Arun Organ Donation Abstract -Arun

Knowledge and Attitude of Adults Regarding Common Misconceptions Involved in Organ Donation Arun Jose*

Knowledge and Attitude of Adults Regarding Common Misconceptions Involved in Organ Donation at Selected Urban Community, Bengaluru Abstract: Organ Donation is a boon to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who would have died otherwise. There is a great need for human organs for transplantation. In fact, the need far exceeds the supply of transplantable organs. There are several reasons for the shortage of organs. Perhaps the most common reason is that people are hesitant to donate organs because they don’t have adequate knowledge regarding it. In other cases people don’t wishes to donate his or her organs may be due to the false beliefs surrounding organ donation. Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge regarding organ donation among adults. To assess the attitude regarding organ donation among adults. To correlate knowledge with attitude regarding organ donation among adults. To associate knowledge and attitude of adults regarding organ donation with their selected demographic variables Findings: Assessment of level of knowledge showed that majority 52.22% had moderate knowledge, only 5.56 % had adequate knowledge and 42.22% of persons had inadequate knowledge regarding organ donation. Assessment of attitude revealed that that the majority 50% had neutral attitude and only only 6.67% had favorable attitude towards organ donation. The correlation between the knowledge and attitude showed that there was a highly positive correlation. There was a statistically significant association found between level of knowledge and demographic variables such as age, educational status, occupation, family income and source source of information regarding organ donation at p< 0.05 and when compared with attitude also the same demographic variables were significant . Conclusion: Assessment of knowledge and attitude of organ donation revealed that there was moderate knowledge and neutral attitude towards organ donation among the urban adults. So the study concluded that there is prevalence of misconception regarding organ donation among the urban adults which prevents them in donation of their organs.

Introduction For all those who are born, there is one event which is certain and inevitable and that is death. Yet we all live as if we are immortal. When faced with death in the family or in the course of professional work we are completely unprepared and rudely shocked out of our illusions. Organ Donation is a boon to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who would have died otherwise. There is a great need for human organs for transplantation. In fact, the need far exceeds the supply of transplantable organs. There are several reasons for the shortage of organs. Perhaps the most common reason is that people are hesitant to donate organs because they don’t have adequate knowledge regarding it. In other cases people don’t wishes to donate his or her organs may be due to the false beliefs surrounding organ donation. There has been a lack of initiative from the Government after the Organ transplantation Act was passed. So there is a great need for education and motivation both from the part of people as well as government since main reason for organ shortage is just because of improper or incomplete knowledge of people in donating their organ.

[email protected]

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.



Need for the study Organ transplantation is one of the most spectacular endeavors till date. Medical advances have contributed tremendously to its success ratio and have led to a significant increase in the number of transplants being performed. But there is shortage for organs and low response to cadaver organ donation. The shortage of organs has been due to the reluctance of many family members to donate due to fear of the surgery causing loss to their health, smaller nuclear families with unmatchable donors and a deceased donor programme that is still to evolve fully. Though the first cadaver organ transplant was conducted nearly five years ago in Karnataka, such donations still remain a sporadic event in the state. Even cricketer Anil Kumble's decision to pledge his organs to society in case of brain death has not motivated the programme. There are over 1.5 lakh people in need of kidneys in the country, over one lakh need liver and nearly 50,000 need heart transplant. The researchers own personal experience while working in the clinical setting in which he has seen patients with ESRD waiting for a donor and and many a times times they die waiting for the donor. All these these prompted the researcher to select the present study about common misconceptions involved in organ donation.

Statement of the problem A study to assess the knowledge and attitude of adults regarding common misconceptions involved in organ donation at selected urban community, Bengaluru, with a view to develop a pamphlet.

Assumption Demand for organs is growing but it is not in equilibrium with the supply of organ because people are hesitant to donate organs. Lack of knowledge and common misconceptions regarding organ donation may have an influence in the level of attitude in donating their organ.

Hypotheses H1 - There is a significant significant correlation between the knowledge and and attitude of adults regarding organ donation. H2 There is a significant association between the knowledge and attitude score of adults with their selected demographic variables.

Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework for the study is based on Health Belief Model. This model represents how the health is affected by various factors. In the present study these factors are considered as adult’s knowledge, ideas and attitude, misconceptions about organ donation which has an influence in organ donation. They may be based on factual information or wrong information. The health belief usually results from within a person. So, the investigator felt that Becker’s model is suitable as conceptual framework for this study. Adult’s knowledge level can be influenced by various fac tors. The pamphlet which is prepared by the investigator will reinforce those who have adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards organ donation. Those who with moderate or inadequate knowledge towards organ donation, with neutral and negative attitude towards organ donation it will act as a source of information. The pamphlet will increase awareness, clarifies the doubts, and removes misconceptions, which in turn



Modifying Factors

Likelihood of Action

Demographic variables such

. Adults Need o Acquire Knowledge on organ donation and Need to Have Positive Attitude

Individual Factors

as age, gender, education, religion, family income, occupation, marital status

. Investigator prepares a pamphlet on organ donation and distributes.

and history of organ donation in the family.

Perceived benefit .Adequate

Organ shortage & Individual’s misconceptions

Perceived Knowledge and Attitude regarding organ donation

Knowledge .Favorable Attitude

Perceived barrier . Moderate or Inadequate Knowledge . Neutral or Unfavorable attitude

Pamphlet on Organ Donation. Meaning, Need, Organs Which Can Be Donated, Myths and Facts.

Cues of action -Advice from others, media exposure, previous experience and family history of organ donation

. . . .

Increase awareness Clarifies the doubts Removes misconceptions Develops positive attitude towards organ donation Key:

=

..……. =

included in the study not included in the study

Figure 1:-Modified Conceptual Framework Based on Rosenstoch’s (1974) Becker’s (1978) Health Belief Model

Review of literature The literature reviewed for the present study was divided under following headings.1)Studies headings.1)Studies related to misconceptions involved in organ donation,2) Studies related to adults knowledge and attitude towards organ donation,3) Studies related to nurses role in promoting organ donation. A descriptive study conducted at the Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Gottingen on public attitudes toward organ donation and its commercialization on 120 urban people. The study found found that current political and and legal discourse neglects neglects the central role of of reciprocity for lay people and patients. Lake of awareness and misconception is the main cause for shortage of organ. A descriptive study conducted at university of Delhi analyzed the opinion and understanding of adult patients about organ donation donati on and transplantation among 347 samples voluntarily completed a questionnaire with 17 queries concerning organ donation. The study concluded that lack of interest and moderately positive attitude of patients toward organ donation and lack of attitude is because of the prevalence of misconception. A pilot study conducted at Mumbai regarding knowledge and attitudes of adolescent students towards organ donation. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire after a lecture. The questionnaire included all aspects of organ donation such as promoting factors, need, misconceptions



RESEARCH DESIGN

Methodology Research design:

Descriptive Correlational Research Design PURPOSE To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Adults Regarding Common Misconceptions Involved in Organ Donation SETTING

POPULATION

Upanagar

SAMPLING

Adults residing in Upanagar

Urban community, Bengaluru

Systematic Random sampling

DURATION

4 weeks Samples 90

Instrument

Structured

3 point Likert scale

Questionnaire

KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDE General Information and Common Misconceptions Regarding Organ Donation

Data analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Findings and conclusion

Description of the tool The tool consists of three sections Section A: This section includes demographic proforma consisting of information of adults such as age, gender, education, religion, family income, occupation, marital status and history of organ donation in the family Section B: It consists of structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge regarding common misconception involved in organ donation among urban adults. This includes 25 structured questions, which were categorized under two headings. Section C: This section includes assessing common misconception involved in organ donation among urban adults with a three point Likert scale. It consists of 25 items which were categorized under two headings.

