Arqueología de los Bajos Submeridionales: sitios con hornos de tierra cocida en la localidad arqueológica Laguna La Blanca (La Criolla, Departamento San Justo, Provincia de Santa Fe)

Aletfemdl dmsplemjcf fe8 ppat.agmayt.`lv.gr

Zfvmstg df Getrlplcl`ég Getrlplcl`ég dfc Iusfl df Fetrf Zéls : (:)8 ?2-21 (:>7?) msse8 :140->11x

Grquflcl` ég df cls Jghls Grquflcl`ég Jgh ls Qujifrmdmle Qujif rmdmlegcfs8 gcfs8 smtmls ale blrels blre ls df tmfrrg alamdg fe cg clagcmdgd grquflcñ`mag Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag (Cg Armlccg, Dfpgrtgifetl Qge Hustl, ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of) ^gucg dfc Zml*, Qmcvmg Alrefrl*, Agrcls E. Afrutm** y Agrcls Fabf`ly*** * Vemvfrsmdgd Egamlegc df Zlsgrml ‑ pidfcrmlNoafmg.uer.fdu.gr. salrefrlNoafmg.uer.fdu.gr ** Iusfl df Amfeamgs Egturgcfs y Getrlplcñ`mags –^rlo. Getleml Qfrrgel’ (^grgeç) ‑ Huetg ^rlvmeamg df Fstudmls Bmstñrmals y Afetrl Mevfstm`gamlefs Bmspgelgifrmagegs df Qgetg Of. aafrutm=1Nìgmc.ali *** Iusfl Iuemampgc df Grquflcl`ég y ^gcfletlcl`ég df Zfalequmstg Zfamjmdl 7= df hueml df :>7?, gafptgdl pgrg su pujcmagamñe 74 df g`lstl df :>7?.

^gcgjrgs Acgvf8

Blrels df tmfrrg alamdg; grquflcl`ég rf`mlegc; fspmegc sgetgofsmel.

ZFQVIFE Cls –blremtls df tmfrrg alamdg’ sle fstruaturgs sujtfrrçefgs df alijustmñe agvgdgs fe sfdmifetls dfc ^cfmstlafel megc (fe Qgetg Of, cg Olrigamñe Tfzgels ^metl) g pgrtmr df supfrmamfs blclaíemags. Qle agrgatfréstmals df gijmfetfs pfrmfstípmals alil fc Fspmegc, faltlel fetrf fc gijmfetf abgquf÷l y fc pgipfgel, y quf aleolrige ue gipcml gral quf egaf fe prlxmimdgdfs dfc rél ^grgeç y sf fxtmfedf plr cgs prlvmeamgs df Abgal, Olrilsg, Qgetg Of, Añrdljg, cg Zmlhg, Qgetmg`l dfc Fstfrl, Tuauiçe, Ifedlzg y Qge Cums. El sf feaufetrge blrels fe cg Ifslpltgimg, y gpgrfetfifetf tgiplal fe cg rf`mñe pgipfgeg fe sfetmdl fstrmatl. Alelamdls fe cg grquflcl`ég gr`fetmeg dfsdf alimfezls dfc sm`cl RR, fe 7=== Afrutm gsmèñ cls blrels y su aletfxtl g ueg fetmdgd grquflcñ`mag quf dfelimeñ –Fspfrgezg’, metf`rgetf df ueg trgdmamñe aucturgc prlpmg df cg ccgeurg afetrgc gr`fetmeg, gtrmjumdg g aliuemdgdfs pfdfstrfs quf sf dfspcgzgjge fetrf fc ^grgeç y fc jlrdf df cgs Qmfrrgs ^gipfgegs fe Añrdljg y Auyl. Aujrfe ue gipcml fspgaml tfiplrgc df 7.>>> g÷ls (:>>> g 7>>> g÷ls G^) agrgatfrmzgdl plr grmdfz `fefrgcmzgdg, quf megcmzg ale cg Ftgpg Bøifdg Ifdmfvgc. Fe cg ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of, cg Clagcmdgd Grquflcñ`mag Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag sf dfstgag al il ue feacgvf metfrifdml fetrf fc pgfcflaguaf dfc ^grgeç y cls gcufetfs dfc Qgcgdl ale smftf smtmls fe quf sf dftfatgrle gc ifels 1=6 blrels, ale ofabgdls df gcrfdfdlr df 7>>> g÷ls G^. G^. Qf smetftmzge cgs mevfstm`gamlefs rfgcmzgdgs rfgcmzgdgs plr cls gutlrfs g pgrtmr df 7=07 g me df agrgatfrmzgr cg clagcmdgd grquflcñ`mag.

Kfywlrds8

Algtfd fgrtb lvfes; rf`mlegc grabflcl`y; Fspmegc sgetgofsmel.

GJQTZGAT Tbf algtfd fgrtb lvfes grf uedfr`rlued alijustmle struaturfs du` me sfdmifets lo tbf cgtf ^cfmstlafef (me Qgetg Of, tbf Tfzgels ^metl Olrigtmle) orli Blclafef surogafs. Tbfy grf abgrgatfrmstma lo pfrmstfppfs fevm rleifets, suab gs tbf –Fspmegc’; ge faltlef jftwffe tbf Abgalge ged ^gipfge fevmrleifets, me g wmdf rge`f tbgt ms jlre efgr tbf ^grgeç Zmvfr ged fxtfeds tbrlu`b Abgal, Olrilsg, Olrilsg, Qgetg Of, Alrdljg, Zmlhg, Qgetmg`l dfc Fstfrl, Tuauiçe, Ifedlzg ged Qge Cums prlvmeafs. Tbfy grf elt olued me Ifslpltgimg, ged gppgrfetcy efmtbfr me tbf ^gipgs rf`mle, strmatl sfesu. Kelwe me Gr`fetmef grabflcl`y smeaf tbf jf`meeme` lo tbf :>tb afetury, me 7=== Afrutm gssmèfd tbf lvfes ged tbfmr aletfxt tl ge grabgflcl`magc fetmty agccfd "Fspfrgezg", ifijfr lo g aucturgc trgdmtmle typmagc lo tbf afetrgc Gr`fetmef pcgme, gttrmjutfd tl pfdfstrmge aliiuemtmfs tbgt ilvfd jftwffe ^grgeç rmvfr ged tbf jlrdfr lo tbf –Qmfrrgs ^gipfgegs’, ^gipfgegs’, me Alrdljg ged Auyl. Alvfrme` g wmdf spgaf lo 7,>>> yfgrs (:>>> tl 7>>> yfgrs J^) abgrgatfrmzfd jy `fefrgcmzfd grmdmty, wbmab feds wmtb tbf Buimd Ifdmfvgc Qtg`f. Me Qgetg Of ^rlvmeaf, tbf –Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag’ Grabgflcl`magc Qmtf ms bm`bcm`btfd gs ge metfrifdmgtf feacgvf

Cls trgjghls pujcmagdls fe fstg rfvmstg fstçe jghl cg cmafeamg Arfgtmvf Aliiles Gtrmjuamñe El Aliframgc :.6 Gr`fetmeg.

jftwffe tbf ^grgeg lcd rmvfrjfd ged tbf Qgcgdl trmjutgrmfs wmtb sfvfe smtfs wbfrf gt cfgst 1=6 lvfes dftfatfd, dgtfd jgak grlued 7>>> yfgrs J^. Tbf rfsfgrab agrrmfd lut jy tbf gutblrs orli 7=07 lewgrds ms suiigrmzfd me lrdfr tl abgrgatfrmzf tbf grabgflcl`magc smtf.

