AutoPIPE Pipe Stress Analysis - Tutorial

A UTO PIPE ®

P I P E S T R E S S AN AL Y S I S XM Edit ion

BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC. WWW.BENTLEY.COM

T UTORIAL

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

TRADEMARK NOTICE Bentley, the "B" Bentley logo, MicroStation, AutoPLANT and AutoPIPE are registered or nonregistered trademarks of Bentley Systems, Inc. or Bentley Software, Inc. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. COPYRIGHT NOTICE © 2006, Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may only be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement; contains confidential and proprietary information of Bentley Systems, Incorporated and/or third parties which is protected by copyright and trade secret law and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization. Acknowledgments Portions OpenGL® API © Silicon Graphics, Inc. Portions © Rogue Wave Software Portions © Alias Ltd RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDS If this software is acquired for or on behalf of the United States of America, its agencies and/or instrumentalities ("U.S. Government"), it is provided with restricted rights. This software and accompanying documentation are "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation," respectively, pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 227.7202, and "restricted computer software" pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19(a), as applicable. Use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display or disclosure of this software and accompanying documentation by the U.S. Government are subject to restrictions as set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212, 52.227-19, 227.7202, and 1852.227-86, as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 685 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 193410678. Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States and International treaties. END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT To view the End User License Agreement for this product see: eula_2005.pdf

DAA037360-1/0001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 1-2 FEATURE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1-2 PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES ............................................. 1-2 HANGER DESIGN .......................................................................................... 1-2 STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE ..................................................... 1-2 NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS ............................................................... 1-3 LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS ................................................................. 1-3 FINITE ELEMENT THEORY ........................................................................... 1-3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 1-3 POST PROCESSING...................................................................................... 1-4 PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE......................................................................... 1-4 CAD INTERFACES ......................................................................................... 1-5 ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS........... 1-5 NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE XM EDITION............................................................ 1-5 ANALYSIS....................................................................................................... 1-5 CAESAR.......................................................................................................... 1-6 GRAPHICS...................................................................................................... 1-6 INTEROPERABILITY ...................................................................................... 1-6 MODELING ..................................................................................................... 1-6 PIPING CODES............................................................................................... 1-6 COMBINATIONS............................................................................................. 1-7 POST PROCESSING...................................................................................... 1-7 REPORTS....................................................................................................... 1-7 SECURITY ...................................................................................................... 1-7 LIBRARIES...................................................................................................... 1-7 AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS ............................................................................... 1-8 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................... 1-9 RELEASE NOTES ....................................................................................................... 1-9 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES ................................................................. 1-10 TECHNICAL SUPPORT................................................................................ 1-10 SELECT SERVICES ONLINE ....................................................................... 1-10 SELECT PRIVILEGES .................................................................................. 1-11 PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES ............................................... 1-11 AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT ..........................................1-11 SERVICES.....................................................................................................1-11 BENTLEY SELECT .................................................................................1-11 TRAINING ...............................................................................................1-11 ENTERPRISE LICENSE SUBSCRIPTIONS ...........................................1-12 BENTLEY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES.................................................1-12 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS.........................................................................1-13

CHAPTER 2: USING THE ON-LINE HELP ........................................................................................2-2 BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW..................................................................................2-3 STARTING AUTOPIPE ................................................................................................2-4 LOADING A MODEL ....................................................................................................2-5 DEFINING A NEW MODEL..............................................................................2-5 LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL....................................................................2-7 INTERFACE.................................................................................................................2-8 SCREEN LAYOUT...........................................................................................2-8 DIALOGS.........................................................................................................2-9 KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS.....................................................................2-9 UNITS FORMAT......................................................................................2-10 MENU STRUCTURE .....................................................................................2-11 TOOLBARS ...................................................................................................2-11 HOTKEYS .....................................................................................................2-11 AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS.........................................................................2-11 UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS..........................................................2-12 RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS .....................................................2-14 GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT ........................................................................2-15 UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT ......................................................2-15 CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD ..............2-16 MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY ....................................................2-16 BASIC TASKS ............................................................................................................2-17 EXECUTING A COMMAND...........................................................................2-17 SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS .................................................2-18 INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT ......................................................2-18 MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS....................................................2-18 DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS......................................................2-19 SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET) ............................2-19

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 3-2 CREATING A NEW SYSTEM....................................................................................... 3-3 ROUTING SEGMENT A............................................................................................... 3-7 ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE............................................... 3-7 ADDING A TEE ............................................................................................. 3-15 ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT..................... 3-18 ROUTING SEGMENT B............................................................................................. 3-22 ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT................... 3-22 EDITING CONTROLS................................................................................... 3-25 CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS .. 3-29 SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING..................................................... 3-32 INSERTING A SUPPORT ............................................................................. 3-37 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 3-40 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 3-41

CHAPTER 4: OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 4-2 USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES................................. 4-2 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER ............................................... 4-3 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER ................................................ 4-3 MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE................................... 4-4 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS.................................... 4-6 USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES..................................... 4-8 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ..................... 4-8 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ...................... 4-9 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS (INPUT GRIDS)....... 4-11 GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS ............... 4-13 REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES........................................................................... 4-17 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 4-20 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 4-20

CHAPTER 5: OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 5-2 ASSIGNING LOADS .................................................................................................... 5-2

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DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD.............................5-2 ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS ...................5-5 ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS.................................................5-6 PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS ..........................................................................5-7 GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES .............................................................5-8 DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS.......................................................................5-12 USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS..................................................................5-13 MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS........................................................................5-14 INTERACTIVE REVIEW.............................................................................................5-17 DESIGN CHANGE .....................................................................................................5-19 CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................5-24

CHAPTER 6: OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................6-2 SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS ..........................................................................6-2 GENERATING THE REPORT......................................................................................6-3 REVIEWING THE REPORT .........................................................................................6-4 CLOSING THE REPORT .............................................................................................6-4 CHAPTER REVIEW .....................................................................................................6-5 WHAT’S NEXT?...............................................................................................6-5 

PART II: CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL CHAPTER 7: IMPORTING A PXF FILE..............................................................................................7-2 REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA ................................................................................7-6 CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE .....................................................................7-8 NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY ..................................................................................7-9 CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT.....................................................7-10 CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT.................................................................7-13 CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................7-15 WHAT’S NEXT?.............................................................................................7-15

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CHAPTER 8: VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW ................................................................................... 8-2 SOLID MODEL VIEW................................................................................................... 8-2 VECTOR VIEW ............................................................................................................ 8-3 CHAPTER REVIEW..................................................................................................... 8-5 WHAT’S NEXT? .............................................................................................. 8-5

CHAPTER 9: FRAME OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 9-2 CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL ........................................................ 9-2 ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME ......................................................................... 9-7 VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL................................................................................... 9-8 INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL .................................................................. 9-9 OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM ................................................................... 9-9 INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS.......................................................... 9-10 AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING ..................................................................... 9-12 SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS.................................................................. 9-12 INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL............................................................. 9-13 CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE....................................................................... 9-15 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 9-19 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 9-19

CHAPTER 10: CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 10-2 DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS .................................................................... 10-2 PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS........................................................................ 10-3 REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS ........................................ 10-5 REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) ................................... 10-6 APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA ................................................................... 10-8 SELECTING COMBINATIONS .................................................................................. 10-9 ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE................................................................ 10-11 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS................................................................. 10-13 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS).................................... 10-14 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................. 10-17

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INTRODUCTION

AutoPIPE is a stand-alone computer aided engineering (CAE) program for calculation of piping stresses, flange analysis, pipe support design, and equipment nozzle loading analysis under static and dynamic loading conditions. In addition to 22 piping codes, AutoPIPE incorporates ASME, European, British Standard, API, NEMA, ANSI, ASCE, AISC, UBC, and WRC guidelines and design limits to provide a comprehensive analysis of the entire system. Version 9.0 is available for Windows 2000/XP can be licensed across networks. There are two versions of AutoPIPE: Plus and Standard. The Plus version offers several advanced analysis capabilities not available in the standard version which are detailed later in this chapter. A KHK2 add-on option is also available for the Plus version that allows use of the Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code in addition to all the features of the Plus version. AutoPIPE is a proven, wellestablished program that has been commercially available since 1986. AutoPIPE’s rigorous quality assurance practices have withstood numerous onsite audits, making AutoPIPE one of the few PC based piping programs approved for use in nuclear safety applications.

OVERVIEW

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FEATURE SUMMARY

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NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE XM EDITION

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AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

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RELEASE NOTES

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TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES

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DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

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INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design, AutoPIPE utilizes Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and CAD interfaces to enable users to create, modify, and review piping and structural models and their results quickly and easily. A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing instant visual feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being entered and alerts the user if the model does not comply with the regulatory standards of piping design. Using AutoPIPE’s object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify pipe properties, supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command. Graphical selection of ranges is also used for cut, copy, & paste operations.

FEATURE SUMMARY The following is a partial list of the features and capabilities of AutoPIPE. Refer to the on-line help for a complete reference of features and functionality.

PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES AutoPIPE contains a comprehensive and extensible library of material properties and piping & structural components including pipes, reducers, tees, valves, flanges, beams, flexible connectors and other items. Supports include: anchors, spring and constant force hangers, one-way restraints, limit stops, guides, snubbers and tie-rods. The material library includes temperature dependent properties and code dependent allowables. AutoPIPE provides component libraries for ASME/ANSI, JIS, DIN, and Nordic standards.

HANGER DESIGN AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The program selects hangers from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, Bergen-Patterson, Lisega, NPS, and others.

STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE AutoPIPE provides built-in structural analysis with frame elements to enable users to consider the mass and flexibility of structural supports as part of their piping analysis. AutoPIPE provides structural modeling options for user specified beta angles to orient beam local cross-section axes with global axes, rigid end lengths to account for the connectivity of end points to other members in the structural system, and end releases to model pinned connections. AutoPIPE’s unique two point support elements allow the user to define the connection between pipe and structural steel using gaps and friction at the same point if required. 1-2

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INTRODUCTION FEATURE SUMMARY

The AISC structural library with cross sectional properties and a database of properties of commonly used structural steel materials is included within AutoPIPE. Users can easily define their own frame elements and steel materials to model frame elements not included in the AutoPIPE’s database. Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPE’s graphical interface. In this manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with one operation using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options or by clicking on a particular frame element.

NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS AutoPIPE provides directional supports, gaps, friction, bilinear spring supports and nonlinear buried pipeline analysis. Users can specify both gaps and friction at a support point to simulate real world boundary conditions. AutoPIPE provides 2-point restraint functionality to define tie rods with gaps, pipe/structure interaction, and other connectivity between any 2 points in the system. AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for nonlinear load sequencing. Users can, for example, specify that wind, seismic, or other occasional loads are analyzed in sequence immediately after the gravity load or specify that the occasional loads are analyzed after thermal. In this manner, users can accurately calculate loads and stresses for occasional loads acting on the operating position of the piping or the ambient position of the piping. Load sequencing options also allow the user to calculate gravity and thermal loads using nonlinear analysis and seismic loads using linear analysis (as recommended by UBC and other design standards) in the same run.

LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS AutoPIPE provides a link to WinNOZL for calculations of local shell stresses per British Standard 5500, Welding Research Council bulletin 107, 297, and 368, using stress allowables and load combinations as specified by ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and 2. Various piping load combinations on tanks can be examined in accordance with the API 650 code. Further, AutoPIPE provides unique options for hillside nozzles and reinforcing pad calculations. These are available for cylinders, spheres, cones, semi-ellipses, and torispheres. The automatic importing of AutoPIPE piping loads saves time and minimizes user errors.

FINITE ELEMENT THEORY AutoPIPE is a finite element program used to analyze piping and structural systems subjected to static and dynamic loads. Use of intelligent defaults allows the user to analyze complex systems without indepth knowledge of finite element theory.

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra, phased harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. For modal analysis,

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INTRODUCTION FEATURE SUMMARY AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass and zero period acceleration may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark problems and provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor movements, and code case N411 capability. AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of waterhammer, steamhammer, and relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic analysis. Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can calculate flow induced vibrations, or pulsations associated with reciprocating equipment, and automatically transfer those harmonic loads directly into AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping responses.

POST PROCESSING After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses, loads, deflections, or mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations, and pop-up windows enable the engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical areas without having to review a voluminous amount of batch output data. Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or without filters, for on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed automatically. Unique filter options allow the user to generate custom output reports based on user-defined stress, deflection, or load criteria. AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple thermal, wind, seismic, wave, and dynamic loads all in one analysis with Min/Max load summaries. Using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included in the output report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points in a 1,000 point model.

PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE AutoPIPE checks and generates code compliance reports for the following piping codes: ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8 ASME Section III Class 2 & 3 European EN13480 Canadian CAN/CSA – Z662 B31.4 Offshore B31.8 Offshore CSA-Z662 Offshore British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code)

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INTRODUCTION NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE XM EDITION

Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2 Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6 Dutch Stoomwezen D1101 Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and Japanese KHK French RCC-M and SNCT

CAD INTERFACES AutoPIPE 9.0 can import CAD piping models from Bentley AutoPLANT, Bentley PlantSpace and Intergraph PDS plant design systems. AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format into AutoCAD or MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE can save manhours in the creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent errors associated with manual entry of piping models.

ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for underground and subsea pipeline analysis, dynamic loading, nonlinear restraints, and orthotropic piping analysis. Following is a summary of advanced AutoPIPE capabilities: Built-in wave loading, buried pipeline analysis, pipe/structure interaction, calculation of local stresses, thermal bowing analysis, time history dynamic analysis, fluid transient synthesizers, gaps & friction, relief valve load calculator, FRP/GRP pipe analysis, jacketed piping, 29 piping codes.

NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE XM EDITION Major features and enhancements implemented in this version include:

ANALYSIS Add thermal bowing effect on piping Add option to activate dampers in the wind cases Increase allowable number of internal data points in AutoPIPE

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CAESAR Update cii translator to read Caesar v5.0 file format

GRAPHICS View/Show pipe OD, pipe & insulation thickness, material and SG Click color legend to change colors for View/show options or code stress Allow user scaling of supports & anchors in 3D solid and wireframe view modes Add ability to see different graphical representations of springs and V-stops View/Show /Tee Type Save screen shot as JPEG file Allow user to select and save default iso view direction Allow Supports on vertical pipes to be visible in solid mode

INTEROPERABILITY Add a Note/Tag field to the component dialogs Add ability to export PCF files Save as version 8.6 & 6.3 DAT files from version 9.0 Export AutoPIPE model and support loads to STAAD Write Caesar cii neutral file StressISO: Add decimal control to Anchor and Support loads and stresses

MODELING Display offset distance between any two points Allow ability to specify & report element end results at a 'Reference point' Provide input for end type connections for every piping component Add option to input numeric point names only

PIPING CODES Update B31.3 code to 2004 edition Update ASME B31.1 2005 addenda code

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COMBINATIONS Provide an option to not generate default combinations

POST PROCESSING Add option to use SIF, 0.75*SIF or 1.0 for sustained & occasional stresses Generate a Stress Isometric 'E827-3. Buffer Size Exceeded' for interactive code scan on large model Add user pref flag for use of automatic sustained load margin check

REPORTS Provide "Approved by" fields in the General model options dialog Add minimum two page description option to model input listing

SECURITY Update to Bentley XM licensing Add-on license for StressISO

LIBRARIES Add Haynes 556 material to ASME B31.3 library Add Al-6XN material to ASME B31.3 material library Add A312 grade UNS S31254 to ASME B31.3 material library Add SS 904L grade UNS N08904 to ASME B31.3 material library Add ductile iron A395 and A571 to ASME B31.3 material library Update Euromat library properties down to 0degC

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INTRODUCTION AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS

AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS The following is a list of features available in AutoPIPE and AutoPIPE Plus. Feature Hanger

AutoPIPE

AutoPIPE Plus

Static Linear Static Nonlinear Modal Response Spectrum (SRSS combination method only) Harmonic Force Spectrum Time History SAM Buried pipe NUREG combinations and Code case 411 spectrum Static correction Missing mass correction and ZPA 10 Response Spectrum load cases Static earthquake Wind - ASCE, UBC and User Profile Thermal Bowing Wave loading and buoyancy Fluid Transient Loads Relief Valve Loads ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8 ASME Class II and ASME Class III ASME B31.1-1967 Canadian piping codes International piping codes European EN13480 B31.4 Offshore, A31.8 Offshore & CSA_Z662 Offshore codes

Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code General piping code Rotating Equipment reports Large model size Beam elements for modeling frames and supports Library utilities

Note 1: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.

