DEVELOPMENT PLAN
For SEETHAWAKAPURA (AVISSAWELLA) URBAN COUNCIL AREA
I Amara Indika Rupasinghe Gunawardena, Minister of Housing & Urban Development under the powers vested upon me under the provision of Section 8 F of Urban Development Authority Act No. 4 of 1982 (Amended) do hereby approve the Development Development Plan prepared for Seethawakapura (Avissawella) (Avissawella) Urban Council Area
I Amara Indika Rupasinghe Gunawardena, Minister of Housing & Urban Development under the powers vested upon me under the provision of Section 8 F of Urban Development Authority Act No. 4 of 1982 (Amended) do hereby approve the Development Development Plan prepared for Seethawakapura (Avissawella) (Avissawella) Urban Council Area
FORWARD
The Urban Development Authority was established in 1978 with the objective of an Integrated Urban Development Development in the areas declared by the Government Gazette as urban areas under the Urban Development Authority Law No. 41 of 1978. As its fundamental task, the Authority is in the process of preparing plans for an economic, social and environmentally integrated urban development within any physical area boundary declared under UDA UDA Law. Seethawaka Industrial Town established within the Urban Council Area of Avissawella could be considered as a results of present industrial policy of the government of shifting industries from the capital capital city. As the demand that that could be created created as a consequence of the economic and services services sector with the the anticipated development envisage after the establishment of Industrial Estate and commencement of its activities
Acknowledgement
The “Avissawella Town Development Project” was formulated by Mr. H.A.Dayananda, Planning Officer on the request of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development under the supervision of Mr. Prasanna Silva , Director (Western Province Development Division) of the Urban Development Authority. While Planning Assistants Messer’s H.M.S.Premasiri, R.M.J.B.Ratnayaka, L.J.Liyanage and M.V.C.K.Wijenayaka were assisting in the field surveys, collecting data, preparing maps and summarizing relevant data for preparing project reports, Architects Ms.W.W.P.Madhuri, Dushyanthi Bogahawatta and Thanuja were assisting in designing landscape plans. All of them were assisted by Draftspersons Messer’s N.K.Weerasinghe, R.D.N.Radalla and A.Rangoda . The Zoning Regulations and other regulations were prepared by Ms. Chittra Dorakumbura, Town Planner and supervised by Ms. Preethi Fernando, Senior Deputy Director.
CONTENT 01
02
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.1
Historical Background
1.2
Seethawaka Urban Council Area
1.3
Zonal Setting
1.4
Divisional Setting
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 2.1
Existing Population
2.2
Population Forecast
2.3
Nature of population distribution within the Avissawella Urban Council Area Population between 1991 – 2010 in the feeding area of Avissawella Urban Council Area Employment Structure
2.4 2.5
03
LAND USE 3.1
Existing Land Use Pattern
3.2
Basis for Existing Land Use
1–5
6 – 10
11 – 17
5.1.2
5.1.2.1
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.2
Proposals
TELECOMMUNICATION 5.1.3.1
Projects in operation
5.1.3.2
Development Proposals
TRANSPORT NETWORK 5.1.4.1
5.1.5
25 – 36
ELECTRICITY
Major Problems Identified
ROAD NETWORK 5.1.5.1
Identified Problems
5.1.5.2
Development Problems
Proposals
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTIRE
for
Identified
37 - 42
5.3
5.3.1
Solid Waste Management
5.3..1.1
Collection and Disposal of Solid Wastes Composition of Solid Waste Collection Identification of Problems
5.3.1.2 5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4.
5.3.2
5.5.3.
43 – 45
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Development Proposals Identified Problems
STORM WATER NETWORK
AND
DRAINAGE
5.3.2.1
Identified of Problems
5.3.2.2
Development Proposals Identified Problems
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
for
for
LIST OF MAPS
Map No. 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Subject
Page No.
Zoning – Avissawella Classification of Towns (by functions) Categorization of Towns (by services) Density of Population - 1998 Feeding Area of – Avissawella (migration for employment) Flood Prone Area Existing Land Use Pattern - 1997 Gradient Analysis Proposed Conservation Zones Proposed Land Use Proposed Commercial Zones Service Linkages Land Values
3 4 5 8 10 12 13 14 16 17 21 23
LIST OF TAB LES Table No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Subject Distribution of Population – Avissawella Urban Area Population Projection – Avissawella Urban Council Area Population Density Seethawaka Urban Council Area - 1998 Population of Catchments Area of Avissawella Urban Council 1991 – 2021 Employment Opportunities emanating through the Proposed Industrial Town Existing Land Use Pattern - Seethawaka Urban Council Area – 1997 Proposed Land Use Pattern – Avissawella Urban Council Area – 1998 Existing Land Use of the Catchments Area of Avissawella Urban Council Area Existing Commercial usages of Avissawella Urban Council Area Water Service connections - 1997 Identified Requirement of Electricity
Page No. 6 6 7 7
9 11 15 18 19-20 25 27
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Historical Background
By the time of 1505 A.D. capital of Sri Lanka was Sri Jayawardenapura and the Ruler th was King Weeraparakkramabahu the 8 . After him King Dharmaparakkramabahu became the ruler and his brother Wijayabahu reigned after him. After untimely demise of Wijayabahu his sons Buwanekabahu, Raigam Bandara and Mayadunne divided the kingdom of Kotte into three portions and reigned. Prince Mayadunne became the ruler of Sathara Korale and Denawaka in the kingdom of Kotte and built up the Kingdom of Seethawaka in 1521 A.D. Mayadunne defeated by king of Kotte in 1554, left Seethawaka and fled away and his son King Rajasinghe established his power in the Kingdom of Seethawaka. King Rajasinghe a warrior built up a very strong kingdom in Seethawaka while fighting with the Portuguese during the period from 1554 to 1593 which was the golder era to Seethawaka Kingdom. He made the best use of Tunnel Road built during the reign of King Mayadunne and its ruins are visible even today. There had been a underground sub way (tunnel way) from Seethawaka Kingdom to Kotte Kingdom and the tunnel entrance which could be considered as its entrance gate is found among the ruins of the kingdom. Places Connected to Seethawaka Kingdom
Origin, expansion & development and fall of the Kingdom of Seethawaka took place
king to safeguard his reign continuously from enemies is seen to the south of the village Ihala Thalduwa when passing the Avissawella – Kegalle highway. Bainedi or Barandi Kovil
King Rajasinghe after his conversion to Hindu faith was very much keen in performing Hindu rituals connected with Hindu culture for the purpose of securing himself from enemies. A huge Kovil was erected by him at a place where the river Seethawaka was redirected by changing the way of the river at the village called Talduwa . The Kovil so erected is known as Barandi Kovil. There were four entrances to it but only the entrance towards the river is visible today. Seethawaka Palace and the Fortress