METZLDVAAMÑE

smtmls df cg clagcmdgd grquflcñ`mag Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag sf agrgatfrmzge plr cg prfsfeamg df cls

Cls gutlrfs, fe dmofrfetfs íplags y auipcmfedl ale dmvfrsls prlyfatls, rfgcmzgrle fe Cgùeg Cg

dfelimegdls –blremtls df tmfrrg alamdg’, tgijmíe ccgigdls –jltmhgs’ fe Auyl y Añrdljg, fstruaturgs sujtfrrçefgs df alijustmñe quf fe alrtf

Jcgeag mevfstm`gamlefs grquflcñ`mags alesmstfetfs fe prlspfaamlefs, rfcfvgimfetl df fstruaturgs,

rfalcfaamñe df igtfrmgcfs supframgcfs, ljtfeamñe cle`mtudmegc prfsfetge olrig lvlmdf l df pfrg, df iufstrgs pgrg 74A y sledfls. Fc ljhftmvl df fxafpamlegcifetf sujamcéedrmag, bgjmtugcifetf fstg aliuemagamñe fs dgr g alelafr cg clagcmdgd ale agrjñe fe su metfrmlr l ue oledl ale tmfrrg grquflcñ`mag, igpfgr cls smtmls clagcmzgdls y miprfègdg df sustgeamgs agrjlelsgs. Bgamg fc rfsuimr cl gatugdl, qufdgedl pgrg ltrg lplrtuemdgd lfstf (smfrrgs df Añrdljg y Qgetmg`l dfc Fstfrl) fc fstudml df cls igtfrmgcfs rfaupfrgdls. Cls sufcfe sfr gagipgegdls, guequf el fs plsmjcf ?2

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dfc Zml ft gc. - Zfvmstg df Getrlplcl`ég dfc Iusfl df Fetrf Zéls : (:)8 ?2-21 (:>7?).

rfgcmzgr ueg rf`mlegcmzgamñe gjslcutg8 fe cg Cgùeg Igr Abmqumtg (Añrdljg) uel df elsltrls (A.E.A.) aliprljñ ue gipcml prfdlimeml df blrels lvlmdfs, y fe cg prlvmeamg df Qgetg Of lagsmlegcifetf pufdfe gpgrfafr olrigs df jgsf pcgeg, alil alil fe fc smtml Cls Blremtls df cg clagcmdgd df Gcfhgedrg (Grfclvmab :>7>). Fstgs fstruaturgs oufrle agvgdgs fe cg supframf blclaíemag fxpufstg gc ilifetl df cg laupgamñe,

pfeftrgedl bgstg cls 0>-2> ai df prlouedmdgd (cle`mtud df ue jrgzl fxtfedmdl) fe cg Olrigamñe Tfzgels ^metl dfc ^cfmstlafel egc (Mrmledl :>7>). Fe cgs pgrfdfs, quf pufdfe l el fstgr fijgrrgdgs, sufcfe dmstmeùmrsf cgs bufccgs dfc mestruifetl utmcmzgdl pgrg agvgr, y plr gaamñe dfc ouf`l fofatugdl fe su metfrmlr sufcfe gdqumrmr alesmstfeamg y alclr smimcgr gc cgdrmccl alamdl.

Qfaamlegdls trgesvfrsgcifetf plr cg frlsmñe, glrge alil gemccls df jgrrl alamdl ale dmçiftrls dfpfedmfetfs df cg prlouedmdgd g cg quf sf prlduhl fc alrtf. ûfdfe prfsfetgrsf gmscgdls l uemdls

Cg prmifrg dfsarmpamñe df ue –blrel’ ouf

pujcmagdg plr Ccfrfeg (7227) pgrg Qge Qge Cums. Ltrls getfafdfetfs tfiprgels oufrle cls meolrifs df

@fz (7=7?) tgijmíe fe Qge Cums y Zfyfs (7=70) fe Cg Zmlhg, quf pgsgrle dfsgpframjmdgs bgstg quf Lutfs (7=:?) cls rfsagtñ, meacuyfedl tgijmíe fe su trgjghl meolrigamñe prlplramlegdg plr Dícftge`. Zfyfs (7=70) ouf fc prmifrl quf ljsfrvñ cgs fstruaturgs fe ue pfrc, y @um÷gzø (7=1?) cgs oltl`rgñ fe plsmamñe fstrgtm`rçag. Cls fstudmls pmlefrls fe cg prlvmeamg df Qgetg Of, g ifeudl alematmvls plr aletrlvfrsmgs sljrf cg fstrgtm`rgoég df cls tfrrfels y cg getm`ófdgd df ue supufstl –blijrf oñsmc’, oufrle ljrg df Hlgquée Orfeùfccm (7=:>, 7=47), Gcorfdl Agstfccgels (7=:?) y Orgeamsal df Gpgrmaml (7=17g, 7=17j). Fe 7=:2 _mègtm mipucsñ cg mdfg df quf sf trgtgjg df fstruaturgs pgrg alaamñe df gcmifetls. Qf gplyñ fe dgtls ftel`rçals, amtgedl fspfamgcifetf g Frcged Elrdfeskmÿcd, qumfe dfsarmjmñ blrels usgdls plr cls gsbcuscgys dfc Abgal pgrg sfagr gc`grrljg, y

fetrf sé fe eøifrl df dls l içs. ^lr rgzlefs plr cls tsmrgkugs df cg imsig rf`mñe pgrg alamegr mestruifetgcfs dfelimegils –uemdgd’ g agdg agref (_mègtm 7=:2). jlag, y –fstruaturg’ gc alehuetl df jlags uemdgs Qljrfvmfef cuf`l ueg ftgpg df smcfeaml fe fetrf sé l gmscgdgs. Fe fc agsl df blrels gmscgdls tlrel gc tfig df cls –blremtls’, ale bgccgz`ls ale ueg slcg jlag, fc aleafptl df –uemdgd’ y agsugcfs aletfemdls fe meolrifs dfc Imemstfrml –fstruaturg’ almeamdfe. df G`rmaucturg y @gegdfrég df cg prlvmeamg, l Cg clagcmzgamñe df cls smtmls ale blrels y cg cg oltl`rgoég dfc blrel clagcmzgdl fe 7=40 fe dftfaamñe df sus céimtfs sle iuy dmauctlsls, cg Cgùeg ^gtm÷l, alesfrvgdg fe fc Jgeal df plrquf elrigcifetf fstçe aujmfrtls plr Miç`fefs –Oclrmge ^guakf’ dfc Grabmvl @fefrgc olrigamlefs `flcñ`mags blclaíemags tgrdégs -fe df cg ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of (Omùrg 7). Zfamíe g Qgetg Of cg Olrigamñe Qge @umccfril (Mrmledl pgrtmr df cg díagdg df 7=0> sf rfgeudg cg gatmvmdgd :>7>)- y slcgifetf sf vmsmjmcmzge plr cg gaamñe grquflcñ`mag, ale cls trgjghls dfc fqumpl dfc bédrmag cgimegr l fe açragvgs, quf fe plal tmfipl Iusfl Iuemampgc df Zfalequmstg, metf`rgdl plr sf feagr`g df dfstrumrcls trgesolriçedlcls fe Zu``frlem, Fabf`ly y Ilrfmrg (Ilrfmrg 7=0:) pfquf÷ls prliletlrmls df plcvl rlhmzl. y cls df Afrutm (7=04), quf memamñ ueg tgrfg








smstfiçtmag df clagcmzgamñe y fxagvgamñe, y ljtuvl cgs prmifrgs dgtgamlefs rgdmlagrjñemags pgrg smtmls ale blrels (Afrutm 7===). Bgamg 7==> alimfezge cgs mevfstm`gamlefs df Alrefrl y fqumpl fe smtmls smimcgrfs ujmagdls fe fc afetrl elrtf df cg prlvmeamg (Alrefrl 7==?,