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INTRODUCTION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Before installing AutoPIPE Version 9.0, be sure your computer meets the following, minimum requirements: Platform: AutoPIPE is designed to run on the following platforms/operating systems. At a minimum, your computer should meet the requirements for that system; for example, the amount of RAM required by AutoPIPE depends on the RAM requirements of the environment in which you will be working: - Windows 2000 - Windows XP Professional edition Hard disk space: Approximately 100 MB Video Graphics Card: OpenGL 3D graphics supported Processor: Intel Pentium-based PC 486 or higher RAM: minimum 128 MB Internet: Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 or greater

RELEASE NOTES The latest program release information and changes to the program that are not included in the manual are listed in the README file located in the AutoPIPE program directory. This file can be opened from the AutoPIPE Readme option in AutoPIPE for Windows menu in the taskbar.

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INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES

TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES Bentley’s Professional Services organization is dedicated to optimizing and supporting engineering environments worldwide. This trained team of experts provides users of Bentley technology a host of technical services that helps project teams leverage architectural and engineering information. Bentley SELECT is your premier service and technology program. The most comprehensive offering of its kind, Bentley SELECT streamlines the delivery and support of Bentley products into one convenient program for its members.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT At the heart of Bentley's support initiative is Bentley SELECT, the most comprehensive service and technology subscription program of its kind. With a commitment to its users unequalled in its industry, Bentley streamlines the delivery and support of its products to Bentley SELECT subscribers. Organizations whose competitive advantage stems from continuous improvement rely on Bentley SELECT to increase their employees' skills in employing Bentley products and, ultimately, improve their bottom line. Bentley users not currently subscribed to Bentley SELECT should visit the Contacts Page at http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Corporate/Contact+Us for technical support information.

SELECT SERVICES ONLINE SELECT services Online is an all-encompassing repository of technical information and support channels. At SELECT services Online, members can access: Downloads Support tools Interactive support Docs and publications Account information Developer support Project services

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INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES

SELECT PRIVILEGES PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES Bentley SELECT members receive free updates and upgrades for all Bentley products covered by SELECT as soon as they are available, via Web downloads and MySELECT CD.

AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT Priority telephone, and E-mail ensure member access to support anytime, anywhere. U.S. and Canada Phone: +1-800-BENTLEY Interactive: http://selectservices.bentley.com/en-US/Support/redirect.htm Europe, Middle East, and Africa Phone: (+31) 023 5560555 Interactive: http://selectservices.bentley.com/en-US/Support/redirect.htm Asia-Pacific Phone: +61 3 9697 8637 1800 500 227 (within Australia) 0800 500 874 (within New Zealand) Interactive: http://selectservices.bentley.com/en-US/Support/redirect.htm SELECT users can get updated worldwide contact information at : http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Corporate/Contact+Us/

SERVICES Bentley's unparalleled services provide users fast answers, quality training, unique licensing options and targeted customization.

BENTLEY SELECT Bentley SELECT is a comprehensive technology and service subscription program that includes flexible subscription options, exclusive licensing privileges, continuous product upgrades, comprehensive technical support, discounts on training and software, and more.

TRAINING The Bentley Institute develops and delivers professional training programs that are designed to increase the productivity of AEC professionals. Attend accredited in-person classes at Bentley Institute training centers around the world, train at your office location through on-site or through distance learning, or learn at your convenience though online self-paced classes. AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES An Enterprise Training Subscription offers convenient multi-user training for a fixed annual fee— streamlining budgeting and delivering comprehensive training to the entire organization.

ENTERPRISE LICENSE SUBSCRIPTIONS With the Enterprise License Subscription program, subscriber organizations are granted unlimited access to Bentley’s entire software portfolio for a fixed annual fee. The portfolio covers all your AEC software needs, providing building, civil, plant, and geospatial solutions and supporting a managed environment for your AEC IT.

BENTLEY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Bentley consultants are focused on helping you identify ways to automate workflows for design, construction, and operations, and gain the most value from your AEC software investment.

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INTRODUCTION DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS A number of conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial to make the information presented easier to identify and understand. CONVENTION

DESCRIPTION

NOTE:

Precedes information of general importance.

HINT:

Precedes optional time-saving information.

WARNING:

Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normal operating conditions.

FILENAMES

Directory paths and file names are italicized. Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

Program Code

Excerpts from text or basic script files and script variables and statements appear in the font shown.

INPUT

Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown.

Menu & Buttons

Menu commands and dialog buttons appear in a sans serif font that stands out from normal body text. Example: After selecting the File menu, press the OK button in the dialog. Individual keyboard keys, or key combinations, are graphically represented. Examples:

Dialogs Field_Name

Dialog and database table names are italicized. Example: The Preferences dialog.

Select

Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog.

Pick

Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing. Throughout this Tutorial, the menu command sequence required to execute a command will be explicitly defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button is presented in the left margin.

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INTRODUCTION DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

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BASIC CONCEPTS

This section introduces you to some of the basic concepts and modeling practices employed by AutoPIPE. You are also introduced to the interface and guided through some basic procedures. USING THE ON-LINE HELP

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BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW

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STARTING AUTOPIPE

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LOADING A MODEL

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INTERFACE

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AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS

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BASIC TASKS

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BASIC CONCEPTS USING THE ON-LINE HELP

USING THE ON-LINE HELP The intent of this document is to familiarize you with the features and interface of AutoPIPE. It is not a comprehensive User’s Guide or Command Reference. For a complete listing of all AutoPIPE commands and features, as well as for a list of reference topics and other useful information, refer to the extensive on-line help system that has been provided with your software. Bentley Help has been designed to provide you access to a variety of different types of help. The suggestions below will make the help system more useful. Dialog and Context-sensitive Help: From within a dialog, you have a variety of help available. When a field has the focus, you can press the F1 key to obtain field-specific information. You can also press the ? key in the title bar of the dialog, then select any of the fields in the dialog. This second method has the advantage of being able to access help related to grayed-out (disabled) items. Additionally, from within a dialog you can always press the Help button to access overview information related to that dialog. Menu Level Help: A variety of techniques are provided for gaining access to menu command help. You can highlight any of the AutoPIPE menu commands then press F1 to jump directly to command-specific help. You can also interactively navigate through the help system by selecting the Help/Menu command. Help Topics: You can view a “book layout” i.e. Contents of the help system at any time by pressing the

toolbar button.

Index: An extensive index of help topics has been provided. Press the Help button on any dialog or select Help/Contents from the menu, then click on the Index tab and type in a topic in the field provided. The index list will filter as you type. Relationship between Command Reference and Reference Information: A link exists between many of the help topics in the Menu Command Reference section and supplemental reference information which explains code compliance calculations, available component and material libraries, etc. After reviewing general help for a particular topic, check if there are additional links displayed at the bottom of the main topic window. Related Topics: Some Help Topics are logically linked. In these instances, pressing a Related Topics button will present a list of topics related to the open item. Highlight a selection in this list to open a related topic. Examples: An extensive on-line workbook has been provided which contains procedures for many common AutoPIPE tasks. You can get to this area from the main help page, through the table of contents, or by links provided within one of the topics themselves.

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BASIC CONCEPTS BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW

Considerations and Notes: Some topics have supplemental considerations and notes available. These features explain additional design considerations and requirements of which you should be aware. Printing: It is very easy to produce hard copies of help documentation. To print the current topic, simply press Print from the topic window. Bentley Help will send the topic to the default Windows printer. To print a range of topics, go the Contents tab and highlight a folder. A dialog Print Topic will display on screen with the options “Print the selected topic” or “Print the selected heading and all sub topics”. Additional information on Help: For more information on using Windows Help Systems, press F1 while in any help topic. The Windows Help file is opened, which contains specific information on maximizing the power of windows help systems.

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW This chapter provides you with a tour of the AutoPIPE interface, and walks you through several of the most basic tasks from opening a model and defining a new system to placing a few components. If you are a new user, you should carefully review the discussions of selecting points, specifying ranges, and inserting components. Veteran users who are switching from DOS to the Windows edition of AutoPIPE should also note that the new interface allows for many tasks to be performed graphically rather than through a series of keystrokes. This Chapter introduces you to the most basic AutoPIPE tasks, including: Starting AutoPIPE: Double-click on the AutoPIPE icon (or select it from a taskbar) Loading a system model: The first step in every AutoPIPE session is either to define a new system model or load an existing one. Navigating the interface: This section covers basic interface navigation techniques and introduces you to the program interface, menu structure, and command techniques. AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts: When modeling in AutoPIPE it is important to understand some of the concepts and techniques the designers have built into the interface. This section briefly describes modeling concepts and principles. Each of these topics is covered briefly in this chapter. The intention is to give you a general understanding of these concepts. For more detailed information regarding a particular command or activity, refer to the appropriate section of the AutoPIPE on-line help. Chapter 3 of this Getting Started manual includes a walk-through tutorial of AutoPIPE features for the novice user.

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BASIC CONCEPTS STARTING AUTOPIPE

Note

Before you can begin working with AutoPIPE, the software must be installed and configured for your system.

STARTING AUTOPIPE The procedure for starting AutoPIPE is provided below: 1. From the Windows’ Start menu, select the AutoPIPE XM icon from the Bentley AutoPIPE XM program group. 2. The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.

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BASIC CONCEPTS LOADING A MODEL

LOADING A MODEL After opening AutoPIPE, the next step is to either create/define a new system or to load an existing one. Both procedures are provided below.

DEFINING A NEW MODEL The first step in creating a new model is to name and define the model as described below: 1. Select File > New to open the New dialog shown below.

2. Indicate the path where the file will be stored using standard Windows file selection techniques (i.e., highlight the appropriate drive, then the directory where the file will be stored). 3. After the path information is specified, type the name of the model in the File name field, and then press Save. Note

The next several steps will present a series of dialogs for the definition of the model and its operating parameters. Each of these dialogs is discussed briefly below for the purpose of demonstrating the sequence of steps required to create a new model. In the next chapter we’ll take a closer look at the definition of model properties. As always, you can also refer to the on-line help for comprehensive dialog information.

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BASIC CONCEPTS LOADING A MODEL 4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

Complete each of the fields to adequately describe your model. Of particular note is the Piping Code selection list, which allows you to choose from a variety of pre-defined piping codes. After completing the dialog, press OK. Note

You can set SI units to be your default units by copying the SI.UNT file in the program folder into AUTOPIPE.UNT file. You can also use DIN sizes by selecting AUTODIN as the component library.

5. The Segment dialog is displayed for the definition of the initial segment that will be used as the starting point of your model. Define the starting point name, any offset values, and a pipe identifier that will be associated with all components that belong to that segment. As components are placed on the line, point names are generated. The default point names always begin with the segment name (“A” in the example below) to which they belong. After completing the dialog, press OK.

6. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. From this location you define the initial pipe properties of the model. This dialog will be explained in the next chapter. After completing the dialog, press OK. 7. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed for the definition of operating loads. Enter values in each of the fields as required by the demands of your system, then press OK to close the dialog.

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BASIC CONCEPTS LOADING A MODEL

8. The setup of the new model is complete. You can now add a component to the first point (A00) in the system (or insert an offset distance from this point). In the next chapter, we’ll create a new model and demonstrate methods for placing and connecting components.

LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL 1. Select File > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). A dialog like the one shown below is displayed.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the Files list, then press OK. The previously saved model and its data are now available for editing or report generation.

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BASIC CONCEPTS INTERFACE

INTERFACE The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and reviewing models of any complexity.

SCREEN LAYOUT Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPE’s interface by examining the areas of the screen annotated below.

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DIALOGS Dialogs present and request information. Press OK to accept the values in a dialog Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For example, there is a limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the appropriate code from a list when the cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is contained inside the dialog itself, and is opened by pressing on the adjacent to that field. The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right hand corner of the screen. To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Enter from the dialog is the equivalent of pressing OK. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the mouse to select the desired location. Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a . Positioning the cursor in that field and then pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state. Press F1 key on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To obtain “big picture” dialog help, press the Help button.

KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS As you begin creating a model, you’ll soon become familiar with AutoPIPE’s use of dialogs to gather information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the fields of a dialog, many users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below. TASK

KEYBOARD

Advance to next field Return to previous field Accept values and close dialog Cancel values and close dialog

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UNITS FORMAT As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the status bar in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs of our users, AutoPIPE allows special characters to be used to decipher the field format and convert these to decimal equivalents. The types of input which are allowed when inputting English units are illustrated in the table below: DECIMAL FEET

FEET-INCHES

2.2708

2’3.25” 2’3.25 2’3”1/4 2-3-1/4

1.0417

1’.5” 1’.5 1’0”1/2 1-0.5 1-0-1/2

0.0625

0.75” 0’.75 0’0”3/4 0-0.75 0-0-3/4

1.0833

1’1” 1’1 13” 0’13 1-1 1-1-0

Note

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Only the coordinates in “Offset” fields (i.e., “Length”,“DX/DY/DZ”) use architectural units. You can have AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting “Use feet-inches display format” in Tools > Model Options > Edit. Note that the feet-inches only works when the length unit is ft.

BASIC CONCEPTS AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS

MENU STRUCTURE All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the menu system. For a detailed description of the capabilities and functionality of a specific command, refer to the AutoPIPE On-line Help Menu Reference. The top menu that is displayed above the drawing area depends on the current mode of the program: The standard Menu is displayed when building or editing a model AutoPIPE can be placed in a Worksheet Mode, which displays a model’s data in spreadsheet format. Note that each of these menus has a toolbar associated with it.

TOOLBARS AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command toolbars are always docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from this location. The component and view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its position along the right and left side of the screen respectively and positioned as a “floating toolbar” in the modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply “drag” the title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize. Hint

If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a second or two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button.

HOTKEYS A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys. In AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control and then pressing a letter key. Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these hotkeys are displayed in the AutoPIPE pull-down menus next to the item it executes.

AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS Experienced users of AutoPIPE have come to appreciate the speed and efficiency with which detailed, data-rich models can be created, modified, and reviewed. If you are a novice user, it is important to understand some basic concepts of the program. Models are created from individual pipe segments Components are attached to the active point (cursor location) The piping system geometry and properties can be modified

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UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS Each piping system is divided into a number of segments. As an example, the sample model shown below contains five segments labeled A through E. Piping models are entered into the program, segment by segment. They may be extended or modified at any time by either adding more segments or changing existing ones. The segments are labeled automatically (A through E in the example). If more than twenty-six segments are entered, the additional ones are labeled AA, AB, AC and so on. Although most of the piping segment definition is handled automatically with AutoPIPE, in some circumstances it is advantageous to plan the model in advance and divide it into logical “segments” before creating the system (see ‘Rules for defining Pipe Segments’). Typically, a segment would begin and end at anchor points or a branch connection. However, as shown in Figure 2-1 on the facing page, at point D02, a pipeline may be divided into two or more contiguous segments. Whenever a tee/branch is inserted, AutoPIPE automatically assigns a new segment identifier. Each new segment begins with a different alpha character, making it easier for node numbering and easier to keep track of segments when reviewing input listings or output results. When defining a new system, AutoPIPE automatically displays the first Segment screen (the first segment is segment A). In this screen, the user must specify starting X,Y, Z coordinates of the Segment and input a Pipe identifier name. A Pipe identifier is used to assign properties. The Pipe identifier can be any name that the user wishes to use. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful name such as the first few letters of a line ID or something like 8”std (indicating 8” nominal diameter, standard schedule wall thickness) to help you keep track of pipe properties when reviewing the model. These properties will be applied to all components attached to that pipe identifier until otherwise specified by inputting a new pipe identifier name in one of the component dialogue screens. After inputting a new Pipe identifier name, the Pipe properties dialogue screen will automatically be displayed for input. For example, if you define a Pipe identifier as a 4-inch line, then all following components will default to those same properties until the user types in a new Pipe identifier name on a component dialogue. A segment can be made up of multiple pipe identifiers. Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify/Properties of Pipe Identifier (which modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it was used) or by graphical selection of a range of points and Modify/Pipe Properties Over Range. Note

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AutoPIPE makes extensive use of dialogs to obtain user input. A discussion of techniques for navigating throughout the fields of a dialog is provided later in this chapter.