Ruins of the palace and the fortress from which the kingdom of Seethawaka was administered are visible in a one kilometer away from Seethawaka Junction along Maniyangama Road towards south of a highland. The palace covered an extensive land area, dilapidated walls and signs of four gates are visible. Four heaps of earth are seen on four gates of an entrance and also signs of an entrance of a tunnel way are visible in the ground floor. Tomb of King Rajasinghe
King Rajasinghe who was very powerful fell seriously ill after a bamboo thorn pricked in trhe sole of his feet at Pethangoda Garden and passed away. It is said that his body
Considering the physical surrounding, the center of the town seems to be encircled by mountain ridges, paddy fields and agriculture lands . In analyzing the economic activities of the Avisaawella town it indicates that it is still based on agriculture. Although the Western Province comes under the administrative zone of Colombo, the urban zone of Avissawella can be called as a center which promotes agriculture. For an example, it has an access to Sabaragamuwa and Southern provinces. Ratnapura, Kegalle and Kalutara districts are the main districts which grow rubber centering Avissawella town. Another very important physical factor is that its location in close proximity to Ratnapura town, which is rich with valuable natural resources of Gem, pits. Avisawella can be cited as a Grade III town situated in the sub zone belonging to the capital zone of Colombo. 1.3
Regional Setting
Avissaweella town is situated 57 kilometer away from Colombo along the A 4 Highway of Colombo – Ratnapura. When reviewing the set-up of Avissawella urban area with regional setting it bears an extraordinary position. Access to up country, southern Colombo Capital region and Negombo area has been extended centering this urban center. The roads network shows very high importance because roads have been extended to all directions without being limited one area or a direction. (See Map No. 1) In addition, the extension of Colombo –Avissawella Railway line up to Avissawella gives a higher importance to area. It is also possible to connect linkages to Bandaranaike International Airport which is situated 65 kilometers away from Avissawella along the highway to be built through Amitirigala. Thus it is apparent through the importance given to the region through the network of transport. The regional set up could maintain
With the increase of population after receiving the Independence to Sri Lanka and disintegration of large estates which were vast areas for residential use and other services, Avissawella gradually became a small town let. But still the major component of the economy in the is agricultural activities. The contribution made by the plantation sector is also important. There exist minor export crops also. Although Ratnapura acclaims locally and internationally for gem related industries. Still this area has no tendency towards same. Fifteen per cent (15%) of the labor force is unemployed, in this area which is an under developed area and much attention has to be paved for increasing employment opportunities.
2.0. POPUALATION DISTRIBUTION
2.0
Distribution of Population
2.1
Existing Population
According to the Census 1981 the population of Avissawella town area was 14,147 and the Urban Development Authority forecasted is to be 19,752 in 1990. The population of Hanwella Secretariat Division was 130,000 in 1994 and out of this 18 % was settled in Avissawella Urban Council limits. It has been forecasted that the urban population would be 38,318 in 2010 on the basis of current tendencies. Density of population in the urban area is approximately 11 persons per hectare . This can be considered as a high number of persons living in a hectare. The main reason for this is that a higher percentage of the land in the area has been utilized for plantation industry and thereby the area made available for residential purposes is about 20 % of the total land area. When the land use of a hectare in the residential areas is analyzed, it is only a 65% of the land is appropriated for residential purposes. The balance 35% has been utilized for home gardening. Ward-wise distribution of population of the area is depicted in Table No. 01 Table No. 1 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN AVISSAWELLA TOWN Ward No.
Name Ward
of
the Land Extent (hectares)
Population 1981
Population 1990
expected that 10,000 (15%) would join urban population. Accordingly the forecasted population by 2010 is shown in the Table No. 2. which is based on the Census & Statistics in the Year 1981 & 1990. Table No. 2 POPULATION FORECAST – AVISSAWELLA URBAN COUNCIL AREA
Existing Population 1981 14,147
1990 19,752
Growth Rate
Forecast 1998 22,588
2005 25,470
Population Growth Rate 1.67 Additions 5,000 Total Population 30,470 Source: Forecasted on data on population in 1990, UDA
2010 33,318 5,000 38,318
According to above Table, it is expected that migratory population would be 5000 during the period from 1982 – 2005. Same number would also be added during the period from 2005 – 2010. Same number would also be added during the period from 2005 – 2010. 2.3
Distribution of Population in Avissawella Urban Area
Avissaawella town can be called as a service town developed on major agricultural plantation of tea and rubber. The highest contribution to the economy of this area has
Table No. 3 WARDWISE DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SEETHAWAKA URBAN COUNCIL AREA IN 1998
Urban Wards
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Population
Kudagama 3585 Manikkawatta 757 Bazaar 3252 Weralupitiya 1536 Seethawaka 1285 Galapitamada 1385 Nagaslanda 2003 Ukwatta 2260 Kiriwandala 455 Meepilawa 1716 Puwakpitiya 1844 Egodagama 1507 Total 22588 Source: Based on Population data of 1998
Extent Hectare
232 175 83 135 35 103 101 106 728 52 95 95 1940
Density Of Population Person Per Hectare 15.5 4.3 39.2 11.4 36.7 13.4 19.8 21.3 0.63 33.0 19.4 15.8
Table No. 4 POPULATION OF FEEDING AREAS OF AVISSAWELLA TOWN 1991 – 2010 (EXISTING & EXPECTED) Pradeshiya Area
Year
Sabha
Population
1981
1994
106400
132241
98575 105781
51740 86839 65635 38370
Average annual growth rate
Expected Population
1997
2000
2005
2010
1.67
139000
146180
158900
172750
113329 128571
1.07 1.50
117000 134490
120840 140680
127480 151630
134490 163450
54337 87905 73321 40496
0.38 0.09 0.85 0.41
54960 88140 75210 41000
55590 83380 77150 41500
56660 88780 80500 42360
57740 89180 84000 43240
Colombo District -Hanwella Gampaha District
-Wake -Attanagalla Kegalle District
-Ruwanwella -Yatiyantota -Dehiowita -Deraniyagala Ratnaputa District
Table No. 5 EMPOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES GENERATING TRHOUGH PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL ESTATE Nature of Employment
Number of opportunities
Direct Employment Opportunities
20,000
* Within the Urban Council Area * Within the feeding Area * Out station Indirect Employment Opportunities * Within the Urban Council Area * Within the feeding Area * Out station Total Source: UDA
Employment
3,000 15,000 2,000 40,000
10,000 25,000 5,000 60,000
Emigration on direct employment opportunities generated through Seethawaka Industrial Estate is estimated in the following manner as shown in Map No, 5.
