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H o w t o B u i l d a Po Po le Bar Bar n Pole barn s are easier to build build than structures using using typical c onstruction barn rn kit you purchase will include methods. met hods. The pole ba include plans and and an illustrated guide with helpful tips to lay things out.

There are many great reasons reasons to build a pole barn including foundation savings, easy site adaptability, adaptability, structural stability, and of course, v ersatility. Need Plans? G a r a g e Pl a n s

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Here are some important things things to consider and some "how to" information related to building a pole barn. Codes s 1. Buil din g Code Selection 2. Sit e Selection

3. Soil Rating Chart Bearr in g Capa Capacit cit y 4. Soil Bea ostt Foundation s 5. Pos ostt Em bed bedm m ent T ec echn hn iques 7. Pos

8. Squaring Up Your Buildi n g Posts 9. Sett in g Posts Boarr d / Splash Splash Board 10. Ski r t Board / Grade Boa ostt Fram e Constr Constr uct io n 11 . Pos

12. Pole Barn Hardware am i n g 13. I n t e r i o r W a l l F r am at f o r m F r am am i n g 14 . Pl at

15. I n s u l a t i o n Sidi ng Panel Panel Leng th Calcu Calcu lator 16. M etal Sidi Panel Lengt h Calcu Calcu lator 17 . M etal Roof Panel Calcu lator 18. Cubi c Yard Calcu

19. Roof Styles Pit ch 20. Roof Pit sses es 21. Roof T ru ss Bracing ing 22. Tr uss Brac ecti ti on Detail Detail s 23. Tr uss Conn ec Calcu lcu lator 24. Roof T r uss Ca Raft ers 25. Buildin g Raft Calcu lator 26. Roof Rafter Calcu Deckin g I nstallati on 27. Roof Deckin Barn rn Door s 28. Ba Barn 28. Sti ck V iew of Pole Barn

Looking for pole buil ding construction inf ormation ormation for your garage, garage , shed, or barn? Didn't find it here? P lease contact u s so we can improve this thi s section of our site. We will source the information you are looking for and include it in our site. Related Nevada Pole Pole Barn s

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Po l e B ar ar n s » H o w T o Bu Bu i l d A Po l e B a r n » Construction Building Codes

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Bui ldi n g Code Locator Building Buildi ng codes differ differ fr om state to state and and county to county . Make sure you know the requirements for your project prior to purchasing plans, building materials, or anything else. While building permits may not be required for agricultural buildings in certain areas, it is best to check with your local gov ernmen ernmentt and insurance insurance agent to build the best structure right the first time. If y ou don't already hav e the telephone number to obtain a building building permit, or to find f ind out if building building codes require anything of yo u when you c onstruct on your property , use this form to find resources to help you. Y ou r Cou n t y

Y ou r St a t e Submit

If your metropolitan area is responsible for building codes and building permits then use use this form to fill in c ity data. Y ou r Ci t y


PERMI TT I NG OFF OFFII CE QUES QUEST T I ONS Required Snow Load ? 3 second sec ond gust maximum wind speed ? Seismicc and Exposure? Seismi Do I need Sealed / Stamped Structural Plans ? Do I need Sealed / Stamped Truss Drawings ? Is a Soil Test T est Required ? Are there any peak height restrictions ?

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Bui ldi n g Code Locator Building Buildi ng codes differ differ fr om state to state and and county to county . Make sure you know the requirements for your project prior to purchasing plans, building materials, or anything else. While building permits may not be required for agricultural buildings in certain areas, it is best to check with your local gov ernmen ernmentt and insurance insurance agent to build the best structure right the first time. If y ou don't already hav e the telephone number to obtain a building building permit, or to find f ind out if building building codes require anything of yo u when you c onstruct on your property , use this form to find resources to help you. Y ou r Cou n t y


If your metropolitan area is responsible for building codes and building permits then use use this form to fill in c ity data. Y ou r Ci t y


PERMI TT I NG OFF OFFII CE QUES QUEST T I ONS Required Snow Load ? 3 second sec ond gust maximum wind speed ? Seismicc and Exposure? Seismi Do I need Sealed / Stamped Structural Plans ? Do I need Sealed / Stamped Truss Drawings ? Is a Soil Test T est Required ? Are there any peak height restrictions ?