Figure 2-1: Pipe Segments

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RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS A number of rules govern the definition of piping segments; they are listed as follows: 1. Each segment has a forward and backward direction and is entered as a sequence of points. AutoPIPE automatically keeps track of the local axis of the segment, making it convenient to insert intermediate points or components using the Length field. These points are automatically assigned alphanumeric names (which the user can override), with a maximum of four characters each. For example, in Figure 2-1, segment B is defined by points A03, B01, B02, B03, B04, and B05, all of which have default names. The default increment in point names is 1. This increment can be changed under Tools/Model Options/Edit. AutoPIPE can automatically renumber point names after editing using the Renumber button or Edit/Renumber. 2. Wind loads and Hydrotest can be turned on and off on a segment by segment basis, so keep that in mind when creating your model. Also, AutoPIPE provides options to view the model, graphically select, delete, or view output results on a segment by segment basis. 3. Global coordinates must be entered for the first point of the first segment (default global coordinates of Segment A is 0,0,0). AutoPIPE automatically displays the first segment screen for the user. This is point A00 in the example. Then, each point along the segment is typically located by offsets from the preceding point, until the whole segment has been defined (e.g. points A00 to A06 for segment A). 4. Subsequent segments typically begin at points which have been defined previously (point A03 in segment B is an example). These points are either branch points or continuation points (see #6 below). Since these points have already been defined, entering coordinate data for them is not necessary. 5. Although Subsequent segments typically begin or end at an existing point, this is not necessary for the program to function correctly. It is often more convenient to start a disconnected segment in space using Insert/Segment or clicking on the Segment button, typing in the name of the first point (in this case, make sure that the name of the first point on the segment is not the name of a previously defined point), and assigning the starting X,Y,Z coordinates of that new Segment. For example, it may be more convenient to define suction and discharge sections as disconnected segments without having to model the equipment (see Pump Modeling Example in AutoPIPE online help). Also, the ability to handle disconnected segments is a big advantage when importing sections from a CAD model. 6. A continuation point is established when a new segment is defined to begin at the end point of an existing segment (see point D02 in the Figure 2-1). This is typically done to divide a long length of pipe into shorter segments or to turn on and off wind loads or hydrotest on a segment by segment basis. 7. A tee branch connection point is any point which joins two or more pipe segments, and requires a multiple pipe connection (see points A03, and B05 in the Figure 2-1) such as a tee or cross. A continuation point can be made into a branch point using Modify/Convert Point to/Tee. 8. Cut and paste automatically creates a new segment.

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When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that everything at the current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.

GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT In previous versions of AutoPIPE, users would have to insert a new segment at an existing run point in order to insert a tee branch connection. With the new Tee element, this procedure is no longer required (although users can still input a tee branch by inserting a segment at a run point if desired). The Tee element automates the insertion of tees and includes the offset distance from the previous point. For example, if a user wishes to insert a tee point on a header 5 feet away from his current point (active point), he clicks on the Tee button or Insert/Tee and inputs an offset of 5 feet as well as the tee type information for stress intensification purposes. The Tee element will automatically assign a new segment once the user begins to input the branch. AutoPIPE will keep this point a tee for stress intensification, even if the user does not create a branch. In some cases, users may choose not to input small diameter vent or drain pipe branches, but still want the stress intensification factor at the tee connection point. AutoPIPE displays a graphical symbol at Tee points enabling users to visually review tee locations. Users can also click on Tee arrows to easily switch between the header and branch side of the tee. Users can convert an existing run point to a Tee using Modify/Convert point to/Tee command.

UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT After defining and inserting a segment, you’ll notice that a small crosshair appears in the drawing area. This crosshair represents the currently active point. The active point is also displayed in the status area immediately below the drawing area.

When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting a component type for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting point of the component to be inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment the point to the next value and concatenate this with the letter that defines the current segment. For example, if you are inserting a run point on Segment A that contains nothing but an anchor point, the Run Point dialog will contain the value A01 in the Name of Point field. To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The crosshairs should redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the new point as well. In a complex model, you can click on the Go To Point button and type in your desired active point AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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BASIC CONCEPTS AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS location. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the active point as described below. It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For example, in Figure 2-1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03 segment A and point A03 segment B. The active point name and segment location is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between multiple segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use the up and down arrow keys (see following section on keyboard commands).

CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD As an alternative to the mouse, the “Active Point” crosshairs can be controlled using the keyboard. KEY

TASK Move to the next point in the current segment (forward segment direction). 

Move to the previous point in the current segment (backward segment direction). When at a segment junction, move to the next segment that connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible). When at a segment junction, move to the previous segment that connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible). Move to the first point of the next segment. Move to the last point of the previous segment. Move to the next intermediate soil point for the current soil region. Move to the previous intermediate soil point for the current soil region.

MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY It is not necessary for a piping system to be defined completely in a single AutoPIPE session, because AutoPIPE allows a wide variety of additions, deletions, and changes to be made. In particular: 1. New segments can be added at any time. 2. Previously defined segments can be extended at any time. 3. Existing segments can be modified, or can be deleted and replaced. 4. A complete system, or sections of a system, can be copied within the same job or between separate jobs with automatic renumbering. 5. Components can be inserted, deleted, or modified at any time.

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BASIC CONCEPTS BASIC TASKS

Warning As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety of inconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning or error messages. However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible inconsistencies. Users must take care in making changes, and must review the changes carefully, to insure that the modified geometry and properties are correct.

BASIC TASKS This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following: Executing a command Selecting a component Inserting a component Modifying a component Deleting a component Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)

EXECUTING A COMMAND Commands can be executed in one of three ways: Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar. Select a command from the menu system Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu system. As an example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The key-in command option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely efficient method of input.

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SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS Click on it with the mouse. By clicking on the outer edge of a component, the component turns red to indicate that it is selected. If it is a two-point component such as a valve or flexible joint, the red indicates that the beginning point and end point of a two-point component have been selected. Graphically select a range of points (see following ‘Selecting a Range of Points’ section)

INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT Position the cursor on the desired point by clicking on it, then click on one of the component buttons from the toolbar. To insert an intermediate run point, or multiple run points, click on the pipe run button. Position the cursor on the insertion point, and then select the desired component from the Insert menu. Users can graphically select a range to insert across ranges of points with one command (see ‘Selecting a Range’) Place the cursor on the desired point, then use the keyboard equivalent menu commands to key-in the insertion Position the cursor over the desired button, press and hold the left mouse button, then “drag” the button off the toolbar and “drop” it onto the desired point by releasing the mouse button. This is known as the “drag and drop” technique.

MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS Use one of the techniques below to modify points or components. Using the mouse, double click on the graphical representation of the component to open its associated dialog. Double click on a point to modify point offsets. Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then right-click the component to be modified from the toolbar. Click on one of the points associated with the component, then select the component name from the Modify menu. Users can graphically select a range to modify across a range of points with one command (see ‘Selecting a Range’)

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Display the Input grids then select the appropriate grid tab and modify the value in the cell(s). Double clicking a row in the Input grids will display the Modify dialog. Note: Ctrl+Enter, Copy/Paste or Copy Down can be used to change values over multiple cells.

DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS Use one of the techniques below to delete existing points or components: Select the unwanted component with the mouse then press the Delete key on the keyboard. Select the unwanted component then press the Delete button on the command toolbar. Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then hold down the [Shift] and right-click the component to be deleted from the toolbar. Graphically select a range, then select the corresponding component name from the Delete menu to delete across an entire range of points with one command (see Selecting a Range). Select the unwanted component then select the Edit/Delete menu command. Select it with the mouse or position the active point at that location, then select the corresponding component name from the Delete menu. Select the appropriate row in the Input Grids and Press the Delete key on the keyboard. Multiple rows can be deleted at time.

Note:

SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET) Selection of ranges is a powerful tool within AutoPIPE that users should become familiar with. By graphically selecting ranges of points, users can insert, modify, or delete components, properties, loads, and other data across ranges of points with one command or graphically select points to be included in the output reports. Also, selection of ranges is required in order to graphically cut, copy, or paste. There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using buttons or the Select menu or Input Grids, users can select by a number of different criteria such as by segment, point names, component type, pipe diameter and other parameters. In addition, users can create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the Select all points in Window button to select a range. Another common method used to select a range is to click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the last point in the range. The selection set will highlight in red. This is the same technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular Windows programs.

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BASIC CONCEPTS BASIC TASKS To create a selection set that includes components that are not part of a contiguous run, use the [Ctrl] key as follows: To add more components to this set, or delete points from this set press and hold the [Ctrl] key and select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows you to select a set of components that are not continuous. Alternatively, Select/Point enables buttons that can add or subtract from the selection set on a point by point basis. The Select/Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to input “From” and “To” points inside a dialog. In any Input Grid Tab, select a group of rows or cells (same column) using [Ctrl] or [Shift] keys will highlight the selected points in red on the graphic. Note: The point symbol and names will be highlighted when selecting from the Points or Pres/Temp/PipeID Tabs. These two tabs enable selection of all points in the model. The Pres/Temp/PipeID Tab also provides a range selection up to and including the bend near or far points. All other grid Tabs will highlight the component symbol and the thermal anchor movements tab will highlight the anchor symbol on the graphic.

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I

CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

The following chapters in this Tutorial guide you through the creation of a sample AutoPIPE model. After the model is created, you will learn how to define loads, analyze the system, and produce output reports. CHAPTER 3: CREATING A NEW MODEL CHAPTER 4: MODIFYING PROPERTIES CHAPTER 5: LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS CHAPTER 6: OUTPUT REPORTS

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

3

CREATING A NEW MODEL

In this chapter you will create the first tutorial model. Before placing components in a model, you must define the associated piping code, pressure and temperature loads, starting coordinates, and other factors. These values are used after the model is constructed in the analysis of stress, operating loads, code compliance, etc. After the model properties are defined, you will route two segments and experiment with AutoPIPE’s Undo and Redo features. OVERVIEW

3-2

CREATING A NEW SYSTEM

3-3

ROUTING SEGMENT A

3-7

ROUTING SEGMENT B

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CHAPTER REVIEW

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CREATING A NEW MODEL OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW In this chapter, you will build the first of two tutorial models. Each step of the model creation process is discussed, and various model construction techniques are introduced. At the completion of this chapter, you will have built the model shown below:

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CREATING A NEW MODEL CREATING A NEW SYSTEM

CREATING A NEW SYSTEM When a new system is created, AutoPIPE automatically presents a series of dialogs that allow you to establish the piping code, pressure and temperature loads, pipe materials, and other factors. This section guides you through the completion of each of these dialogs. Note

Before beginning this exercise, you may want to create a directory on your local drive where the tutorial model can be saved.

> TO CREATE A NEW SYSTEM 1. Select File > New. 2. The New dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Type TUTOR1 in the File Name field, then press Save.

Note

By default, the file is saved in the same directory where AutoPIPE is installed. If you’d prefer, save the tutorial model in a separate directory.

3. The General Model Options dialog is automatically displayed. For the first tutorial model, let’s discuss some of these areas in detail. First, input the following values: +

Project ID: AutoPIPE Tutorial 1

+

Prepared by: {your initials}

Note

The values you input in these two fields will appear in the headers of reports that are generated on the system.

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4. AutoPIPE filters many of its dialogs based on the Piping Code to ensure code compliance and to help you properly identify various elements of the system. Select B31.3 Process from the Piping Code selection list (press the down arrow next to the field to open a list of the available codes). 5. Notice the Vertical Axis field. AutoPIPE models are constructed in three-dimensional space, which means that you must be aware of three direction vectors. By default, the vertical axis will be set to the Y-axis. However, if you’d like to customize the vector that is considered to run in the vertical plane, you could change this value. For our model, accept the Y-axis default. 6. The next field of interest is the Number of Thermal/Pressure Cases. In order to define two thermal/pressure cases for analysis, input a value of 2 in this field. 7. There are several methods for navigating within AutoPIPE dialogs. You can use the mouse to position the cursor in a field, or press Tab to jump to the next field in sequence. For example, press Tab now to jump to the Ambient Temperature field, which contains a value of 70°F {21.1°C}. After this field is highlighted, examine the status bar at the bottom of the AutoPIPE application window. The lower right hand corner will always display the units associated with the active field. In this case, the status field reads deg F. A brief glance at the Units area of the status bar will always help you to confirm the units associated with the active field. Accept the default Ambient Temperature value of 70 {21.1}. 8. Press OK to close the General Model Options dialog.

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9. The Segment dialog is automatically displayed.

The Segment dialog allows you to assign a name and starting location for the first pipe segment to be placed in the model. Accept the (0,0,0) global coordinate default for the first segment (A). The next step is to assign a Pipe Identifier to this segment. A set of pipe properties can be defined and associated with a named ID. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful pipe identifier name such as the first few letters of a line ID or a descriptive name. In our example, we will use 12”STD {300STD} to indicate a 12"{300mm} nominal, standard schedule wall thickness. Input 12"STD {300STD} in the Pipe data identifier field then press OK. 10. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Note that 12”STD {300STD} automatically appears in the Pipe Identifier field of this dialog. These properties will be associated with all components associated with the 12”STD {300STD}line.

Note

During creation of the model, you can define a new segment and give it a new Pipe Identifier. Doing so will re-display the Pipe Properties dialog for the definition of the new pipe.

11. Specify the size of the pipe by selecting 12.000 {300} from the Nominal Diameter selection list. 12. Enter 1 {25} in the Insulation Thickness field. 13. From the Insulation Material field, select Calc for calcium silicate. After the insulation material is selected, the dialog is automatically populated with insulation density values. AutoPIPE contains

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3-5

CREATING A NEW MODEL CREATING A NEW SYSTEM a list of these definitions in its default libraries. If desired, you can override these values manually. 14. From the Pipe Material field, select A106-B carbon steel type. As with the Insulation Material, AutoPIPE will automatically populate the material properties and stress allowables based on the definitions in the library. Note

If a material is requested which is not in the library, the procedure would be to select NS (for Non-Standard), then define the material property values manually.

15. Press OK to close the Pipe Properties dialog. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is automatically displayed. Note that two columns are available for input in this dialog. This is because you entered “2” in the Number of Thermal/Pressure cases field (from the General Model Options dialog). Input 350 (psi) {2.4 n/mm2} in the Case 1 Pressure field, then Tab to the Case 1 temperature and input 20 °F {-5° C}. After the Case 1 Pressure/Temperature values have been specified, Tab to define the values for Case 2. Input a Case 2 Pressure of 350 {2.4} and a temperature of 550 {285}.

16. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 17. The properties of the system and starting segment have now been defined. Notice that a marker ( + ) has been placed at the (0,0,0) starting point named A00.

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A

ROUTING SEGMENT A Now that the system and pipe properties have been defined, you can begin placing components on Segment A. After completing this section, you will have created the section of the model shown below.

ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE You will begin this system by inserting an anchor element. An anchor restrains the pipe in all 3 translational and all 3 rotational directions. 1. Select Insert > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog. 2. Press OK to accept the defaults and place a rigid anchor with no thermal movements. The next component will be an elbow. An elbow (bend) is a unique component in AutoPIPE because it must be offset a specified distance from an existing point, and because the orientation of the bend is determined by the location of the next component placed in the model. The user specifies the distance from the previous point to the tangent intersection point (TIP) of the bend

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3-7

CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A (see graphic below). After the TIP is known, the orientation of the elbow is determined by the subsequent component.

