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Xaoc : kl 48

Ad~ztanz Zmc nke|ct~gke kl OAZZ gezk _ZK ma~ nmaeocj zmc oikdai ztajgeo ce|gtkefcez tcfatbadi% Xatzgnsiati) zmc xma~geo ksz kl zmc Fsizg&lgdct Attaeocfcez -FLA' aej adkigzgke kl O^X g~ a ~ctgks~ nmaiiceoc zk fae jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~% Daeoiajc~m ma~ dcce c}xktzgeo TFO ~snnc~~lsii k|ct zwk jcnajc~ wgzm zmc ikwc~z iadkt nk~z ge zmc tcogke% Gz ai~k ma~ ~sd~zaezgai c}xctgcenc ge ~sdnkeztanzgeo wgzm lktcgoe dsct~% _gzm zmc adkigzgke kl qskza aej O^X) zmc ztajgeo ce|gtkefcez ma~ dcnkfc lgctnci nkfxczgzg|c% Daeoiajc~m) wmk~c cnkekf g~ mca|gi jcxcejcez ke zmg~ ~sd&~cnzkt) wgii ekw ma|c zk nkfxczc aoage~z zc}zgic ogaez~ igbc Nmgea aej Gejga% Aeai~g~ kl zmc gezcteai aej c}zcteai ce|gtkefcez ~sooc~z~ cigfgeazgeo gecllgngcengc~ aej gttcosiatgzgc~ ltkf zmc nksezt‗~ xtkjsnzgke aej c}xktzgeo xtknc~~c~% Zmg~ xaxct lksej ~ztkeo atosfcez~ lkt lktwatj aej danbwatj gezcotazgke) a~ wcii a~ zmc eccj zk xcecztazc gezk ecw fatbcz~) jg|ct~gl gezk ecw xtkjsnz~ aej tciknazc xtkjsnzgke ge ecw atca~%

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Xaoc 3 kl 48

Jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ kl A~ga wgii ekw ma|c zk lanc zmc lgctnc nkfxczgzgke ltkf EGC~ igbc Mkeo Bkeo aej Zmagiaej% C~xcngaii zmc TFO ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m) dcgeo ic~~ cllgngcez aifk~z ge c|ct ~zaoc kl xtkjsnzgke aej fatbczgeo) wgii dc ge a ntgzgnai ~gzsazgke gl xkign fabct~ atc ekz awatc kl zmc nmaeogeo fatbcz nkejgzgke~ aej nae ekz jc|g~c axxtkxtgazc xkign tc~xke~c~ dclktc zgfc tse~ ksz% Kzmct nkseztgc~ ge zmc tcogke ma|c aitcaj zabce ~goeglgnaez ~zcx~ ge ~maxgeo zmcgt nkfxczgzg|c cjoc% Gejga) lkt c}afxic) fkdgigpcj a lsej kl T~% 438 dgiigke -atksej S^*< dgiigke' zk ~mktc sx gz~ TFO gejs~ztgc~ zk lanc zmc nkfgeo ja~‗ gezce~c nkfxczgzgke ekzwgzm~zaejgeo zmaz gz aitcaj ma~ wcii&c~zadig~mcj TFO wgzm ~cil&~sllgngcen ge danbwatj igebaoc~ -Ceacz 1777'%

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Xaoc < kl 48

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Dc~gjc~ zmc ikw nk~z kl iadkt) kec kl zmc fa`kt lanzkt~ dcmgej zmc ~snnc~~ kl TFO g~ zmc a|agiadgigz kl kll~mktc lgeaengeo lkt wktij&xtgncj gexsz~ zmtksom danb&zk&danb iczzct kl ntcjgz -I+N' sejct zmc ~xcngai dkejcj watcmks~c ~nmcfc% Xtc~cenc kl lktcgoe dsct~ g~ ai~k a fa`kt lanzkt zmaz geztkjsnc~ zmc ~~zcf kl gezcteazgkeai ~sdnkeztanzgeo% Lktcgoe dsgeo mks~c~ ekz kei dtgeo zmc gezcteazgkeai fatbcz zk zmc jkkt~zcx kl iknai ceztcxtcecst~) zmc ai~k ce~stc zmc a|agiadgigz kl c~~cezgai gexsz~ ~snm a~ gfxktzcj ladtgn~ aej annc~~ktgc~ annc~~ktgc~ lkt zmc gejs~zt% Zmc ai~k jgj zmc otcazc~z la|kt lkt zmc TFO gejs~zt kl Daeoiajc~m d dtgeogeo zmc iazc~z jc~goe~ aej d fkegzktgeo kszxsz qsaigz% Zmc~c fca~stc~ c~xcngaii ceadicj gec}xctgcencj oatfcez~ ceztcxtcecst~ zk c~zadig~m a ~ztkeo lkkzmkij jstgeo zmc 17=8~%

Eazstc kl zmc gejs~zt Zmc TFO gejs~zt g~ nmatanzctgpcj d gezcteazgkeai ~sdnkeztanzgeo fagei lkt nszzgeo aej fabgeo% Lktcgoect~ jgtcnzi tse fk~z kl zmc dsgeo mks~c~ aej) mcenc) iknai fgjjicfce ma|c igzzic annc~~ zk |aisadic fatbcz gelktfazgke zmaz g~ gejg~xce~adic lkt nkfxczgeo ge a ltcc fatbcz% A~ a tc~siz) dcgeo ge zmc ds~gec~~ lkt fktc zmae zwk jcnajc~) Daeoiajc~m ma~ ekz dcce ~snnc~~lsi ge c~zadig~mgeo ae dtaej eafc~ ge zmc wktij axxatci fatbcz% Gz g~ ai~k ~stxtg~geo zk ekzc zmaz) aizmksom Daeoiajc~m g~ a fa`kt c}xktzct kl TFO) gz ma~ ~mkwe igzzic ~snnc~~ ge jc|cikxgeo gz~ zc}zgic ~sd&~cnzkt% Jc~xgzc zmc c}xae~gke ge TFO) jkfc~zgn ladtgn~ ma|c ekz dcce adic zk fccz zmc oatfcez gejs~zt‗~ taxgji otkwgeo jcfaej) a~ a tc~siz kl wmgnm Daeoiajc~m gfxktz~ 4&> dgiigke atj~ kl ladtgn~ aeesaii zk fccz gz~ c}xktzgeo tcqsgtcfcez~ -_ktij Daeb 1777'% Jstgeo 1771&77 xctgkj gfxktz kl ladtgn sejct danb&zk&danb IN a|ctaocj 3?%=1 xctncez kl zkzai c}xktz~ -Dmazzanmata aej Tamfae 4888'%

O t k w z m a e j ^z ^z t s n z s t c k l z m c g e j s ~ z t  Sezgi zmc cati 17=8~) Gejga aej ^tg Iaeba wctc zmc fa`kt ^kszm A~gae ~sxxigct~ kl TFO zk SÂ aej _c~zcte Cstkxc% Alzct zmc ke~cz kl xkigzgnai xtkdicf~ ge ^tg Iaeba aej a nke~g~zcez aezg&c}xktz ce|gtkefcez ge Gejga) _c~zcte dsct~ aej Ca~zcte xtkjsnct~ dcnafc gezctc~zcj ge ztgeo zmcgt isnb ge Daeoiajc~m) wmgnm wa~ adic zk tc~xkej qsgnbi -^xgeaeoct 4888'% Zmc gejs~zt jcfke~ztazcj ~xcnzansiat otkwzm ~genc zmc 17=8~% Ge 17=> kei 41 segz~ wctc tcog~zctcj wgzm zmc Daeoiajc~m Oatfcez Faeslanzstct~ aej C}xktzct~ A~~kngazgke -DOFCA') wmgnm ocectazcj ~aic~ kl kei adksz S^*18 fgiigke% Zmc |kisfc kl c}xktz wa~ c}ngzgeo zmtksomksz zmc 1778~ aej wa~ *1)481 fgiigke ge 1774&7>) *4)<8= fgiigke ge 1773&7< aej *:)1:7 fgiigke ge 177=&77 -^kstnc kl jaza0 nkfxgicj ltkf C}xktz Xtkfkzgke Dstcas'% Ge LW 177?&7=) zmc ~matc kl TFO ge zkzai c}xktz~ categeo~ wa~ ?> xctncez -_ktij Daeb 1777'% Daeoiajc~mg~ kwe fktc zmae 73 xctncez kl zmc oatfcez lanzktgc~% Zmc gejs~zt jgtcnzi cfxik~ 1%3 fgiigke xckxic -fa`ktgz kl wmkf atc lcfaic' aej gz g~ c~zgfazcj zmaz aekzmct 18&13 fgiigke dceclgz gejgtcnzi% Zmctc atc 13 nkfxaegc~+otksx~) wmgnm atc zmc fa`kt mkijct~ kl qskza~ aej atc naxadic kl xtkjsngeo ge c}nc~~ kl 18)888 jkp% kl oatfcez xct fkezm wgzm ladtgn ksz~kstngeo naxadgigzgc~% Atksej 388 nkfxaegc~ xtkjsngeo dczwcce 3)888 zk 18)888 jkp% xct fkezm wktb fagei lkt gfxktzct~ aej aocez~ aej xtkjsnc adksz mail zmcgt wktb ke Nk~z kl Faeslanzstc -NF' da~g~ aej mail ke LKD da~g~% ^kfc 1388 segz~) xtkjsngeo sx zk 3)888 jkpce xct fkezm) wktb fagei ke ~sd&nkeztanzgeo da~g~% Zmc tcfagegeo 488 nkfxaegc~ atc nia~~glgcj a~ ~gnb s~saii a~ a tc~siz kl lgeaengai xtkdicf~ -^xgeaeoct 4888'% Xaoc ? kl 48

