Page 1 of 18
Kegiatan Belajar 5 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 5, diharapkan siswa dapat a. Menentukan unsur-unsur segitiga dengan aturan sinus b. Menentukan unsur-unsur segitiga dengan aturan kosinus c. Menghitung luas segitiga sembarang
B. Uraian Materi 4
Aturan Sinus Untuk memahami aturan sinus maka lakukan kegiatan di bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.1
Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan aturan aturan sinus Permasalahan
: Bagaimana Bagaimana menetukan unsur-unsur segitiga (panjang sisi dan besar sudut) jika diketahui panjang sisi salah satu sudut dan besar sudut di hadapan sisi.
Kegiatan C
Perhatikan gambar di samping, maka
β
diketahui
E a
∠
b
CAB = θ, ∠ ABC = = ά,
∠ BCA
=β
AC = b, AB = c dan BC = a θ A
ά
∟
D
c
B
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Page 2 of 18
1) Perhatikan ∆ BDC maka panjang CD adalah.
⇒ sin α =
CD
......... ⇒ CD = sin α × ........
⇒ CD = .... sin α
( persamaan 1)
2) Perhatikan ∆ ADC maka panjang CD adalah
⇒ sin θ =
CD
......... ⇒ CD = sin θ × .......
⇒ CD = ..... sin θ persamaan 2) Dengan cara subtitusi, persamaan 1) dan 2) maka didapat persamaan CD
= ..... sin α
persamaan 1) dan CD
= ..... sin θ
persamaan 2)
maka didapat persamaan
⇒ .....sin α = .....sin θ ⇒
a
=
........
..........
( persamaan 3)
sin α
3) Perhatikan ∆ AEB maka panjang panjang AE adalah.
⇒ sin α =
AE
......... ⇒ AE = sin α × ........
⇒ AE = .... sin α
( persamaan 4)
4) Perhatikan ∆ AEC maka panjang panjang AE adalah.
⇒ sin β =
AE
......... ⇒ AE = sin β × ........
⇒ AE = .... sin β
( persamaan 5)
Dari persamaan 4 dan 5 maka AE = .... sin α
( persamaan 4) dan AE = .... sin β
Diperoleh persamaan
( persamaan 5)
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Page 3 of 18
Dari persamaan 3 dan 6, dapat disimpulkan bahwa a
=
........
......
......
=
sin ...
.......
Dari kegiatan di atas, dapat dirumuskan bahwandalam setiap segitiga ABC dengan panjang sisi- sisi BC, AC dan AB berturut-turut adalah a, b dan c satuan panjang dan besar sudut di hadapan sisi-sisi berturut-turut adalah θ, ά, dan β (gambar tampak pada kegiatan 5.1) berlaku aturan sinus berikut :
a
b
=
sin θ
c
=
sin α
sin β
Aturan ini dapat digunakan untuk untuk mencari unsur-unsur unsur-unsur suatu segitiga (panjang sisi dan besar besar sudut) apabila telah diketahui panjang sisi salah satu sudut dan besar sudut di hadapan sisi tersebut.
Contoh : o
1. Deketahui segitiga ABC , dengan panjang AC = = 25 cm, sudut A = 60 , dan sudut o
jika sin 75 = 0,9659, tentukan panjang BC dan dan AB Penyelesaian
Buat sketsa gambarnya C 75
Maka besar sudut B adalah o
a
25 cm 60o A
Sehingga
c
B
o
∠ B =
180 – (∠ A + ∠ C)
∠ B =
180 – (60 + 75 )
∠ B =
180 – 135
∠ B =
45
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
C = 75 ,
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Page 4 of 18
⇒ ⇒
Panjang BC BC
AC
=
sin A a
sin B 25
=
sin 60o sin 45o a 25 ⇒ = 1 1 3 2 2 2
⇒
a 2
25 3
=
2
2
⇒a=
25 3
⇒a=
25 3
⇒a=
25
2
×
2
2
2 2
6 25
Jadi panjang BC adalah
2
6 cm
Panjang AB adalah
⇒ ⇒ ⇒
AB
=
sin C c sin 75 o a 0,9659
⇒
c 2
2
=
AC
sin B 25
=
=
sin 45 o 25 1 2 2
24,1475
⇒ c = 24,1475 ×
2 2
⇒ c = 24,1475 × 2 ⇒ c = (24,1475) 2
≈
34,15
Jadi panjang AB adalah 34,15 cm
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Page 5 of 18
o
2. Pada segitiga ABC, sisi AC = = 16 cm, AB = 8 2 cm, sudut B = 45 tentukan sudut-sudut segitiga ABC yang lainnya. Penyelesaian
⇒
AC
sin B
⇒
C
AB
=
sin C
16
=
sin 45 o
a
8 2
16 cm
sin C
45o
1 ⇒ 16 sin C = 2 (8 2 ) 2 ⇒ sin C = ⇒ sin C = ⇒ C = 30
A
8 2 cm
B
8 16 1 2
o
maka ∠ A
o
= 180 – (∠ B B + ∠ C) C)
o o o ∠ A A = 180 – (45 + 30 ) o ∠ A A = 105
o
Jadi besar sudut A adalah 105 dan besar sudut C = = 30
o
Aturan Kosinus Untuk memahami aturan kosinus maka kerjakan kegiatan di bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.2 Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan aturan aturan kosinus Permasalahan
: Bagaimana Bagaimana menetukan unsur-unsur segitiga (panjang sisi dan besar sudut)
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Page 6 of 18
Kegiatan C
θ b
a
β
ά
∟
A
D
c
B
1) Perhatikan ∆ ADC CD
⇒ sin β =
AC ⇒ CD = ...... sin β
( persamaan 1)
......