3. Select Insert > Bend to place the elbow. The Bend dialog is displayed as shown below.

4. You will place this elbow 10’ 3 ½” {3100mm}from the anchor point in the Z-direction. AutoPIPE allows you to input architectural units. Tab twice to the DZ field and then input 10’3”1/2 {3100} as shown above. (An equivalent entry would be 10-3-1/2). Tab to advance the cursor to the next field. Notice that the Length field is updated automatically, and converts the feet/inches format to decimal units. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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5. Select Insert > Bend to place a second elbow.

6. Tab twice to the DY-Offsets field and enter 10 {3000} to indicate a 10 foot {3000mm} vertical offset dimension to the tangent intersection point. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Note that the first elbow is now drawn, while the second elbow is not. This is because the second elbow is still awaiting the definition of a new point in order to properly orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Also, AutoPIPE automatically placed a run of pipe between the anchor and the first bend.

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A 7. Select View > Solid Model View to display a three-dimensional view of the model as shown below. Notice that a pipe segment exists between the anchor and the bend at point A01.

8. Select Insert > Run to create a new run point. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

9. Tab once to the DX-Offsets field and enter – 3 {-900} to create a new run point 3 feet {900mm} from the TIP of the second bend in the -X direction. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

10. The next step is to insert a reducer at point A03. Select Insert > Reducer to display the dialog shown below. 3-10

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11. Enter 9" {225} (note the use of the inch symbol here) in the Length field. Note that the length field keeps track of the local axis, saving you from having to type DX, DY, DZ offsets. Again, once you Tab to advance the cursor, AutoPIPE automatically converts the Imperial units (9”) to the decimal equivalent (0.75). 12. Since a reducer always has a different pipe property on the other end, you need to input a new pipe identifier name to assign properties. Input 8"STD {200STD} in the Pipe Identifier field, and then press OK. 13. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

14. Select 8.00 {200} from the Nominal Diameter selection list, and then press OK to accept the remaining pipe property values. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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15. Next, you will insert a valve beginning at node A04 at the far point of the reducer. Select Insert > Valve to open the Valve dialog shown below.

16. In this example, you will allow the weight and length of the valve to be extracted from AutoPIPE's valve database. Accept the default GATE-F valve and select a Pressure Rating of 300 as shown above. Notice that valve length and weight are automatically filled in from the database (the valve properties from the AutoPIPE database can be overridden). Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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17. There are several zooming controls provided by AutoPIPE. To zoom into the valve to examine it in detail, click PT1 as shown in the figure above, and then press and hold the mouse window and “drag” the cursor to define the opposite corner (PT2 in the figure above). A dotted line defines the perimeter of the viewing window. Click the Windowed Zoom button on the toolbar (or right-click with the mouse) to zoom into the defined area. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

18. Notice that the valve requires a flange connection. To add flanges to both ends of the valve with one command, you will first select the entire component. Click along the outer edge of the valve to select and highlight it.

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A 19. Select Insert > Flange to display the Flange dialog.

20. Accept the default SLIP-ON Flange type. From the Pressure Rating list, select 300. In the Connection to pipe, select Slip-On from the Joint End Type drop-down list. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults. AutoPIPE's flange database is used for the definition of flange weights. Flanges are placed on both sides of the valve as shown in the graphic below.

21. Select View > All. The extents of the model are displayed as shown in the following figure.

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ADDING A TEE Now you will add a tee to this section of the line and finish Segment A. Later in this chapter you will create a second segment that begins at the branch of the tee. 1. Click on point A05 at the open end of the valve/flange combination to make it the active point. 2. You will now specify new pressure/temperature loading conditions starting at point A05. Select Insert > Pressure & Temperature. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.

3. Input the following values: Case 1

Case 2

Pressure

300 {2.0}

300 {2.0}

Temperature

10 {-10}

250 {12.0}

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A 4. Tab once and notice that the stress allowable is updated automatically. Press OK to close the dialog. 5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.

Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of the valve and flange may need to be updated). 6. Next you will insert a tee from this point. Select Insert > Tee to display the Tee Point dialog.

7. Click the Length field and enter 4 feet {1200}. The Tee element automatically inserts a 4 foot {1200 mm} run of pipe and prompts the user to input tee information for stress intensification purposes. 8. Select Welding from Type of Tee selection list. The crotch fields are displayed for the welding tee. Keep the Consider crotch radius and thickness to use 4.4*T/r option disabled. Note

The tee types that appear in this list are filtered by AutoPIPE according to the piping code associated with the model. AutoPIPE will automatically compute stress intensification factors (SIF) for each type based on values stored in the component libraries. Select Other from the tee-type list to input user-specified in-plane and out-of-plane SIF's for nonstandard branch connections.

9. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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10. Note that a graphic represents the placement of the tee without completing it. Like the Bend symbol, which required a downstream point to orient the elbow, the tee can only be oriented after its branch location is specified. Later in this chapter you will route components off this branch to create Segment B. Note

In some cases, users may want to input a tee symbol for SIF purposes without specifying the branch.

11. Select View/ All to view the extents of the model. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT In this section, AutoPIPE’s custom view controls are introduced, and a pipe run and anchor are added to the model to complete Segment A. Because AutoPIPE models are three-dimensional, a variety of viewing controls has been provided to allow you to view the model from different perspectives. One method of changing the view includes the set of controls shown below.

1. Press the Rotate Left icon seven times. 2. Next, press Rotate Up six times. The graphic representation appears as shown in the following figure.

3. Note the control panel on the bottom of the model window. As an alternative to the icons, you can interactively pan the model by selecting a point in the modeling area, holding the mouse button down, and “dragging” the model to the desired view. For example, select a point and drag it to the

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial


right to “pan” the model. When the graphic is displayed as shown in the following figure, release the mouse button.

Hint

As with the rotation technique mentioned above, you can gain quick access to the PAN feature by right-clicking in the model area. The PAN icon appears. Click and hold the left mouse button to drag the model to a new area of the screen.

4. Press OK to close the Zoom panel (or double-click with the mouse). The 3D model now appears as shown in the following figure.

5. Now let’s complete the pipe segment. Select Insert > Run.

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT A 6. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

7. Input 17 {5000} in the Length field, and then press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

8. Select Insert > Anchor. 9. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. 10. Select View > Default to return to the initial view of the model. Select File > Save. The completed view of Segment A is shown below.

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3-21

CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT B

ROUTING SEGMENT B In this section of the tutorial you will create a second segment (B), which branches off the tee at point A06. During the creation of this segment, some of the techniques that can be used as alternatives to traditional placement methods discussed previously will be introduced. You will also review the use of AutoPIPE’s powerful Undo and Redo commands.

ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT 1. Select the branch arrow near point A06 to indicate that you want to begin routing components from this branch. Point A06 and the branch arrow are highlighted red.

2. Select Insert > Run.

3. Input – 10 {-3000} in the DZ offset field. 4. Input 8”STD53 {200STD53} in the Pipe data Identifier field. Press OK to close the dialog. 5. AutoPIPE recognizes that 8”STD53 {200STD53} has not been previously defined and automatically displays the Pipe Properties dialog.

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6. Select A53-B as the Pipe Material, and then press OK to close the dialog. AutoPIPE automatically updates the Cold Allowable and pipe properties for the newly selected material. 7. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default values. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

Earlier in this chapter you placed an elbow using the Insert > Bend command. An alternative method is to simply route two perpendicular pipe runs, and then convert the intersecting point to an elbow. This method is demonstrated below. 1. Select Insert > Run.

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2. Enter 6 {2000} in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field. 3. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice how the two pipe runs are connected at point B01. Obviously, a bend is required at this location.

4. Select point B01 to make it active. 5. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Bend. An elbow is placed at the junction between the two pipe runs as shown in the graphic below.

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EDITING CONTROLS In this section you will review some of AutoPIPE’s editing controls. During this section of the tutorial you will create and delete points, modify coordinates, etc., in order to demonstrate the powerful editing commands in your toolbox. 1. Pick point B02 to continue routing Segment B from that point. 2. Select Insert > Run. 3. Press OK to accept the defaults and create a new run point 6 feet {2000mm} from B02 in the +Y direction. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

4. Since a straight pipe run exists between B01 and B03, you really don’t need point B02. Select point B02 to make it active, then delete the point using one of the following methods: +

Select the Delete button on the toolbar

+

Press the Delete key on the keyboard

+

Select Delete > Point

+

Select Delete > Run

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT B 5. A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press Yes to delete the point. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

6. Now let’s delete the entire segment. Ensure that Segment B is displayed in the status bar, and then select Delete > Segment. When the confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to remove it. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

7. Because AutoPIPE retains a history of the commands you have performed, you can choose to Undo or Redo certain actions. For example, select Edit > Undo. The deleted segment is restored as shown in the following figure.

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1. Select Edit > Undo again and the intermediate point B02 is restored as shown in the following figure

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT B 2. Select Edit > Undo twice more to remove point B03, then to undo the Convert to Bend command we performed earlier. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

3. Select Edit > Redo to re-convert the point to an elbow. The graphic appears as shown in the following figure.

4. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.

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CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS In this section you will create intermediate points on Segment A, and use AutoPIPE’s Copy and Paste commands to place copies of Segment B at the new points. 1. Select the tee arrow near point A06 that lies between the tee and the anchor at point A07.

2. Select Insert > Run. 3. The Run Point dialog is displayed. Previously, you defined new points in this dialog. In this case, you will generate 2 new points along the existing run. In the Generate Points field, input 2. Tab to the next field and notice that AutoPIPE automatically updates the length and offset fields. Press OK.

Note

By default, AutoPIPE will generate equally spaced intermediate points. You can override the default by specifying a value in the Offsets field.

4. Two points are inserted in the model between the tee at point A06 and the anchor at point A07. Notice that the points from the tee to the anchor are no longer numbered sequentially. This is because the intermediate points were generated after the anchor point. To renumber the points, select Edit > Renumber > All Points. The points are now numbered sequentially as shown in the following figure.

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5. Now that you have two intermediate points along Segment A, you can place new components at those locations. This exercise will demonstrate the ability to copy entire component assemblies. The first step is to select the components to copy. Choose Select > Segment. 6. The control dialog shown below is displayed. Pick any point on Segment B and note that “B” now appears in the Select segments to add field, and that Segment B is highlighted.

7. Select Edit > Copy. 8. The control dialog now prompts for the base point as shown in the following figure. Select the tee at point A06 and then press OK to close the control bar.

9. Segment B has now been copied to the clipboard, where it is stored in memory for Paste operations. Choose Select > Clear to clear the highlighted points. Hint

You can also clear a range by picking any single point in the model.

10. The next step is to specify the point(s) where the copied segment should be placed. Pick point PT1 shown in the graphic below, press and hold the mouse button, then “drag” to point PT2 and release. A dotted box should appear around points A08 and A07 as shown in the graphic below. 3-30

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11. Choose Select > Range. The section of pipe between A07 and A08 is highlighted. 12. Select Edit > Paste. The Paste dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and place the copied segment at points A07 and A08. 13. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure. Notice that the copied segments were assigned unique Segment names (C and D), and that all the points in the model are unique.

14. Select File > Save.

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SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING In this section you will learn how to re-position and re-scale existing segments. 1. Earlier we demonstrated how to use the Select Segment command. You can also manually select a segment by selecting a range that encompasses all the points. Pick point A07, then hold down the Shift key and pick point C02. Segment C is highlighted as shown in the following figure.

2. Select Edit > Scale. The Scale dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

3. Tab twice to the Z Factor field and enter - 1 to specify that the selected range should be moved to the opposite Z-axis. 4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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5. Segment C should still be highlighted. You are now going to add Segment A to the selection set and move Segments A and C in the Z direction. Doing so will automatically cause the length of the connecting segments to stretch. With Segment C still highlighted, press the Ctrl key on your keyboard and select the anchor at point A00. After selecting the point, press the Shift key and select the anchor at the opposite end of the segment at point A09. Segments A and C should now be highlighted as shown in the following figure.

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CREATING A NEW MODEL ROUTING SEGMENT B 6. Select Edit > Move/Stretch. 7. The Move/Stretch dialog is displayed.

In this dialog you will specify that the selected range is to be moved 6 feet {2000mm} in the Z direction. Tab twice to the DZ field and input 6 {2000} as shown above. Press OK to close the dialog. 8. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice that the cutlengths along segments B and D automatically stretched along with the selection that was moved.

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9. Select Edit > Undo to return the selected range to the previous position. Select Edit > Undo again return Segment C to the opposite side of the main pipe run. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

10. Choose Select > Clear to clear the selection set. 11. Now we will demonstrate how selection sets can be used to insert multiple components simultaneously. Previously, we created a selection set that defined a range of components. In this exercise, you will create a selection set of points. Select Select > Point. The control dialog shown below is displayed.

12. With the control dialog displayed, select the following points: D02, C02, B02. All three point names are highlighted. 13. Select Insert > Anchor. 14. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults, an anchor will be placed at each of the selected points. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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INSERTING A SUPPORT In this exercise you will add a run point near the bend at point A02 and insert a support at that location. 1. First, zoom into the area around the bend at point A02.

2. Before adding a support, you need to add a run point where the support will be placed. Pick point A02 to make it the active point, and then select Insert > Run. 3. The Run Point dialog is displayed.

Input 2 feet {600} in the Length field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. The new point A10 is inserted in the model as shown in the following figure.

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4. Select Insert > Support. 5. The Support dialog is displayed. Select Guide from the Support Type field. The dialog is filtered to provide fields related to the definition of a Guide Support.

6. Input the following values:

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+

Gap Left: 0.4

+

Gap Right: 0.6

+

Friction Coefficient: 0.3 (pipe friction on the support)


7. Press OK to close the dialog. The support is inserted into the model as shown in the following figure.

8. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points to renumber the points sequentially. 9. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.


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CREATING A NEW MODEL CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter we introduced several modeling techniques which were used in the construction of a model. Before continuing, please review the following concepts, which were introduced in this chapter.

3-40

+

Piping Codes: Each model in AutoPIPE must be associated with a specific Piping Code. AutoPIPE will automatically generate component and material options during operation of the program based on the selected piping code. The code is also used in code compliance calculations.

+

Pipe Properties: Every object placed in a model is associated with a particular set of pipe properties. These properties are initially defined during the creation of a new system, but can be modified at any point during the design process.

+

Bend Placement: Bends require a unique placement procedure. First, the user specifies a tangent intersection point (TIP). This is the location where two perpendicular pipe runs would intersect, and does not indicate an actual physical point on the bend itself. After the TIP is specified, the user must specify the location of the next component or point. The downstream/next point helps to orient the elbow in three-dimensional space.

+

Flange Insertion: Flanges may be inserted on both sides of a component (i.e., a valve) with a single command. Highlight the desired component, then select Insert/Flange. After completing the dialog, flanges will be placed on both sides of the selected component.

+

Tee Insertion: Like elbows, tees rely on the placement of a connecting component in order to orient it properly. Before the branch can be oriented, a run point or component must be routed off the branch end of the tee. To route off a tee branch, select the arrow graphic associated with the tee, then select the desired point or component placement command.

+

Zoom Controls: AutoPIPE provides a variety of commands for controlling the display of the model. The Zoom controls are available in the View pull-down menu, and on a special set of toolbar buttons. A zoom control panel appears on the bottom of the application window, and the model is displayed as a wireframe graphic. Use the commands in the menu or toolbar, or interactively pan, zoom, and rotate the model using the keyboard commands listed on the control bar.

+

Converting a Point: Intersecting points on pipe runs can be converted to a bend or a tee. The process is to first route the pipe runs, then select the intersection point and execute the appropriate Modify/Convert Point to command. Existing points can also be converted to run points using the Modify/Convert Point to/Run command.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING A NEW MODEL CHAPTER REVIEW +

Intermediate Points: Points can be added along an existing pipe run. The process is to first select a starting point, then select Insert/Run. When the Run Point dialog appears, specify the desired quantity of intermediate points in the Generate Points field. By default, the new point(s) will be equally spaced between the active point and the next downstream point.

+

Renumbering Points: When inserting new points along an existing run, the point names will no longer be numbered sequentially along the segment (assuming the default naming scheme was utilized). To correct this, use the Edit/Renumber commands.