3.0
Land Use
Avissawella urban area is 19.4 sq. k.m. in extent and bounded by River Kelani on the north and east, Ehaliyagoda Secretariat Division on the south and Seethawaka Pradeshiya Sabha on the west. Avissawella area which is consisted of twelve administrative divisions, can be introduced as the best agricultural zone in the Western Province. Residential needs of the people living in the area are fulfilled as a secluded urban area surrounded by seven districts coming under three provincial councils. This urban area could be utilized to serve not only for the people of Avissawella but also for the people of seven million living around seven districts around the town. That is the special feature. 3.1
Existing Land Use Pattern
Existing land use of the land extent of 1940 hectares can be described in the following manner: The land devoted for rubber plantation is 1200 hectares and for residential use is 374 hectares and for all other uses is 370 hectares. In considering percentage of each use of above it is 62%, 20% and 10 % respectively.The main reason for utilizing more lands for agriculture is that the area is often subject to floods of two rivers of Kelani and Seethawaka. Hills and slopes are covering in most of the area. Private sector companies own most of lands.
Due to the physical constraints such as hills, slopes in the Avissawella urban area, the extent of land that could be developed has become limited. Lands , which are capable of development, had to be selected by excluding the areas coming under flood and land with deep slopes. Map No. 8 gives the analysis of slopes in the Avissawella urban area. 3.2
Deciding Factors of Existing Land Use
Often flooding northern and eastern areas of Avissawella town which is situated in close proximity to Kelani River and Seethawaka River. Limitation of expansion of urban center due to non-availability of lands. Percentage of land utilization for agriculture use is 60 %. Due to nature of hills & terrain, town center xpansion has become limited. Utilization of more lands for plantation industry in order to get maximum productivity. Attraction towards hill areas due to occurrence of floods in low land area 3.3Common Problems faced by the People of the Area Due to existing land Use
Some common problems faced by the people of Avissawella by reason of current land use can be enumerated as follows: Non availability of sole proprietorship for lands required for agricultural activities or housing purposes. Inadequacy of land for residential use
It has been proposed not to utilize high lands over 50 meters above sea level for development activities and to protect them as conservation zones in order to maintain Avissawella Avissawella town as a green city. city. (Map No. 9) Taking action to remove people from Kotahara Kanda that is subject to landslide Taking action to conserve con serve and improve Wawe Kelle area which is of historical and environmental importance 3.5
Proposed Land Use
In order to minimize above problems and to satisfy public needs that would be created through the growth of population under the proposed development project, Avissawella town has to be converted as an urban center. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to change the existing land use pattern in a systematic way. Then the extent of land area utilized for respective uses has to be adjusted . Extent of proposed land use is given below in Table 7, Table No 7 PROPOSED LAND USE PATTERN OF AWISSAWELLA URBAN IN 1998 Category of land use
Residential Commercial activities
Extent Hectares
525 14
Percentage
27.06 .72
4.0
ECONOMIC BASE
4.0
ECONOMIC BASE
4.1
Agriculture
In reviewing the land use of Avissawella region, it is possible to mention that this area has much more tendency towards agriculture . Existing Land Use Map shows that 65% of lands has been utilized for agriculture. Rubber, paddy and home gardening are the main cultivation in the urban area. Mostly home gardening of annual crops generate income for for the people as well as to satisfy satisfy their daily needs. Most of agricultural lands belong to the government sector and thereby much ease has been caused for the problem of unemployment, However the annual income of people of this area when compared with the landowners it is at a very low level. Agriculture is the economic base of the area. It includes all annul crops and main plantation crops of Sri Lanka - tea, rubber, paddy and coconut plantations. In considering land use of feeding area of Avissawella, 65% has been used for agriculture (Table No.8). Hanwella, Weke, Attanagalla, Ruwan wella, Yatiyantota, Dehiowita, Ehaliyagoda and Horana areas have been considered as feeding areas where 34.7 % of the the total land area i.e. 55,150 hectares have been appropriated for rubber cultivation The land devoted for paddy cultivation is 17,3290 hectares which is 11 % of the total land area ( See Table No.8) Table No. 8 LAND USE OF FEEDING AREAS OF AVISSAWELLA
4.2
Trade and Commerce
Urbanization and urban development pattern of Avissawella town takes a different face than that of the development of any other urban area of the Colombo District. Development of Avissawella town can be cited as an isolated development and economy is based on agriculture. This can be considered as a special character when compared with the economic base of region. However no industries in the town are based on agriculture or plantation. It merely serves as a service center to the people and industries located out side the town area. In reviewing the physical development of the region, there is a ribbon development and it is limited along road sides only. It can be considered as a special character. All commercial activities are concentrated along the roadsides due the fact that the all common amenities and market facilities were originated based on the road net work. Apart from Avisawella Town Center, the following areas are also can be identified as the areas where commercial development are prevalent. Puwakpitiya town, which is situated within the Avissawella town limit, is a small commercial center and the weekly fair can be cited as a special feature. Talduwa is a town and weekly fair situated outside the town limit of Avissawella provides immense services to the people. Residential and commercial development activities are being undertaken from Puwakpitiya Junction to Avissawella Town Center. •
•
•
Table No. 9 EXISTING COMMERCIAL & OTHER USAGES OF AVISSAWELLA TOWN Category of Usage
Commerce (grocery) Groceries Textile shops Jewellary shops Milk bars Hardware Furniture shops Studio Liquor bars Hotels Co-op shops Agricultural equipment sale centers Vegetable, meat & fish stalls Stationary & Book shops Pharmacies Record bars Electrical equipment shops Others
Nos. of Units