⇒ cos β =
AC ⇒ ....... = b. cos β
( persamaan2)
∆ BDC,
2) Perhatikan
d engan engan menggunakan teorema pythagoras, dengan mensubtitusikan
persamaan 1 dan 2 diperoleh 2
2
2
CB = DB + CD 2
2
2
CB = (AB – AD) + CD 2
2
2
2
CB = (AB – 2(AB)(AD) + AD ) + CD 2
2
2
2
a = (c - 2c.b.cos β +( +( ....... cos β ) ) + (…… sin β ) 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a = c - 2cb.cos β + + b ………. + b ……… a = c - 2cb.cos β + + b (…………+ ………) 2
a = ……+ …… - 2cb.cos β
Dengan cara yang sama kita juga bisa melakukan langkah untuk sudut ά dan sudut θ. Secara umum dalam setiap segitiga ABC dengan panjang sisi-sisi BC, AC dan AB berturut-turut adalah a, b dan c satuan panjang dan besar sudut di hadapan sisi-sisi tersebut adalah β, ά dan θ, berlaku aturan kosinus sebagai berikut :
•
a2
•
2
b
=
b2
=
2
a
2
+ c − 2bc. cos α 2
+ c − 2ac. cos β
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Page 7 of 18
Contoh : o 1. Diketahui segitiga ABC, dengan panjang BC = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm dan sudut C = 60 ,
tentukan panjang sisi AB Penyelesaian C
60o
4 cm
6 cm
A
B
⇒ AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2
−
2( AC )( BC ). cos C
⇒ AB 2
=
⇒ AB
=
36 + 16 − 2(24)( 12 )
⇒ AB
=
52 − 24
⇒ AB
=
28
⇒ AB
=
2 7
62
+
42
−
2(6)(4). cos 60 o
Jadi panjang sisi AB adalah 2 7 cm
2. Diketahui segitiga ABC , dengan AB = 7 cm, AC = 8 cm, BC = 5 cm, tentukan tentukan sin A Penyelesaian C
60o 8 cm
5 cm
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Page 8 of 18
maka y =
r 2
− x
2
y = 196 − 121 y = 75 y = 5 3
Sehingga nilai sin A =
5 3 14
Luas Segitiga Untuk memahami menentukan luas segitiga maka kerjakan kegiatan di bawah bawah ini.
Kegiatan 5.3 Tujuan kegiatan : Menemukan rumus menghitung luas segitiga dengan perbandingan trigonometri Permasalahan
: Bagaimana Bagaimana menetukan menetukan luas luas segitiga yang diketahui unsur-unsur unsur-unsur segitiga (panjang sisi dan besar sudut).
Kegiatan
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Page 9 of 18
Luas segitiga ABC di di atas adalah L ∆ ABC = L ∆ ABC = L ∆ ABC = L ∆ ABC =
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
.(alas )(tinggi )
(.......)(CD ) (......)(.............)
atau atau
..................