+

Copy/Pasting a Range: Ranges of components can be copied and pasted to facilitate the modeling process. First select the range, then select Edit/Copy. The selected range is copied to the Windows clipboard. You can now select a point in the model and paste the copied elements to a new location. AutoPIPE will automatically assign unique point names to the copied component set.

+

Moving/Stretching: AutoPIPE allows you to easily re-position components in the model. Select the range, then select Edit/Move/Stretch. Input the new coordinates in the dialog. The cutlengths of components attached to the re-positioned range will be updated automatically and all connections will remain intact.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the next chapter you will modify the pipe properties of existing elements, and learn how to interactively review the pressure and temperature values assigned to different parts of the model.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING A NEW MODEL CHAPTER REVIEW

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4

MODIFYING PROPERTIES

In this chapter you will modify some of the existing pipe properties from the dialog and Input Grids separately. You will learn how to modify the properties of an existing identifier and how to select a range of components based on the associated Pipe ID. Later in the chapter, you will modify and interactively review pressure and temperature loads and demonstrate the use of the Point Properties information dialog. OVERVIEW

4-2

USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES

4-2

USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES

4-8

GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS

4-13

REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES

4-17

CHAPTER REVIEW

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4-1

MODIFYING PROPERTIES OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW In the first part of this chapter, you will create a copy of the model completed at the end of Chapter 3, and then use that copy to learn how to modify existing pipe properties using the menu dialog method. In the second part of the chapter, you will use the original Tutorial1 model and perform the same modifications to the model using the Input Grids. The remainder of the chapter may then be completed using this model.

USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES > MAKE A COPY OF THE TUTORIAL MODEL 1. Open the TUTOR1.DAT model if not open already. 2. Select File > Save As > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). 3. Input TUTOR1_Menu_Method in the File Name field and then press Save. You will use this model for the first part of this chapter.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER By editing the properties associated with a Pipe ID, you can modify the attributes of all components associated with that ID. The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified with the Modify > Properties of Pipe Identifier command. After executing this command, simply select the desired Pipe ID then modify values in the Pipe Properties dialog. The procedure is provided below. 1. Select Modify > Properties of Pipe Identifier. The Pipe Identifier dialog is displayed.

2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 12"STD {300STD}, then press OK. 3. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Input a new Pipe Identifier name of 10"STD {250STD}. By typing in a new name, the properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined.

4. From the Nominal Diameter field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250}. Press OK to retain the remaining properties. Hint

Users do not necessarily have to change the name of a pipe identifier in order to change the properties, but it is often helpful to do so in order to remember pipe properties of a given identifier.

SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by using the Shift and Ctrl keyboard keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you will learn how to create a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES 1. Choose Select > Pipe Property Points. 2. The Select Pipe Property Points dialog is displayed.

3. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD53 {200STD53}, then press OK to close the dialog. Note

In this example, a Pipe ID was specified to create the selection set. However, note that options are available for creating a selection set based on Diameter, Schedule, Wall Thickness or Pipe Material. The ability to select components based on pipe properties allows the user to quickly implement design changes.

MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE Now that you have created a selection set, you can modify the pipe properties of every component in the range. 1. Select Modify > Pipe Properties Over Range. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. 2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD. An alert dialog is immediately displayed. By specifying an existing Pipe ID, you are telling AutoPIPE that you want to replace the

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properties of the selection set with those defined in the 8”STD {200STD} Pipe Identifier. Press OK to close the dialog and apply the changes.

3. A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press No to accept the default updating of allowables.

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MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS In previous exercises you modified the pipe properties of selected components. In this section you will learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads. 1. Manually create a selection set from A00 to A05. Pick point A00, hold down the Shift key, and then select point A05. The range is highlighted as shown in the following figure.

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2. Select Modify > Pressure & Temperature.

3. Click in the Case 2/Pressure field to highlight the 350 {2.4} value. Modify this value by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6}. 4. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.

6. Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of the valve and flange may need to be updated).

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4-7

MODIFYING PROPERTIES USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES

USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES In this section, you will reload the model in its state at the completion of Chapter 3, and learn how to use the input grids to perform the same set of tasks completed in the previous sections of this chapter. File > Open the TUTOR1.dat AutoPIPE Model now.

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified using the Input Grids/Pipe Properties tab. After executing this Edit > Grids command, simply go to the desired Pipe ID then modify values on that grid row. The procedure is provided below. 1. Select Edit > Grids and then click on the Pipe Properties tab.

2. Select 12"STD {300STD} under the PipeID column, then type the new name 10"STD {250STD}. The properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined. 3. From the Nominal field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250} and press the Tab key. 4. The Pipe Properties grid changes as below with the 12”STD {300STD} replacing the 10”STD {250STD} pipe identifier.

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SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by using the Shift and Ctrl keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you'll learn how to create a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties. 1. Select row for Pipe Identifier 8"STD53 {200STD53} in the grid as shown below.

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Note

4-10

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The Input Grids / Pipe Properties tab can used to easily create a selection for a single pipe identifier.


MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS (INPUT GRIDS) In this section you will learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads using the Pres/Temp/PipeID grid tab. 1. Click on the Pres/Temp/PipeID grid tab. 2. Select the values in the Case 2 Pres column for points A00 to A05. You can easily select these values using either of two methods. Click on the 350 {2.4} Case 2 Pres value in row A00, then press and hold Shift as you click on the 350{2.4} value in the Case 2 Pres column for row A05, OR click to the left of 350 {2.4} in the Case 2 Pres column for row A00, then hold left mouse button down and drag down to the value in row A05. The range is highlighted as shown in the following figure.

3. Modify the values in the selected cells by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6 n/mm2}and pressing Ctrl+Enter.

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4. The pressure in case 2 for range A00 to A05 has now been updated from 350 {2.4} to 370 psi {2.6 n/mm2}.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS

GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS Now that you have learned how to modify temperature and pressure loads using the menu and input grid methods, you will learn how to graphically review these temperature and pressure loads. 1. Select View > Show > Pressure. Select operating loadcase 1 and press OK. The shortcut for the View > Show > Pressure command is Ctrl + U.

A color-coded representation of the model is displayed. Note the legend that appears in the left margin of the drawing area. Two P1 load cases are defined as shown in the following figure:

2. Now let’s take a look at Pressure Case P2. Select View > Show > Pressure or Press Ctrl + U again to review the second set of pressure cases. The Show Pressure dialog comes up. Select operating loadcase 2 and press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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3. When a keyboard shortcut is available, it is displayed next to the associated menu command. For example, the shortcut for the View > Show >Temperature command is Ctrl + T.

Command Shortcuts (if shown) are displayed to the right of the menu command

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4. Press Ctrl + T now to view the T1 loads defined in the model. The show temperature dialog will come up. Select the defaults, (All) for operating loadcase and (All) for temperature value as shown in the following figure:

This will allow you to scroll to other temperature cases by repeating Ctrl + T or clicking the toolbar button. When you press OK, the temperature case 1 will be shown as follows:

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4-15

MODIFYING PROPERTIES GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS 5. Press Ctrl + T again to review T2.

6. File > Save to save the model.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES

REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES In the previous section you reviewed ways to view the model’s pressure and temperature load values. In this section, you will learn how to view information about a specific point in the model. An information dialog may be opened which displays properties, loads, and coordinates for a selected point. You can toggle through the points while leaving the information window open. 1. Select View > Point Properties. Hint

To quickly access the Point Properties window, press F3 on the keyboard.

2. The Point Properties information window appears as shown in the following figure.

3. The Point Properties information dialog can be left open while working with a model to provide continuous feedback on the selected point. This dialog can also move outside the main application window (provided the AutoPIPE application is not maximized to full window size). Place the cursor in the title bar of the dialog, then press and hold the mouse button and “drag” it outside the main modeling area as shown in the following figure. Leave this window open to view additional point information.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES 4. Pick point A08 to display its point properties.

5. Pick point A01N to display its point properties.

Note

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The TIP of the bend is A01. Bends also have two other points defined for the near (N) and far (F) sides of the bend. Thus, A01 N is the near point of the bend on the side closest to the anchor at point A00.

MODIFYING PROPERTIES REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES

6. In addition to picking points in the model for review, you can also use the cursor keys to move from point to point. The information dialog will update as the cursor advances to each new point. For example, press the left arrow to review the data associated with point A00.

7. Press the right arrow cursor key several times and note how the information dialog is updated for each of the points. 8. You can also use the keyboard to “jump” the cursor to a different segment. Press Page Up and notice that the starting point of Segment B, A07, is now highlighted. The left and right arrow keys can now be used to review the properties of points along Segment B. 9. Press F3 to close the information dialog. 10. Select File > Save to save the model.

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MODIFYING PROPERTIES CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW +

Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier: Use the Modify/Pipe ID command to modify the properties of an existing pipe identifier. A dialog is presented from which you can select one of the predefined IDs. After selecting the ID, AutoPIPE will recall the associated Pipe Properties dialog. Modify values inside this dialog, then press OK to close the dialog and update the properties of all components assigned to this ID. Alternatively select the Input Grids/Pipe Properties TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any one of the pipe identifiers in one location.

+

Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier: The Select/Pipe Property Points command allows you to create a selection set of components assigned to a particular Pipe ID. After the command is executed, select the desired ID from the dialog, and then press OK. All components assigned to that ID are highlighted.

+

Modifying Pipe Properties Across Range: Pipe properties can be modified across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute the Modify/Pipe Properties over Range command.

+

Modifying Pressure & Temperature Loads: Pressures and/or temperatures can be modified across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute the Modify/Pressure & Temperature command. Alternatively select the Input Grids/ Pres/Temp/PipeID TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any range of pressure and temperature values for any load case.

+

Graphically Reviewing Loads: The View/Show commands allow you to interactively review various load information in your model. A legend will appear to the left of the main modeling area, and a color-coded plot of the loads is produced.

+

Reviewing Point Properties: A Point Properties information dialog may be displayed by selecting View/Point Properties. A floating information window opens to display information about the selected (active) point. You can view other point information by selecting a new point with the keyboard or by using the cursor keys to scroll through the points on a selected segment. To “jump” between segments, use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the next chapter we’ll assign loads to the model, run an analysis, and interactively review the results. You will then modify the design to satisfy code compliance, and re-run the analysis to confirm the final design is in range.

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5

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS

In this chapter you will assign various loads to the system. After the loads are defined, we’ll run a static analysis and review the results. You will learn how to graphically review code stress and user load combinations results. At the end of the chapter we’ll implement a design change to satisfy code compliance requirements. OVERVIEW

5-2

ASSIGNING LOADS

5-2

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

5-7

GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES

5-8

DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS

5-12

USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS

5-13

MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS

5-14

INTERACTIVE REVIEW

5-17

DESIGN CHANGE

5-19

CHAPTER REVIEW

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5-1

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW AutoPIPE provides powerful analysis tools to help you analyze the effects of different loads on your system. Analysis is a three-step process: First, you must assign the loads in your system. Secondly, you must perform the analysis and specify which loads are to be considered during the analysis. The third step is to review the results in order to determine compliance. This chapter covers all three steps in the stress analysis process, as well as the process of revising the model after the analysis in order to satisfy code compliance.

ASSIGNING LOADS A variety of different loads can be specified in a model. This section demonstrates how to insert concentrated, thermal, and earthquake loads.

DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD In this section you will add a concentrated force at bend point A02 N. 1. Using the techniques described in previous chapters, create the zoom window shown below. Use View > Show/ > Reset to disable showing temperature plot.

2. Define the zoom area as shown above, and then press the Windowed Zoom icon. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS ASSIGNING LOADS

3. The Concentrated Force icon is located in the Component toolbar to the right of the modeling area. Position the cursor over this icon, hold down the mouse button, and then “drag” it over to point A02 N. Finally, release the mouse button and "drop" it to assign the load to that point.

Note

The use of the "drag and drop" technique is not compulsory. You could just as easily have selected A02 N to make it the active point, then selected Insert Insert > Xtra data > Concentrated Force; or simply clicked once on the icon.

4. The Concentrated Force dialog is displayed. You must associate the concentrated load with a load case. In this example, you will assume the load to be an occasional load (i.e., from a relief valve opening) so that AutoPIPE will automatically combine it properly for piping code stress calculations. Select U1 from the Load case to combine with field. 5. Input - 250 lb. {-100} kg in the Z Forces field.

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6. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A concentrated force symbol is placed at point A02 N to indicate that a load has been applied at that point. 7. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown below.

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial


ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS 1. Double click the Anchor at point A00 to modify it. Note

In most cases, simply double-click any component to open its associated modification dialog. Another method would be to select the component, then select the associated command from the Modify menu.

2. Assume that the anchor at A00 represents a connection to a vessel that experiences thermal growth. Instead of building the entire vessel using pipe elements, we will specify thermal displacements for each thermal load case in the Anchor dialog. Input the following values in the Thermal Anchor Movement section of the dialog:

Note

T1 DY

- 0.1 {-2.5}

(inches) {mm}

T2 DY

0.6 {15.0}

(inches) {mm}

T2 RZ

2

(degrees rotation)

Imposed displacements associated with load cases other than thermal can be input using the Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Support Displacement command. This feature enables the user to simulate anchor and support displacements for equipment settlement or displacement due to wind, seismic, or fluid transient loads.

3. Press OK to close the dialog and apply the loads.

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5-5


ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS 1. Select Load > Static Earthquake. The Static Earthquake dialog is displayed.

2. Since we do not know what direction the earthquake may come from, it is generally accepted practice to analyze loads coming from at least two different horizontal directions. Input 2 in the Number of earthquake load cases field. 3. Input the following values: Case E1 X

0.25

g

Case E2 Z

0.25

g

4. Press OK to close the dialog. Note

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AutoPIPE also has options to analyze earthquake loads using response spectrum or time history dynamic analysis.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS Now that the model contains defined loads, we can perform a static analysis on the system. 1. Select Analyze > Static. The Static Load Cases dialog is displayed. Warning In this instance, there is a slight difference between using the menu command Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon . The icon will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog. To ensure that your settings match those required by this tutorial, select Analyze > Static from the menu rather than using the toolbar icon.

2. Enable Earthquake cases E1 and E2. Note

Throughout this tutorial, the term "enable" is used to denote instances where you should place a check mark in an option field. "Enabled" fields contain a checkmark, while "disabled" fields have no check mark.

3. Enable User load case U1. Enabling this field will allow us to analyze the concentrated load U1, which you previously defined at point A02 N. 4. Ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option is enabled. Since gaps and friction values were input for the guide support, AutoPIPE must run a nonlinear analysis. If this option is disabled, the Nonlinear Analysis dialog (see Step 7) will not be displayed. 5. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 6. The Nonlinear Analysis dialog is displayed.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

5-7

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES

7. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. 8. A Static Analysis progress dialog is displayed (times vary depending on the processing speed of your system). After the analysis is complete, press OK to close the status dialog.

GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES AutoPIPE provides a number of options for reviewing code stresses. The most commonly used option is the default stress ratio comparing the calculated stress to the stress allowable. 1. Select Result > Code Stresses. 2. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed.

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3. Press OK to accept the defaults. 4. A color-coded plot of stress ratios between piping points is displayed. A legend appears to the left of the model area, making it easy to quickly identify ranges of values along a piping system. As with the other interactive options in the Result menu, the crosshairs can also be positioned at any point to calculate the code stress data associated with an individual point. Hint

Drag the information dialog to the side of the modeling area. Doing so will allow you to view both the model and the data associated with selected points.

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5. Toolbar buttons are available for navigating from the least stressed to the most stressed points. The controls are shown below. Experiment with these buttons and note how the information dialog is updated with the new point information. Least Stressed Previous Stressed

Next Stressed Most Stressed

6. In addition to the VCR-type controls shown above, you can also pick on a point to display its associated stress data. Pick point C01 N (the near point of the bend on Segment C). The information dialog is updated.