:>71; Alrefrl y Afrutm :>>=; Alrefrl y Grfclvmab :>77; dfc Zml y Alrefrl :>76; Alrefrl ft gc. :>71; dfc Zml :>74; dfc Zml y Alrefrl :>76), y ueg díagdg dfspuís cgs df @gjrmfc Alaal (Alaal ft gc. :>>4) fe fc Jghl df cls Qgcgdmccls, plr ifeamlegr slcgifetf gutlrfs quf aletmeøge gatmvls. Cls prmifrls trgjghls fe cg Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag oufrle rfgcmzgdls fe cg díagdg df 7=0> plr Agrcls E. Afrutm alil pgrtf dfc ^rlyfatl df Grquflcl`ég df Zfsagtf –Mevfstm`gamlefs Grquflcñ`mags fe fc Çrfg dfc ^grgeç Ifdml’, rgdmagdl fe fc Iusfl –^rlofslr Getleml Qfrrgel’ df ^grgeç (Afrutm 7=04, 7=27, 7=2?). Fstf aufrpl df gùg ouf vmsmtgdl, fetrf 7==4 y 7===, plr Agrcls Fabf`ly, dfc Iusfl

Iuemampgc df Grquflcl`ég y ^gcfletlcl`ég df Omùrg :. Vjmagamñe df cg clagcmdgd Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag. Zfalequmstg y egcifetf plr fc fqumpl dfc Iusfl –Oclrfetmel y Agrcls Gif`bmel’ df cg Ogauctgd df Amfeamgs Fxgatgs, Me`femfrég y G`rmifesurg df cg dfc pgcflaguaf empcfmstlaíemal dfc rél ^grgeç ale cgs cgùegs vmeaucgdgs, y dls orgaturgs tfatñemags8 VEZ (dfc Zml :>74; dfc Zml y Alrefrl :>76). Veg df ruijl E-Q laupgdg plr fc grrlyl @lcledrmegs-Agcabgqué y su aletmeugamñe fe fc CLAGC MDGD GZWVF LCÑ@M AG Qgcgdl. CG@VEG CG JCGEAG Ltrg df ruijl F-L, quf prlvlag cg gpgFc aufrpl df gùg cíetmal alelamdl alil Cgùeg rmamñe df cg Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag y fc agijml df Cg Jcgeag sf ujmag fetrf cls 1>¸ 71” >0”” - 1>¸ 76” ruijl dfc grrlyl Cgs Aleabgs fe su trgil 46”” Q y cls ?>¸ ?> ¸ 12” 6?”” ‑ ?>¸ 14” 12”” L, fe fc dmstrmtl meofrmlr, aleùrgedl sf`øe Mrmledl (7=26, Cg Armlccg dfc dfpgrtgifetl Qge Hustl, prlvmeamg 7=20) ue tépmal uijrgc tfatñemal (Omùrg 1). df Qgetg Of, Zfpøjcmag Gr`fetmeg Gr`fetmeg (Omùrg :). Qf feaufetrg 7: ki gc L dfc pgcflaguaf Cg Jcgeag tmfef olrig trmgeùcgr, ale fhf igylr pcfmstlaíemal dfc ^grgeç, y g : ki gc EL dfc QF-EL (0,6 ki), fhf ifelr E-Q (4,0 ki) y pgrghf dfelimegdl Cgs Huetgs, dledf aleuyfe ueg supframf gprlxmigdg df ::,6 ki:. Alil fc rél Qgcgdl, fc grrlyl Agcabgqué y fc grrlyl Cgs gpuetgils prfafdfetfifetf, prfsfetg lrm`fe Aleabgs, dupcmagedl fe fsf puetl fc agudgc dfc imxtl, ale cg igr`fe E y F tfatñemag ujmagdg g Qgcgdl. Fstç 2,6 ki gc E df cg Zutg ^rlvmeamgc 42 isei, y fc fxtrfil Q df ildfcgdl uvmgc, g E¸ 1=, quf uef cgs amudgdfs df Qge Hgvmfr y Qge 41-44 isei. Fe fc sfatlr E y L, fspfamgcifetf, sf Armstñjgc, y g 70 ki gc QL df cg clagcmdgd df Cg gdvmfrtfe rgs`ls `flilrolcñ`mals df lrm`fe fñcmal lrm`megdls fe ftgpgs çrmdgs empcfmstlaíemags l df Armlccg. Fipcgzgdg fe cg ccgeurg metfruvmgc dfsgrrlccgdg alimfezls dfc Blclafel (–cueftgs’ df gramccg y •

•








Omùrg 1. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag. Mzqumfrdg8 memamls dfc ltl÷l. Dfrfabg8 Dfrfabg8 egcfs dfc vfrgel.

df lrm`fe cíetmal y fñcmal, trgesolrigedl `rge

pgrtf df cg rf`mñe alstfrg fe ue pgmsghf df –jgd cgeds’.

gatmvls l gjgedlegdls quf aujrfe fc çrfg pfrimtfe cg fxmstfeamg df igiéofrls y gvfs df euifrlsgs fspfamfs, alil alrrfspledf g ue gijmfetf df ogueg alipgrtmdg, y cg cgùeg rfamjf pfafs g trgvís dfc Agcabgqué y dfc Qgcgdl. Cg ogueg, sme fijgr`l, yg fe 7=0> fstgjg fe rftrlafsl g agusg dfc dfsiletf. Fspfamfs iuy aliuefs bgstg cgs díagdgs df 7=6> Igzgig `lugzlujmrg ) 7=?>, alil fc ùgzueabl ( Igzgig l cls grigdmccls, bgjége dmsimeumdl eltgjcfifetf su prfsfeamg, y cg øemag fe fxpgesmñe frg fc puig ( ûig ûig alealclr ), ), gtrgédl plr cls rfjg÷ls df lvfhgs. Bmstñrmagifetf, cg zleg alifezñ g alelafrsf g pgrtmr dfc sm`cl R_MM, augedl tldg cg gipcmg oghg ujmagdg gc L, ccgigdg dfsdf fetleafs _gccf

Fe cg gatugcmdgd rfamjf gùgs dfsdf fc E ifdmgetf fc grrlyl Cg Jcgeag, dfsgùgedl bgamg fc Q plr fc grrlyl ]gagrfamtl. ]gagrfamtl. ^lr fc L, durgetf cgs arfamfetfs, sf vmeaucg ale fc grrlyl Agcabgqué, quf rfalcfatg gùgs supframgcfs y df cg orfçtmag, plr cl quf fc emvfc df cg cgùeg fs vgrmgjcf, pgramgcifetf medfpfedmfetf dfc fsaurrmimfetl supframgc, y el sf sfag durgetf fc fstél alil laurrf ale gcùegs cgùegs df cg aufeag dfc Qgcgdmccl Gigr`l. Fc tfelr sgcmel fs jghl, pfrimtmfedl cg prfsfeamg df ogueg matéalcg, guequf guifetg fe cls pfréldls df fstmghf. Dfsdf fc puetl df vmstg gijmfetgc, sf ujmag fe ue Agcabgqué smrvmñ alil alrrfdlr pgrg cg fetrgdg falsmstfig df trgesmamñe l faltlel dfelimegdl