T k i c k l x t c l c t c e z g a i z t c a z f c e z s e j c t F LA L A a e j O^ O^X Fsizg&lgdct Aotccfcez -FLA' aej Ocectaigpcj ^~zcf kl Xtclctcenc -O^X' fk~zi langigzazcj zmc taxgj otkwzm aej c}xae~gke kl zmc gejs~zt% Daeoiajc~mg ceztcxtcecst~ zkkb aj|aezaoc kl FLA aej O^X langigzgc~ zk ~snnc~~lsii cezct gezk zmc S^) Naeaja aej CS fatbcz% Zmc _ktij Daeb Nksezt ^zsj ~mkw~ zmaz jstgeo 17=8~) S^ gfxktzct~ anzg|ci xst~scj gfxktz~ ltkf Daeoiajc~m -_ktij Daeb 1773'% _mgic qskza tc~ztgnzgke~ ke ogaez nkfxczgzkt~ xtk|gjcj a osataezccj fatbcz lkt Daeoiajc~mg oatfcez~ ge SÂ aej Naeaja) xtclctcezgai ztcazfcez sejct O^X aiik wcj Daeoiajc~mg axxatci~ a pctk&zatgll annc~~ zk fatbcz~ kl zmc Cstkxcae Nkffsegz% Qskza aej O^X) zmctclktc) xiacj a ~goeglgnaez tkic ge taxgj otkwzm aej jc|cikxfcez kl TFO gejs~zt ge Daeoiajc~m%

F a `k `k t f a t b c z ~ Zmc c}xktz~ kl Daeoiajc~m atc mgomi nkenceztazcj ge zwk fa`kt fatbcz~0 CS aej SÂ% Ge 177=&77) Daeoiajc~m c}xktzcj 34%: xctncez kl gz~ TFO zk CS% Ge 177=&77) Octfae wa~ zmc fage dsct -1:%3#' lkiikwcj d SB -18#') Ltaenc -=#') Eczmctiaej -3%:#' aej Gzai -3%>#'% Jstgeo zmc ~afc cat) Daeoiajc~m c}xktzcj :>%4# kl gz~ c}xktz~ zk SÂ) wmgic zk Naeaja gz wa~ kei 4%> xctncez -âifa 4888'% Zmc mgom nkenceztazgke ge a lcw fatbcz~ g~ tg~b2 nke~cqscezi Daeoiajc~mg TFO fs~z jg|ct~gl gezk jgllctcez fatbcz~%

F a ` k t n m a e o c ~ ge g e z m c e c w c e | g t ke ke f c e z Fa`kt nmaeoc~ ge zmc ztajgeo ce|gtkefcez genisjc0 Xma~geo ksz kl FLA) genis~gke kl Nmgea gezk _ZK) S^ Ztajc aej Jc|cikxfcez Anz 4888) aej genis~gke kl ~kfc ~kngai nias~c~ gezk zmc _ZK Nmatzct%

Zmc xma~geo ksz kl FLA Zmc xma~geo ksz kl FLA wgii knnst ge lkst ~zaoc~% Zmc ST aotccfcez ce|g~aoc~ zmc xma~c&ksz kl FLA k|ct zmc xctgkj kl zce cat~ ltkf @aesat 1) 1773 aej a qskza ltcc wktij wgii dcoge ltkf @aesat 1) 4883% Ekzc) mkwc|ct) zmaz zmc gezcotazgke ~~zcf g~ danb ikajcj0 fk~z kl zmc gzcf~ kl gezctc~z zk Daeoiajc~m wgii dc gezcotazcj kei ge zmc ia~z ~zaoc kl FLA xma~c ksz) ke @aesat 1) 4883% _gzm zmc xma~geo ksz kl FLA k|ct zmc ikeo zctf) zmctc nksij dc ae gfxktz ~stoc gezk aii zmc~c -wc~zcte' fatbcz~ ltkf zmc fk~z cllgngcez xtkjsnct~) az zmc nk~z kl ic~~ cllgngcez kec~ -_ktij Daeb 1773'% Zmc tcxktz kxgec~ zmaz zmc c|cezsai adkigzgke kl qskza) aej xtgnc aej c}nmaeoc tazc nke~gjctazgke~) nksij jg|ctz lktcgoe dsct~ zk fktc ztajgzgkeai ~kstnc~ ~snm a~ Mkeo Bkeo aej Bktca) kt zk xkzcezgaii nmcaxct ~kstnc~ ~snm a~ \gczeaf) Ecxai aej xctmax~ Iak~ aej Nafdkjga%

Xaoc = kl 48

4

G f f g e c e z g e n i s ~ g k e k l Nm Nm g e a g e z k _ Z K

Zmc mgom igbcigmkkj kl Nmgea‗~ genis~gke gezk _ZK g~ a ~xcngai nkencte xatzgnsiati lkt Daeoiajc~m) dcnas~c Nmgea g~ a fa`kt nkfxczgzkt ge zmc oikdai fatbcz ge fk~z kl zmc gfxktzaez nazcoktgc~ wmctc zmc Tc|caicj Nkfxatazg|c Aj|aezaoc -TNA' kl Daeoiajc~m g~ otcazct zmae kec -Dmazzanmata , Tamfae 4888'% C|gjcenc ~mkw~ zmaz wmce ^wcjce cigfgeazcj aii qskza~ ke Zc}zgic aej Nkzzke -Z,N' xtkjsnz~ ge 1771) a fa~~g|c ~mglz zkkb xianc zkwatj~ Nmgea) wmctca~ nkseztgc~ ge ^kszmca~z A~ga aej ^kszm A~ga matji xtklgzcj% A~ ai~k tc|caicj a lcw cat~ aok) wmce Naeaja segiazctaii tcfk|cj qskza~ ke ~mgtz~ aej diks~c~) zmctc wa~ aoage a fa~~g|c ~mglz zkwatj~ Nmgea aej xatzgnsiati a iatoc ~mglz awa ltkf Daeoiajc~m% _mgic zmc |aisc kl gfxktz~ ltkf zmc lkst eke&KCNJ ~sxxigct~ ge 177< -g%c% Gejga) Mkeo Bkeo) ^kszm Bktca aej Daeoiajc~m' maj jcntca~cj d 43# zmtksom 177=) zmc |aisc kl gfxktz~ ltkf Nmgea maj gentca~cj d 1:8# -^xgeaeoct 4888'% Zmc ocectai axxtcmce~gke g~ zmaz Daeoiajc~mg TFO wgii lanc a ~ctgks~ ~mknb gl zmc ~afc zmgeo maxxce~ aoage%

S ^ Z t a j c a e j Jc J c | c i k x f c e z A n z 4 8 8 8 - S ^Z ^Z JA JA 4 8 8 8 ' Tcncezi a esfdct kl eke&AZN tciazcj gfxktzaez jc|cikxfcez~ ma|c zabce xianc ge zmc oikdai Z,N ztajgeo tcogfc% Kec kl zmk~c g~ zmc S^ Ztajc aej Jc|cikxfcez Anz 4888 -S^ZJA 4888' xtk|gjgeo nkenc~~gke zk zmc Natgddcae aej ^sd&âmatae nkseztgc~% Zmg~ ma~ gfxktzaez gfxignazgke~ lkt TFO kl Daeoiajc~m% Zmc S^ZJA 4888 wa~ aeeksencj ge @aesat 4888 zk dc cllcnzg|c ltkf Knzkdct 4888% Zmc Anz xtk|gjc~ xtclctcezgai ztajc annc~~c~) c~xcngaii lkt zmc zc}zgic aej axxatci ~cnzkt) zk zmc nkseztgc~ kl ^sd âmatae Altgna -^Â' aej zmc Natgddcae Da~ge -NDG'% Zmc ZJA 4888 xtk|gjc~ jsz ltcc aej qskza ltcc annc~~ zk ?4 nkseztgc~ kl ^Â aej NDG) kl wmgnm := nkseztgc~ atc ltkf Altgna aej 4: nkseztgc~ ltkf Natgddcae Da~ge) lkt c}xktz~ kl zc}zgic aej axxatci xtkjsnz~ zk zmc S^ fatbcz -Dmazzanmata , Tamfae 4888'% Zmc~c gegzgazg|c~ genisjc >> kl zmc := nkseztgc~ dcikeogeo zk IJN~% ^genc Daeoiajc~m g~ a fa`kt xiact ge zmc S^ fatbcz -wgzm 1%? dgiigke c}xktz~ ge 1777') zmc cllcnz kl ZJA 4888 fgomz dc jc|a~zazgeo%

G e n i s ~ g k e k l ~ k n g a i n i a s ~ c ~ g e z k _ Z K Nm a t z c t Zmc genis~gke kl ~kngai nias~c~ gezk _ZK Nmatzct fgomz ai~k ma|c ae aj|ct~c gfxanz ke TFO ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m% Xtkxkecez~ Xtkxkecez~ kl zmg~ nias~c -fagei SÂ aej Ltaenc' niagf zmaz tc~ztgnzgke~ ~mksij dc xiancj ke gfxktz~ kl xtkjsnz~ ktgogeazgeo ltkf nkseztgc~ ekz nkfxigeo wgzm a ~xcnglgn ~cz kl fgegfsf iadkt ~zaejatj) ce|gtkefcez) aej cfxikfcez tsic~% Zmg~ fgegfsf ~zaejatj ’zxgnaii genisjc~ ltccjkf kl a~~kngazgke) nkiicnzg|c datoagegeo) xtkmgdgzgke kl lktncj iadkt) cigfgeazgke kl c}xikgzazg|c nmgij iadkt aej eke&jg~ntgfgeazgke‖ -Btscoct 177<'% Annktjgeo zk Tsoogctk gz g~ dcnkfgeo nicat zmaz zmc g~~sc~ kl iadkt ~zaejatj~) ce|gtkefcez) aej cfxikfcez ’wgii dc zmc dgo zmtcc g~~sc~) a~ wgii zmc gezcotazgke kl jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ gezk zmc ztajgeo ~~zcf‖ -Gezcteazgkeai Mctaij Ztgdsec 47 @si 177<) 110 ngzcj ge ^tgeg|a~ae 177<'% Nkfxigaenc wgzm zmc~c ~kngai g~~sc~ fa ctkjc zmc nksezt‗~ ikw&nk~z aj|aezaoc aej eke&nkfxigaenc eke&nkfxigaenc fgomz ~xcii tsge%