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Si t e Se Sel ec ecti ti on barn s is A great feature of pole barn that they can be erecte d without without destroying the natural environment surrounding surrounding the site. These buildings can be built in a wooded area without disturbing vegetation, vegetatio n, which in turn, cuts cuts down on soil erosion.

Co n st st r u c t i o n Ca l cu c u l a t o r s & Ch a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d C a l cu cu l a t o r R oo oo f Pi Pi t ch C a l c u l a t o r T r u s s Ca Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r C a l cu cu l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f o r P ol ol e Em Em b e d m e n t I n su su l a t i o n R V a l u e Sq u a r i n g Bu B u i l d i n g L i n e s Ex Ex a m p l e

SLOPE & SOI L The first f irst factor t o consider in site selection is the slope of the land. More slope means erosion control and co nstruction issues will will be slightly more involved.

This means a flat site is easier but pole foundations are actually easier to adapt to sloped sites than other ty pes of construction. Soil t ype is a major consideration when deciding the pole embedm embedment ent soil il bea bearr in g capac capacit it y . depth and calculating so W HI CH DI REC RECT T I ON SHOULD SHOULD M Y DOOR DOOR FACE FACE You r pole barns orientation is importan Your importantt from an energy conserv ation standpoint. standpoin t. The sun, prev ailing winds, winds, and shadin shading g are all fac tors to c onsider which wh ich can have a huge impact imp act on year round comfort. comfort .

Northern climates require proper use of southern exposure. A barn or building facing south takes adv antage of the passive solar heating available building by hav ing window window space space on the southern side. This will also provide better natural lighting. Remember that the sun sun passes passes low in the sky in the winter winter so nearby tree s can impede your planned natural lighting and solar heating. ZONI NG & BUIL DI NG CODES ZONI CODES Be certain to find out if your plans will be adversely af fected by local zoning or building building codes before you get too far into into your project. Also, talk to your local insurance agent to make make sure y ou take advantage of any benefits they may provide as y ou build the features you plan into your pole barn.


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Po l e Ba r n s » Po l e B a r n C on s t r u c t i o n » Soil Ratings

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Soil Ratin g Char t Two major considerations when planning your pole bar n project are the slope of the land and soil characteristics.

Co n st r u c t i o n Ca l cu l a t o r s & Ch a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d C a l cu l a t o r R oo f Pi t c h Ca l cu l a t o r T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r C a l cu l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f o r Po l e Em b e d m e n t I n su l a t i on R V a l u e Squ a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n es Ex a m p l e

The type of soil is important in terms of pole embedm ent depth and soil beari ng capacity. The three main inorganic components of soil are: sand ♦ silt ♦ clay ♦

In general, gravell y and sandy soil t ypes are bett er th an clay ty pes of soil for pole buildings.

SOI L T E ST I N G To determine soil characteristics, dig several te st holes around the building site. Each hole should be several feet deep. Make them deep enough to show a complete soil profile since there are various lev els of soil.

Ty pically, a soil profile will contain: 1) several inches of topsoil 2) a deeper layer of subsoil composed of sand, silt, and clay 3) a layer of substratum that is unweathered rock and gravel. The 2) subsoil is the soil we are most interested in when planning a pole foundation.