103 34 16 11 6 5 10 78 1 2 59 9 3 8 1 8 4
Administration Urban Council Land Registration Office Divisional offices (Education, CEB,Telecom
1 1 1
Professional Notary Public/Lawyers’ offices
49
Social & Recreational Facilities Reading halls Libraries Town halls Record bars Rest houses Cinemas
1 2 1 3 5 2
Educational Primary schools Junior schools Central colleges
3 2 1
Health Ayurvedic dispensaries Private hospitals
7 4
Production Service Centers Cement blocks making Fruit juice products Smithies Papadam products Garments Industries Slaked Lime products Bakery products Service centers Laundries Tailor shops Coir products Beedi (tobacco) products Photo copying centers Picture framing Me tress products Bridal /beauty centers Fairs (pola) Gas distributing agencies Tea packing centers Quarries Rubber factories
1 1 1 1 1 1 14 2 2 31 3 1 3 4 2 2 1 1 3 9
4.2.1
Identified Problems Related to Commerce : No proper utilization of commerce and trade spaces in the existing town center Existence of vast number of unsuitable buildings Utilization of commercial lands for other uses Encroachment of market center and road blockage due to unauthorized construction and non-enforcement of proper Street line Non maintenance of Weekly Fair (Pola) at the main commercial center of Puwakpitiya which is one of small commercial nodes of Avissawella Town Apart from the above problems, the existing town center is incapable of serving the commercial demand of the proposed Seethawaka Industrial Estate. No adequate parking spaces for vehicles •
• • •
•
•
•
4.2.2
Proposals for Identified Problems :•
•
•
•
Improvement of the Bus terminal, Drainage and Parking facilities under the proposed Town Improvement Project Development of a New Commercial area from Kudagama Junction to Industrial Estate Improvement of Puwakpitiya Fair (Pola) under the financial assistance of (UDLIHP) Asian Development Bank and Urban Council Legalization of Street Lines and Building Lines of public roads within the Urban Council area by publishing them under the Government Gazette
commercial centre which includes both residential and commercial plots. The land value along the roadsides is between Rs. 20,000 - 50,000 per perch. Land value in residential zones and in the areas suitable for residential use is between Rs. 5,000 and 20,000. The land value of the plantation sector is below Rs. 5,000 per perch. (See Map No. 13)
5.0
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
5.1
Economic Infrastructure Facilities
5.1.1
Water
The National Water Supply & Drainage Board carries out distribution of water and its basic functions. Water is taken from Seethawaka River while the distribution is carried out by the distribution center of NWSDB situated at Galkotuwa Watta area. Asbestos cement pipes and PVC pipes are used for the purpose. Duct iron pipes with 300 mm radius with 1020 meters long have been used for daily supply of water and the capacity of the reservoir is about 1.8 million liters. By March 1997, 1,572 water connections have been provided. It was scheduled to provide 1,000 new connections by the water supply project commenced in 1996 funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Fifty two (52 %) percent of people had no new water connections and out of those persons living in Penrith Estate and Alston Estate have been given private pipe borne water facilities by the Estate. Rest of the people have to satisfy their needs by water obtaining from rivers streams, falls etc., The existing water connections and the water supply system in 1997 are shown in Table No. 10 and Map No. 14. Table No. 10
Point (180 meter) at Penrith Estate. 5.1.1.1 Identification of problems • •
•
•
•
Non availability of pipe borne water to 52% of the total population Current demand for pipe borne water supply is 4 million liters per day. However the water supply capacity is about 2.5 million liters per day Demand for the supply pipe borne water for projected population and day time population by year 2010 would be 9.43 million liters per day Difficulty in providing water facilities for the houses located in the highlands of urban area Inadequacy of water facilities for the pedestrians and commercial units in the main commercial center.
5.1.1.2 Development Proposals for Identified Problems
Water purification and distribution center is expected to be constructed at Penrith Estate with the assistance of (UDLIHP) the Asian Development Bank in order to provide water facilities for the new housing schemes coming up and for common use of the Seethawaka Industrial Estate. It is expected to obtain water from Seethawaka River for the purpose and the followings are the major projects in progress. • •
Housing schemes and hotel projects in Penrith Estate Housing schemes of Alston Estate and Farm Ham Estate
Actions are being taken to install two transformers with the capacity of 250 KV and 150 KV respectively in the Avissawella area in order to minimize prevailing low voltage in the area. In addition to this, the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) has provided 360 street lamps and the Urban Council undertakes maintenance. Out of total housing units, a 60% has been provided with electricity, apart from Seethawaka Industrial Estate. CEB expects to provide 15,000 new connections. Network of existing electricity supply is shown in the Map No. 15. 5.1.2.1Development Proposals
Electricity Board has identified the problems related to 33 kV line running across the developed zone of Avissawella urban area and it is proposed to station the present transformer at the junction near the Rest House as a solution. In addition, CEB has identified the following areas for the supply of electricity (See Table No. 11) Table No. 11 IDENTIFIED REQUIREMENT Area
Residential Units
Distribution Lines (Meters)
Sirisanda – Puwakpitiya Alston Estate Yahella Watta Kotaboda Watta
4 422 4 14
200 700 60 800
Table No. 12 PROPOSED ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AREA Area
Penrith Estate Manikka Watta / Siriwardena Watta Honinton Estate Alston estate Private lands New Commercial Zone Industrial Facility Center Dorakanda Hotel Project Source: UDA (See Map No. 15) 5.1.3
Housing Units
1000 1600 150 500 850 200 70
Telecommunication Facilities
The Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd holds the responsibility of extension, maintenance and management of telecommunication facilities. The distribution of services is done by the tertiary stations situated at Colombo, Kandy, Galle and Anuradhapura districts. Colombo Centre provides services to the secondary centers at Avissawella and now this center has the capacity of the 600 nos. connections. Out of this , 65 % has been provided for residential purposes while 35 % has been allocated for commercial activities. However,