Xaoc 7 kl 48

^_KZ ^_KZ Aeai~ g~ Zmc ecw ce|gtkefcez tcxtc~cez~ a ~ctgks~ zmtcaz zk Daeoiajc~m% Ke zmc kec maej) gz g~ kxcegeo a |a~z fatbcz wgzm seigfgzcj c}xktz xkzcezgai~2 ke zmc kzmct maej) gz ~goeai~ lgctnc nkfxczgzgke ltkf zc}zgic ogaez~ igbc Nmgea) Gejga aej) ltkf cllgngcez xtkjsnct~ igbc Zmagiaej) ^tg Iaeba aej \gczeaf% Nkfxczgzgke fa ai~k nkfc ltkf ^sd âmatae Altgna aej zmc Natgddcae nkseztgc~ jsc zk xtclctcezgai ztcazfcez ltkf SÂ zmtksom ZJA 4888% Jgllctcez tcogkeai aotccfcez~ igbc EALZA ai~k axxcat zk dc sela|ktadic lkt zmc TFO ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m% Og|ce zmc nmaeocj ~nceatgk jc~ntgdcj adk|c) zmc lkiikwgeo ~cnzgke~ lkns~ ke ^_KZ -~ztceozm~ , wcabec~~c~ aej kxxktzsegzgc~ , zmtcaz~' aeai~g~ kl zmc TFO gejs~zt kl Daeoiajc~m%

^ztceozm~ Kec kl zmc ~ztceozm~ dcmgej zmc ~snnc~~ kl TFO kl Daeoiajc~m g~ zmc a|agiadgigz kl ikw nk~z iadkt nkfxatcj zk kzmct nkseztgc~ ge zmc tcogke% Zmc iadkt tazc~ ge zc}zgic gejs~zt -nkfxgicj d _atect Gezcteazgkeai' ~mkw zmaz zmc a|ctaoc mksti waoc tazc~ lkt Daeoiajc~m) Gejga) Xabg~zae aej ^tg Iaeba wctc tc~xcnzg|ci S^* 8%4>) *8%3<) *8%:7 aej *8%>7 -Dmazzanmata 1777a'% Dcgeo ge zmc faeslanzstgeo kl TFO lkt zwk jcnajc~) Daeoiajc~m ekw xk~~c~~c~ a iatoc xkki kl ~bgiicj , ~cfg~bgiicj faexkwct% Fktck|ct) zmctc atc fae secfxikcj kseo fce aej wkfce wmk nae ca~gi dc nke|ctzcj gezk a ~bgiicj wktblktnc gl eccjcj% Og|ce zmc lagti ikeo icategeo nst|c ge zmg~ gejs~zt) c}zce~g|c c}xctgcenc ge jcaigeo wgzm lktcgoe dsct~) kll~mktc daebct~) ~mgxxct~) aej Nicatgeo aej Lktwatjgeo -N,L' aocez~ g~ a |aisadic a~~cz lkt zmc c}xktzct~ kl Daeoiajc~m%

_cabec~~c~ Jcxcejcenc ke kzmct~ lkt taw fazctgai~) ikw xtkjsnzg|gz) igfgzcj bekwicjoc ge gezcteazgkeai fatbczgeo gelktfazgke) xkkt gelta~ztsnzstc) xkigzgnai ge~zadgigz) jg~tsxzg|c ztajc segkeg~f) gecllgngcen ge xktz faeaocfcez) aej c}nc~~g|c jcxcejcenc ke TFO ~sd&~cnzkt atc zmc fa`kt wcabec~~c~ kl zmc gejs~zt% Zmc gejs~zt g~ mca|gi jcxcejcez ke kzmct~ lkt ksz~kstngeo kl taw fazctgai~ ~snm a~ nikzmgeo aej annc~~ktgc~% Daeoiajc~m g~ nsttcezi gfxktzgeo taw fazctgai~ -ota ladtgn~' lkt gz~ TFO lanzktgc~ ltkf nkseztgc~ igbc Gejga) Nmgea aej Zmagiaej sejct danb&zk&danb I+N~% Ge a qskza ltcc ce|gtkefcez) zmc~c nkseztgc~ wgii kd|gks~i zt zk c}xktz lgeg~mcj axxatci~ zk Ektzm Afctgnae fatbcz~ tazmct zmae ~cii ladtgn~ zk nkseztgc~ igbc Daeoiajc~m -Dmazzanmata 1777d'% _gzm cqsai annc~~ zk zmc wktij fatbcz) zmc~c jgtcnz nkfxczgzkt~ wgii cgzmct ~zkx ~ciigeo fazctgai~ zk zmcgt nkfxczgzkt~ igbc Daeoiajc~m -a ~ztazcogn fk|c' kt nmatoc mgomct xtgnc~ lkt zmcgt fazctgai~ -dcnas~c kl gentca~cj gezcteai jcfaej'% Ge cgzmct na~c) Daeoiajc~m wgii lanc jgllgnsiz ge xtknstgeo zmc tcqsgtcj taw fazctgai~ az tca~keadic xtgnc~% Aekzmct fa`kt ~mktznkfgeo kl zmc axxatci ~cnzkt g~ zmc ikw xtkjsnzg|gz kl gz~ wktbct~% Zmc iadktct xtkjsnzg|gz kl Daeoiajc~m g~ fsnm ikwct zmae zmaz kl ^tg Iaeba) ^kszm Bktca aej Mkeo Bkeo -Tcpa) Ta~mgj aej Tamfae 177='% Ikw xtkjsnzg|gz fgomz ctkjc zmc aj|aezaoc kl ikw nk~z kl iadkt kl Daeoiajc~m%

Xaoc 18 kl 48

C}xktzct~ kl Daeoiajc~m ai~k ma|c igfgzcj annc~~ zk nsttcez fatbcz gezciigocenc aej gezcteazgkeai ztajc gelktfazgke -_ktij Daeb 1777' dcnas~c) ~k lat) lktcgoe dsgeo mks~c~ ma|c dcce jkfgeazgeo zmc fatbczgeo xatz kl zmc ds~gec~~% Ge a xk~z FLA cta) gl zmc~c dsgeo mks~c~ ~mglz zmcgt da~c~ zk kzmct nkseztgc~) Daeoiajc~mg Daeoiajc~mg c}xktzct~ fa lanc ~ctgks~ xtkdicf~ ge lgejgeo zmcgt sizgfazc dsct~% Az xtc~cez) xtkdicf~ ge xktz faeaocfcez atc a ~ctgks~ nmaiiceoc zk TFO gejs~zt kl Daeoiajc~m% Zmc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz g~ zmc fk~z gfxktzaez cezt aej c}gz xkgez lkt ztajc aej nkffctnc kl zmc nksezt% Aifk~z 78 xctncez kl zmc c}xktz~ aej ?3 xctncez kl zmc gfxktz~ kl Daeoiajc~m atc annkfxig~mcj zmtksom zmc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz -Msq) 4888'% Zmctclktc) gz g~ nke~gjctcj a~ zmc nksezt‗~ cnkekfgn iglcigec% Zmc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz g~ kec kl zmc fk~z gecllgngcez aej nkttsxz xktz~ ge zmc wktij% A _ktij Daeb -1777' ~zsj c~zgfazcj zmaz maejigeo nmatoc~ lkt a 48&lkkz nkezagect wctc *<:8 ge Nmgzzaokeo nkfxatcj wgzm *448 ge Nkikfdk aej *><8 ge Daeobkb% Zmc ~zsj ajjcj) gecllgngcen az Nmgzzaokeo xktz nksij dc nk~zgeo zmc cnkekf a~ fsnm a~ *<88 fgiigke aeesaii% Dc~gjc~ zmg~) zmctc atc esfctks~ jcfaej~ lkt ’sejct&zmc&zadic‖ xafcez~ zmaz atc tcxktzcji tcqsgtcj az c|ct ~zcx kl c}xktz xtknc~~geo) ltkf kxcegeo kl iczzct~ kl ntcjgz zk zmc nicataenc kl okkj~ ltkf Ns~zkf~% Annktjgeo zk a ~st|c -NXJ 177?') zmc mgjjce nk~z~ xagj d gfxktzct~ xct nke~goefcez taeocj ltkf Zb%:)?88 zk Zb%><)=88 -adksz S^*188 zk *?>3'% Zmc~c gecllgngcengc~ aej nkttsxzgke ~ctgks~i mafxct zmc nkfxczgzg|cec~~ kl Daeoiajc~mg oatfcez ge zmc wktij fatbcz% Dc~gjc~ esfctks~ xtkncjstai) xm~gnai aej+kt gelta~ztsnzstc tciazcj dkzzicecnb~2 ~kfc ~kngkxkigzgnai nke~cqscenc~ ma|c ajjcj lsci zk zmc nmtkegn ok&~ikw aej nkeoc~zgke xtkdicf az zmc xktz% ^kfc kl >

zmc~c xtkdicf~ atc 0 

Ltcqscez wktb ~zkxxaoc d jgllctcez ~ct|gnc xtk|gjct~) jknb iadktct~) ztae~xktz wktbct~ czn% -Zmc Xktz tcfagecj nik~cj lkt ?84 mkst~ ~genc 1777 zk fgj 4888'%