RA TINGS FOR SOIL TYP ES Gen eral Characteristics

Speci al Cha racteri sti cs

Useage

Undi stu rbed Soi l

Hy drol ogic Reacti on S oi l Ty pe

Fou ndati on

S ta bi l i ty P er m ea bi l i ty Cor r os i on Com pa ct ab il i ty P a ck E xp an d Fr os t Fou n da ti on Dr a i n

Fr os t

Den s e/ Ha r d Loos e/ Sof t Dr a in a g e

Bedrock

EX

NS

EX

VP

NS

NS

VP

EX

NS

VP

EX

EX

NS

Gravel

EX

EX

EX

EX

EX

VP

EX

EX

EX

EX

EX

EX

EX

Gravel /San d

VG

VG

EX

VG

EX

VP

EX

VG

EX

G

EX

NS

EX

Gravel /Si l t

MED

G-P

EX

G

VG

P

G-EX

G

VG

G-V G

VG

VG

VG

Gravel/Cl ay

F

VP

VG

G

G

F

G-V G

G

VG

F-MED

G

EX

VG

Sand

G

EX

EX

EX

EX

VP

EX

VG

EX

V G-MED

EX

V G-EX

EX

Sand/Si l t

F-G

G-P

EX

G

G

F

G

G

EX

F-V P

VG

VG

Sand/Cl ay

F

VP

VG

G

G

F

G

MED

NS

F

G

VG

VG

Cl ay /Si l t

P

G-P

VG

F-G

G

F

G-MED

F

NS

P-V P

G

G

V G

VG

Cl ay

P

VP

G

G

MED

MED

G

F

NS

F-P

G-V P

G-MED

VG

Organ i c Si l t

P

G-P

G

F

F

G

G

P

NS

P-V P

G-V P

G

VG

Inor gan i c Si l t

P

GP

VG

F-G

F

G

V -MED

VP

NS

VP

MED

G

VG

Inor gai n i c Cl ay

VP

VP

G

F-G

F

G

G

P

NS

V P-F

MED-P

G-V G

NS

Organic Cl ay

VP

VP

G

F

F

G

G

VP

NS

VP

F-V P

MED

NS

Loam

NS

NS

MED

NS

NS

NS

VG

NS

NS

NS

F

NS

NS

E X - E x c el l e n t , V G - V e r y G oo d , G- G oo d , M E D - M ed i u m , F - Fa i r , P- Po or , V P - V er y Po or , N S -N o t S u i t a b l e

Cited: FHA Bulletin # 3 7 3

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Soil Beari ng Capacity Soil bearing capacity r efers to the ability of soil to support load applied to the ground. Bearing capacities have a safety factor built in to prevent failure. So, the ultimate bearing capacity would be its perceived point of f ailure with no safety factor built in.

Co n st r u c t i o n Ca l cu l a t o r s & C h a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d C a l cu l a t o r R oo f Pi t ch C a l c u l a t o r T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r C a l cu l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f o r P ol e Em b e d m e n t I n su l a t i on R V a l u e Squ a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n es Ex a m p l e

Soils beneath the footings of a c oncrete slab are under the most pressure so soil compaction is necessary. Use a vibrating plate compactor for sandy and gravel soil co nsistencies, and a jumping jack compactor for c lay or silt based soils. Pole embedment depth is calculated based upon the type of soil at the construction site, frost heav e depth, whether there are "open walls" or not, and the size and design of the building it must support. A hand penetrometer can be utilized to measure soil bearing capacity and provides readings in tons per square foot. Y our local building code office c an help with soil bearing requirements in "some areas" of the c ountry, others not so much.

Soil Bearing Capacity T able Ty pe of Soil Rock w/ Grav el

Load Bearing (Pounds Per Square Foot) 6,000 psf +

Gr av el

5000 psf

Sandy Grav el

5000 psf

Sand

3000 psf

Silt Sand

3000 psf

Sil t Gravel

3000 psf

Grav el w/ Clay

3000 psf

Clay

2000 psf

Sandy yCla

2000 psf

Silt Clay

2000 psf

Remember that after digging holes for y our posts, lev el out with gravel, r ather than throwing soil back in the hole. The soil added back will have ex panded by as much as 50%. Under load it will settle and potentially c ause problems for y our project. Also, the size and thickness of the footer (concrete the post sits on) is based upon the same factors discussed above. Back to « How to Build a Pole Barn