Fspmegc, metfrifdml fetrf fc gijmfetf abgquf÷l y fc pgipfgel, quf fe cg prlvmeamg df Qgetg Of fstçe sfpgrgdls alevfeamlegcifetf plr fc Zél Qgcgdl. Fe cg gatugcmdgd, agsm tldg cg supframf gprlvfabgjcf df cg clagcmdgd bg smdl auctmvgdg, alesfrvçedlsf slcgifetf fhfipcgrfs gmscgdls dfc ^rlslpms iletf lrm`megc, alipufstl plr gc`grrljl ( ^rlslpms Gspmdlspfrig qufjrgablsp.), qufjrgabl jcgeal ( Gspmdlspfrig jcgeal) y alclrgdl ( (Qabmelpsms Qabmelpsms jgcgesgf ) ),, abg÷gr (@floorlfg dfalrtmages ), ), tusag ( Gagamg Gagamg grlig), grlil l fspmemccl ( Gagamg agvfe), imstlc ( Xmzmpbus Xmzmpbus

df cg ftemg abgquf÷g bliñemig, pfdfstrf, quf tuvl g igc trgfr g cg rfamfetfifetf ouedgdg amudgd

df Qgetg Of. Cuf`l ouf utmcmzgdg plr cls pufjcls abgquf÷ls faufstrfs (gjmplefs, ilalvéfs y tljgs) bgstg jmfe fetrgdl fc sm`cl RMR (Gcfige 7==4; Afrutm 7==1). G efs dfc sm`cl R_MMM sf prlduhl ue fpmsldml quf els pfrimtf alelafr fc gspfatl lrm`megc dfc

gijmfetf, augedl sf jusañ ue cu`gr gprlpmgdl pgrg cg ouedgamñe df cg rfduaamñe hfsuétmag df Qge ^fdrl, lrm`megdg fe cg df Qge Orgeamsal Hgvmfr df Medmls Ilalvéfs. Cgs gutlrmdgdfs sgetgofsmegs








y cgs fstgeamgs df cls sgetgofsmels, y fe sfùedl

tírimel plrquf8

QMTMLQ GZWVFLCL@MALQ CLAGCMXGDLQ ^rfsfetgils cls smtmls ujmagdls fe cg Clagcmdgd

–…fc cg`l frg mealipgrgjcfifetf `rgedf,

Grquflcñ`mag Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag, igr`fe elrtf,

fc gùg frg ducaf…pfrl fc dfofatl frg quf

smùmfedl alil armtfrml cg arlelcl`ég df cgs mevfstm`gamlefs y uemagedl cg elifeacgturg. Fe latujrf df 7=07, fefrl df 7=01 y dmamfijrf

fe cg fstgamñe sfag… sf rftmrgjg bgstg ?> ñ 0> iftrls y rfigefaég…ue bledl pgetgel quf fxbgcgjg df sé, tgijmíe durgetf fc agclr pfrigefetf, ue bfdlr iuy igcsgel df pfafs y jgrrl. ¼Dñedf mjge g prlvffrsf fe alehuetl cls medmls ale gùg sme buedmrsf fe fc jgrrl<, ¼dñedf mjge g cgvgr<, ¼dñedf jg÷grsf< y, ¼quí mjge g tligr<... ]l rfalrré agjgc`gedl tldg cg rf`mñe fe fc dfrrfdlr y fealetrí quf frg prfamsl gjgtmr ue rftgzl iuy `rgedf df jlsquf y sme fijgr`l cg gcdfg fstgrég smtugdg fetrf purls jlsqufs dledf el pufdf slpcgr vmfetl orfsal gcùel; plr cl tgetl cls medmls jghl fc pfcm`rl df ueg pfstf fstgccgdg dfjége pfrfafr plr fc içxmil agclr. Qm sf qufrég bgafr g`rmaucturg, frg prfamsl tgcgr ltrl `rge rftgzl df jlsquf huetl ale cg rgéz; oufrg df fstl cls jlsqufs fstgjge meofstgdls df tm`rfs y cflefs, el

df 7=27 Agrcls Afrutm rfalrrmñ cg igr`fe E (fe cg

øctmig lplrtuemdgd ale fc Dr. Igrtée B. Mrmledl), mdfetmagedl augtrl smtmls fe fc cgjml fcfvgdl df cg orgaturg tfatñemag (Cg Jcgeag M, MM, MMM y M_) y uel (Cg Jcgeag _) fe cg dfelimegdg –Mscg Igrtée @graég’, fe rfgcmdgd ueg cueftg df gramccg (Afrutm 7=27, 7=2?). Cls igtfrmgcfs sf feaufetrge dfplsmtgdls fe fc Iusfl df Amfeamgs Egturgcfs

y Getrlplcñ`mags –^rlofslr Getleml Qfrrgel’ df ^grgeç (Fetrf Zéls). Fc eøifrl rligel utmcmzgdl alrrfspledf gc lrdfe df dfsaujrmimfetl. Fetrf 7==2 y :>>4 Agrcls Fabf`ly rfalrrmñ fc smtml MM df Afrutm, quf ccgiñ Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag M (Fabf`ly 7===), dfplsmtgedl cls igtfrmgcfs fe fc Iusfl Iuemampgc df cg clagcmdgd df Cg Armlccg.

ilsqumtls quf el bujmfrge dgdl rfplsl

Omegcifetf fe :>77, :>71 y :>74 ^gucg dfc Zml, Qmcvmg Alrefrl f metf`rgetfs df cg aliuemdgd ilalvé Gmi Ilklmcfk df Alclemg Dlclrfs rftligrle cls trgjghls df agipl rfclagcmzgedl fc imsil smtml, gc quf dfelimegrle Cg Jcgeag 1, y g`rf`gedl dls eufvls8 Cg Jcgeag 7 y : (dfc Zml :>74), rfdfelimegdls Cg Jcgeag _M y _MM fe fstf trgjghl. Fe fc igpg df cg Omùrg 4 sf ujmage tldls

plr elabf y dég g cgs `fetfs em gc `gegdl ’

ale cg dfelimegamñe lrm`megc, f medmagamñe dfc

(^guakf :>7>8 46>).

fqumpl quf metfrvmel.

[bgjégY agipl pgrg fc `gegdl quf plr fccl dfjég pgafr fe cls jlsqufs dledf cls tm`rfs els bujmfrge dfvlrgdl tldls cls tfrefrls y pltrmccls y gbuyfetgdl fc `gegdl; huetl ale fstl [bgjégY gue meemtgs ilsags y

Alil gdvmfrtf ^guakf, durgetf cg ^fquf÷g Fdgd df

Cg Jcgeag M (–Cg Grrlafrg’) Grrlafrg’)

Bmfcl Cg Jcgeag el fstgjg ujmagdg fe ue dfsmfrtl pfrl tgiplal alestmtuég ue fspgaml prlpmaml pgrg ue gsfetgimfetl pfrigefetf. Fetrf cls g÷ls 1>>> g :>>> G^, jghl aledmamlefs gijmfetgcfs içs rmùrlsgs, cg vf`ftgamñe grjñrfg dfjmñ sfr agsm

Vjmagdl fe cls gcrfdfdlrfs df cg jlijg df

mefxmstfetf, ogvlrfamfedl cg olrigamñe df blygdgs

df dfgamñe y cueftgs df gramccg. ^frl ale fc tmfipl ouf guifetgedl `rgdugcifetf fc vlcuife

y eøifrl df fspfamfs vf`ftgcfs, bgstg gcagezgr

gùg df ueg getmùg fxpcltgamñe, quf lrm`meg

fc elijrf clagc. Allrdfegdgs dfc smtml8 1>¾ 71” :4,2>’ Q y ?>¾ 10” 6:,:>’ L. Fe fc fspfslr df ueg jgrrgeag fe rftrlafsl df augtrl iftrls df gcturg, sf ljsfrvgrle trfs blremtls sujlvlmdfs fe alrtf vfrtmagc. Cgs jlags sf gjrége fetrf cls :> y 4> ai df prlouedmdgd, fe fc céimtf fetrf dls uemdgdfs cmtlfstrgtm`rçags df cg Olrigamñe Qge @umccfril.








Omùrg 4. Vjmagamñe df cls smtmls.