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C}nc~~g|c jknb iadkt segkeg~f -zmctc atc adksz >8 jgllctcez aocengc~+otksx~ genisjgeo 44 wktbct~ segke~'%

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Xkigzgngpazgke kl Nkiicnzg|c Datoagegeo Aocez~ -NDA'%

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Jgtcnz ge|ki|cfcez kl xkwctlsi iknai xkigzgngae~) cigzc aej fs~nicfce%

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Giicoai otazglgnazgke xtanzgnc~ -gz ma~ dcce a nkffke xmcekfceke xmcekfceke ~genc ikeo'%

Zmc~c |c~zcj gezctc~z otksx~ atc ~k xkwctlsi zmaz zmc wctc adic zk ~zkx zmc Ok|ctefcez‗~ azzcfxz~ zk nke~ztsnz a xtg|azc nkezagect zctfgeai ecat zmc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz aej aekzmct az Xazceoa wmgnm wctc ~sxxk~cj zk dc lsejcj d zmc A~gae Jc|cikxfcez Daeb% Zmg~ aej fae ~gfgiat anzg|gzgc~ kl jgllctcez otksx~ atc sejksdzcji seiawlsi dsz gz ~ccf~ zmaz ekdkj ma~ zmc adgigz zk ~zkx gz% Lkt sejsc jcia~ jsc zk zmc~c ~kngkxkigzgnai lanzkt~) ~c|ctai zgfc~ maj zmc ^geoaxktc da~cj NLZN gfxk~cj ’Nkeoc~zgke ^stnmatoc‖% Ge a tcncez fc~~aoc -@si 4888' zk nkenctecj fgeg~ztgc~) B&fatz Lat Ca~z Izj% ma~ c}xtc~~cj jccx nkencte k|ct zmc jczctgktazgke kl zmc faeaocfcez kl Nmgzzaokeo Xktz% Zmc la} fc~~aoc ~a~0 ’Bfatz nae ek ikeoct ~gz ke zmc ~gjcigec~ wgzmksz fabgeo kst nkencte~ bekwe zk zmc Daeoiajc~m ok|ctefcez% … Bfatz nae ekz allktj zk ik~c c|ce kec ja kl ~ciigeo zgfc jsc zk gecllgngcengc~ aej ~ztgbc~ az zmc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz% Bfatz naeekz aej wgii ekz anncxz a 3# tcjsnzgke kl ~mcil iglc jsc zk ksz~gjc g~~sc~ ~snm a~ gecllgngcez xktz langigzgc~ aej kxctazgke~% … Bfatz wgii dc waznmgeo |ct nik~ci mkw zmc Daeoiajc~m ok|ctefcez tcanz~ zk tcncez c|cez~ -~ztgbc~') aej mkw fsnm ge|c~zfcez g~ fajc gezk sxotajgeo zmc Xktz kl Nmgzzaokeo gezk a wktij nia~~ xktz% _gzmksz xk~gzg|c tc~xke~c aej anzgke~ -ekz wktj~' ltkf Daeoiajc~m ok|ctefcez) Bfatz fctnmaez~ wgii dc lktncj zk tcjsnc kst ge|c~zfcez ge zmc Daeoiajc~m oatfcez gejs~zt aej xianc lszstc ds~gec~~ ge Gejga) Nceztai Afctgna) Altgna) czn% -La} fc~~aoc ke 41 @si 4888 az 13017'‖%

Xaoc 11 kl 48

Zmc fc~~aoc nicati ~mkw~ zmc ~c|ctgz kl zmc xtkdicf aej zmc tcanzgke~ kl |aiscj ns~zkfct~% Xkkt gelta~ztsnzstc) ltcqscez xkwct lagistc~) selagt jcaigeo~ ge ok|ctefcez kllgnc~ aej xkigzgnai ge~zadgigz wgzm ltcqscez aej se~nmcjsicj matzai~ -~ztgbc~' atc ajjgzgkeai xtkdicf~% Zmc xkzcezgai jaeoct g~ zmaz gl wc lagi zk zabc gffcjgazc nkttcnzg|c anzgke aoage~z zmc~c xtanzgnc~) Nmgzzaokeo Xktz fgomz dc jcniatcj a~ ae c}nis~gke pkec d gezcteazgkeai ~mgxxgeo nkencte~%

Kxxktzsegzgc~ Zmc otcazc~z kxxktzsegzgc~ igc ke zmc seigfgzcj fatbcz ksz~gjc Daeoiajc~m% Ge a qskza ltcc wktij) zmc Segzcj Eazgke~ Nkffg~~gke lkt Ztajc aej Jc|cikxfcez -SENZAJ 17=<' c~zgfazcj zmaz tcfk|ai kl zmc FLA aej zatgll~ d jc|cikxcj nkseztgc~ wgii c}xaej c}xktz~ kl nikzmgeo d 1>3 xctncez aej zc}zgic d ?= xctncez% Ztcia aej _maiic -1778') s~geo a oikdai ocectai cqsgigdtgsf fkjci) c~zgfazcj zmaz zmc nmaeoc wgii dc fsnm iatoct0 zmc |aisc kl gfxktz~ kl zc}zgic~ aej nikzmgeo wgii tg~c d >83 xctncez ge zmc S^) 488 xctncez ge Naeaja) aej 178 xctncez ge CS% Zmg~ gejgnazc~ zmaz xma~geo ksz kl qskza wgii c}xaej zmc fatbcz ztcfcejks~i% A~ga d lat g~ zmc iatoc~z xiact ge zmc wktij zc}zgic aej nikzmgeo fatbcz aej) gejs~zt c}xctz~ atc nkelgjcez zmaz) k|ctaii) A~ga ~zgii wgii jkfgeazc -At|gej cz% ai% 177<'% Aizmksom Daeoiajc~m iao~ dcmgej ge zmc zc}zgic ~sd&~cnzkt) gz g~ |ct igbci zmaz zmc ~cnzkt wgii ocz a dkk~z zmtksom lktwatj gezcotazgke wgzm TFO% Ge zmc begzzgeo ~cnzkt) Daeoiajc~m oagecj ~sd~zaezgai nkfxczgzg|c aj|aezaoc k|ct mct nkfxczgzkt~% Annktjgeo zk zmc Daeoiajc~m Begzwcat Faeaocfcez aej C}xktzct~ A~~kngazgke -DBFCA'0 zmc nk~z kl ate xtkjsnzgke xct bo% ge zmc xtg|azc ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m g~ kei S^*1%:=) wmctca~ ge Gejga gz g~ *1%?=) ge Xabg~zae *1%<8) ge @axae *4%>=) ge Bktca *1%?> aej ge Zmagiaej *4%?= -GLN 177= ngzcj ge Dmazzanmata 1777'% Zmctclktc) begz&TFO ma~ a okkj xtk~xcnz lkt Daeoiajc~m ge xk~z FLA xctgkj% Zmc axxatci ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m fagei c}xktz~ ikw&nk~z xtkjsnz~ zk zmc gezcteazgkeai fatbcz% Dsz ~mc nae fk|c gezk mgom |aisc ajjcj xtkjsnz~ zmtksom jg|ct~glgnazgke% Zmg~ g~ ekz gfxk~~gdic og|ce mct zwk jcnajc~ kl c}xctgcenc) okkj tciazgke~mgx wgzm dsct~) wktijwgjc tcxszazgke) aej xtc~cenc ge qsaigz& nke~ngks~ Segzcj ^zazc~ aej CS fatbcz~% Tcncezi gz ma~ aitcaj xcecztazcj zmc jgllgnsiz dsz isntazg|c qsaigz&nke~ngks~ qsaigz&nke~ngks~ @axaec~c fatbcz%

Zmtcaz~ Zmc dgooc~z zmtcaz wgii dc zmc lgctnc nkfxczgzgke ltkf cllgngcez xtkjsnct~ igbc Mkeo Bkeo) Nmgea) Gejga) Zmagiaej) aej ^tg Iaeba) \gczeaf aej fae ^Â aej Natgddcae nkseztgc~% Zmtcaz~ fgomz nkfc ekz kei ltkf fatbczgeo dsz ai~k ltkf ksz~kstngeo% A~ fcezgkecj catigct) fktc zmae 73 xctncez ladtgn~ atc gfxktzcj ltkf jgtcnz nkfxczgzkt~% Zmc xkzcezgai jaeoct alzct 4883 g~ zmaz zmc~c nkseztgc~ fgomz cgzmct ~zkx ~ciigeo zmcgt taw fazctgai~ zk Daeoiajc~m kt gentca~c zmc xtgnc kl zmcgt fazctgai~ ztcfcejks~i% _mazc|ct fa dc zmc na~c) Daeoiajc~m wgii ik~c ~kfc nkfxczgzg|c cjoc ge zmc wktij fatbcz% Ce|gtkefcezai g~~sc~) iadkt ~zaejatj) Ztajc Tciazcj A~xcnz~ kl Gezciicnzsai Xtkxctz Tgomz~ -ZTAGXT' czn% fgomz ai~k axxcat a~ a jcaji zmtcaz zk jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ igbc Daeoiajc~m% Ge zmc wktj~ kl Tcpa -177<'0 ’Aizmksom jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ atc ekz dcgeo ~geoicj ksz lkt ce|gtkefcezai g~~sc~) dcgeo xkktct) zmc naeekz kd|gks~i fagezage tgoktks~ ce|gtkefcezai ~zaejatj~% Fktck|ct) zmc lanz zmaz zmcgt nkfxczgzg|c aj|aezaoc klzce igc~ ge eazstai tc~kstnc~ aej xkiiszgke&gezce~g|c gejs~ztgc~ gfxigc~ zmaz zmc atc |siectadic zk dcgeo xtc~~stcj zk celktnc ~ztgnzct ~zaejatj~ kt lanc ic~~ fatbcz annc~~ lkt zmcgt c}xktz~ zk jc|cikxcj nkseztgc~‖% Xaoc 14 kl 48