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The new terminology for pole barns is now post frame construction or post frame buildings. One of the biggest advantages this type of construction has over stick built construction is a r eduction in foundation costs, specifically perimeter footers and site work necessary to erect the building. This advantage can melt away if a building is constructed with inferior materials or incorrectly specified material. Everyone wants to save money whether by purchasing a pole barn ki t and constructing their building DIY or simply by finding the best price for turnkey barns. Numerous engineering calculations go into the sizing, spacing, and embedment depth of posts for pole buildings. Whether a 4x 6, 6x6, or glue lam post is used they should be treated with CCA type II I to a retention level of .60 pcf KDAT (ki ln dr y aft er tr eatm ent ) or compatible level of t reatm ent . The rating for structural wood is UC4B by the AWPA and in severe decay areas UC4C r atings are rec ommended. Note- CCA is no longer available in residential applications but is used for structural wood in many areas of the country. W ood Species Southern Y ellow Pine is an easy lumber species to treat due to the fact that it contains more sapwood and less heartwood than many other types of wood. Plainly stated, heartwood is more difficult t o treat than sapwood due to penetration issues.

Douglas fir and hemlock are the lumber of choice in the Pacific region of the country as well as parts of the midwest and upper east coast. Doug fir is available in long lengths, strong, and seems straighter more often. Laminated columns (like 3-2x6 glue and nail lam posts) readily absorb treatment better than solid sawn posts like 4x6 or 6x 6 posts. There is more surface area for treatment absorption. They ar e stronger, straighter and just better.

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There are a number of factors that determine the size of the posts you use on your building. Wall height and wind conditions are two that c ome to mind immediately, but many other fact ors are considered too. Attic trusses, or floor joists create loads that may require larger posts, glulams, or closer post spacing. Post foundation embedment is determined by soil bearing capacity and frost heave. I f a cold winter in your area is a low of 4 0° and the soil is rocky gravel then a 24" depth, 12" diameter hole with a 6-8" footer may be sufficient. Northern climates mean deeper pole embedment to co mbat frost heave. Frost heave c reates an upward thrust or deforming of the soil near the grade and below the grade to certain levels. Soil that is sandy, has clay content, or includes silt does not have the load bearing capacity of grav el and rocky soil. It is always a good idea to check with local authorities about soil consistency in your county. Some areas have very consistent soil while others fluctuate wildly.

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Squari ng Buil din g Li nes Ty pical post spacing is 8,9, 10, and 12 foo t on center, with some spacings requiring more cuts than others. Post spacing is one criteria to consider when engineering for wind loads, wall heights and lengths, and species of wood used.

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Bur y t he Posts or Pour Piers There is great debate regarding burying poles in the ground versus pouring piers due to the potential for rotting. While building piers prevents rotting, it also reduces the structural integrity obtained by burying the pole deep in the ground.

Pressure treated posts that are buried in the ground properly will last an incredibly long time and preserves the structural stre ngth of the building. Sit e Pr epar ati on The first thing to do after locating the site and determining the placement of the building is to lay out building lines and batter boards. The building lines are marked by a taut string which will locate the foundation holes, the outside of the pole frame, and the building corners.

Batter boards hold the string in place and allow removal and replacement of the string during excavation to ensure the center of the hole is precise. First use a tape measure and stake out the outer corner of the pole buildings . The outside of the building should always be measured to the outside of the wall framing regardless of usage of girts or regular stud framing. The placement of the poles will then be located from this reference point to the outside corners. SQUARING A BUI LDI NG To square up the building lines measure from left front corner to right rear corner. Then measure from right front corner to left rear corner. The building is square when these two measurements are e qual length. See the diagram below for ref erence.


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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w T o B u i l d A P ol e B a r n » Setting Foundation Posts

Sett in g Foun dation Posts Hole depth is determined based upon the frost heave in your area, wind speeds, wall size, building dead load and other fac tors. Northern climates often have 24 " of frost heave and post embedment is typically 3 1 /2 to 4' for a typical sized pole barn. Check with your local building code department and local DIY r esources in yo ur area to deter mine recommended width, depth, and footer size for y our building. Uplif t Cleats Uplift is a big concern fo r pavillion structures and those with open walls. Even if y our building will be fully enclosed nail some uplift cleats to the post with 4" nails. Use tr eated wood and n ail th em to all f our sides of th e post at th e bottom . Corn er Posts Place fo oter in hole. Make sure ever ything is level and set post in hole. If your post is a 4x6 the wide part of the post goes perpendicular with the wall (4" parallel with wall / 6" running the other way).