Fabf`ly (7===) ujmañ ue fetmfrrl prmigrml Fc smtml sf feaufetrg fe ueg fxtfesg cueftg df dfaøjmtl cgtfrgc dfrfabl (CJf1) ale lrmfetgamñe lrm`fe fñcmal, iuy gofatgdg plr frlsmñe bédrmag QL-EF, iuy pfrturjgdl, ale cgs pmfzgs ñsfgs `fefrgcmzgdg y pfrturjgamñe getrñpmag sfvfrg, orgìfetgdgs y df`rgdgdgs fe cls fxtrfils dmstgcfs fetrf 1>> y 6>> i gc EF dfc getfrmlr, fetrf cls y prlxmigcfs. Dfelimeñ CJf7 g ue fetfrrgtlrml 1>¾ 71” :>”” Q / ?>¾ 10” 41”” L y 1>¾ 71” 71”” Q rfilvmdl plr pljcgdlrfs fe 7==2, y CJf: g ue / ?>¾ 10” 1?”” L. Afrutm ljsfrvñ blrels alrtgdls orgìfetl df arçefl fealetrgdl plr vmsmtgetfs. plr cg frlsmñe, iuy dfstrumdls, auyl eøifrl el Fe rfcgamñe g cls igtfrmgcfs rfaupfrgdls, pudl dftfrimegr. Agrcls Fabf`ly, Fabf`ly, quf agrgatfrmzñ agsm tldls supframgcfs, prfdlimegjge cls fc smtml alil ue agipgifetl jgsf df agzgdlrfs- orgìfetls afrçimals cmsls ale getmpcçstmal df rfalcfatlrfs-pfsagdlrfs, medmañ cg prfsfeamg df tmfstls ilcmdls, y fe ifelr agetmdgd dfalrgdls8 blrels fe fc alrtf df jgrrgeag, fe supframf gc pmf meamsls (df céefg, puetfgdls y df sural rétimal), df cg jgrrgeag, fe cg pcgyg f meacusl suifr`mdls afpmccgdls, ale jgedgs ildfcgdgs y pmeturg rlhg. fe fc jlrdf dfc fspfhl df gùg (Omùrg 6). Fe Bgjég orgìfetls ale gùhfrls df suspfesmñe, ueg supframf df 0> i: igpfñ labl fstruaturgs fsagsgs gsgs fe ametg, y jlrdfs rfalrtgdls fe ledgs medmvmdugcfs, ueg fstruaturg ale dls uemdgdfs (Omùrg 0). Fabf`ly (7===) rfaupfrñ igtfrmgcfs (–jlags’) pf`gdgs; ueg ale trfs uemdgdfs y ltrg smimcgrfs, medmagedl quf prfsfetgjge sfvfrls ale augtrl uemdgdfs uemdgs fetrf sé. dftfrmlrls plr prlafsls frlsmvls (Omùrgs 0 y 2). ^gucg dfc Zml, Qmcvmg Alrefrl f metf`rgetfs df cg Qf dfstgag fc bgccgz`l df ue gpíedmaf lremtlilrol aliuemdgd ilalvé Gmi Ilklmcfk df Alclemg (smcuftg fe`rlsgdg), medmagedl gc`øe aletgatl ale Dlclrfs rfcfvgrle 47 blrels blrels fe ue çrfg df 74.204 cg fetmdgd grquflcñ`mag @lyg Igcgjrm`l, prfsfetf : i , fe alrtf trgesvfrsgc, cle`mtudmegc y alil fe cg aufeag dfc Qgcgdmccl Gigr`l (Afrutm 7==:). pfquf÷ls iletéaucls df plcvl rlhl. @rge pgrtf Qf clagcmzgrle fsagsls fcfifetls cétmals8 cgsags, df cgs fstruaturgs tfeége ue `rgdl gvgezgdl df eñducls y ue orgìfetl df jlcg df gejlcmtg dftfrmlrl el pudmíedlsf mdfetmagr fe cg igylrég (Afrutm 7==:). Fabf`ly (7===) rfaupfrñ dls df cls agsls içs quf ueg uemdgd (EI97) plr puetgs df prlyfatmc prlyfatmc cétmags jmogamgcfs pfdøeaucl Cg Jcgeag MM










Omùrg 6. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag MM. Blrels fe cg pcgyg y jlrdf df cg cgùeg (Oltl`rggdl plr Fabf`ly).

Omùrg ?. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag MM. Blrels ale dmstmetl `rgdl df metf`rmdgd (Oltl`rggdl plr dfc Zml).

jlag. Qlcgifetf sf alestgtñ cg prfsfeamg df ueg vfstm`mls df vf`ftgamñe grjñrfg. Fe ueg df fccgs fstruaturg dljcf y ueg iøctmpcf, plsmjcfifetf df fxagvñ ueg augdréaucg df : x : i quf fe cls 7> ai sfms uemdgdfs l jlags. supfrmlrfs prlplramleñ fsagsg afrçimag cmsg. Cgs galipg÷gjg ueg ildfrgdg agetmdgd df orgìfetls afrçimals supframgcfs y cls rfstls df Cg Jcgeag MMM ue arçefl buigel. G augtrl iftrls df ueg uemdgd, Fstç fe ueg cueftg fñcmag ale frlsmñe `fefrgcmzgdg sf clagcmzñ ue rfigefetf dfc tfrrfel lrm`megc ale (1> g 16 i geugcfs df rftrlafsl df jgrrgeag), 4>> ue díjmc fstrgtl aletfemfedl açsagrgs df bufvls tfrrfel

lrm`megc,

aleolrigedl

–ifsgs’

ale








Omùrg 0. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag MM. Igtfrmgc afrçimal meamsl. meamsl. Iusfl –^rlo. –^rlo. Getleml Qfrrgel’, ^grgeç (Oltl`rggdl plr dfc Zml).

Omùrg 2. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag MM. MM . Igtfrmgc afrçimal meamsl y ildfcgdl. Iusfl df Cg Armlccg (Oltl`rggdl plr Alrefrl).








Omùrg 7>. Mestgcgamlefs dfc Agipme` Aliuegc df Cg Armlccg, gatugcifetf gatugcifetf fe dfsusl. Qmtml Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag _M.

fe arfamfetfs sf trgesolrig fe ueg mscg alelamdg

clagcifetf alil –Igrtée @graég’, fe ue çrfg alcigtgdg plr sfdmifetls flcl-pgcustrfs ale ueg jgrrgeag df 6> ai df gcturg. gct urg. Qus allrdfegdgs sle 1>¾ 71” 7>,??’ Q y ?>¾ 4>” >,71’ L. Fe jghgetf, fc cñjucl ujmagdl gc lfstf sf sfag y pfrimtf aliprljgr quf sf trgtg df ueg blygdg df dfgamñe. Cgs pgrtfs içs gctgs dfc smtml fstgjge aujmfrtgs plr iletf xfrñcl ale vmsmjmcmdgd eucg, plr cl quf slcgifetf sf rfal`mfrle igtfrmgcfs supframgcfs fe cg pcgyg8 fsagsls orgìfetls afrçimals cmsls, meamsls (puetfgdls y df céefg) y afpmccgdls; ue gsg fe gral smipcf; ue eøacfl df grfemsag y ueg rgfdfrg sfimcuegr fe augramtg.

smtml Cg Jcgeag M_ dfsarmptl plr Afrutm. Qle sus allrdfegdgs8 1>¾ 7:” 6=,41’ Q y ?>¾ 1?” :=,:1’ L. Fe ue plcé`lel fxpclrgdl df 774.>>> i: sf dftfrimeñ cg prfsfeamg df gc ifels 714 uemdgdfs, gmscgdgs l olrigedl alehuetls df vgrmgs jlags. Cls blrels sf prfsfetgjge fe dmofrfetf olrig8 Fe alrtf cle`mtudmegc fe cg jgrrgeag, dledf sf vmsugcmzgjge orgìfetls df pgrfd. ^lr prfsfeamg df orgìfetls df tmfrrg al amdg gc pmf df cg jgrrgeag. Fe alrtf trgesvfrsgc prfsfetgedl jlags pgramgcfs y alipcftgs jmfe dfemdgs l cfvfifetf igragdgs sljrf fc sufcl. Qf dfstgagjge dls fstruaturgs alipufstgs •

•

•

•

plr bmcfrgs sfimamraucgrfs, ueg ale sfms blrels Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag _M (–Fc Jgcefgrml’)

Alelamdl ale fstf elijrf fe :>77, y dfelimegdl –Cg Jcgeag 7’ l CCJ7 plr dfc Zml y Alrefrl. Fc smtml sf feaufetrg fe ue sfatlr frlsmlegdl ujmagdl

gcmefgdls el aletmùls y ltrg plr 71 blrels gcmefgdls y aletmùls (Omùrg 77), alestmtuyfedl fstg øctmig cg fstruaturg içs `rgedf clagcmzgdg.