Kzmct g~~sc~ igbc nmgij iadkt ma|c aitcaj xtk|cj a~ a ~ce~gzg|c g~~sc ge zmc wc~zcte fatbcz% :

Nkfxigaenc zk zmc Tsic~ kl Ktgoge -TKK' fa zmtcazce zmc lszstc fatbcz annc~~ aej xctlktfaenc kl TFO ~cnzkt kl Daeoiajc~m% Ge zmc na~c kl wk|ce&TFO) a zwk&~zaoc) aej ge zmc na~c kl begz&TFO) a zmtcc&~zaoc ztae~lktfazgke -nkzzke zk ate) ate zk ladtgn~) aej ladtgn~ zk TFO' xtknc~~ g~ tcqsgtcj lkt gfxktzcj ate ltkf Gejga% Daeoiajc~m c}xktzct~ ai~k maj zk xa danb c}cfxzcj jszgc~ afksezgeo zk adksz S^*<8 fgiigke -a~ xct ae aotccfcez ge Knzkdct 177?' zk CS ke zmc otksej~ kl TKK |gkiazgke aej ngtnsf|cezgke -Dmazzanmata) 1777'% Tcogkeaig~f g~ aekzmct zmtcaz zk zmc gejs~zt% Zmc _ktij Daeb nksezt ~zsj -1773' c}xtc~~c~ gz~ nkencte~ zmaz ’K|ct zmc fcjgsf zctf gz g~ ai~k xk~~gdic zmaz EALZA fa icaj zk a jg~xiancfcez kl Ca~z A~gae TFO gfxktz~ gezk zmc S%^% aej Naeaja% Zk zmc c}zcez zmc~c c}xktz~ d zmc fktc cllgngcez Ca~z A~gae xtkjsnct~ atc zmce jg|ctzcj zk zmc Cstkxcae Nkffsegz) zmc fa zcej zk jg~xianc Daeoiajc~m‗~ TFO c}xktz~ gezk Cstkxc‖% Ge zmc S^ fatbcz aekzmct nmaiiceoc wgii nkfc ltkf Fc}gnae axxatci gejs~zt wmctc gz ma~ pctk zatgll annc~~ dcnas~c kl EALZA% Fc}gnk‗~ ~matc ge S^ nikzmgeo gfxktz~ gentca~cj d k|ct 488# ge zmc xctgkj 177>&7= -^xgeaeoct 4888'% C}zce~gke kl EALZA fcfdct~mgx fcfdct~mgx zk zmc kzmct Iazge Afctgnae aej Natgddcae nkseztgc~ fa aoota|azc zmc ~gzsazgke lstzmct -Tamfae , Tappaqsc) 177=2 ge Dmazzanmata 1777'%

^sffat Az zmc dcogeegeo) zmc gejs~zt wa~ wcii zabce d xtg|azc ceztcxtcecst~ aej ~ztkeoi ~sxxktzcj d zmc xkigngc~ kl zmc ok|ctefcez kl Daeoiajc~m% Xmcekfceai c}xae~gke kl TFO gejs~zt ge 17=8~ aej ~xcnzansiat otkwzm ge 1778~ wctc fagei jsc zk xtclctcezgai ztcazfcez ltkf SÂ aej CS sejct FLA aej O^X tc~xcnzg|ci% Mkwc|ct) gz wa~ k|cti jkfgeazcj d lktcgoe dsgeo mks~c~‚xatzgnsiati ge fatbczgeo a~xcnz~% Gz g~ ztsc zmaz lktcgoect~ dtksomz gejg~xce~adic cicfcez~ igbc naxgzai) zcnmegnai bekw&mkw) iazc~z jc~goe~ aej) adk|c aii) |aiscj nigcez~ lkt zmc gejs~zt) dsz zmc ~~zcf bcxz iknai c}xktzct~ awa ltkf zmc iazc~z fatbcz gelktfazgke% Dcgeo a xiact ge a xtkzcnzcj fatbcz nkejgzgke) zmc gejs~zt lciz igzzic stocen ge anmgc|geo cllgngcen ge xtkjsnzgke) c}xktz xtknc~~geo aej fatbczgeo kl mct xtkjsnz% Zmc gejs~zt ma~ dcce ~sllctgeo ltkf fae dkzzicecnb~ ~snm a~ wcab gelta~ztsnzstc langigzgc~) selagt jcaigeo~ ge ok|ctefcez kllgnc~) gecllgngcen ge xktz faeaocfcez) aej ltcqscez se~nmcjsicj matzai~ -~ztgbc~' dcnas~c kl xtkikeocj xkigzgnai nkelignz aej daj xtanzgnc~ kl ztajc segkeg~f% Afgj ~snm a jg~tsxzg|c azfk~xmctc) zmc kei tca~keadic da~g~ kl ~st|g|ai kl zmc gfxktz&da~cj c}xktz&ktgcezcj gejs~zt wa~ zmc a|agiadgigz kl ikw&nk~z iadkt ge zmc nksezt% Zmc nke|ct~gke kl OAZZ gezk _ZK) xma~geo ksz kl FLA) mgom xk~~gdgigz kl Nmgea‗~ genis~gke gezk _ZK) aej S^ ZJA 4888 ma~ dtksomz zmc TFO gejs~zt kl Daeoiajc~m az a ntk~~tkaj) langeo zmc nmaiiceoc~ kl oikdaigpazgke% Zmc ecw ~maxc kl zmc fatbcz g~ c}zcejgeo fae nmaiiceoc~ zk zmc gejs~zt% ^kfc kl zmcf atc0 nicaegeo aii gezcteai gecllgngcengc~) faeaogeo xktz~ cllcnzg|ci) dsgijgeo danbwatj , lktwatj igebaoc~) jg|ct~glgeo kl xtkjsnz igec~) ~catnmgeo lkt ecw fatbcz~ aej) ia~z dsz ekz ica~z) azzagegeo xkigzgnai nke~ce~s~ ke bccxgeo zmc eazgkeai gezctc~z adk|c zmc gezctc~z kl xatz kt xct~ke%

Tcnkffcejazgke~ Og|ce zmc adtsxz nmaeoc~ ge zmc oikdai ztajgeo ce|gtkefcez aej ^_KZ aeai~g~) Daeoiajc~m ~mksij zabc gffcjgazc anzgke zk nke|ctz mct wcabec~~c~ gezk ~ztceozm~) aej zmtcaz~ gezk kxxktzsegzgc~% Zmc fa`kt xtkdicf~ nae dc jg|gjcj gezk gezcteai aej c}zcteai g~~sc~%

Xaoc 1> kl 48

Gez cteai g~~sc~ Gezcteai xtkdicf~ atc zmk~c zmaz atc nkeztkiiadic% Zmc~c genisjc c~zadig~mgeo danbwatj igebaoc~) ce~stgeo cllgngcez faeaocfcez kl xktz~) azzagegeo mgomct xtkjsnzg|gz) cigfgeazgeo nkttsxzgke aej azzagegeo xkigzgnai nke~ce~s~ ke ztcazgeo TFO a~ ae cfctocen gejs~zt aej bccxgeo gz xtkzcnzcj ltkf xkigzgnai jg~zstdaenc%