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7. Press Cancel to close the information dialog and complete the stress review. 8. Select File/Save.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS

DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS In this section we'll review the load combinations that were defined in the previous chapter. 1. Select Tools > Display Combinations. 2. The information dialog is re-displayed, this time containing point information related to loads and load combinations.

3. As you can see, AutoPIPE has automatically combined loads for calculation of piping code stresses. The Non-Code Comb category is for operating combinations to analyze nozzle loads, support loads, deflections, etc. The default is for the user to combine these loads manually since different users have different requirements. AutoPIPE provides an option to automatically combine Non-Code Comb loads under Tools/Model options/Results command. Note

The “Non-Code” combination sets, also known as user-defined non-code combinations, are the focus of the next section.

4. Press OK to close the dialog.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS

USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS 1. Select Tools > User-Defined Combinations > Non-Code. 2. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed. Input GR+T1+E1 in the Combination name field (be sure the input does not contain spaces between characters).

Hint

The combination name is not specific, and you can input any identifier you wish. However, you should choose a meaningful name since the combination name in this field is how the combination will be listed in the output reports.

3. Select 1 Sum from the Combination method field. 4. Select the following to create an operating load combination to consider Gravity (dead weight) combined with thermal and earthquake loads: (first)

Case/Comb:

GR

(second)

Case/Comb:

T1

(third)

Case/Comb:

E1

5. Notice that the Factor area of the dialog. In some cases, the structural department may require that piping loads be factored before they can be used as part of the structural analysis. This area permits load factoring while defining user-defined combinations. Tab once to the Factor field adjacent to the E1 Case/Comb, then enter 1.4. Hint

Another application for the load factor may be to consider the earthquake load coming from the opposite direction. Entering a negative value can do this.

6. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK button to accept the values.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS

MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS In this section we will define several additional user-defined non-code combinations to be included in the output results. Each combination is specified in the User Non-Code Combinations dialog. The Gr+T1 and Gr+T2 non-code combinations are generated as default combinations GT1 and GT2 as shown on page 5-10 so are not required to be manually defined. 1. Select Tools > User-Defined Combinations > Non-Code. 2. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

3. Input the following: Combination Name

GR+T1+E2

Combination Method

1 Sum

Case/Comb (1)

GR

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (2)

T1

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (3)

E2

Factor

1.4

4. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS

5. Select Tools > User-Defined Combinations > Non-Code. 6. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

7. Input the following: Combination Name

GR+T2+E1

Combination Method

1 Sum

Case/Comb (1)

GR

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (2)

T2

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (3)

E1

Factor

1.4

8. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 9. Select Tools > User-Defined Combinations > Non-Code. 10. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS 11. Enter the following: Combination Name

GR+T2+E2

Combination Method

1 Sum

Case/Comb (1)

GR

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (2)

T2

Factor

1.0

Case/Comb (3)

E2

Factor

1.4

12. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 13. Now that the user-defined non-code combinations are defined, let’s re-open the Code Combinations dialog and confirm the set. Select Tools > Display Combinations. 14. The Combinations dialog is displayed. Confirm that your dialog contains the same set of combinations as shown in the dialog below.

The User Non-Code combinations are listed here

15. Press OK to close this dialog.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS INTERACTIVE REVIEW

INTERACTIVE REVIEW Now that we have a number of user-defined loads in the model, we can view the results for varying code combinations. As already demonstrated, AutoPIPE allows you to view information about any point in the drawing. This ability also applies to viewing displacement, forces & moments, and other types of results. 1. A Single Line view of the model is ideal for viewing point related information. Select View > Single Line View. The model appears as shown below.

2. Select Result > Displacement. 3. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed.

4. Select GR+T2+E2 from the Load Combination field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. A deflected shape plot of the model is displayed as shown below.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS INTERACTIVE REVIEW

The red line is a scaled representation of the deflections. This line can be used to illustrate points of concern.

5. Pick point A01 N to review actual deflections at that point. 6. Move the displacement dialog to the side of the modeling area so that you can see both the point information and the model. Press the Pg Up key several times to scroll through displacement results from different loads and load combinations. Notice the level of information available in the dialog. Note

The toolbar buttons that look like “VCR” controls can also be used to navigate through the load combinations. These buttons can be used to see deflected shapes of other loads prior to clicking on a point. Once the Point A01N is selected, these keys emulate the Page Up and Page Down keys.

7. Select Result > Force & Moment. 8. The information window now displays Forces and Moments information about the selected point. 9. Pick point A00 to view the forces and moments at that anchor point.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS DESIGN CHANGE

Hint

As with the Displacement results, you can use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys (or the toolbar equivalents) to scroll through the different load combinations. Use of the interactive review options can often be a more efficient way of reviewing output results as compared to searching for data in batch reports.

10. Press the Cancel button to terminate the Forces and Moments review. 11. Select File > Save.

DESIGN CHANGE Having already reviewed stresses, deflections, and loads, we will now iterate through a design change. AutoPIPE facilitates this process by helping you to quickly re-run an analysis to determine whether a design change produced the desired effect. 1. Pick point A01 N. 2. Select Insert/Support.

3. Select Guide from the Support type field. 4. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. The Guide is placed in the model as shown in the following figure.

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5-19


A guide is placed at bend near point A01 N.

5. Select View > Solid Model View to display a 3D representation of the model. 6. After adding the new component, you have to re-run the static analysis; otherwise, the results (based on the addition of the guide support) will not reflect the properties of the design change. Select the Static Analysis button on the toolbar. Hint

As mentioned previously, the Static Analysis toolbar button runs a static analysis using the last set of options defined in the dialog. Use the toolbar button when re-running an analysis. Use the menu command to define new analysis criteria.

7. Select Result > Code Stresses to check the piping code stress results.

8. Press OK to accept the defaults and review the stress ratios. A color-coded stress plot of the model is displayed. Note that the red areas help you to quickly determine where the system is still overstressed.

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The red areas in the display help to quickly locate areas of high stress.

9. Press Cancel to exit interactive stress review. 10. The Guide support did not solve the stress problem. "Undo" the design change by selecting Edit > Undo. The Guide is removed from the model. 11. You will now try another design change in which we add length to the first elbow in order to add flexibility. Pick point A01 to make it active. 12. Select Modify > Bend, or double-click on point A01.

13. In the Length field, enter 14 feet {4000} mm. 14. Enable the Apply offsets to all following points field. Note that the DZ value is updated. 15. Press OK to close the dialog. The model is redrawn as shown in the following figure.

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The length of this run was extended.

16. Let's see if the new design change helps to alleviate the points of high stress in the system. Press the Static Analysis toolbar button to re-analyze the system. 17. Select Result > Code Stresses. 18. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults. The stress plot of the system is shown below. Move the information dialog to the right and review the new results. Note that the model no longer exceeds code stress allowables. The maximum stress ratio is now 0.92 at A01 N+ (inside the bend) and thus there are no longer any red areas in the model.

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19. Press the Cancel button to exit the interactive stress review. 20. Select File > Save.

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LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW

5-24

+

Assigning Loads: There are different methods for assigning loads depending on whether the load is being assigned to a point or to an entire system. For example, in this chapter you learned how to assign a Concentrated Force to a specific point in the model using the Loads/Concentrated Force command. A thermal load was also applied to an anchor point by inputting the load value inside the Anchor dialog. An earthquake load was assigned to the entire system by selecting Loads/Static Earthquake. From the dialog, you may define the number of earthquake load cases and input values as multiples of gravity.

+

Performing a Static Analysis: The Static Analysis command analyzes the effects of different loads on your system. A dialog is presented in which you may select which loads to include in the analysis. Obviously, loads must be defined in the model before they can be analyzed. To include a non-linear analysis, ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option has been enabled in the Static Load Cases dialog. To re-run a static analysis with the previous set of load options, use the Static Analysis toolbar button. To run an analysis with new options, use the Analyze/Static menu command.

+

Graphical Review of Code Stresses: After loads have been assigned and a static analysis performed, you can review the results of code stresses. Many of these commands are available in the Result menu. For example, select Result/Code Stresses to produce a color-coded plot of stresses in the model. A legend will appear to the left of the modeling area to help you to quickly identify areas of concern in the system.

+

Displaying Load Combinations: The Tools/Display Combinations command helps you to identify the loads that have been defined in the system. Of particular note in this dialog is the “NonCode Comb.” column, which lists user-defined non-code combinations. By default, AutoPIPE will assume that you want to define these combination sets manually, as different users and systems have different requirements.

+

User Defined Load Combinations: Use the Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code command to input “Non-Code Comb.” combination sets. A dialog allows you to name the code for identification in reports, and to assign multiple Case/Combinations and associated Factors.

+

Interactive Review: A variety of graphical and point information is available for reviewing code results. A deflected shape plot of the model can be produced with the Result/Displacement command. The Result/Force & Moment command helps to review the Forces and Moments loads associated with a selected point.

+

Design Changes: Use the Result/Code Stresses command to check the piping code stress results. AutoPIPE will highlight high stress areas in red that may be out of range. You can then make a design change, re-run the Static Analysis command, and confirm the results using the Result/Code Stresses command again. This technique allows you to quickly confirm the success/failure of a design change implemented to satisfy code compliance requirements.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

6

OUTPUT REPORTS

In this chapter you will generate a report on the model constructed in the previous chapters. Reports can be opened, generated and viewed from within AutoPIPE, or directed to a printer. In this example, we will specify the loads to be included, and then review individual sections of the output results. OVERVIEW

6-2

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS

6-2

GENERATING THE REPORT

6-3

REVIEWING THE REPORT

6-4

CLOSING THE REPORT

6-4

CHAPTER REVIEW

6-5

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6-1

OUTPUT REPORTS OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW In this chapter you will learn how to output an AutoPIPE report. You will review how to limit the type of information provided on these reports, and briefly discuss individual sections.

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS In order to minimize the size of the batch output report, AutoPIPE provides options to select which loads and load combinations are to be included. 1. Select Tools > Non-Code Combinations > Select. 2. The Select Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

Disable these Options.

3. Note that by default all of the combinations are enabled. For this tutorial report, disable the following individual load cases: GE1 and GE2. 4. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

OUTPUT REPORTS GENERATING THE REPORT

GENERATING THE REPORT 1. Now let's generate the report based on the new options. Select Result > Output Report. Warning The Result > Output Report menu command and its associated toolbar command do not behave identically. As with the Static Analysis option, the toolbar command will run the command based on the most recent settings, bypassing the dialog. The menu command will display a dialog in which various report parameters may be set. 2. The Batch Report dialog is displayed.

3. Disable the Displacement, Support, and Force and Moments options. Hint

AutoPIPE provides options to graphically select the points to be included in the output report, and options to filter output results based on user-specified criteria. Refer to Chapter 10 for more information on Result Filters.

4. Press OK to generate the report.

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OUTPUT REPORTS REVIEWING THE REPORT

REVIEWING THE REPORT The report opens in a separate window. Press the button to maximize the report window. Use the scroll bars to the right of the main text area to review each section of the report.

Notice that the report is divided into sections. Scroll to the Restraint Reactions, Code Compliance, and Result Summary sub-reports. Note that AutoPIPE conveniently summarizes all load cases and load combinations at each point, saving the user from having to search, case by case, for the highest loads at a given point.

CLOSING THE REPORT 1. Press the "close" button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the report. Hint

You can easily print this report from either the viewing window or the main AutoPIPE Print dialog by selecting "Printer" as the output type.


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OUTPUT REPORTS CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW This completes the first AutoPIPE tutorial. In this chapter you learned how to generate and review an output report.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the next chapter you will begin the second of the two tutorial models. The second tutorial demonstrates how to import models and systems, how to copy multiple instances of a system into a model, and reviews additional modeling techniques.

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OUTPUT REPORTS CHAPTER REVIEW

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II

CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

The second tutorial begins by importing an existing AutoPLANT CAD model in PXF format into AutoPIPE. After the model is imported, new components are added and the model is saved in AutoPIPE. The exercises also cover the insertion of multiple copies of a frame model in order to construct a pipe rack/vessel/piping interaction. The Result Filter options are also discussed. Even if you do not use the AutoPLANT plant design CAD system, this tutorial covers a number of important AutoPIPE features and capabilities. While the second tutorial does not assume you have completed Part I of this manual, it is assumed that you are familiar with some of the terms and concepts introduced previously. CHAPTER 7: CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CHAPTER 8: VIEWING OPTIONS CHAPTER 9: CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CHAPTER 10: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

7

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS

In this Chapter you will begin the second tutorial. An AutoPLANT PXF file will be imported into AutoPIPE for use in stress analysis. After the model is imported, you will connect a new segment and add a vessel to the system. IMPORTING A PXF FILE

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REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA

7-6

CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE

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NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY

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CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT

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CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

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CHAPTER REVIEW

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS IMPORTING A PXF FILE

IMPORTING A PXF FILE In this section you will learn how to import a model saved in the PXF file format into AutoPIPE. The procedure involves specifying the file type from the Open dialog, defining initial system values and the piping code, then saving the model. Each of these steps is described below. Note

The model used in this exercise was created using Bentley' AutoPLANT PIPING application. The model was exported from PIPING using the Import/Export module, and saved in the PXF file format.

> TO OPEN/CONVERT A PXF FILE 1. Select File > Open > AutoPLANT (*.pxf) to display the dialog shown below. Note

AutoPIPE can open files from a number of different plant design CAD packages on the market. For this tutorial we are using a Bentley AutoPLANT model, but the same principle applies to importing other file types.

2. Double-click on the TUTOR2.PXF file. 3. The General Model Options dialog displays as shown in the following figure. From this dialog you can name the system for use in reports, enter designer initials, etc. First, name the model for identification in reports. Type Second Tutorial in the Project ID field, and then enter your initials in the Prepared by field. Of particular note on this dialog is the Piping Code, as this field can determine which options are available in other areas of the system. Tab to the Piping Code and select B31.1-2004 Power from the list. Note that once a Piping Code is specified, the remaining fields in the dialog are updated to reflect the defaults for that code. Tab to the Units file Name fields and set both the Input and Output units to AutoPIPE {SI}. Next, set the Vertical axis direction to the Y-Axis. When the dialog appears as shown in the following figure, press the OK button to close the dialog.

4. The Import AutoPLANT dialog displays. From this location select the settings shown below and specify the temperature and pressure loads of the imported system. Enter 300 {2.0} in the Pressure field, 450 {250} in the Temperature field, then press OK.

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial


One note and one warning message appear when you click Yes to display the errors and warnings messages. The note shows the assumed PXF import options which can be edited in the CADAP.MAP file. The warning message indicates that the file linelist.txt, which contains operating data for every line number, is missing. In this case AutoPIPE uses the operating data entered above for the entire model.

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Press the close button (the X in the control menu at the upper-right corner of the window) to close the Errors and Warnings window. The imported model now appears within the AutoPIPE modeling window, and you can now perform stress analysis on the system. You can also add components and modify the model as described in the remaining sections of this chapter.

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial


Click the 180 deg Iso View button in the left toolbar to display the model as shown below.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

7-5

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA

REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA In this section you will review the imported AutoPLANT data. AutoPIPE has several tools to perform this review. These commands are as follows: 1. Select > Line number will highlight the line number for editing. 2. View > AutoPLANT PXF Data shows the AutoPLANT data related to the current point. 3. View > Point Properties (also F3) displays the line number at the current point and distance from the previous point. It will also show pipe properties, material properties and operating temperature and pressure data. You can use the left and right arrow keys to traverse through the model. 4. Tools > Model Input Listing will show model data in addition to AutoPLANT specific data, such as line number and supports mark and tag numbers 5. Result > Output report will show the analysis results including line numbers and support mark and tag numbers. 6. View > Show > Pipe Properties/(All) will show a color-coded display of all pipe identifiers. The first two commands are only applicable to imported AutoPLANT PXF models and will be discussed below:

> TO SELECT LINE NUMBER L100 Use Select > Line number and then select L100 from the dropdown list as shown.

Press OK and notice how segment A (L100) is highlighted in red. This is useful for updating data pertinent to the line such as pressure/temperature data or pipe material properties.