Omùrg 71. Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag _M. Igtfrmgc afrçimal meamsl y ale gùhfrl df suspfesmñe sus pfesmñe (Oltl`rggdl plr dfc Zml).

Omùrg 74. Blrels fe fc smtml Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag _MM (Oltl`rggdl plr dfc Zml).








Fe supframf sf rfaupfrgrle orgìfetls afrçimals smñe; cg oueamñe y cg arlelcl`ég. Fe fstf trgjghl ale getmpcçstmal df tmfstl ilcmdl, df alaamñe tltgc els afetrgrfils fe cls alelamdls pgrg cg prlvmeamg l pgramgcifetf lxmdgetf, `fefrgcifetf pfquf÷ls df Qgetg Of, bgamfedl bmeagpmí fe cls df cgùeg Cg y frldgdls plr cgs gùgs df fsaurrmimfetl, cmsls, Jcgeag (Tgjcg 7). meamsls l pmetgdls df rlhl, y tgijmíe jlrdfs y Durgetf fc Blclafel supfrmlr sf mipcgetñ fe cg orgìfetls ale gùhfrl df suspfesmñe (Omùrg 71). ccgeurg abgal-pgipfgeg ue acmig blil`íefgQf rfgcmzgrle trfs sledfls df 7 x 7 i y 2> ai df ifetf sfal, çrmdl g sfimçrmdl, agusgdl plr ue prlouedmdgd fe cgs çrfgs df igylr aleafetrgamñe getmamacñe pfrigefetf ale vmfetls dlimegetfs dfc df fstruaturgs, quf rfsuctgrle fstírmcfs. QL y ccuvmgs ifelrfs g 1>>-4>> ii geugcfs. Fstf ofeñifel prlvlañ cg gpgrmamñe df rgs`ls `flilr Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag _MM olcñ`mals tépmagifetf fñcmals, alil agipls df Dfelimegdl Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag : l CCJ: plr dfc duegs, blygdgs df dfgamñe y cueftgs igr`megcfs Zml y Alrefrl. Vjmagdl 7.4>> i gc lfstf dfc getf- df gramccg, prçatmagifetf sme vf`ftgamñe grjñrfg fe rmlr, smfedl sus allrdfegdgs 1>¸ 71” 77,:””Q y ?>¸ Qgetg Of, Abgal y Olrilsg, y sme pgetgels fe Al10” ::,2””L. Fe ue çrfg df :.1=1 i: sf ljsfrvñ ue rrmfetfs. Bgstg fc sur df Qgetg Of sf fxtfedég ue tltgc df :4 blrels, fetrf fccls ameal alehuetls df –igr df grfeg’, ale duegs gatugcifetf dmsmpgdgs, dls jlags y dls df trfs jlags. pfrl tldgvég vmsmjcfs (Mrmledl 7=20, 7=20, :>7>). Fe fstf smtml cg frlsmñe bgjég fcmimegdl cls sfdm- Fs fe fstf gijmfetf, smiuctçefgifetf fe Qgetg Of ifetls df cg Olrigamñe Qge @umccfril y pgrtf df y Añrdljg y bgaf uels :.6>> g :.>>> g÷ls G^, G^, quf cg Tfzgels ^metl, qufdgedl fxpufstgs cgs pgrfdfs

bgstg cls 76 ai df gcturg, ale ue `rlslr df ameal afetéiftrls y alclrgamñe rlhmzg, içs metfesg fe cg agrg metfreg. Tldgs cgs fstruaturgs fstgjge fe iuy igc fstgdl df prfsfrvgamñe (Omùrg 74-76-7?), y pgrtf dfc rf`mstrl sf fealetrgjg dmspfrsl fe cls gc-

gpgrfafe cls prmifrls –blremtls’ dgtgdls ale 74A.

Cls ujmagdls fe Qgetg Of sle Cgùeg dfc ^cgtg MM (:>>> · 7>> g÷ls A74 G^) y Qge Armstñjgc M (7=2> · ?> g÷ls A74 G^) (Tgjcg :). Fe Añrdljg, sljrf fc Grrlyl Alpgagjgeg, Afrutm, Alaal y Agrmègel iufstrfgrle ue blrel gøe meídmtl quf prlplramleñ rfdfdlrfs. ue ofabgdl df 7=:> · 4> g÷ls G^ (C^-:67>). (C^-:67>). Fstls trfs ofabgdls sf mesarmjfe fe ue rfatçeùcl df 2> x D M Q A V Q M Ñ E ] A L E Q M D F Z G A M L - 46> ki, fe fc quf qufdge mesfrtgs cgùeg Cg Jcgeag y fc alipcfhl df cgs cgùegs Cls ^lrle`ls, fe cg EFQ OMEGCFQ Gcùels tfigs g dfjgtmr fe tlrel g cls –blremtls dfsfijlagdurg dfc rél Ducaf, y Igr Abmqumtg, fstg df tmfrrg alamdg’ sle8 su dmstrmjuamñe fe fc fspgaml; øctmig ale ofabgdls sljrf fetfrrgtlrmls buigels fc gijmfetf lrm`megc; cgs agusgs y olrig df dmspfr- gslamgdls g blremtls g pgrtmr dfc :6?: · 40 g÷ls










^frmldl/mevfstm`gdlrfs 7=01-7=27 Agrcls Afrutm

Qmtml

CJ M CJ MM CJ MMM CJ M_ –Afifetfrml df Medmls’ CJ _ 7==2-:>>4 Agrcls Fabf`ly CCJ M :>77 - :>74 dfc Zml y Alrefrl CCJ7 –Fc jgcefgrml’ CCJ: CCJ1 Tltgc df Blrels

E¸ blrels rfcfvgdls 1 El pudl dftfrimegrsf dftfrimegrsf

72> El pudl dftfrimegrsf dftfrimegrsf El sf rf`mstrgrle rf`mstrgrle

71 714 :4 47

1 =6

Tgjcg 7. Agetmdgd df blr els rf`mstrgdls fe Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag.