D s g i j ge ge o d a n b w a t j i g e b a o c ~ Zmc xtkdicf kl ksz~kstngeo kl ladtgn ~mksij dc kl nceztai nkencte% Daeoiajc~m ~zgii gfxktz~ 4&> dgiigke atj~ kl ladtgn aeesaii zk fccz mct c}xktz tcqsgtcfcez~ -_ktij Daeb 1777'% Annktjgeo zk a ~zsj d zmc Fgeg~zt kl Zc}zgic~) zmc c~zadig~mfcez kl ajcqsazc danbwatj igebaoc wgii eccj ~czzgeo sx kl 1>3 ~xgeegeo fgii~) ><8 wca|geo fgii~) >4? jcgeo aej lgeg~mgeo fgii~) 1888 begzzgeo segz~ aej 8%4 fgiigke ecw maejikkf~% Zmg~ wksij tcqsgtc ae ge|c~zfcez kl * 1%= dgiigke% Zmc _ktij Daeb -1777') mkwc|ct) c~zgfazc~ zmg~ afksez zk dc *> dgiigke% Gz g~ nicat zmaz zmg~ fatbcz g~ isntazg|c jsc zk gz~ ~gpc aej osataezccj ~aic~ gl gezcteazgkeaii anncxzadic xtkjsnzgke xtkjsnzgke g~ xk~~gdic% Mkwc|ct) zmc ge|c~zfcez g~ cgzmct zkk iatoc kt zkk tg~b lkt a ~geoic xtg|azc ceztcxtcecst zk c~zadig~m a fkjcte zc}zgic fgii% Zmctclktc) a ~sgzadic kxzgke igc~ ge okgeo lkt `kgez |cezstc~ wgzm fsizgeazgkeai nkfxaegc~) wmgnm wgii dtgeo ekz kei ecnc~~at lgeaenc~ dsz ai~k zmc iazc~z zcnmekikognai bekw&mkw lkt zmc gejs~zt% Zmc Ok|ctefcez ~mksij ntcazc a nkeocegai azfk~xmctc aej zabc xk~gzg|c ~zcx~ zk cenkstaoc -lktcgoe aej iknai' xtg|azc ceztcxtcecst~ aej xtk|gjc ecnc~~at gelta~ztsnzstc langigzgc~ lkt ~czzgeo sx kl fkjcte zc}zgic fgii~% Azztanzgeo ~snm ge|c~zfcez~ ge c}xktz xtknc~~geo pkec~ -CXP' g~ a tca~keadic kxzgke% A nkfxtcmce~g|c ~ztazcogn xiae g~ c~~cezgai lkt zmc ~st|g|ai kl zmc TFO gejs~zt kl Daeoiajc~m ge zmc ecw fgiiceegsf% Mail mcatzcj azzcfxz~ fctci zk tag~c fkec zmtksom zmc g~~saenc kl gejs~ztgai dkej~ atc ekz ceksom% Tazmct) a~ Ceacz Ta~si ~zazc~ -1777'0 ’Zmc stocen jgnzazc~ zmaz ok|ctefcez aej gz~ xatzect~ ge zmc xtg|azc ~cnzkt ~mksij dc jtawgeo sx a xiae kl anzgke ge jczagi) ltkf cej zk cej) ~mkwgeo nicati zmc zkzai afksez kl tc~kstnc~ eccjcj lkt danbwatj igebaoc~ igebaoc~ gejs~ztgc~) zmc c}anz wa~ kl tag~geo zmc ~afc aej zmc ~matgeo kl igadgigzgc~‖% A~ c~zadig~mgeo a nkfxiczci ecw zc}zgic fgii g~ nk~zi) tg~b aej zgfc nke~sfgeo) c}g~zgeo ~zazc&kwecj zc}zgic fgii~ nae dc s~cj a~ a ~zatzgeo xkgez% Ge ~snm a na~c) faeaocfcez ~mksij dc ztae~lcttcj zk a xtg|azc igfgzcj nkfxae ntcazcj lkt zmg~ xstxk~c aej icj d DOFCA% ^matc~ aej dkej~ ~mksij dc ~kij zk c}g~zgeo TFO kwect~ ke a nkfxczgzg|c kt xtk&taza da~g~% A dtgcl jc~ntgxzgke kl zmg~ gjca g~ xtc~cezcj ge Axxcejg} A% Ekzc) mkwc|ct) zmaz danbwatj igebaoc anzg|gzgc~ atc oagegeo fkfcezsf aej tcncg|geo ~sd~zaezgai lg~nai aej fkeczat ~sxxktz ltkf zmc ok|ctefcez% Zwk ~snm ~sxxktz~ atc jsz ltcc gfxktz kl naxgzai okkj~ 3

aej Na~m Nkfxce~azgke ^nmcfc -NN^' % Az xtc~cez <8&?8 xctncez kl zmc gexsz~ lkt begz&TFO g~ nkfgeo ltkf iknai ~kstnc~ wmctca~ zmc ~matc kl iknai ladtgn lkt wk|ce&TFO g~ kei 14&13 xctncez -Dmazzanmata aej Tamfae) 4888'%

Xaoc 1: kl 48

A z z a g e g e o m g o m ct c t x t kj kj s n z g | g z  Jc|cikxfcez kl danbwatj igebaoc~ aikec naeekz ce~stc zmc ~st|g|ai kl zmc TFO gejs~zt seic~~ zmc nk~z kl xtkjsnzgke g~ bcxz ikwct zmae zmaz kl nkfxczgzkt~% Kei ikw&nk~z iadkt wgii ek ikeoct dc ~sllgngcez zk fagezage zmc ~zazs~ qsk dcnas~c zc}zgic ogaez~ -igbc Nmgea aej Gejga' aej ikw nk~z xtkjsnct~ -igbc \gczeaf) Ecxai) Iak~) Nafdkjga czn%' fa dxa~~ Daeoiajc~m ae zgfc% Zmtksom xtclctcezgai ~sxxktz ltkf S^ ZJA 4888) ^Â aej NDG nkseztgc~ fa ai~k naxzstc zmc fa`kt fatbcz ~matc kl Daeoiajc~m% Lstzmctfktc) nkezgesks~ geek|azgke ge zc}zgic zcnmekiko fa dtgeo jkwe zmc gezce~gz kl iadkt nkezcez aej tcjsnc zmc nk~z kl xtkjsnzgke ~goeglgnaezi% Nkezgesks~ cllktz~ ~mksij) zmctclktc) dc c}ctzcj zk tcjsnc zmc nk~z kl jkgeo ds~gec~~ d gentca~geo xtkjsnzg|gz% Zk cemaenc zmc xtkjsnzg|gz kl iadkt) gezce~g|c ztagegeo g~ c~~cezgai% ^stxtg~geoi zmctc g~ matji) gl ae) ~snm ztagegeo ncezct lkt oatfcez wktbct~ ge Daeoiajc~m% Zmc naxangz kl zmc tcncezi c~zadig~mcj <

”DOFCA Ge~zgzszc kl La~mgke aej Zcnmekiko‗ -DGLZ ' g~ c}ztcfci igfgzcj aej gz g~ agfcj az xtkjsngeo kei zcnmegngae~ igbc ceogecct~ aej la~mgke jc~goect~ zk tcxianc mgom&xagj lktcgoe c}xctz~ ge zmc gejs~zt% Daeoiajc~m ok|ctefcez ~mksij zabc ~gfgiat ~zcx~) ge nkkxctazgke wgzm DOFCA) zk c~zadig~m ztagegeo ge~zgzszc~ + ncezct~ lkt TFO wktbct~) ge~xcnzkt~) ~sxct|g~kt~ aej kzmct~% C}g~zgeo mgomct cjsnazgkeai ge~zgzszgke~ + seg|ct~gzgc~ ~mksij dc cenkstaocj zk geztkjsnc nkst~c~ tciazcj zk kxctazgke~ faeaocfcez aej gezcteazgkeai fatbczgeo kl oatfcez~% Kllctgeo~ kl ~nmkiat~mgx~ aej xagj gezcte~mgx xtkotaf~ ge TFO lanzktgc~ fa azztanz dtgomzct ~zsjcez~ zk zmg~ lgcij kl ~zsj% @kd osataezcc lkt c}nciicez ~zsjcez~ fa ai~k dc mcixlsi% Zmc ~kngcz ge ocectai ai~k xctncg|c~ zmaz wktbgeo ge a oatfcez lanzkt g~ jcfcaegeo% A~ a tc~siz) zmc fa`ktgz kl zmc wktbct~ nkfc ltkf ~isf jwciict~ wgzm igzzic kt ek cjsnazgke% Zmg~ g~ kec kl zmc tca~ke~ kl ikw xtkjsnzg|gz% Dczzct wktbgeo nkejgzgke~ wgzm tca~keadic xa fa gfxtk|c zmc ~gzsazgke zk azztanz fgj zk sxxct&fgj ic|ci wcii&cjsnazcj ngzgpce~ kl zmc ~kngcz) wmgnm fa mcix gfxtk|c zmc xtkjsnzg|gz kl iadkt ~goeglgnaezi%

C e ~ s t g eo eo c l l g n g c e z f a e a o c f c e z k l x k t z ~ A tcncez ~zsj cezgzicj ’Nmgzzaokeo Xktz0 Xtkdicf~ aej ^kiszgke~‖ d zmc Afctgnae Nmafdct kl Nkffctnc ge Daeoiajc~m -Nkkb~ke aej Amfcj) 4888' jczcnzcj fae xtkdicf~ aej xtc~ntgdcj |ct tcaig~zgn aej aotccadic ~kiszgke~ -ge adtgjocj lktf' a~ lkiikw~0 1% Kxctazc zmc xktz lkt 4: mkst~ a ja) ? ja~ a wccb zk tcjsnc tcjsnc zmc zste atksej zgfc lkt nkezagect |c~~ci~% 4% ^zkx aii zkii nkiicnzgke~ zmaz zabc~ xianc xianc az zmc cezt aej a~ wcii a~ wgzmge wgzmge zmc xktz% Zmc~c zkii~ nas~c jcia aej gentca~c nk~z~% >% Celktnc zmc iadkt iaw~ iaw~ zmaz igfgz zmc esfdct kl kl NDA~ aiikwcj ge ae ktoaegpazgke zk zmtcc% :% Cenkstaoc zmc c~zadig~mfcez c~zadig~mfcez kl fktc kll jknb nkezagect nkezagect ltcgomz ~zazgke~ -NL^' -dkzm lkt c}xktzcj c}xktzcj aej gfxktzcj nkezagect~' aej xctfgz xtg|azc ~cnzkt zk zabc k|ct ~kfc kl zmc lsenzgke~ kl maejigeo nkezagect~% Zmg~ wgii tcjsnc zmc ~xanc xtc~~stc ke zmc xktz aej fgegfgpc jcia~ ge maejigeo taw fazctgai~% 3% ^gfxigl zmc ajfgeg~ztazgke ajfgeg~ztazgke kl |c~~ci~ cezctgeo zmc xktz aej tcjsnc tcjsnc zmc esfdct kl lktf~ zk dc nkfxiczcj && ltkf :8 -ekw' zk ? -a~ ge fk~z xktz~'% <%

Anzg|azc zmc xtkxk~cj xtkxk~cj A~gae Jc|cikxfcez Jc|cikxfcez Daeb ikae xtk`cnz aej aej fkjctegpc fkjctegpc Nmgzzaokeo Xktz% Xktz% Zmc axxtkanm kl zmc ikae g~ zk aiikw xtg|azgpazgke kl ~kfc xktz kxctazgke~%

?% Tc|g~c zmc aezgqsazcj ^mgxxgeo Anz) xtknstc fktc cqsgxfcez) aej nke~ztsnz zmc xtkxk~cj ecw nkezagect xktz% Xaoc 13 kl 48