Table No. 13 PROPOSED AREAS Area
Penrith Estate Manikka Watta / Siriwardena Watta Honinton Estate Alston estate Private lands New Commercial Zone Industrial Facility Center Penrith Estate Hotel Project Golf Ground Area Doranakanda Hotel Project Source: UDA (See Map No. 16)
Number Housing Units
1000 1000 150 500 850 200 70
In addition, it is expected that the private telecommunication companies may also provide facilities considering the demand of the area. 5.1.4
Transport Net work
Three sources of transportation can be identified in transportation network of the area. They are:
Table No. 14 TRAFFIC SURVEY ( 8.00 A.M. - 10.00 A.M.) Route
Avissawella – Colombo Colombo Avissawella
Peak Hours
Cars
Buses
vans
Lorries
Motor Cycles
Bicycles
Trishaws
780
37
28
70
43
98
64
57
699
91
44
62
47
48
24
16
Source: Field Survey by UDA 1997 July
Number of Buses deployed for the benefit of the public is about 300. Out of this 160 buses are belonged to the private sector while 90 belonged to the Peoplised Transport Services (PTS) and about 50 luxury buses are also mobilized for Intercity Luxury Services. Actions have been taken to mobilize more buses covering 20,000 kilometers running per day and the number of passenger is estimated as over 26,000. But this commuting population would be highly increased with the creation of the Industrial Estate which is estimated to be about 100,000. When reviewing the railway transport, it fulfils an important task in the transportation of passenger and goods. Especially maintaining linkages with the capital city of Colombo and Avissawella is feasible through Kelani Valley Railway line. Yet as this railway line is consisted of bends and crosses the main high level road at four points, the time devoted for this journey is relatively longer. Therefore Railway line is presently under-utilized. But by removing the bends in this road, traveling time can be reduced to a greater extent. Thereby it will
Colombo – Ratnapura Road – Grade A road gets the priority out of above mentioned roads. As Colombo – Hatton Road runs via the principal towns adds a greater importance to Avissawella Town. The maximum speed allowed in the urban center is between 15 – 20 kilometers per hour. Roads network stretched along Avissawela town can be categorized under four groups as follows : • • • •
Roads belonged to Road Development Authority (RDA) Roads belonged to Provincial Road Development Authority A 7 (PRDA) Roads belonged to the Urban Council(UC) Roads belonged to Plantation Companies (Estate roads)
Except roads belonged to the Roads Development Authority all the other roads are in a damaged and dilapidated condition. Non availability of drains on either sides of roads and improper maintenance have caused this state of affairs ( vide Map No. 16) While Colombo – Ratnapura and Colombo – Hatton roads can be categorized as RDA roads, the Kudagama – Tummodare Road as a PRDA road within the urban council area. 5.1.5.1 Problems Identified: •
Inadequacy of the road network to cope up with number of vehicles circulating within the region .
3
Vidyala Mawatha This road is subject to improvement as a road to Aviassawella Town, and Thalduwa commercial center which can also be used as a short cut to reach Talduwa. It also will be very convenient and useful to those who come for employment at the Industrial Estate.
4.
Proposed RDA Road Main road leading to Katunayaka from Avissawella through Amithirigala provides the transport facilities for the people living in and around the Industrial Estate. The road provides easy transport facilities to the Airport.
5.
Bridge over Seetahwaka River Plans are being prepared to construct a bridge over the Seethawaka River taking into consideration the requirement of the Industrial Estate and also to be connected with the proposed Airport Road via Amithirigala. This bridge is expected to be built closer to Rajasinghe, Tomb on Thalduwa Road and closer to Weralupitiya from the direction of Industrial Estate.
6.
Jinawansa Mawatha Widening of Jinawansa Mawatha up to Industrial Estate via Manikkawatta, This provides access to those who go to work in the Industrial Estate from proposed housing scheme and other Housing schemes.
7.
Elston Estate
Re-settlement Colony Road
11.
Puwakpitiya Village Road Repair of road network in Puwakpitiya Village is carried out under the financial assistance made available by (UDLIHP) ADB .
12.
Housing Scheme Road Construction of new road from Kiriwandala Railway Crossing up to Lokan place of Penrith Estate.
13.
Wewa Kelle Road Re-construction and tarring of Wewa Kelle Road
14.
Weralupitiya Road Provision of transport facilities for employees of Industrial Estate by widening the Weralupitiya Road from Hospital Junction up to Industrial Estate. It is also proposed to use this as a single way traffics and to construct pavements on the either sides.
15.
Bus Station It is proposed to construct a bus bay at hospital Junction for the employees of the Industrial Estate. It is also proposed to construct a turning point for buses at the entrance of the Industrial Estate.
16.
Widening of Colombo – Yatiyantota Road This involves widening of Colombo Yatiyantota Road from Kudagama Juncti
5.2. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
5.2
INFRASTRUCTURE
5.2.1 Health and Sanitary Facilities
Following health service centers have been located within the Urban Council limits in order to provide health service required by the people. Government Base Hospital 1 Private hospitals 3 Private dispensaries 8 Ayurvedic dispensaries 7 Dental surgeries 2 • • • • •
Government Base Hospital bears a greater importance and consists of 9 wards such as children’s ward, treatment wards, etc. and various clinics also are held regularly. These include medical treatment, laboratory services, dental surgery, specialist’s services, Gynecological services, Labor Rooms etc. Staff on duty consists of 31 doctors, 73 nurses and 110 other employees. With available information, there are 369 beds in the hospital. Out door patients are about 150,000 while indoor patients counts around 12,000.Average number of patients per month in the case of out door patients would be 12,000 and indoor patients would be 10,000. About 350 patients are treated per day in maternity and child care wards. In consideration of the reports of Grama Niladhari (Village officers) and Urban Council. The sanitation facilities in the year 1997 are as follows: (see Table No. 15.
•
•
• •
5.2.2
Provision of facilities for the creation of private medical clinics for requirements arising in the future. Increase of doctors and other staff and provision of residential facilities required by them for the future Provision of adequate electricity, telephone, and water supply facilities Improvement of sewage system.
