh mìcijn`hz+ Enrpm7 @ihz rhenkh `m on a}mrrn+ Ehrpmrh7 Emwjon }pioiwn`n mk nobnþiområn jhkzpip}i`n vhr nrmkn/ jno y na}n+ Kmjrúvhoiz7 Péreikh `m hriamk arimah ~}m ziakicijn ji}`n` `m ohz e}mrphz+ Jmemkpmrih+ Hrphahkno7 Mk }rbnkizeh/ prnwn`h `m jnoomz rmjpnz y vmrvmkìj}onrmz+ Vnkpmúk7 Jhkg}kph `m ìsiki`n`mz `m on rmoiaiúk rhenkn h `m j}no~}imr hprn rmoiaiúk+ Vnsiemkph7 @mo onpåk vnsiemkp}e/ ~}m ziakicijn vizh h z}moh+ Vn| N}a}zpn7 Vmråh`h `m vnw ~}m zm sisiú mk évhjn `m N}a}zph prnz on vnjicijnjiúk `m Lizvnkin y on Anoin+ Vionzprn7 Momemkph nr~}ipmjpúkijh `m zhvhrpm smrpijno jhk zmjjiúk j}n`rn`n h vhoiahkno/ ~}m sn n`hzn`h n on vnrm`+ Z}mom pmkmr bnzn y jnvipmo jheh onz jho}eknz+ Rip}no7 Jmrmehkin rmoiaihzn ~}m zia}m }knz khrenz prnìjihknomz mzpnbomji`nz+ Pnebhr7 Jn`n }kn `m onz vimwnz ~}m jhevhkmk mo c}zpm `m }kn jho}ekn+ Pmgn`h n `hz na}nz7 J}bimrpn m|pmrihr `m }k mìcijih jhk `hz smrpimkpmz mk chren nka}onr+ Sin7 Jneikh/ jnrrmpmrn+

Baelo Claudia (Bolonia, Tarifa, Cádiz) Cuaderno del alumno

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