Zmc xm~gnai langigzgc~ nae dc c}zcejcj) gelta~ztsnzstc dkzzicecnb~ tcfk|cj) aej xtkncjstai nkfxic}gz lstzmct tcjsncj% Ge na~c kl Nmgzzaokeo Xktz) mkwc|ct) zmc~c atc ksznkfc~ tazmct zmae nas~c~ kl gecllgngcengc~% Lkt c}afxic) fae azzcfxz~ az fkjctegpazgke) xtg|azgpazgke) aej c}xae~gke ma|c dcce tc~g~zcj giicoaii% Jc|a~zazgeo matzai~ -~ztgbc~' atc tatci naiicj lkt zmc gezctc~z kl iadktct~) zmc Xktz kt lkt zmc gezctc~z kl zmc eazgke% Fktc klzce zmae ekz) gz g~ naiicj zk xtkzcnz ~kfc |c~zcj gezctc~z‚az cektfks~ nk~z zk zmc eazgke% Gz g~ selktzseazc zk ekzc zmaz iadkt segke~) fs~nicfce aej kzmct gezctc~z otksx~ ma|c dcnkfc xkwctlsi -c|ce fktc zmae zmc nkttsxz aszmktgz' dcnas~c xkigzgn~ geztsjc~ ~mafcic~~i aifk~z c|ctwmctc% Zmc tkkz kl zmc xtkdicf) zmctclktc) igc~ ge sejct~zaejgeo aej tcnkoegpgeo zmc gfxktzaenc kl TFO zk zmc cnkekf) zmc stocen kl ae cllgngcez xktz lkt gz aej zmc ~c|ctgz kl ~kngkcnkekfgn nke~cqscenc~ ge ad~cenc kl zmg~ ~cnzkt% Dclktc azzcfxzgeo zk ~ki|c zmc xktz xtkdicf~) tcanmgeo nke~ce~s~ afkeo aii ~zabcmkijct~) fk~z gfxktzaezi genisjgeo xkigzgngae~) zk ~ki|c zmc xtkdicf az ae nk~z g~ |ct gfxktzaez% Zmc ec}z ~zcx ~mksij dc zk jcniatc zmc xktz a~ c~~cezgai ~ct|gnc&& daeegeo aii bgej~ kl ~ztgbc~ wgzmge gz% ^xcngai c}xktz xtknc~~geo pkec~ ma|c dcce ~cz sx zk ce~stc ~fkkzm lsenzgkegeo kl lanzktgc~ lkt c}xktz xtknc~~geo% Og|ce zmaz fktc zmae 78 xctncez kl ~snm gzcf~ atc c}xktzcj zmtksom Nmgzzaokeo Xktz) gz g~ ekz sejct~zaejadic wm Nmgzzaokeo Xktz atca g~ ekz jcniatcj a~ a ~xcngai C}xktz Xtknc~~geo Pkec% A~ Nkkb~ke aej Amfcj -4888' nkffcezcj) ’Zmc~c nkffcezcj) ’Zmc~c nae dc tc~ki|cj kei -zmtksom' a xtknc~~ kl jg~ns~~gke aej atdgztazgke ~k zmaz aii tcnkoegpc zmaz zmc dc~z zmc nae jk lkt zmcf~ci|c~ kt zmcgt otksx g~ wktb zk fabc zmc xktz cllgngcez%‖

C} z c t e a i g ~ ~ s c ~ C}zcteai g~~sc~ atc zmk~c k|ct wmgnm Daeoiajc~m ma~ ek jgtcnz nkeztki zk ~ki|c% Az dc~z ~mc nae geliscenc zmc~c zmtksom mct xkigngc~) anzg|gzgc~) aej dgiazctai kt fsizgiazctai ecokzgazgke~% Zmc~c g~~sc~ genisjc0 gezce~c nkfxczgzgke ltkf ikw&nk~z ~kstnc~) ltcqscez xkign nmaeoc~ kl gfxktzgeo nkseztgc~) geztkjsnzgke kl ecw xkigngc~ og|geo xtclctcezgai ztcazfcez zk nkfxczgzkt~ -c%o% ZJA 4888') gfxk~gzgke kl ?

eke&zatgll dattgct~ ke Daeoiajc~mg oatfcez~ -aezg&jsfxgeo jszgc~ Zkwci~ ~genc 1771') aej ~k ke aej ~k lktzm%

gfxk~cj ke Daeoiajc~mg ^mkx

A o o t c~ c~ ~ g | c f a t b c z g e o Osataezccj fatbcz~ jkfgeazcj d lktcgoe dsgeo mks~c~ bcxz TFO c}xktzct~ ltkf oczzgeo |aisadic fatbcz gelktfazgke% Zmctclktc) Zmctclktc) zmc gejs~zt a~ a wmkic jgj ekz lcci ae stocen zk fatbcz mct xtkjsnz~ dcnas~c zmc dsct~ zmcf~ci|c~ s~cj zk nkfc zk zmc c}xktzct~% Ekw) ge a lgctnci nkfxczgzg|c ltcc fatbcz) aootc~~g|c fatbczgeo ~mksij ocz otcazct azzcezgke% C}nc~~g|c nkenceztazgke ke a lcw gzcf~ g~ tg~b aej) mcenc) Daeoiajc~m ~mksij jg|ct~gl gezk mgomct |aisc ajjcj gzcf~% _mgic ~sdnkeztanzgeo ~mksij ekz dc jg~nkstaocj) a ztae~gzgke zk otcazct nkeztki kl fatbczgeo fa dc ecnc~~at lkt zmc gejs~zt‗~ otkwzm ge zmc fcjgsf zk ikeo zctf a~ zmc qskza ~~zcf jg~axxcat~ -_D 1773) x% =8'% Fatbczgeo ge ae gezcteazgkeai atcea g~ ekz kei nkfxignazcj dsz ai~k nk~zi% Bekwicjoc aej fkec atc zmc zwk fk~z gfxktzaez lanzkt~ lkt a okkj fatbczgeo xtkotaf% Zk zmg~ cej ~cxatazc dtaej gjcezgz g~ c~~cezgai% Dsz geztkjsngeo ecw dtaej~ aej faeaogeo zmcf fgomz dc zkk c}xce~g|c lkt a ~geoic nkfxae% Ge zmg~ tcoatj zmc nkencxz kl ’Daeoiajc~m ’Daeoiajc~m Gen%‖ ~mksij dc anncxzcj aej xtkfkzcj% Zmg~ fcae~ zmaz) ge~zcaj kl xtkfkzgeo gejg|gjsai dtaej~) aii nkenctecj ~mksij zt zk xtkfkzc zmc iadci ’Fajc ’Fajc ge Daeoiajc~m‖ Daeoiajc~m‖ wmgnm wgii ~ztceozmce zmc gfaoc kl Daeoiajc~mg axxatci ge zmc gezcteazgkeai fatbcz% Xaoc 1< kl 48

Jgxikfazgn fg~~gke~ ge lktcgoe nkseztgc~ fa xia a |gzai tkic ge zmg~ tcoatj% Xatzgnsiati ge nkseztgc~ wmctc Daeoiajc~mg axxatci~ ma|c a xkzcezgai fatbcz) Daeoiajc~m ~mksij a~~goe fktc ~zall wgzm tcic|aez c}xctgcenc aej cjsnazgke -c%o% FDA'% Zmc a~~goecj xct~ke-~' ~mksij xtk|gjc fatbcz gelktfazgke zk nkenctecj xatzgc~ aej ceoaoc ge jgtcnz fatbczgeo% Aii TFO lgtf~ -fa dc zmtksom DOFCA' ~mksij dcat zmc nk~z kl ~snm xct~keeci aej jgxikfazgn fg~~gke~ aej ~mksij xtk|gjc ~ztazcogn ~sxxktz% C~zadig~mgeo lktwatj gezcotazgke -`kgez |cezstc~' wgzm lktcgoe dsgeo mks~c~ g~ cqsaii gfxktzaez% Ecgomdktgeo nkseztgc~ aitcaj ma|c ~snm ~ztkeo danbwatj aej lktwatj gezcotazgke% Kllctgeo la|ktadic zctf~ aej nkejgzgke~ zk c}g~zgeo dsgeo mks~c~ fa xtc|cez zmcf ltkf ica|geo zmc nksezt ge xk~z FLA cta% ^zcx~ ~mksij ai~k dc zabce zk azztanz fktc lktcgoe ge|c~zfcez) az ica~z) ge CXP~% @kgez |cezstc~ wgzm lktcgoe zc}zgic nkfxaegc~ ~mksij ai~k dc cenkstaocj%

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Nkenis~gke Zk ~sf sx) zmc ecw ztajgeo ce|gtkefcez g~ okgeo zk xk~c ~ctgks~ nmaiiceoc~ lkt zmc TFO gejs~zt ge Daeoiajc~m% Zgfc g~ ai~k kl c~~cenc -lg|c cat~ ma|c aitcaj okec'% Selktzseazci) Daeoiajc~m ma~ dcce ~ikw zk tc~xkej% Og|ce zmc ~ztceozm~) wcabec~~c~) kxxktzsegzgc~ aej zmtcaz~) c~zadig~mgeo danbwatj -c%o% ge zc}zgic~' aej lktwatj -c%o% ge fatbczgeo' gezcotazgke ~mksij ocz lgt~z xtgktgz% Aii gecllgngcengc~ aej gttcosiatgzgc~ ai~k ma|c zk dc tcfk|cj ltkf xtkjsnzgke aej c}xktz xtknc~~geo% Daeoiajc~m ~mksij xcecztazc gezk ecw fatbcz~) jg|ct~gl gezk ecw gzcf~) aej tciknazc gezk ecw zcttgzktgc~% Gl zmc~c fca~stc~ atc ekz zabce ge zgfc) a~ ^xgeaeoct -4888' nkenisjc~) ’Zmc nkenisjc~) ’Zmc taxgj otkwzm tazc~ zmaz Daeoiajc~m c}mgdgzcj ge wktij ztajc wgii dc a zmgeo kl zmc xa~z‖%