Leave room for the girts by placing the post 1 1/2" inside where the mason lines meet at the building corner (unless you are doing bookshelf gir ts ). While continuing to check for plumbness nail a temporary brace from the inside of the corner post (at the top) and secure to the ground near the stakes. Do the same thing in the opposite direction too. Fill hole with dirt or dirt/gravel mix, and tamp solid. Repeat for all corner posts. Sidewall and End W all (Gable) Posts Repeat the above steps for each post between the corner posts, bracing and plumbing up as you go. Post spacing is determined by referencing your structural building plans.


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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w T o Bu i l d A P ol e B ar n » Installing Gra de Board

Gr ade Boar d / Ski r t Board / Splash Board Grade board, skirt board, and splash board are all similar names for the treated lumber nailed at grade around the perimeter of the building. Grade board is typically 2x 6 or 2x8 lumber treated to UC4A specifications. This product is treated for ground contact but not embedment. I n st a l l Sk i r t B oar d Find the corner post with the highest grade. Set the building grade here by setting a nail in the corner post. Place a nail in each post around the building maintaining a perfectly lev el string line or laser.

Install grade board with 30D (4 1 /2") ring shank nails, setting the board on top of the grade nails temporarily placed around the building perimeter. End Gaps Leave a small gap between skirt boards to allow for expansion and contraction as temperature changes occur. Corners Whether you miter or butt / overlap the corners is a matter of personal preference.

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Post frame construction compared to other forms of construction provides: Better Energy Efficiency Best Design Flexibility ♦ Strongest & Most Durable Structures ♦ ♦

Post frame construction uses posts for the fo undation, wall, and roof support structure for pole barn s or multi purpose pole buildings. Post frame c onstruction provides superior structural strength against mother nature including hurricanes, floods, and even earthquakes. The reason for this is that the posts support and tie together the entire structure. The posts absorb the forces of nature and transmit them through the structure into the ground. Since the roof and floors are supported by the posts there is greater flexibility in wall and window placement using this construction method. Pole framing uses less wood than p l at f o r m f r a m i n g .

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Post Frame Construction


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Obtaining the right hardware and fastening up y our building is as important as anything else you do during the construction process. Some common hangars used are Simpson H2.5a rafter ties (trusses to o) and LU26 hangars for pur lins (purlin hangars = labor intensive). Pole b arn nails (ring shank galv anized nails) for framing and fastening are readily available anywhere in the country and typical sizes are listed below including some drawings displaying connec tion details for eac h. Pole barn framing nails are ty pically in the 16D to 20D sizes, truss connectio n 40D and 60D for 2x6 purlins on edge (used for post spac ing trusses).

Fastening Steel Panels

Lean T o Roof Conn ecti on T o Sidewall

Nailin g Gable Tr uss to Lam in ated Colum ns & Posts (See method using carriage bolts for tr uss connection details)

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A nail conv ersion chart is included below:

Penny Diameter Length Head Size 2D

.072

1"

3 ⁄ 1 6 "

3D

.083

1 ¼"

13 ⁄ 6 4 "

4D

.109

1 ½"

1 ⁄ 4 "

5D

.109

1 ¾"

1 ⁄ 4 "

6D

.120

2"

17 ⁄ 6 4 "

8D

.134

2 ½"

9 ⁄ 3 2 "

10D

.148

3"

5 ⁄ 1 6 "

12D

.148

3 ¼"

5 ⁄ 1 6 "

16D

.165

3 ½"

11 ⁄ 3 2 "

20D

.203

4"

13 ⁄ 3 2 "

30D

.220

4 ½"

7 ⁄ 1 6 "

40D

.238

5"

15 ⁄ 3 2 "

60D

.238

6"

17 ⁄ 3 2 "

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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w T o B u i l d A P ol e B a r n » Pole Barn Fram ing

Bookshelf Gir ts

Advert ise Here It is quite co mmon for the sk irt boards (grade boards), girts, and truss carriers to be nailed to the outside perimeter of the foundation posts. This is the easiest, quickest, and cheapest method for barns not finishing the interior of their walls.