Education
The 6 major schools situated within the Avissawella Urban Council limits have met educational requirement of Avissawella. Those schools are: St. Mary’s College Tamil college – Puwakpitiya Central College – Seethawaka Roman Catholic College - Puwakpitiya President’s College Puwakpitiya (North) Maha Vidyalaya (Map No. 20) The above schools have provided educational facilities required by the children of the region. Total floor area of these schools is 67,125 sq. ft.. This floor area has been distributed among the total number of 6500 schools children. Accordingly, the floor area allocated per student is about 10.4 sq.ft.. The level of education up to Year 3 and above falls between 65% - 75 %. Generally the level of education is higher in the area. • • • • • •
Table No. 16 FACILITIES OF SCHOOLS WITHIN AVISSAWELLA URBAN COUNCIL LIMITS DURING THE YEAR 1997 Name of school
the
Puwakpitiya (N) M’ Vidyalaya Puwakpitiya T’ Vidyalaya St. Mary’s College President’s College Seethawaka Central College Puwakpitiya R’Cacholic
No. of schools
Sq.ft.
Ext. of lands
Existing facilities
Availability of
No. of Teachers
Acres
Years
Water
electri city
Primary
Secondary
580
14,000
3.5
1-11
Yes
Yes
4
10
808
3,800
-
1-11
Yes
Yes
8
6
1,217
14,325
-
1-13
Yes
Yes
24
9
1,611
12,400
-
1-11
Yes
Yes
20
29
1,585
16,800
-
1-13
Yes
Yes
-
-
519
5,800
-
1-11
Yes
Yes
-
-
• •
•
•
•
There is dearth of buildings required for class rooms, offices, laboratories, etc. Scarcity of lands required to build school buildings and non availability of additional facilities such as furniture etc., in required quantities Inadequacy of water supply and water storage facilities(water tanks) to suit requirement, short comings of physical resources such as playground etc. as well as the dearth of required trained graduate teachers Although there is a over demand for President’s College there is no space for its expansion Location of President’s College is in the center of the town on the approach road to the Industrial town has caused an urban congestion
5.2.2.2 Development Proposals for Identified Problems • • •
• •
•
New buildings and improvement of existing buildings Preparation of playground of Puwakpitiya (North) College Construction of a new school or expansion of Puwakpitiya (North) College in order to meet the increasing demand for schools due to the growth of population in the feeding area and consequent growth of population by due to Industrial Estate To take action to facilitate space in the Penrith Estate Taking action to provide necessary space for the improvement of Puwakpitiya Tamil College providing lands from Elston Estate. To take action to recruit necessary teachers for schools to solve the problem of
5.2.4
Cemeteries
The main cemetery in the area under the administration of Seethawaka Urban Council is the Kiriwandala Cemetery. One and half acre land has been allocated for the Weralupitiya Cemetery. In addition there are ce meteries in churches for their devotees. 5.2.4
Recreation and Leisure
Resources for recreation and leisure are limited within the urban area. Following facilities are available and located within the Aviassawella urban council area: Cinema halls 2 Town hall facilities Community hall facilites Reading & library facilities Sports Club facilities Yahella Garden Rest houses 5 • • • • • • •
5.2.5.1
Identified Problems •
•
Suspension of work on the way in the construction of Playground in Puwakpitiya area Inadequacy of facilities in Avissawella Rest House which is a major rest
•
•
make the playground a full pledge one i.e. to create Sport Center, an indoor stadium and a library Rest house maintained under the supervision of the UDA is not sufficient to cater to the future demand at all. Increasing the number of rooms to meet those needs, construction of an adequate hall for ceremonies and improvement of recreation & leisure facilities. Seeking the assistance of private sector for the project. Improvement of the playground owned by Kelani Valley Sport Club and assistance of the private sector should be sought for this purpose.
Existing and proposed recreation & leisure facilities are given in map No. 21.
5.3
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
5.3
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
5.3.1
Solid Waste Management
5.3.1.1 Collection & Disposal
Actions are being taken by the urban council of Seethawaka for the collection of solid wastes within the urban council limits. Their services are specially provided for urban center and residential and other developed places. Five thousand one hundred and fifty six (5,156) places where the solid wastes are accumulated have been identified at present. Out of them three thousand six hundred and forty eight (3648) are residential while one thousand five hundred and sixteen (1516) are commercial centers and twenty six (26) are institutions and religious places. Hand carts are used for the collection of solid wastes while tractors are utilized for the disposal of them. Presently, these wastes are transported to waste disposal center situated in close proximity to Kiriwandala. The extent of land is 0.25 hectares and this can be used only for a limited period of time. 5.3.1.2 Composition of Solid Wastes
Twenty five (25) cubic meters of solid wastes are disposed per day within the urban council area according to existing data. Following composition was identified in them in a study carried out by the CEA. (see Table no. 18)
5.3.1.3 Identification of Problems •
• •
Extent of land used for the disposal of wastes is not adequate even at present and would not be sufficient at all with the development that would take place in the future Insufficiency of equipment vehicles and employees for the disposal Consequent weakening of cleanliness of the town
5.3.1.4 Development Proposals for the Solution of Problems •
•
5.3.2
Huge volume of solid wastes will be gathered with the development in Avissawella area in the future. It proposed Waste Disposal Center at Meepe for the disposal of wastes in fourteen(14) local authorities in the greater Colombo region including Avissawella urban area as a environmental improvement project under the World Bank assistance.. Provision of equipment and vehicle for a period of 7 years to come to meet requirement that may arise in the future.
Storm Water Drainage Network
Avissawella town is situated in a valley and Biso Ela which flows through the town runs up to Getahatta Oya is 17.02 meters long and width is 3.5 meters. Although 750 meters out of which have been constructed it has not been built systematically for water flow. The culverts constructed in the midst of the town on the Colombo – Ratnapura High way
•
5.3.3
No permission for low land fillings
Sewarage Disposal
There is no accepted sewage system for Aavissawella Urban Council area and the sanitary services have been arranged individually. But the diversion of waste water drains to canals by hotels and houses has caused water and environmental pollution. 5.3.4
Development Proposals •
•
It is proposed to have a centralized sewage system for the urban center yet it has been established that a such system is expensive. Sewerage tank system is proposed for new housing scheme. It is proposed to have a density of 25 to 30 houses per acre in such schemes.