> TO VIEW AUTOPLANT VALVE DATA Click on point A04 (far point of the valve) and then select View > AutoPLANT PXF Data. The following window will show valve data in addition to data of attached components such as gaskets and bolts. This PXF data is very useful for verifying component size, type, weight, insulation, and material properties.

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA

For easier comparison of coordinate data, it is recommended that vertical axis be set as Z during import and the origin shift flag in CADAP.MAP be set to ‘N’. Press the close button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the PXF Data window.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE

CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE In this section you will build a branch from point A07 along the X-axis and connect this branch to a vertical vessel. Before doing so, however, you must convert the run point at A07 on the model to a tee so that we can begin routing components off this point.

> TO CONVERT A RUN POINT TO A TEE 1. Click on point A07 in the model. Note that A07 appears in the “Active Point” area of the status bar to indicate that it is selected. 2. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Tee. 3. AutoPIPE displays the tee with arrows to indicate the direction of each of the legs and the branch. Notice that the leg for the branch points in an arbitrary direction. Click the arrowhead at point A07 (refer to the graphic below) which allows the branch to extend perpendicular to the header (in the +X direction).

Select the branch arrow on point A07

Note

The arrowhead does not indicate the direction of the run you will be inserting, only the plane on which the branch is oriented. In the next step we will insert a run point that will extend in the +X direction; thus, the branch will be placed on the opposite side of the pipe run shown above.

4. After the selected arrowhead is highlighted, you can build the branch pipe from point A07. Select the Insert > Run. The Run Point dialog is displayed. You will now define a run to the nozzle/vessel connection point so that the local flexibilities at the nozzle/vessel connection can be specified.

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY

5. Input 32 (feet) {9750} mm in the DX-offset field then press the OK button to close the dialog.

NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY To add the nozzle flexibility, the procedure is to create a nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel.

> TO DEFINE NOZZLE FLEXIBILITY 1. Select Insert > Nozzle.

2. Now you must input information about the vessel so that AutoPIPE can automatically compute the nozzle/vessel connection flexibilities. The dialog allows you to define the properties of the vessel used in computing these flexibilities. Generally, the thickness of the vessel wall is entered as the nozzle length for local flexibility of the nozzle/vessel connection. Enter a nozzle Length of 0.5" {12.7} mm (note the use of the inch symbol), a Vessel Radius of 2 {600}, and a Thickness of 0.5 {12.7}. 3. The flexibility method we will be using for this tutorial is the Welding Research Council Bulletin 297 Nozzle Flexibility Method. From the Flexibility Method list, select WRC 297. Once the Flexibility Method is specified, the dialog provides the additional fields shown above. 4. Specify the distance from the nozzle to the closest stiffening ring, or end of the vessel, in each vessel axis direction. Input the following values:

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

7-9

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT L1: 2 {600} L2: 8 {2400}

5. Place the cursor in the Direction of vessel axis field. Notice that the Nozzle stiffnesses have been automatically computed based on the values we entered in previous steps. From the Direction of vessel axis field, choose the Global Y option. 6. Press OK to close the dialog. 7. Before continuing you should save your work up to this point. Select File > Save.

CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT Now you will build a pressure vessel by defining it as a new segment of pipe disconnected from the current piping. 1. Select Insert > Segment to open the dialog shown below.

2. When inserting a new segment, AutoPIPE assumes you want the first point to be the current active point (in this case: B02). In order to create a new disconnected point in space, you must override the Name of first point from B02 to C00, which is a point name not previously defined. Tab once to the Name of first point field and enter the name C00. Tab again to the Offset from which point field and enter the name B02. The default is to offset from the origin (0,0,0). 3. You will start the segment at the base of the vessel and input X,Y,Z offsets of the new segment from the point B02. You are inputting coordinates offsets to the base of the vessel. Tab to the DX offset and enter 2 feet {600} mm. 4. In the DY offset field, enter – 8 {-2400}. 5. Tab twice to the Pipe data identifier field and type vessel. The pressure vessel will be modeled as a large diameter pipe with a new Pipe identifier name and different properties from the current 6P1. By typing in a new Pipe data identifier name, AutoPIPE will automatically display the Pipe Properties dialog so that you can assign properties to the vessel. 6. Press OK to close the dialog. The Pipe Properties dialog is automatically displayed. You will define the vessel as having non-standard nominal diameter, with an actual O.D. of 48 inches {1200} mm and a ½” {12.7} mm wall thickness as shown below.

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT

7. From the Nominal diameter selection list, choose the NS option. 8. Input 48 {1200} mm inches in the Actual O.D. field. 9. Input 0.5 inches {12.7} mm in the Wall thickness field. 10. From the Pipe Material selection list, choose the CS option. A warning message will be displayed to indicate that CS is a generic material with no allowable stresses defined. Press OK to close the message. 11. Replace the default cold allowable stress of 12000 psi {82.74} N/mm2. Highlight this value, and then input 50000 {5000} in the Cold allowable (ambient allowable) field. Press OK to close the dialog. 12. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT

13. Input 40000 {4000} in the Hot allow field. Press OK to close the dialog. 14. Select Insert > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog shown below. This step allows us to anchor the base of the vessel. 15. Click the OK button to accept defaults for the anchor 16. You will now build the vertical vessel using our newly defined large diameter Vessel pipe identifier. Select Insert > Run to display the Run Point dialog shown in the following figure.

17. You will now define the critical points of the vessel. Since you will later connect a nozzle to this vessel, you need to create a point at the same elevation where the nozzle will be placed. In the DY offset field, enter 8 feet {2400} mm and then press OK. 18. You will now input a run point to define the top of the vessel. It is not always necessary to specify offsets. Since AutoPIPE keeps track of the segment direction, you need to enter only the length to the top of the vessel. Select Insert > Run again. When the dialog appears, input a value of 2 feet {600} mm in the Length field.

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

19. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT All that remains to complete the vessel is to connect the nozzle with the vessel using a weightless rigid element. This is done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

> TO CONNECT TO ANOTHER SEGMENT 1. You will now connect B02 to the vessel centerline at point C01. Pick point B02. Ensure that B02 is listed as the active point in the status area (Bottom line of the screen). 2. The next step is to join B02 to C01 using a tee element. Select Insert > Tee to display the Tee dialog. (Note you can also use Insert > Run).

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

7-13

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

3. By default, AutoPIPE assumes that the tee point will be a new point. To connect point B02 to C01 you must override the Name of point field and enter C01. When an existing point is specified, AutoPIPE automatically connects the two segments. Input C01 in the Name of point field. 4. Tab once and you will notice that most fields are grayed out because we are connecting to an existing point. Tab once more to the Type of tee field, set the Type of tee to Unreinfor. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. 5. Since the pipe connecting the nozzle to the center of the pipe is not real, it is best that you set it to have rigid properties. Select the pipe joining B02 to C01 by clicking at the middle of this pipe section to highlight it in red. 6. Select Insert > Rigid Options Over Range to convert this pipe into a rigid pipe

7. Select the default options as shown above to ignore the weight of the pipe and account for thermal expansion. Accounting for thermal expansion this way relieves you from entering the vessel thermal movements. AutoPIPE uses the material expansion associated with the pipe identifier material. Press OK to accept the rigid options. 8. The rigid pipe section will change color to distinguish it as a rigid pipe.

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS

9. Select File > Save to save the model and its data.

CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter you learned how to convert an AutoPLANT 97-generated PXF file to an AutoPIPE piping stress model. We used this imported model as a starting point on which to attach new components. Before we could do this, however, we converted a run point on the imported model into a tee point. After specifying the branch direction, we were able to route a new run point off the branch and define the local flexbilities at the nozzle/vessel connection. Finally, we created a vessel using a new, disconnected segment and defined unique pipe properties for the vessel. The vessel and the piping line were then connected with a rigid element placed between the two segments. Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter: +

Importing a PXF File: Models are imported into AutoPIPE using the File/Open command. From this dialog, users can select the file type of the model to be imported, then double-click on the file. As part of the conversion process, the user is required to specify certain properties of the system such as the desired piping code and pressure and temperature conditions.

+

Converting a Run Point: Points can be converted to new point types. In this chapter we selected an existing run point in the imported model and converted it using the Modify/Convert Point to/Tee command.

+

Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility: To define the flexibility of the nozzle connection, we create a nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel. This was accomplished using the Insert/Xtra Data/Nozzle Flexibility command.

+

Creating a New Disconnected Segment: A pressure vessel was constructed by defining it as a new, disconnected segment of pipe. We modeled this vessel as a large diameter pipe. By assigning it a new Pipe Identifier name, we were able to assign pipe properties unique to the vessel.

+

Connecting Segments: In the last section of this chapter we connected the vessel to a nozzle using a rigid element. This was done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the next chapter you will review some of the available viewing options.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CHAPTER REVIEW

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8

VIEWING OPTIONS

This chapter illustrates how to use AutoPIPE’s view controls to obtain different views of your model. Options are available for viewing the components as single, double, or 3D representations. You can also zoom to the extents of the model, view a windowed area, or view along the X, Y, or Z axis. VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW

8-2

SOLID MODEL VIEW

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VECTOR VIEW

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CHAPTER REVIEW

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VIEWING OPTIONS VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW AutoPIPE provides a variety of viewing controls that allow you to view, pan, and zoom into particular areas of your model. You can also apply viewing filters to view components/systems that match user-defined criteria. In this section we’ll use the viewing controls to review and verify the geometry of the entire model.

SOLID MODEL VIEW The Solid Model view allows you to view the model as a three-dimensional graphic. In AutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, double-line, and 3D modes. 1. Select View > All. This command fits the extents of the model within the current viewing window as shown below.

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VIEWING OPTIONS VECTOR VIEW

2. Select View > Solid Model View. The model is re-displayed as a three-dimensional representation of the components in the system as shown in the following figure.

VECTOR VIEW 1. To verify that your nozzle is located properly, you will select a Z-axis view of the model. Select View > Vector. The View Vector dialog is displayed as shown below.

2. From the View Direction field, select the Z view option, then press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. The Z view command allows you to view an elevation view of the model as shown below. Note that point B02 lies right at the vessel wall as desired.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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VIEWING OPTIONS VECTOR VIEW

3. Restore the previous view of the model by selecting View > Default. Your model appears as shown in the following figure.

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VIEWING OPTIONS CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter we reviewed some of the viewing capabilities of AutoPIPE. +

View/Solid Model View allows you to view a three-dimensional representation of your model. In AutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, wire-frame, and solid model views.

+

Vector View: Another useful viewing command is View/Vector, which allows you to specify a viewing plane.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the next chapter, you will create a pipe rack model from frame members. After the model is created and saved, you will learn how to import the model and insert it at multiple points to support the piping system.

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VIEWING OPTIONS CHAPTER REVIEW

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9

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL

In this chapter a simple frame structure is constructed to support the piping elements created in previous chapters. To do this, you will first create the structure as a new AutoPIPE model and save it. Afterwards, you will re-open the previous model and import the frame. Finally, you will attach the piping to the frames using supports. FRAME OVERVIEW

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CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL

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ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME

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VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL

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INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL

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CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE

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CHAPTER REVIEW

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

9-1

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL FRAME OVERVIEW

FRAME OVERVIEW The long horizontal run of pipe from A6 to B01 requires support. To accomplish this, we’ll create a portal frame. We use frames in this example to consider mass and flexibilities of the support structure as part of the piping analysis. Later in the chapter, we’ll import two instances of this frame and connect them to the piping using supports.

CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL In this section you will create a portal frame as a separate model so that it may be inserted in other models as well. In this manner, you can create libraries of support structures. 1. Select File > Save (if you haven’t already done so) to save the current state of the active model. You will be creating a new model in the next step and then connecting it to this one. 2. Select File > New to create the new AutoPIPE model. 3. You will build the portal frame using W8x18 beams. So that it can be easily identified, let’s create a unique name for the frame to be included in a library. Enter supz8x18 as the new File name, and then press Save to create the new model file. 4. The General Model Options dialog shown in the following figure is displayed.

5. Input the following values, and then press OK to close the dialog. Project ID: w8x18 portal frame Prepared by: {your initials} Piping code: B31.1-Power Unit file name – Input: AUTOPIPE {SI} Output: AUTOPIPE {SI} 6. The Segment dialog is displayed. Normally, you would want to name and define the origin points for the first segment in the model. However, since this model will contain only frames and no pipe segments, press Cancel to close the dialog. No starting segment will be defined. 7. Select Insert > Frame to begin creating the portal frame. The Beam dialog shown below is displayed.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL

8. AutoPIPE creates the default beam name M1. You will now define the name and position of the endpoints defining this beam. Input the following values: From Point I: 1 To Point J: 2 Point J/ DY offset: 8 (feet) {2400} mm Table name: W Section ID: W8x18 Material ID: A36 Note

The Section and Material values are completed automatically based on default values established in material libraries.

9. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A single, vertical frame member is inserted in the model. 10. You will now build the beam forming the top of the frame. In this example, you want to place a support in the center of the top beam, so you will define the horizontal portion of the pipe rack using two beams of equal distance. This will give a midpoint on the beam at which to place the support. Click on Point 2 to make it the current point and re-select Insert > Frame to open the Beam dialog. Accept the default Beam ID (M2) and From Point I(2), then input the following values to build the second frame member: Note

Note that the Table Name, Section ID, and Material ID automatically default to the values defined for M1.

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To Point J: 3 Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm 11. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown below.

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12. Point 3 will be the midpoint on the horizontal section of this frame. The next step is to create the second beam to complete this horizontal section. Click on Point 3 to make it the current point and select Insert > Frame to open the M3 beam dialog. Input the following values, then press OK when done:

To Point J: 4 Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL 13. To complete the frame you will define a second vertical beam. Click on Point 4 to make it the current point and select Insert > Frame to open the M4 beam dialog. Input the following values, and then press OK when done.

To Point J: 5 Point J/ DY offset: - 8 (feet) {-2400} mm 14. The model now appears as shown below.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME

ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME In this section anchors are added to base of the frame. 1. Pick point 1 in the model to make it the active point. 2. Select Insert > Anchor. 3. Press OK to accept the default anchor properties. 4. Pick point 5 to make it the active point. 5. Select Insert > Anchor to re-display the Anchor dialog. 6. Press OK to accept the defaults. Anchors are now defined at each of the bottom legs of the frame as shown in the following figure.

Anchors are placed the bottom of the frame structure.

7. Since you know that point 3 will be the supporting location, pick point 3 to designate it as the active point, then save the model (File > Save). Note

AutoPIPE automatically remembers the active point when a model is saved. By making point 3 active and then saving the model, this will become the default reference point when inserting the frame later in this chapter.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL

VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL Now that the frame members are defined, you should visually check whether the local axis of the frame is correctly positioned in order to support a vertical load downward at point 3, and support the horizontal forces from the pipe in the X-axis. 1. Select View > Solid Model View to display the 3D graphical representation of the model shown below.

2. Note that the beta angles are properly defined and that the strong axis of the beams is being loaded.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL

INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL Now that the frame is defined, you can save it as a separate AutoPIPE model and insert it at a specified point in the piping system you created in previous chapters.

OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM Warning Ensure that you have properly saved the Frame model before beginning this step. 1. Select File > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat) to display the Open dialog. 2. Select Tutor2.dat file from the list, then press Open (you can also double-click on this file to open it directly). 3. Select View > Vector and then select Iso (180 deg) to get the view direction shown in the following figure:

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INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS In this section we will define two equally spaced points along segment B where the support structures are to be placed. 1. At point A07, click the branch arrow for the tee lying on segment B so that the inserted run points are added along the branch and not the header.

Select the branch arrow at Tee point A07

2. Inserting a single run point or multiple run points is performed in the Run dialog. Select Insert > Run.

3. By default AutoPIPE inserts one point B04 at one-half the distance to B01. You will instead have AutoPIPE insert two equally spaced points between A07 and B01. These points will automatically be named B04 and B05. In the Generate points field input 2 to generate two new points. 4. Tab once to leave the Generate Points field, and AutoPIPE recalculates the length to 10.67 feet {3250} mm (which is 1/3 the distance to point B01). 5. Press OK to accept the values and close the Run Point dialog.