G^ fe fc smtml Fc Dmqufamtl (Elrfs ft gc . :>70). Fs

fetleafs, df cg Aucturg Qge Orgeamsal. fe fstg oghg quf sf prlduaége cls dfspcgzgimfetls Qm fofatugils ue geçcmsms df vgrmgjmcmdgd fe F-L df cg fetmdgd grquflcñ`mag Fspfrgezg, rfcgamñe g cg agetmdgd df blremtls, pldfils uemfedl fc pgcflaguaf pcfmstlaíemal dfc rml

gdvfrtmr cg fxmstfeamg df dls tmpls df clagcmdgdfs

^grgeç y fc jlrdf df cg sfrrgeég alrdljfsg. Fstf grquflcñ`mags8 cgs quf tmfefe iuy plags uemdgdfs pgrgcfcl`rgil sf mesfrtg fe ltrl, df lrmfetgamñe (df ueg g dfafegs) y cgs quf tmfefe iuabgs QL-EF, pgrgcfcl gc ^grgeç, ale => ki df geabl (vgrmgs dfafegs g afetfegrfs). Cgs prmifrgs dge y 10> ki df cle`mtud dfsdf cg prlxmimdgd df cg mdfg df pgrgdgs fe smtugamñe df trçesmtl, imfetrgs amudgd df Cgs Tlsags bgstg cg dfsfijlagdurg dfc cgs sfùedgs medmage çrfgs df aleafetrgamñe rél Qgcgdl, quf aletmfef cg igylr pgrtf df cgs df pljcgamñe, plsmjcfifetf plr rfmtfrgamñe dfc clagcmdgdfs ale blrels df cg prlvmeamg df Qgetg gsfetgimfetl durgetf sm`cls, alijmegdl qumzçs Of. Cls ofabgdls rgdmlagrjñemals pgrg fstg oghg, ale sfimsfdfetgrmsil fstgamlegc fe aledmamlefs








Qmtml

Vjmagamñe

Ofabgdl (g÷ls G.^.)

Zge`l plsmjcf laupgamñe

Oufetfs

Cgùeg dfc ^cgtg MM

Qgcgdmccl Gigr`l

:>>> · 7>> ME@FMQ

:7>>-7=>>

Afrutm (7==2)

Qge Armstñjgc M

Qge Armstñjgc

7=2> · ?> CGTyZ

:>4>-7=:>

Afrutm (7==2)

EI -Emagelr Ilcmeg

Grrlyl Igcgjrm`l

761> · 2> CGTyZ CGTyZ

7?7>-746>

Fabf`ly (7==4) (7==4)

Blremtls - Gcfh./Agcabgqum

Z^ 12

6>> · 6> CGTyZ

66>-46>

Alrefrl (7==?)

742> · 2> CGTyZ

76?>-74>>

Alrefrl y Afrutm

(:>>2) Kffs-Zlige`

Grrlyl Fc @usgel

7:=> · 2> CGTyZ

710>-7:7>

Alrefrl y Grfclvmab

(:>77) Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag 7

Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag

7>?> · => CGTyZ

776>-=0>

Qgctf÷l, Alclemg Dlclrfs

Z^ 1=

==> · 0> CGTyZ

7>?>-=:>

Alrmg, Alclemg Dlclrfs

Z^ 1=

=>> · => CGTyZ

==>-27>

dfc Zml y Alrefrl (:>71) Alrefrl (:>7:)

Tgjcg :. Ofabgdls rgdmlagrjñemals df smtmls ale blremtls fe Qgetg Of.

iuabgs pufdfe fstgr jghl cg aujmfrtg df sufcl, l bgjfr dfsgpgrfamdl fe fc metfrifdml fetrf vmsmtgs (Tgjcg 7). Fe rfcgamñe g Cg Jcgeag, sljrf tldl fc smtml Cg Jcgeag MM, fstudmgedl cg plsmamñe df cgs jlags y cls oledls sf gdvfrtége dmofrfeamgs df gcturg jgstgetf

fstl acgrgifetf df sus vfamels y aletfiplrçefls @lyg-Igcgjrm`l. Cg dmsplsmamñe df cgs fstruaturgs df alaamñe quf sufcfe olrigr alehuetls df ameal l sfms ol`lefs, pfrimtf fstmigr ueg amorg df :6 g 1> medmvmduls plr jgedg, agetmdgd quf pgrfaf gafptgjcf tfemfedl fe aufetg cl alelamdl pgrg miplrtgetfs f meacusl supfrplsmamlefs pgramgcfs `rupls ftel`rçals ale agrgatfréstmags smimcgrfs. df blrels, medmagedl cg prfsfeamg df rfcmfvf fe Ltrg plsmjmcmdgd, el fxacuyfetf, fs quf fstruaturgs fc tfrrfel, l içs prljgjcfifetf cg rfmtfrgdg df plags l iuabgs jlags fe ue imsil smtml alestruaamñe df blremtls trgs pfréldls suafsmvls mipcmqufe dmofrfeamgs oueamlegcfs. df sfdmifetgamñe/frlsmñe. Fc øemal ofabgdl Cg metfesmdgd df cg laupgamñe (l cg rfmtfrgamñe df rgdmlagrjñemal fs fe`g÷lsl, yg quf slcgifetf cg imsig) fe cgùeg Cg Jcgeag pgrfafe medmagr,








(Qabimdc 7=44). •

Amraumtls ifelrfs fipcfgdls plr ogimcmgs

g pgrtmr df cg clagcmzgamñe df pfquf÷ls orgìfetls df bufsls buigels agcamegdls fe blrels dfc Dptl.

fxtfesgs fipgrfetgdgs, quf ueége oufetfs df @rgc. Lrtmz df Lagipl (Cg Zmlhg), aleacuyf quf gùg alelamdgs y dfsprfedége pgrtmdgs df agzg- oufrle utmcmzgdls fe lpfrgamlefs df arfigamñe. Gc dlrfs, pfrimtmfedl fc uhl df dmvfrsls fcfife- rfspfatl sf pufdf medmagr quf, fofatmvgifetf, ueg tls fe cls aletgatls iutuls. tfipfrgturg df 2>> g 7>>> ¾A fs suamfetf pgrg G pgrtmr df cl alelamdl fe cgùeg Cg Jcgeag el

agcamegr cgs pgrfdfs df ue blrel y rfduamr ue aufrpl

fs plsmjcf lptgr plr uel df fstls smstfigs, pfrl sé dftfrimegr cg fstgamñe fe quf dfjég gjgedlegrsf cg clagcmdgd8 fc vfrgel, alil pcgetfñ ^guakf (:>7>), augedl pgrtf dfc gùg sf fvgplrgjg y cls jgrrmgcfs mipfdége gprlxmigrsf gc fspfhl, gøe augedl ístf

buigel g afemzg, pfrl Igrtée el tmfef fe aufetg

el dfsgpgrfamfrg tltgcifetf plr gaamñe df cg

vgrmgs blrgs fe gtiñsofrg lxmdgetf, pgrg dgr gc

orfçtmag. Dls pgcgjrgs, egcifetf, sljrf cg oueamñe df cls blremtls. Arffils, alil _mègtm (7=:2), quf sfrvége pgrg cg alaamñe df gcmifetls, tfemfedl fe aufetg cg prfsfeamg agsm uemvfrsgc df agrjñe vf`ftgc fe su oledl. @um÷gzø y @rfscfjme bgjcge tgijmíe df pmfdrgs tfriñolrgs pgrg Qge Cums y fc bgccgz`l

blrel alesmstfeamg df cgdrmccl; y :) fe ueg sfùedg ftgpg, pgrg alamegr, dledf cg gaamñe sf rfgcmzg g jghg

quf cg gaamñe dfc ouf`l fe cls blremtls (gc ifels

fe Abgal l fe cg Ifslpltgimg, dledf tldgvég sf utmcmzge fstruaturgs smimcgrfs) sf prlduaf fe dls tmfipls8 7) gc prmeampml, usgedl cf÷g vfrdf durgetf

tfipfrgturg, ale fc blrel tgpgdl, fe gtiñsofrg

rfduatlrg. Fs plsmjcf, fetleafs, quf cls agsls df Cg Zmlhg sfge pfaucmgrmdgdfs clagcfs, rfcgamlegdgs ale gc`øe tmpl df rmtugc, l ifrgifetf gaamdfetgcfs. Imfetrgs el sf dfiufstrf cl aletrgrml, sfùmrfils