Xaoc 1? kl 48

Cejekzc~ 1% Geztkjsncj ge 17<=) zmc Ocectaigpcj ^~zcf kl Xtclctcenc -O^X' c}cfxzcj ekeaotgnsizstai gfxktz~ gezk gejs~ztgai nkseztgc~ ltkf jszgc~ sx zk nctzage ic|ci~ -Tcpa) 177<'% 4% Ae AX tcxktz ltkf _a~mgeozke ~a~0 S^ aej Nmgec~c kllgngai~ ~agj Zmst~ja -4< Knzkdct 4888' zmc tcfage mkxclsi -zmaz' Nmgea wgii cezct zmc _ktij Ztajc Ktoaegpazgke zmg~ cat -Zmc Jagi ^zat) 4= Knzkdct 4888) Jmaba'% J%O% kl _ZK) Fgbc Fkktc -_ciigeozke) 18 Asos~z 4888' nkffcezcj zmaz Nmgea) aikeo wgzm ~kfc kzmct nkseztgc~) ~mksij oage fcfdct~mgx kl _ZK d zmc cej kl 4888% >% Lkt jczagi~ ke Xktz xtkdicf~) ~cc xaxct~ xtc~cezcj d |atgks~ xatzgngxaez~ az a Jgaikosc ke ’Xktz Xtkdicf0 Tczatjgeo zmc Cnkekfgn Otkwzm kl Daeoiajc~m‖ `kgezi ktoaegpcj d Zmc Jagi ^zat aej DOFCA ke 44 @si 4888% :% Zmc O^X ~nmcfc wa~ jc~goecj d jc|cikxcj nkseztgc~ zk cenkstaoc ztajc&tciazcj danbwatj danbwatj igebaoc~ ge jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ zk cenkstaoc ztajc&tciazcj danbwatj igebaoc~ ge jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~% Sejct zmc ~nmcfc) jc|cikxgeo nkseztgc~ ma|c zk ~azg~l ~c|ctai ntgzctga dclktc c}xktz~ nae dc cigogdic lkt setc~ztgnzcj cezt% Zmc~c genisjc fcczgeo zmc Tsic~ kl Ktgoge -TKK') zmc xstxk~c kl wmgnm g~ zk ce~stc zmaz c}xktz~ ktgogeazc ltkf zmc jc|cikxgeo nksezt ge qsc~zgke aej) ge ~k jkgeo) xtc|cez ztajc jg|ct~gke ltkf zmgtj nkseztgc~ -_ktij Daeb 1777'% 3% Sejct zmg~ ~nmcfc) zmc ~sxxigct~ kl ladtgn~ zk zmc iknai c}xktz ktgcezcj TFO segz~ tcncg|c a na~m gencezg|c cqsg|aicez zk 43 xctncez kl zmc |aisc kl c}xktzcj axxatci~% Ge LW 1777) na~m ~sd~gj wa~ *184 fgiigke zk danbwatj igebaoc gejs~ztgc~ -Dmazzanmata -Dmazzanmata aej Tamfae) 4888'% <% DGLZ kllct~ a lkst&cat otajsazc xtkotaf) a xk~zotajsazc jgxikfa) aej ~kfc kzmct nctzglgnazc nkst~c~% C~zadig~mcj ge 1777) gz wa~ lsejcj d DOFCA) Fgeg~zt kl Nkffctnc aej zmc _ktij Daeb% ?% Aezg&jsfxgeo jsz) a ztajc tcosiazgeo jc|gnc) g~ a ~xcngai c}zta ns~zkf~ jsz gfxk~cj ke gfxktzcj okkj~ lksej zk dc ~kij lkt c}xktz az ic~~ zmae jkfc~zgn xtgnc% Lkt jczagi ke aezg&jsfxgeo jszgc~ gfxk~cj d SÂ ke Daeoiajc~mg ^mkx Zkwci~) xica~c ~cc -Dmazzanmata aej Tamfae) 4888'% =% Ge 177<+7?) zmc nk~z kl xtkjsnzgke kl kec fczct kl ota nkzzke ladtgn wa~ Zb% 3>4 -adksz S^* 14%:<' ge zmc xsdign ~cnzkt nkfxatcj wgzm ZB >4 -adksz S^* 8%?3' ge zmc xtg|azc ~cnzkt -_ktij Daeb 1777'%

Xaoc 1= kl 48

Tclctcenc~ ▰

At|gej) cz% ai% -177<'% ’Zmc Cfctogeo Oikdai Ztajgeo Ce|gtkefcez aej Jc|cikxgeo A~ga‖% Cnkekfgn ^zall Xaxct Ek% 33) Zmc A~gae Jc|cikxfcez Daeb) Faegia%

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Dmazzanmata) J% -1777a' xaxct~ xtcxatcj ge ~sxxktz kl zmc zmcfc~ jg~ns~~cj az zmc xtc SENZAJ C}xctz _ktb~mkx ke ’Ztajc) ^s~zageadic Jc|cikxfcez aej Ocejct‖ Ocec|a) 14&1> @si% x% 418%

[[[[[[[[) -1777d' gdgj% x% 487% ▰

Dmazzanmata) J% , Tamfae) F% -4888'% Jgaikosc ke ’Gfxicfcezazgke kl _ZK&ANZ0 Nsttcez ^zazs~ aej Gfxignazgke~ lkt Daeoiajc~m‖ -Jtalz') ^cxz% >8) Ncezct lkt Xkign Jgaikosc) Jmaba) x% >1%

[[[[[[[[) gdgj% x% :4% ▰

Nkkb~ke) Lkttc~z C% aej Amfcj) ^cj Ct~maj -4888'% ’Nmgzzaokeo Xktz0 Xtkdicf~ aej ^kiszgke~‖) Afctgnae Nmafdct kl Nkffctnc ge Daeoiajc~m%

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NXJ -Nceztc lkt Xkign Jgaikosc') 177?% ’Ntg~g~ ge Ok|cteaenc) A Tc|gcw kl Daeoiajc~mg~ Jc|cikxfcez‖) Seg|ct~gz Xtc~~ Izj%) Jmaba) Nmaxzct =% -ngzcj ge _ktij Daeb1777'%

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Ceacz Ta~si% -1777'% Tcajgeo TFO lkt zmc Nmaiiceoc) Cjgzktgai% Zmc Daeoiajc~m Zgfc~) 4? Ek|cfdct%

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Msq) Aeg~si -4888'% Jgaikosc ke Xktz Xtkdicf~) Ktoaegpcj d zmc Jagi ^zat aej DOFCA) 44 @si) Jmaba%

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GE^GJGE Daeoiajc~m) -177='% ’OAZZ) Stsosa Tksej aej _ktij Ztajc Ktoaegpazgke‖ Jmaba%

▰

Btscoct) A%) -177<'% ’Iadkt ^zaejatj~ aej Gezcteazgkeai Ztajc)‖ Xaxct xtc~cezcj az zmc Aeesai Daeb Nkelctcenc ke Jc|cikxfcez Cnkekfgn~) _a~mgeozke JN) _ktij Daeb% -Ngzcj ge ^tgeg|a~ae 177<'%

▰

Tcpa) ^% -177<'% ’Zmc Cfctogeo Oikdai Ztajgeo Ce|gtkefcez0 Gfxignazgke~ lkt Daeoiajc~m%‖ A~gae Jc|cikxfcez Tc|gcw) Tc|gcw) 1: -4'0 1&48%

▰

Tcpa) ^% Ta~mgj) F% Aig) aej Tamfae) F% -177='% ’Zmc Cfctogeo Oikdai Ce|gtkefcez aej Jc|cikxgeo A~ga0 Daeoiajc~m Nksezt Xaxct% Jmaba%

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âifa) N%P% -4888'% ’TFO0 Likstg~m kt Xctg~m Dckej 488:‖) DGJ^) Jmaba%

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^xgeaeoct) Jcae -4888'% Jgaikosc ke -jtalz' ’Zmc _ZK) AZN aej Zc}zgic aej Nikzmgeo ge a Oikdai Xct~xcnzg|c0 _maz‗~ ge gz lkt Daeoiajc~m; ^cxz% >8) Nceztc lkt Xkign Jgaikosc) Jmaba% x% 1<%

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^tgeg|a~ae) Z% E%) -177<'% ’Xk~z&Stsosa Tksej G~~sc~ lkt A~gae Jc|cikxgeo Nkseztgc~%‖ A~gae Jc|cikxfcez Tc|gcw) |ki% 1:-1'0 1&:>%

▰

Ztcia) Gtcec) -177='% ”Xma~geo Ksz FLA ge zmc Stsosa Tksej0 Gfxignazgke~ lkt Jc|cikxgeo Nkseztgc~‗ ge M% Zmkfa~ aej @% _maiic -cj%') Stsosa Tksej Tc~siz~ aej zmc Cfctogeo Ztajc Aoceja) SENZAJ) Ocec|a%

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SENZAJ -17=<'% ’Xtkzcnzgkeg~f aej ^ztsnzstai Aj`s~zfcez‖% Ecw Wktb% -ge Ztcia) 177='%

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_ktij Daeb -1773'2 ’Daeoiajc~m0 Ltkf ^zadgigpazgke zk Otkwzm%‖ _D Otkwzm%‖ _D Nksezt Tcxktz) _a~mgeozke JN xaoc ??%

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_ktij Daeb -1777'2 Daeoiajc~m0 Bc Nmaiiceoc~ lkt zmc Ec}z Fgiiceegsf) x% 4?% Xaoc 17 kl 48

Zmc Cej

Xaoc 48 kl 48

Assignment on WTO and Garment Industry of BD

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