LESSON 3
UNIT 1 (1.1) PROPERTIES OF THE ISM-STATUS (DOER AND DETAIL) How
to identify the doer and detail in a sentence
Let’s start with a quick review. How many kinds of words are there in Arabic? Ans: ‘3’ - What are they? ISM, F’IL, HARF – (
). As you remember - -
-
is a Person, Place, Thing, Idea, Adjective, Adverb and more.
is a word that is either in the Past tense, Present tense or Future tense.
is a word that doesn’t make any sense unless there is a word af ter it.
The hardest of these (3) is the
are going to conquer the
and that is what we are going to start with. We
first, and spend some time trying to figure out what the
is all about. So that when we read the Qur’an and we come across an
we
can tell a few good things about it, figure f igure it out, and then Insha’Allah build more & more knowledge on top of that. So today is our introduction to the Ism I sm /
beyond the definition. From here on,
until however long we study, I expect you to know that definition that you learnt last time: Person, Place, Thing, Idea, Adjective, Adverb and more. That’s supposed to be in your head already. So we are going beyond that now. The first thing I will give you, and this will organise your notes, you should print out the 201 handouts.
/ Ism - has 4 properties. like the tyres on a car. Every car has 4 tyres. So if the I like to describe the The
car is going to be balanced, each of the tyres have to be the right size and they have to be in the right place. And lots of animals have 4 legs. The
is like an animal
you should be able to tell – Adam was the first here are it’s 4 Properties. Something cool about the that stands on 4 Properties. So when you look at an
human being, and Allah told us that He didn’t just teach t each him how to speak –
Bayyinah TV - Arabic with Husna – UNIT 1 (1.1)
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Notes by Musarrat Bano
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LESSON 3
l
m Surah Baqarah 2:31
...
Allah taught Adam
the Ism
NOUNS Names of things.
So even when Allah taught Adam
He began with the / Ism, and we are also
. Ism. Remember them, even if you don’t understand them: 4 Properties of the
going to begin with the
(1) Status (2) Number (3) Gender (4) Type And I want them in this order, because this is the order I’m going to teach t each you in. First we learn ‘Status’, then we will move on to ‘Number’, then we will move on to ‘Gender’, then finally we will study ‘Type’.
- - and what’s the hardest part? Ans: - of these 4 the hardest one is These 4 Properties are the Properties of the
I told you between
‘Status’. So what do we always do when we learn? We take on the hardest part first. Get that over with, so we can enjoy a vacation when we get to the easier parts – ‘that’s easy, compared to what we did before’. So today we are going to learn, at least some things about ‘Status’. Not too much, but at least some things, we are going to learn ‘Status’ for quite some time. I’m going to give you an example, this is in your document, it’s on page 2. e.g. (1) I was eating too much chocolate (2) My teeth began aching (3) My dentist gave me a root canal
So we have 3 sentences. Imagine this is a story. Who is the main character in the story? Ans. “I”. How did you know? Because “I” am mentioned in first sentence as “I”, and first word in second sentence as “My” and mentioned in third sentence with the word “My” and “Me”.
Imagine if these were all pictures, i.e. imagine all 3 sentences were pictures. Whose picture would you see next to the word “I”, “My” or “Me”? You would see your own picture. In other words, the word “I”, the word “My” and the word “Me” are all talking about yourself.
Because they are all talking about yourself, I could think that maybe, m aybe, “I”, “My”, “Me” mean the same thing. So if they t hey mean the same thing, so I could probably take “Me” and put it in the position of “I” and say “ME was eating too much chocolate”. Because they mean the same thing. Or I could say: “I teeth began aching”. “I dentist gave “MY” a root canal”. But this doesn’t make sense. Even though “I”, “My” and “Me” are all talking about the same person, myself, but I can’t really move them wherever I want. They all have their place and you can’t really move them. You can’t really say: “ME” dentist gave “I” a root canal – or “I” dentist gave me a root canal. You can’t do that.
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Notes by Musarrat Bano
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LESSON 3 That doesn’t make any sense. You don’t have to be a student of grammar to know that, it just doesn’t sound right, that’s kind of what ‘Status’ is in English.
The word “I” has a certain status, it has a certain role in the t he sentence, so it can only be used a certain way. The word “My” has a different kind of ‘status’. The word “Me” has a different kind of ‘status’.
STATUS
is all about what is the word doing in the sentence.
Now I will give you just 3 labels that you have to try to remember. The first f irst lesson was ‘Status’. Now I’m going to give you a little lit tle bit of an exercise. Think of every sentence like a story, and in a story, you are trying to figure out in each sentence (and each sentence is a part of the story) – and in that story you are trying to figure out, who is the most important character. The most important character is the one who does something. The one who is the actor, the one who does something. So when you say “I was eating too much chocolate”, who is the most important character? Ans. “I am”.
e.g.. I WAS EATING e.g EATING TOO TOO MUCH MUCH CHOCOLATE.
e.g. MY TEETH BEGAN ACHING - What’s the act that’s happening? What action is happening? Ans: ‘aching’ - Am “I” doing the aching or is the “teeth” doing the aching? Ans: ‘the teeth are doing the aching’. So circle teeth because they are the doer:
e.g. MY TEETH BEGAN ACHING Whose the doer in the first case? Answer: “I” Whose the doer in the second case? Answer: “Teeth”
Third case: MY DENTIST GAVE ME A ROOT CANAL Whose the doer? Ans: ‘dentist’.