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6. Two equally spaced points are generated along segment B as shown below.

Two equally spaced points are created on segment B, the frame structure can now be placed with respect to these points.

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AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING After the new points are generated, notice that segment B is now numbered out of sequence, i.e. A07, B04, B05, and B01, B02. Fortunately, AutoPIPE provides a convenient tool for correcting this. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points.

SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS Hold down the Ctrl key and click on points B01 and B02. The point names will be highlighted in red together with the connecting pipe.

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INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL You now have selected two points in the model (B01 and B02) where the frame structures can be inserted. In this section you will define the pipe as resting on the frame without being rigidly connected to the frame centerline. The connection between pipe and frame will then be defined using a two-point support. 1. Select Insert > AutoPIPE Model. 2. When the Import dialog appears, double-click the supz8x18.dat file. The frame structure model you created earlier is displayed as shown below.

3. The default base point of the inserted model is set to 3. Press OK to accept the default and use point 3 as the reference point when placing the frame structure. Note

The reason point 3 is the default reference point is because it was designated as the active point the last time the model was saved.

4. The Paste dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE assumes that we will connect the centerlines of the frame to the pipe and thus share the same point name, i.e. frame point 3 will be renamed B01. However, since we wish to rest the pipe on the top of the frame, disable the Connect to selected points field.

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5. Once the Connect to selected points field is disabled, the offset fields become available. You can now specify the offset distances from point B01 where the base point of the frame (point 3) will be placed. Using the Point Properties information window, these values can easily be determined. Input the following values: DY: - 8” {-200} mm (note the use of the inch mark; distance between the pipe and frame centerlines) 6. Press OK to close the Paste dialog. 7. Another confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to this Confirm dialog. Note that the inserted frame is located properly. Later we will come back and connect this frame to the piping.

Two frames are inserted into the piping system.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE

CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE In this section we’ll insert 2-point supports in order to define the connection between the piping and the structural frames. Understanding the capabilities of a 2-point support is an important concept when defining pipe/structure interaction since pipes may lift off a support rack or have gaps and/or exert friction forces on the support structure. 1. Sometimes it is easier to select points that are placed close together in the model by switching to a line mode view of the model. Select View > Single Line View to display the model as shown below. Window this area by picking the first point, holding the left mouse button down and ‘dragging’ to the other corner. After the view area is defined, select the button on the toolbar.

2. Pick the two points shown in the graphic above to define the perimeter of the zoom window, then select the Windowed Zoom toolbar button shown at left. Your model view should appear similar to the one shown in the following figure.

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3. You will now add a support at B02. First, pick point B02 to make it the active point. 4. Select Insert > Support. 5. The Support dialog is displayed as shown below. A U-bolt will attach the pipe to the frame. The U-bolt will have gaps of .25 inch {5} mm to the left and right of the pipe. Since the pipe is sitting on the frame we will also model the friction between the pipe and frame. Since the U-bolt supports perpendicular directions to the pipe, we use AutoPIPE's Guide support. Select Guide from the Support Type field.

Note

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

Note that additional fields are presented once you enter Guide as the Support Type and the cursor advances to the next field. AutoPIPE makes frequent use of these “filtered” dialogs to request only the information pertinent to the type of component that you have selected.


6. By default the guide is connected to the ground. We instead wish to connect the guide to the center of the top beam of the support structure at point 1008. Input 1008 in the Connected to field. This is the frame point just below piping point B02. 7. In the Gap left and Gap right fields, input a value of 0.25 (inches) {5} mm. This will specify the gap on both the left and right sides to allow for movement of the pipe between the U-bolt. 8. Input a Friction coefficient of 0.4 to consider pipe friction on the support frame. 9. Press OK to close the dialog. 10. You will add an identical support at B01. Pick point B01 to make it active, and then select Insert > Support to re-open the Support dialog. Note that all defaults are correct and the only required input is to specify a new Connected to point of 1003. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to define the second support.

11. Both supports have been added to connect the frame to the piping as shown in the following figure.

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The two supports are added to the system.

12. You will now complete this section by zooming to the extents of the model and restoring the 3D view. Select View > All, then View > Solid Model View. The model appears as shown below.

13. Select File > Save to save the model.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter you learned how to create a frame structure and import two instances of it into the piping model. Points were generated along the piping line and a frame was inserted at these points. Finally, the frames were connected to the piping system using Guide supports. Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter. +

Constructing a Frame: Use the Insert/Frame command to define beams in a model. The Beam dialog allows you to specify the Table Name (i.e., W), Section ID (i.e., W8X18), and Material ID (i.e., A36) associated with a frame member. After these values are defined, subsequent instances of the Beam dialog will default to the same values. A frame is constructed of several beams. The user specifies the From and To points, then inputs offset distances from the previous point.

+

Saving the Active Point: When a model is saved, AutoPIPE remembers the active point. This is useful when inserting the model because the saved active point on the model becomes the default reference point for placement.

+

Importing an AutoPIPE model: Models may be inserted into a current system with the Insert/AutoPIPE model command. Using this technique, you can create libraries of frequently used configurations for insertion into new models. Models are inserted with respect to a reference point, and can either be connected to an existing point(s), or placed an offset distance from a selected point(s). If no points are selected, the offset is assumed from the origin.

+

Connecting Frame to Pipe: When inserting a frame, you can use the Point Properties information window to view coordinate information about a selected point. Using this info, you can specify the coordinates required to either connect to, or place a known distance from, a known point in the piping system. In this chapter, we purposefully placed the frames slightly below the piping line and then connected the frame to the pipe using a support.

WHAT’S NEXT? In the last chapter you will learn to analyze the second tutorial model. You will assign loads, perform a static analysis, review the results, and implement a design change.

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CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CHAPTER REVIEW

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10

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

In this section you will perform a non-linear analysis on the second tutorial model. You will also review displacement and code stress results interactively and with the result grids, then apply a filter to analyze the load cases and combinations. CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW

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DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS

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PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

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REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS

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REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)

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APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA

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SELECTING COMBINATIONS

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ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE

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REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS

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REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)

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CHAPTER REVIEW

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW

CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW AutoPIPE allows you to automatically create operating load combinations. These operating combinations are referred to as "Non-code" since they will not be used for calculation of piping code stresses - only for calculation of deflections and loads.

DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS By default, AutoPIPE automatically performs the load combinations required for calculation of piping code stresses. However, since users have a variety of preferences in creating operating load combinations, the AutoPIPE default is not to combine these non-code (operating) loads automatically. Instead of creating non-code combinations manually, we will use AutoPIPE's default load combinations. 1. Select Tools > Model Options > Result. 2. The Result Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

3. Enable the Add def.Noncode comb field to utilize AutoPIPE’s default load combinations. By default, AutoPIPE does not combine non-code (operating loads). 4. Press OK to close the dialog. You can now perform an analysis of the model and have the default non-code combinations included in the results.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS In this section you will calculate deflections, check for equipment compliance, and verify code stress compliance of the piping system. The first step in this process is to perform a static analysis.

> TO PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS 1. Select Analyze > Static. Warning In this instance, there is a slight difference between using the menu command, Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon. The icon will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog. To ensure that your settings match those required by this tutorial, select Analyze > Static from the menu rather than using the toolbar icon. 2. The Static Load Cases dialog is displayed as shown below.

3. Enable the Gravity and Thermal Cases T1 options to check for these loads. 4. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these nonlinear boundary conditions during the static analysis. Hint

To perform a non-linear analysis, you must always enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Load Cases dialog as described above.

5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog. 6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

7. Press OK to accept the default Nonlinear Analysis settings. 8. AutoPIPE reports a status summary of the time taken to perform the analysis. Note that the Cancel button can be pressed at any time to discontinue the analysis.

9. Press OK from the status dialog after the analysis has completed successfully. Now that the model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS

REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS You will now interactively review displacements to see regions of large displacement, which may lead to high stresses. 1. Select Result > Displacement. 2. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

3. You want to review the deflected shape for the operating combination GR+T1 (Gravity plus thermal case 1). Note that this was one of the default combinations created. From the Load Combination selection list, choose the GT1 option, and then press OK. 4. AutoPIPE graphically displays the deflected shape for this combination as shown in the graphic below. Note that the deflected shape is not the actual deflection, but exaggerated for identification purposes.

5. Note the large displacements at point A07. To view the numeric values associated with this displacement, pick point A07 to make it the active point. The information window details additional information about the selected point.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)

REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) We will now review displacements in the Result grids. 1. Select Result > Grids. The Displacement tab is displayed as shown below. Note

Displacement TAB is shown by default thereafter whichever grid TAB was last viewed.

2. Disable the checkbox next to the GR load case in the right window pane and the displacements in the grid are only shown for T1 and GT1 cases as shown below.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)

3. Double click on the DY column to sort from maximum to minimum displacement in the Y direction as show below. Note

This provides a quick easy method to establish the maximum and minimum displacements in the complete model (+ve and –ve values).

4. Select the Print button and then Print Grid to send the current grid to the printer. Note

The Header and Footer can be customized to the company’s standard document format which is saved to the binary file Result.gps for future use.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA

APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA After examining the point information for A07, we note deflections exceeding our design criteria of 0.8 inches at point A07. In order to identify all points meeting these criteria, we will utilize AutoPIPE's Result filter option. Note

By selecting the Filter option (or any other menu option), AutoPIPE automatically closes the displacement review windows.

1. Select Result > Filter Criteria > Displacement. 2. The Displacement Result Filter dialog is displayed as shown below.

3. By using the filter option, AutoPIPE will automatically highlight all points on the model that satisfy the filter condition for visual checking. Note that these points are added to the existing selection set. Furthermore, we can use this same filter condition to generate a report that contains only those points that meet the filter criteria. In this case, we wish to report only displacements greater than .8 inches. Enable the DX, DY, and DZ fields, then enter 0.8 {20} in the numeric field for each of the offsets as shown in the dialog above. 4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. AutoPIPE automatically highlights the section of the model that satisfies the filter condition.

This section of the model is selected to indicate that it meets the filter criteria.

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS SELECTING COMBINATIONS

SELECTING COMBINATIONS AutoPIPE provides an option to select which load cases and combinations will be included in an output report. The default is to include all load cases and combinations. You will now disable all load cases but the GR+T1 load combination in order to further minimize the output report. In effect, you will be generating a report that contains only those points that met the filter criteria specified for combination GR+T1. 1. Select Tools > Non-code Combinations > Select. 2. The Select Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE enables all combinations. You will now disable the GR load case in order to isolate results only for the GT1 (i.e. GR+T1) load combination. Disable the following fields by clicking in the box adjacent to the field (ensure there is NOT a checkmark in the box next to the GR field):

3. Press OK to close the dialog. 4. The next step is to generate the output report. Select Result > Output Report. 5. The Batch Report dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Accept the default report file name, then make the following changes to the dialog; these changes allow you to produce a report which includes only those points which satisfy the displacement criteria defined previously:

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS SELECTING COMBINATIONS

6. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close it. The output report is displayed in a separate window. Hint

Like any window, the output report can be re-sized, minimized, maximized, scrolled, printed, etc. Refer to your Windows’ documentation for more information on windows and their properties.

7. Note that only the points which met the user-specified filter criteria (exceed 0.8" {20mm}deflection) for combination GT1 are reported. You will now close this window and return to our model. Select File > Exit to close the report window (you can also click the “X” in the upper-right corner of the window).

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE

ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE We will now perform a rotating equipment compliance check for an API 617 compressor attached to inlet point A00 and outlet point A14. Note

During this exercise AutoPIPE automatically uses the forces and moments at the userspecified points to perform the compliance check.

1. Select Tools > Rotating Equipment. The Rotating Equipment dialog is displayed.

2. AutoPIPE allows for multiple rotating equipments to be defined including pumps, compressors, turbines, etc. Specify unique equipment ID to identify this element. In the Equipment ID field, input compr1. 3. From the Type selection list, choose Compress for an API 617 compressor. After the type is selected, the Rotating Equipment dialog is filtered to provide additional fields related specifically to the equipment type (in this case, a compressor). 4. Press Tab to move to the Generate Report field. Keep this field enabled for reporting of this equipment in the generation of a compliance report.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE 5. Define the properties of the compressor by entering the following values in the appropriate fields: Suction point: A00 Discharge point: A14 Shaft axis: Global X Override Nozzle Coordinates: Unchecked 6. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. 7. Now that the rotating equipment is defined, we can review the results of the equipment compliance check. Select Result > Output Report. When the Batch Report dialog appears, DISABLE the Apply Filter Criteria and Displacement options, and enable the Equipment option. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to generate the report.

8. The Rotating Equipment report is displayed. This report displays the loads automatically extracted from the analysis and equations required by the API 617 compliance. AutoPIPE’s rotating equipment modules automatically extract the forces and moments from the piping analysis, saving the user from manually inputting loads for each load case. Notice that an asterisk indicates that an API 617 allowable was exceeded. 9. After viewing the report results, close the window (File > Exit) to return to the model.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS

REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS As a last step we will interactively review the piping code stress results. 1. Select Result > Code Stresses. 2. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed as shown below. Press OK to accept the defaults.

3. The Stresses information window is displayed. AutoPIPE displays a color-coded display of the stress results by stress ratio. We see that calculated stress exceeds the allowable for the Amb to T1 combination by a ratio of 1.28 {1.40} at point A07 (branch side). Note that this occurs in our region of large displacement as shown earlier in our deflected shape.


ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)

REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) You will now review code stresses in the Result grids. 1. Select Result > Grids and click on the Code Stresses tab.

2. The graphic shows a color code stress plot based on the selected Ratio or Stress radio button and the selected code combinations.

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3. To view sustained stresses only in the code stresses tab and graphic plot, uncheck all the combinations except GR+MaxP. Note

To uncheck all the combinations in the right window panel, click on the top combination name hold the SHIFT key down and click on the bottom combination name then uncheck any of the check boxes. The CTRL key can also be used for multiple selections.



4. Double click on the Ratio column to sort the maximum sustained stress ratio which shows 0.48 {.47} at point A14.

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS CHAPTER REVIEW

CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter we interactively reviewed displacements and output model results. We also defined filter criteria so that we could view specific areas of interest related to the GR+T1 (GT1) load combinations. Finally, we performed a rotating equipment compliance check and interactively reviewed the point stress information. Before continuing, select File/Save to save the changes you’ve made to the model, then review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter: +

Defining result model options: To establish defaults for viewing results, use the Tools/Model Options/Result command. The Result Model Options dialog allows you to establish preferences, including the ability to automatically include default combinations.

+

Performing a Static Analysis: In this chapter we performed a Static Analysis on the model using the Analyze/Static command. To perform a non-linear analysis, you must enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Analysis dialog.

+

Reviewing Displacements: The Result/Displacement command provides detailed information about the displacements in a model. When this command is selected, the model is re-drawn to show an exaggerated view of areas of displacement. From this display, users can select individual points to display a pop-up window that details specific displacement data at the active point.

+

Applying result filter criteria: In this chapter we defined a displacement filter to highlight the areas in the model which exceeded a user-specified displacement value. This capability is associated with the Result/Filter Criteria/Displacement command.

+

Selecting combinations: AutoPIPE allows the user to select which load cases and combinations will be included in output reports. By default, all load combinations are considered; however, using the Tools/Non-code Combinations/Select command, the users can enable/disable available combinations.

+

Rotating equipment compliance: To produce an equipment compliance report, the user must enable the Generate Report option in the Rotating Equipment dialog. The next step is to run the Result/Output Report command and enable the Equipment option from the Batch Report dialog. An asterisk (*) next to a value in the Equipment section of the report indicates an allowable that was exceeded.

+

Reviewing code stress results: Code Stress results can be reviewed with the Result/Code Stresses command. After the command is executed the model is color-coded and a legend appears in the margin of the model area. Code stress information for specific points is displayed in a separate pop-up window.

+

Result/Grids : Displacements and code stresses can be reviewed, sorted and printed.


ANALYSIS AND RESULTS CHAPTER REVIEW

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial

AutoPIPE Pipe Stress Analysis - Tutorial

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