alesmdfrgedl g cls –blremtls’, ale agrjñe l ale (@um÷gzu 7=1?). Fe Qgetg Of, sljrf fc Grrlyl pmfdrgs tfriñolrgs, alil fstruaturgs jçsmagifetf Fc Tljg, Zu``frlem (:>77) fxagvñ ue blrel quf aucmegrmgs. aletfeég dls bmcfrgs sljrfpufstgs df igedéjucgs df aírvmdl; y pfrslegcifetf fe cg clagcmdgd df Qge Armstñjgc, gc lfstf df cg prlvmeamg, dfstgpgils G @ Z G D F A M I M F E T L Q df rfstls df gcmifetgamñe fe dmvfrsgs lagsmlefs








alamdg. Qlcgr, 78 7=6-:>>

GZFCL_MAB, C. :>7>. Fstruaturgs df tmfrrg alamdg fe ue sfatlr df cg ccgeurg afetrgc Qgetgofsmeg8 Qmtml Cls Blremtls, Gcfhgedrg-Agcabgqué. Geugrml df Grquflcl`ég :8 :26-1>4. AGQTFCCGELQ, G. 7=:?. Blrels fe fc ^lst-pgipfgel df cg Zf`mñe df Fspfrgezg. ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of, Zfpøjcmag

Qgcgdmccls, ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of. Zfvmstg df cg Fsaufcg df Getrlplcl`ég, Getrlplcl`ég, =8 701-72?. ALZEFZL Q. 7==?. Meolrif Grquflcl`ég df cg Zf`mñe df Gcfhgedrg. Iusfl Zf`mlegc df Gcfhgedrg. Igeusarmtl meídmtl.

:>71. Tmfrrg, ouf`l y tmfipl8 cls blrels dfc fspmegc. Fe8 Fc ^gtrmileml Aucturgc df cg Aliuemdgd Ilalvé Gmi Ilklmcfk, Alclemg Dlclrfs, Dlclrfs, fdmtgdl

^. dfc Zml , pp. 6>-60, VEZ Fdmtlrg, Zlsgrml. prfsfetgdl g cg :¸ Qfsmñe dfc plr ^. –Mestmtut Metfregtmlegc Dngetbrlplcl`mf’ ^rg`g- ALZEFZL, Q. y C. GZFCL_MAB ^grés. :>77. Grquflcl`ég Grquflcl`ég lrm`megrmg fe fc Abgal Gustrgc8 cls blrels dfc smtml Kffs. Trgjghl prfsfetgdl fe AFZVTM, A. E.

Gr`fetmeg. Trgjghl

_MMM Hlregdgs df Mevfstm`gdlrfs fe Grquflcl`ég 7=04. Grquflcl`ég dfc Afetrl y Elrtf df cg y Ftelbmstlrmg dfc Afetrl-Lfstf dfc ^gés, Zél ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of. Trgjghl prfsfetgdl fe fc Augrtl.

MMM Ale`rfsl Egamlegc df Grquflcl`ég Gr`fetmeg, Qgctg. Igeusarmtl meídmtl. ALZEFZL Q. y A. AFZVTM 7=27. Zfcfvgimfetl 7=27. Zfcfvgimfetl df ]gamimfetls Grquflcñ`mals Grquflcñ`mals :>>=. Fc Agimel df cls blrels8 76>> g÷ls df df cg ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of. Qmtmls Grquflcñ`mals grquflcl`ég fe fc Abgal Qgetgofsmel. Geugrml df dfc Qfatlr Cgùeg Cg Jcgeag. Dfpgrtgifetl Qge Grquflcl`ég, 78 77-72.

Hustl. Igeusarmtl meídmtl.

ALZEFZL, Q.; ^. DFC ZML y A. E. AFZVTM 7=2?. Meolrif df Agrrfrg g ALEMAFT, pfréldl :>71. Qmtmls ale –blremtls’ dfc Blclafel tgrdél 7=26-7=2?. Igeusarmtl meídmtl. fe fc Abgal Gustrgc8 Alclemg Dlclrfs, Dptl. Qge c==:. Agijmls acmiçtmals y pljcgamlefs prfbmstñ- Hustl, âmg. df Qgetg Of. Geugrml df Grquflcl`ég, Grquflcl`ég, rmags fe fc Cmtlrgc Gr`fetmel. Fe Fc Fe Fc Blclafel fe cg








Añrdljg, :48 :60-:=:.

Agtueg y cls Ccgels df Cg Zmlhg, Gr`fetmeg .

7=47. Eufvls dgtls gafrag df –blrels’ medé`fegs. Fudfcgr, Cg Zmlhg. Gegcfs dfc Mestmtutl df Ftel`rgoég Gifrmageg,

ILZFMZG, G. I. :8 72=-:>?, Vemvfrsmdgd Egamlegc df Auyl, 7=0:. Cg Cg Afrçimag y fc IgtfrmgcCétmal df cg Cgùeg Ifedlzg,. dfc Armstgc. Iusfl Iuemampgc df Grquflcl`ég df @FX, H. Zfalequmstg, ûjcmagamñe E¾ 7. 7=7?. Bmstlrmg 7=7?. Bmstlrmg df cg ^rlvmeamg df Qge Cums, Pfmss y ^rfusabf, Jufels Gmrfs

ELZFQ, Z., I. OGJZG, G. @GZAÉG y D. G. DFIGZABM :>70. Dmvfrsmdgd `feítmag fe rfstls buigels

@VM×GXV, H. Z. 7=1?. Getmùls bl`grfs df cg ^rlvmeamg df Qge grquflcñ`mals dfc smtml Fc Dmqufamtl (Alstg sur, Cums alelamdls alelamdls ale fc elijrf elijrf df –Jltmhgs’ l Cgùeg Igr Abmqumtg, ^rlvmeamg df Añrdljg). –Tmeghgs’. Zfvmstg @fl`rçag Gifrmageg, 18 :=, Zfvmstg Gr`fetmeg df Getrlplcl`ég Jmlcñ`mag Jufels Gmrfs. 7=(7)8 7-7:. MZMLEDL, I. LVTFQ, O. 7=26. @flcl`ég y @flilrolcl`ég8 su miplrtgeamg 7=:?. Gcùels dgtls sljrf cg grquflcl`ég df cg METG. G. Fstgamñe ^rlvmeamg df Qge Cums. ^bysms, 28 4?-07, Jufels y rfcgamñe ale cg Fdgolcl`ég. MET Fxpfrmifetgc Zf`mlegc G`rlpfaugrmg Zgogfcg, ûjcmagamñe Imsafcçefg, 1>8 741-72?.

Gmrfs.

^GVAKF, O. 7=20. @flilrolcl`ég y Augtfregrml df cg ^rlvmeamg :>7> Bgamg Gccç y ^grg Gaç Gaç.. Veg Fstgdg Fetrf df Qgetg Of (Gr`fetmeg). D”Lrjmèygeg, 48 7-64. cls Medmls Ilalvéfs. Imemstfrml df Meelvgamñe y Gr`fetmeg . :>7>. @flcl`ég dfc Augtfregrml fe Gr`fetmeg. Aucturg df cg ^rlvmeamg df Qgetg Of. Il`cmg Fd., Alrrmfetfs.

ZF]FQ, A. 7=70. Cg getm`ófdgd dfc blijrf fe Cg Zmlhg. 7===. Grquflcl`ég dfc Aletgatl Bmspgel Zfvmstg df Dfrfabl, Bmstlrmg y Cftrgs, 608 14>CG@VFEQ, G.

Arqueología de los Bajos Submeridionales: sitios con hornos de tierra cocida en la localidad arqueológica Laguna La Blanca (La Criolla, Departamento San Justo, Provincia de Santa Fe)

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