Data Collection Phase 1: In this phase the researcher distributed the structured knowledge questionnaire and instructions were given on answering the questionnaire and doubts were classified. Each client took 10 minutes to answer the demographic data and 25 minutes to fill the questionnaire. Phase 2: In this phase the researcher collected the data on level of attitude of the samples by using 3 point Likert scale regarding common misconceptions involved in organ donation. Each client took 25 minutes to fill the Likert scale.



Results Knowledge regarding organ donation among adults.

The analysis of overall level of knowledge regarding common misconceptions involved in organ donation depicted that majority 47 (52.22%) of the urban adults had moderate knowledge, 38 (42.22%) had inadequate knowledge and five (6.56%) rests on the side of adequate knowledge. 60%

55.56%

50% e g a t n e c r e P

52.22%

48.89% 42.22%

42.22%

Adequate Moderate Inadequate

40% 30.00% 30% 20%

14.44% 8.89%

10%

5.56%

0% General knowledge Misconceptions Overall knowledge about organ involved in organ donation donation Knowledge Aspects

Attitude towards organ donation among adults.

Assessment of attitude among urban adults revealed that the majority 50% had neutral attitude and only 6.67% had favorable attitude and 43.33% had unfavourable unfavourable attitude. 50.00%

50%

43.33%

Neutral - (50Neutral 74%)

40% e g a t n e c r e P

Favourable (≥75%)

Unfavourable (<50%)

30% 20% 10%

6.67%

0% Favourable (≥75%)

Neutral Neutral - (5074%)

Unfavourable (<50%)

Level of attitude

Correlation between the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among adults.

The correlation between the knowledge and attitude showed that there was a highly positive correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding common misconception involved in organ donation. The obtained ‘r’ value was 0.870. Testing of hypothesis



Nursing implication The world is moving fast and the same way it has an influence in the medical field. Organ Donation is a boon to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who would have died otherwise. In fact, the need far exceeds the supply of transplantable organs. Nursing research can be focused on various factors of organ donation, which could help to assess the hindering factors of organ donation. There is a need for extensive and intensive research in organ donation so that strategies for educating nurses and public regarding various aspects and phases of cardiac rehabilitation can be promoted. Indian Nursing Council and Universities should include organ donation and its need as one of the main educational aspect in the nursing curriculum because the future nurses can increase the number of organ donation by educating the patients and clarifying their doubts. In collaboration with the regulation bodies, educational institutions can arrange and conduct workshops and seminars regarding organ donation. Hence, the suffering and grieving of the persons who need organs can be minimized.

Conclusion Organ Donation is a boon to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who would have died otherwise. There is a great need for human organs for transplantation. Worldwide, the demand for organs is growing, as the supply of organs and tissues for transplantation has not kept pace with demand. There are several reasons for the shortage of organs. Perhaps the most common reason is that people are hesitant to donate organs because they don’t have adequate knowledge regarding it. In other cases people hesitates to donate his or her organs may be due to the false beliefs surrounding organ donation.

Bibliography 1. Harish Kumar. Death and organ donation. Amritha Journal of Medicine. 2007 Apr; 24(8):2. 2. Dr. Sunil Shroff. Organ Donation and Transplantation - Tribulations and Triumphs - An Indian Perspective. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006. Jun; 17(11): 957-963. 3. Dr. Raghav Naresh. Organ Donation and Transplantation mythology and reality An Indian Perspective. Journal of Clinical Transplant. 2006 Sep; 23(13): 779-786. 4. John DJ. Knowledge and decreased organ donation. Transplant proc. 2001; 18(6): 344-356. 5. Dunstan, GR. The ethics of organ donation. British Medical Bulletin. 1997; 53 (4): 921-939. 6. Eaton S. The subtle politics of organ donation: a proposal. Journal of Medical Ethics. 1998; 24: 166-170. 7. Nirmala Nagaraj. State could benefit a lot from changed rules. Times of India. 2009 Sep 9; Sec A: 4(col. 3). 8. Robert MC. Budget and organ donation policies. British Medical Bulletin 1999; 66 (7): 587599.

"What you leave behind is not what is engraved in stone monuments, but what is

Arun Organ Donation Abstract -Arun

Recommend Documents