L ∆ ABC = L ∆ ABC =
1
(.......)(............) 2 1 ............... 2
Contoh : o
B = 30 . 1. Tentukan luas segitiga ABC , jika diketahui AB = 15 cm, BC = 10 cm, ∠ B Penyelesaian C
L
∆ ABC =
L
∆ ABC =
L
∆ ABC =
L
∆ ABC =
10 cm
30o A
15 cm
B
1 2 1 2
( AB )( BC sin 30 o ) 1 (15)(10 )
2
75 2 37,5 cm
2
o
2. Tentukan luas segitiga PQR, jika diketahui ∠ P = 120 , panjang PR = 10, PQ = 8 . Penyelesaian R
L
∆ PQR =
1 2 1
(PQ )(PR )sin P ( )( )
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Page 10 of 18
3. Hitunglah luas segitiga ABC , dengan panjang sisi-sisinya a = 3 m, b= 8 m, c = 9 m Penyelesaian C
Dicari
8 m
3m
dahulu
B
9 m
y
=
27 2
y
=
729 − 169
y
=
560
y
=
4 35
sin B
=
2
− 13
4 35 27
Jadi luas segitiga ABC adalah L
=
L
=
1
(9)(3)sin B 2 27 4 35 2 27
satu
menggunakan aturan kosinus. 82
A
salah
=
92
2
+ 3 − 2(9)(3). cos B
64 = 81 + 9 − 54. cos B cos B
=
cos B
=
cos B
=
64 − 90 − 54
26 54 13 27
sudutnya
dengan
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Page 11 of 18
C. Rangkuman 5 A= β , ∠ B B = ά , ∠ C C = θ , Pada segitiga ABC , jika panjang AB = c, AC = b, BC = a, ∠ A= C
θ b
a
β
ά
A
B
c
berlaku : 1. Aturan sinus a
sin θ
=
b
sin α
=
c
sin β
2. Aturan kosinus 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a = b + c – 2bc.cos ά
b = a + c – 2ac.cos β
c = a + b – 2cb.cos θ
3. Luas segitiga
L
∆ ABC =
L
∆ ABC =
L
∆
1 2 1 2 1
bc sin β ac sin α ab sin θ
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Page 12 of 18
D. Lembar Kerja 5
o
o
1. Diketahui segitiga ABC, dengan panjang BC = 13 cm, ∠ BAC =45 dan ∠ ABC = 30 , tentukan panjang sisi AB. ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................
2. Tentukan besar sudut sudut dan panjang panjang sisi yang belum diketahui dari dari segitiga di bawah. bawah. a.
b. C
R Q
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Page 13 of 18
3. Dalam segitiga ABC diketahui diketahui panjang sisi a = 7, b = 8 dan c = 9, tentukan nilai dari: a. sin A
c. sin B
e. sin C
b. tan A
d. tan B
f. sin C
................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................
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Page 14 of 18
................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ 5. Tentukan luas segitiga ABC jika jika diketahui
∠ A
o
= 120 pajang AC = 10 cm dan
panjang AB = 8 cm ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... .................................. ...... ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ................................................ ...................... 6. Tentukan luas Jajargenjang ABCD di bawah, jika diketahui panjang AB = 8 cm, AD o
= 6, ∠ BAD = 60
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Page 15 of 18
12 m
80o 12 m
6m 60o
120o
12 m 9m 105o
100o 15 m
................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................ ................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................
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Page 16 of 18
4. Sisi-sisi suatu segitiga ABC adalah 3, 3, 5 , dan 7, maka sudut terbesar dari segitiga tersebut adalah 0 0 a. 75 d. 120 0 0 b. 90 e. 150 0 c. 60 5. Dari segitiga ABC diketahui a = 4 cm, b = 3 cm. Jika luas segitiga = 6 2 cm , maka sudut C =…. 0 0 a. 120 d. 45 0 0 b. 90 e. 30 0 c. 60
9. Suatu segitiga ABC diketahui diketahui panjang BC = = 10 cm, AB = 6 cm, dan
a. 10 13
d. 10 17
b. 20 3
e.
c. 10 21
=
o
30 . luas segitiga ABC adalah… a. 60 3
d. 30
b. 30 3
e. 60
c. 15 10. Diketahui segitiga ABC , dengan BC = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm, dan
a. b.
50 c.
2 5 1 3 1 2
∠ A
cos ∠ B adalah….
maka 6. Jika dalam segitiga ABC diketahui sisi BC = 10, AC = 40, dan ∠ C = o 120 , maka AB =
∠ B
5
d.
5
e.
3
2 3 1 2
o
= 30 ,
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Page 17 of 18
13. Pada segitiga ABC diketahui sisi AB = 6 cm, AC =10 =10 cm, dan
∠ A
c. a 7
o
= 60 . 17. Pada segitiga ABC diketahui diketahui a + b =
Panjang BC adalah.. adalah..
o
a. 2 19
d. 2 29
o
10, sudut A = 30 , dan sudut B = 45 . maka panjang sisi b adalah….
b. 3 19
e. 3 29 a. 5
2 −1
d. 10 2 + 2
b. 5 2 − 2
e. 10 1 + 2
c. 4 29 14. Nilai sinus sudut terkecil dari segitiga yang panjang sisinya 5 cm, 6 cm dan
c. 10 2 − 2 18. Pada gambar di bawah, jika PQ =
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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