MY DENTIST GAVE ME A ROOT CANAL Now I will give you some sentences – listen carefully and find f ind me the ‘Doer’:
e.g. Allah created the skies and the earth. e.g. The Messenger of Allah taught us. e.g Husna paid attention in class. e.g. Bob kicked Joe. e.g. Joe kicked Bob. You can tell who the ‘Doer’ is. The ‘Doer’ is a kind of ‘Status’. So one of the Status’ is ‘Doer’. Today I’m going to teach you: 3 STATUS. st 1 ‘Status’ is the ‘Doer’.
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LESSON 3 The 2nd ‘Status’ is probably the hardest ‘Status’. The first kind of ‘Status’ was the ‘Doer’. Maybe today we will just do 2 Status, and leave the 3rd one for later. Because we have to study 3 altogether. So here’s the 2 nd kind of ‘Status’: Whenever someone does something, they are the ‘Doer’, but sometimes in a sentence you get extra information, more information about what the ‘Doer’ did, for example, if I were to say to you: “I ate lunch yesterday outside outside the house, house, very quickly” quickly” – I said said a long sentence.
Who is the DOER? Ans. – ‘I am’ What did I eat? Ans. – ‘lunch’ Where did I eat it? Ans. – ‘outside’ When did I eat it? Ans. – ‘yesterday’ How did I eat it? Ans. – ‘quickly’ All these ‘Details’ There are 2 kinds of questions:1) A question you ask to find out who who the ‘Doer’ is (i.e. question question about the ‘Doer’) 2) Questions about the DETAILS Who ate? is that a question about the ‘Doer’ or about the ‘Detail’? Ans: That’s a question about ‘Doer’. Like for example if somebody asks you: Who teaches you Arabic? The answer to that would be a ‘Doer’ or a ‘Detail’? Ans: ‘Doer’ - Because whoever the answer is, does the act of teaching.
Now let’s talk about ‘Details’ What does your dad teach you? - The answer to that that is a ‘Doer’ or a ‘Detail’? Ans: ‘Detail’
Where does your dad teach you? = ‘Detail’ When does your dad teach you? = ‘Detail’ How does your dad teach you? = ‘Detail’ How long does your dad teach you? = ‘Detail’ All these are ‘Details’.
The first, important question is: ‘Who ‘W ho did the ACT?’ That is the ‘DOER STATUS’. All the other answers are DETAIL Status.
Let’s try to find the ‘Details’: “ I WAS EATING TOO MUCH CHOCOLATE” Question is: What were you eating? Give me some ‘Details’. Ans. ‘Too much chocolate’ – must be a ‘Detail’. So underline ‘Details’, ‘Doers’ we circled. cir cled. “ I WAS EATING TOO MUCH CHOCOLATE” “MY TEETH BEGAN ACHING” “MY DENTIST GAVE ME A ROOT CANAL” Is the dentist a ‘Doer’ or a ‘Detail’? Ans: ‘Doer’ What did he give? Ans: ‘Root canal’ t o? Ans: ‘me’ Who did he give it to?
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LESSON 3 How many ‘details’ do I have? Ans: ‘two’ – who did he give it to? – ‘me’ – what did he give? – ‘a root canal’.
In other words, when you want to discover ‘Doers’ and ‘Details’ – you ask yourself 2 questions: Who did it? / Who is doing it / Who is going to do it & the 2nd question you ask is – Can you tell me more about what happened? And all those answers will be ‘Details’.
I’m going to give you a long sentence and let’s see if you can figure out where the ‘Doer’ is, where the ‘Details’ are: “Husna studied Arabic today for 10mins at home”
Where is the ‘Doer’? Ans: ‘Husna’ W rong! Not ‘studied’ – you know why not? Where are the ‘Details’? Ans: ‘studied’ - Wrong! That’s really important that you made that mistake. You know why ‘studied’ is not a
, it can’t be an because ‘studied’ is Past tense - Husna Studied. And if is a it can’t have ‘Status’. Because STATUS is one of the 4 And if it’s not an - So ‘studied’ is not a Detail, ‘studied’ is a Properties of the ‘Detail’? – ‘Studied’ is Past tense, Present tense, or Future tense? So that’s a
-
HUSNA = Doer
-
Studied =
Where are some Details? Ans: Arabic – She studied Arabic. So it’s it ’s the answer to what question? Turn it into a question.
- What did Husna study? - Where did she study? - How long did she study? - When did she study? All of those will be ‘Detail’.
Ans: ‘Arabic’ Ans: ‘Home’ Ans: ‘10mins’ Ans: ‘today’
So far we have 2 kinds of STATUS: 1) Doers 2) Details
Before we wrap up, we should do a really quick re-cap of everything we did today.
Ism’s have how many Properties? Ans: ‘4’ What are they? Ans: STATUS, NUMBER, GENDER, & TYPE Which of those four have we started to learn? Ans: ‘STATUS’. How many kinds of Status are there supposed to be? Ans. ‘3’ We know how many so far? Ans: ‘2’ What are the two we do know? Ans: DOER STATUS & DETAIL STATUS InshaAllah in the next session, we are going to learn one more Status, and move on.
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Notes by Musarrat Bano
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