6.0
HOUSING
6.0 6.1
HOUSING Existing Housing Facilities I was possible to obtain housing data from two sources namely; i Reports of village officers (Grama Niladhari) ii Reports of Urban Council Number of houses in 1997 in accordance with data obtained from above sources was 3,490 and 5,789 respectively. Estimated number of persons was 22,588 and average number of persons living in a household was four (4). Shortages of houses from 1971 to 1998 in the urban area of Avissawella are given in Table No. 19. Table No. 19 SHORTAGES OF HOUSES IN THE URBAN AREA OF AVISSAWLLA
Year
Population
Housing Units
1971 1981 1990 1998
15,590 14,147 21,147 22,588
2,144 2,441 3,735 5,780
Houses Required 2,887 2,619 3,919 5,854
Shortage of Houses 773 178 184 74 (expected)
Source: UDA Population in 1971 was 15,590 and the number of housing units was 2,144and the required number of houses was 2,887 according to above Table. The shortage accodingly was 773 housing units. But 1998 the population was 22,588 and the number of housing
There is a requirement of 975 houses under the proposed development plan inclusive of the unauthorized settlers in state owned lands which are kept for reservations. 6.2
Housing Requirement
It is the main duty of planners to provide facilities for those who come to Industrial Estate for employment as it is done for other Industrial Estate. Approximately 60,000 employment opportunities as direct or indirect are expected as a result of the Seethawaka Industrial Estate. Expected houses is estimated as 6,730 housing units. This includes existing housing shortage in the area at as well. Nature of the requirement of houses can also be classified as follows: Single houses for management staff Single housing units for family units Boarding facilities for individuals • • •
Table No. 21 shows the housing requirement as a consequence of the anticipated generate in the area,, initiated through the expected direct and indirect employment opportunities generated through the proposed Industrial Estate. Housing requirement that would be enerated as a consequences of direct & indirect employment due to proposed Industrial Estate are given inn the Table No. 21. Table No. 21 HOUSING REQUIREMENT GENERRATED THROUGH THE PROPOSED
6.3
Identified Problems Related to Housing •
Settlements of squatters in state owned lands
Squatters reside in the following areas within the Urban Council limits. Area
Number of Families
Balance Kanda Wawe Kele Road (Slums & Shanties) Kotahera Kanda
•
51 45 7
In addition to this, there is a high distribution of population in the following areas that have been identified as unfit for human habitation. Area
Nugewatta Weralupitiya Kudagama Kotahera Kanda
Number of Families
26 40 26 165
Hindarance
Flooding Flooding Flooding Subject to landslides and inability to provide infrastructure facilities
6.4
Proposals for Housing
Steps have been taken to commence the following Housing schems in order to fulfil residential requirement generating consequent to the proposed Industrial Estate as well as to meet the present housing needs of the area. The total population within the Urban Council area limits of Avissawella in the year 1990 was 19,752. It grew up to 22,580 by the year 1998. Population forecast by year 2010 is 38,318. Housing required for the increasing population by reason of direct and indirect job opportunities of the proposed Industrial Estae of Seethawaka will also have to be provided within the area. Therefore following housing schemes are expected to be implemented taking into consideration of these housing requirements. (See Table No. 22) Table No. 22 PROPOSED HOUSING SCHEMES
Name of the Land
Acrerage
Manikkawatta Siriwardena watta Penrith Estate
24 20 120
Elsoton estate
62
Category of Houses
Quarters for employees Quarters for employees Houses for Upper/Middle Classes Middle Class employees Upper/Middle Class Houses
Number of facility Units 600 400
500 500 500
• •
•
•
Provision of houses and lands for the residents of flood prone areas Re-location of government quarters at Avissawella – Ratnapura Road in another location and utilizing them for urban development or construction of housing flats Re-construction of Government Quarters near Railway Station in order to obtain a maximum efficiency of lands Housing schemes for Government servants at state owned An will Estate. (See Map No. 22)
7.0
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
7.0
SEETHAWAK INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
Sri Lanka can be called as a developing country as well as country stepping towards development and the major challenges for government in such a country is to maintain the economy of the country on a fair level creating employment and in addition to that to fulfill the necessities of the towns. The present Government which came into power with the aggravation of these challenges also implemented open economic policy in order to get some relief for these challenges. By this it was expected to induce local and foreign investors to begin industries by encouraging them for investment. The object was to earn foreign exchange and to create employment opportunities. An example would be Export Processing Zone and the Seethawaka Industrial Estate is also the result of the same process. Total extent of land to be utilized for the proposed Seethawakapura Industrial Estate will be 168 hectares. Arthur Field Estate has been selected for this purpose. So many factors have been taken into consideration by the planners in selecting this estate for an industrial Estate. The locational suitability of this land is based on the following socio-economic factors and physical factors: Socio Economic Availability of raw materials. i.e. tea & rubber as this area falls under plantation industry Ability to get cheap labour (at a minimum wage) because of high unemployment in the area Ability to have linkages with the major commercial towns, harbour and the •
•
•
labour as well as higher portion of raw materials for exports processing industries export markets from the areas itself i.e tea, rubber, gems etc. Also more encouragement is given to labour intensive industries. Garment Industry, Light Toy Industry, Gem & Jewelry Industries, food & beverage Industries, Container Production Industries, Printing Package Industries etc. can be called as such labour intensive industries. By reason of the proposed Seethawaka Industrial Estate Avissawella Town has the potential of becoming the most important town between the Saragamuwa and the Western Provinces. On the other hand the impact of this development will activate as an access to the Central and Southern Provinces, as a major town feeding surrounded small towns too. Infrastructure facilities for the industrial development in the zone will be provided for each of land individually and the major cost of the project will be borne by the Industrial Development Board.
8.0
ACTION PROJECTS
ACTION PROJECTS Identified Actions Projects Project
Land Ownership
Extent Acres
Purpose
Benefists
Project Period
Estimate Appro.
Action By
HOUSING SCHIME
1
Manikka Watta
Pvt. - UDA
24
Housing
600 Houses for Employees
1999-2000
UDA
2 3 4 5 6 7
Siriwardena Watta Penrith Watta- Upper Class -do- - Middle Class Elston Estate - Upper Class Anwil Estate Honiton Estate
Pvt. - UDA LR.C.
20 70 50 62 10 18
Housing Housing Housing Housing Housing Housing
400 Houses for Employees 500 Management Housing 500 Houses for Employees 500 Management Housing 150 Houses 150 Houses
1999-2000 1999 -2000 1999 -2000 2000-2002 2000-2000 1999 -2002
UDA Pussalla Plantation UDA Puss Ella Plantation Divisional Secretariat UDA
2000-2000
NHDA
2000-2000
NHDA
2000-2000
UDA / Special Projects
2000-2000
NHDA
LR.C
LR.C. LR.C. Pvt. UDA
SUPPLY OF ALTERNATIVE HOUSING
1
Balace Kanda
Railway Dept. Health Dept.
10
Planned Housing
2
Kotahera Kanda
Pvt.
25
3
Puwakpitiya (Egodagama)
Pvt.
28
4
Govt. Housing (12)
NHDA
Diversion for suitable housing Reduce Housing shortage Shifting old houses in the Town Center
1 1/2
Provision of Permanent Housing Diversion for suitable housing Provide suitable Housing Supply of Housing for Govt. servants & maximize utilization of lands
COMMERCIAL & GOVT. INSTITUTIONS Project
Land Ownership
Extent Acres
1
New Commercial Center
2
Industrial Facility Center
Pvt./RDA/C TB Pvt. UDA
3
Courts Complex
Govt.
10
4
Relocation of Bus Depot
13
5
Puwakpitiya Pola (Fair) Development Govt. Hospital – Avissawella
Bus Co Sabara. Urban Council Health Department
6
1/2 10
Purpose
Benefists
Project Period
10
Commercial Center
Commerce
1999-2000
UDA
10
Assist Small Industrialists
Provision of technical facilities & generation of employments Enhance efficiency
1999-2002
UDA
1999-2001
Ministry of Justice
End 1999
UDA and Bus Co S00abaragamuwa UDA Spl Project Division / UC Health Dept.
Improvement of Courts Relocation of Bus Depot Develop the Pola in orderly manner Improvement of facilities
Achieve maximum utility of land Proper service to the public
2000 - 2002
Provide good service to local public
2000 - 2001
Improvement of passenger comforts & amenities Meeting needs of employees of the Industrial Complex Minimize after effects by improving the systematic diversion of water Providing electricity to the Industrial Estate & 4100 Nos. new houses and New commercial Development and hotels etc. Supply of telecommunication Industrial estate, new 4100 nos. houses and other projects
2000 - 2002
Estima te Appro.
Action By
COMMON SERVICE 1 2
Development of the Existing Bus Station Bus Station near Industrial Estate
3
Storm water drainage
4
Provision of electricity
5
Provision of Telecommunication
UC
UDA
1/2
Development of existing bus station Transport facility to employees of the Industrial Complex Systematize of storm water drainage s
Telecommunication facilities to proposed development
2000 - 2001
UDA Spl Project Division / UC UDA
2000 - 2002
UDA Spl Project Division / UC
1999 - 2002
CEB
1998 - 2002
Sri Lanka Telecom
ROAD DEVELOPMENT Project
Land ownership Private
Land extent 65
Objective
Benefits
Removal of obstructions in the Railway Line
Minimize traffic congestions along the roads and improve efficiency of rail transportation Reduce congestion in the Highway and the town center Provision of transport
2000 – 2005
Road Development Authority
1999 - 2002
Provision of roads
1999 – 2003
Provision of roads for the residents of the area
1999 - 2002
Road Development Authority Road Development Authority Seethawaka Urban Council
Provision of roads for the residents of the area
1998 - 1999
Seethawaka Urban Council
Provision of roads for the residents of the area
1999 - 2000
Urban Development Authority
Provision of roads by the residents of the area Reduce congestion and avoid road accidents
1999 - 2000
Seethawaka Urban Council Road Development Authority
Improvement of transportation for employees of the Industrial Complex
1999 - 2000
1
Railway development
2
Proposed Bridge over Seethawaka River
Private
Easy access to Industrial Complex
3
Widening of Kudagama Road
Private
4
Conversion of old railway to a high way Widening of Penrith Estate Road
Railway Dept. LRC
6
Construction of Elston Estate Road
Private and LRC
7
Road up to Dorana kanda from Eswatta near Kelani River Repair of Wawe Kelle Road
Private and LRC
Providing access to housing schemes Providing access to housing schemes Providing access to new housing schemes, Golf Ground,, and Hotel projects Roads for the residents of the locality Road Development
5
8 9
10
Construction of a underground subway at Kudagama Junction Improvement of Werapitiya Road (Hospital Road)
Seethawaka UC State
-
Improvement of transport facilities Provision of a easy road for transportation Improvement of access road to Industrial complex
Project period 1999 - 2005
1999 - 2005
Gross profit Rs. 200 mn
Action by
Railway Department
Road Development Authority
WATER SUPPLY Project
1 2
New Water Distribution Center (Penrith Estate) New water refinery
Land ownership LRC
Land extent 0.5
LRC
0.5
Land ownership Pussallawa Plantation
Land extent 10
-doPrivate Seetahwaka Urban Council Seetahwaka Urban Council Pusellawa Estate
10 20 5
Objective
Benefits
Project period 1999 - 2000
Gross profit
Action by
Un disturb potable water Clean and storage of water
Enjoyment of clean potable water -do-
Objective
Benefits
To facilitate foods and lodging for tourist /investors -do-doImprovement of sports facilities
Improvement of availability of foods & lodging -do-doImprovement of physical health
2000 -2003 2000 - 2005 1999 - 2005
-doUDA Seethawaka Urban Council
Provision of holidays & entertainments
Availability of holiday entertainment
1999 - 2000
Seethawaka Urban Count
Improvement of leisure & recreational facilities
Enjoyment of sports facility
1999 - 2002
Pussellawa Plantation
NWSDB
1999 - 2000
NWSDB
RECREATION & LEISURE Project
1
Penrith Estate Hotel Project
2 3 4
Pedrick Hotel Project Dorana Kanda Hotel Project Playground –Pedrick Estate
5
Improvement of Yahella Garden
6
Golf Ground
250
Project period 2000 - 2005
Gross profit
Action by
Pussellawa Plantation