Bookshelf girts (also called c ommerical girts) provides more strength against high wind and provides the substructure to finish out the interior walls of your f ar m b u i l d i n g, garage, or barn. This method is simple enough. The 2x 6 girts are laid flat between the posts at whatever on center your site location requires, with 2x6 strongback support. 16D or 20D galvanized ring shank nails are ty pical hardware.


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Pl at f o r m Fr a m i n g Platform framing (also known as western framing) is the most common framing method for residential construction where each floor of a pole barn or conventional building is framed independently by nailing the horizontal framing member to the top of the wall studs. Pole fr am ing actually uses the pole foundation to support the structure.

Most contractors will be more familiar with platform framing and the additional benefits are that it is a simpler process that uses less wood than pole framing.

Platf orm Fram in g Disadvant ages Since the subfloor interrupts the headers and joists more ver tical shrinkage can occur as the wood dries, potentially leading to problems with brick or siding materials.

Platform Fram ing Details Sol e Plat e : Bottom horizontal f raming member of the wall section. Header : Beam placed perpendicular to wall studs above windows and doors to carry structural loads. Jack Stud : Fits under each end of the header & transfers load to bottom plate. Kin g Stu d : Nailed to the jack stud and supports assembly between plates. Rough Sil l : Bottom of window opening. Rim j oist : Vertical board that caps the ends of the floor joists boxing in sub flooring. Floor joist : Horizontal framing member that supports the floor load. Ridge boar d : Upper most horizontal framing member on roof that attaches tops of rafters. Rafter : Series of beams that form the slope of a pitched roof (from ridge to eave). Eave : The ov erhanging edge of a roof. Ridge: Beam laid along the edge where two sloping sides meet at the top (upper end of rafters).

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Pole Bui ldi ng In sul ation There are many insulation options for pole barn s and buildings. Choosing the right one depends on your intended utilization of the building, your budget, and the weather your building will endure.

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Co n st r u c t i o n Ca l cu l a t o r s & Ch a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d C a l cu l a t o r R oo f Pi t c h Ca l c u l a t o r T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r C a l cu l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f or Po l e Em b e d m e n t I n su l a t i on R V a l u e Squ a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n e s Ex a m p l e

Bl o w n i n f o am i n s u l at i o n seals air gaps during the expansion process providing the most effec tive way to insulate your pole barn for energy savings. Those sav ings come at a price today since this method of insulating is more expensive than others. Loose Fil l fills the air gaps but doesn't seal them. Much less cost than blown foam and effective, but not as effectiv e as expanding foam. Fiberglass batting comes in various R values and is easy enough to cut and fill air gaps with. No seal is created but f illing the air gap minimizes penetration. R30 and R19 for walls and roof. Condensati on bl ank ets prevent indoor c ondensation and provide minimal (R6) R value, 2" vinyl backed post frame insulation is used as well as double bubble radiant barrier.

These products provide excellent energy savings over long periods of time for pole buildings . Po l e Ba r n I n s u l a t i o n Op t i o n s Type of Material

R-Value / inch

Appropriate Applications

Cellulose

3.5

Wood framed ceiling/floors/walls

Fiberglass

3.1


Rockwool

2.9


Perlite

2.7

Wood framed ceiling/floors

Expanded Polystyrene

3.6

Interior & Exterio r (above grade) insulative sheathing

Blueboard

5.4

Interior & Exterio r (above grade) insulative sheathing Interior & Exterior foundation Beneath co ncrete slabs/along slab edges

Expanded Polyurethane

6.25

Interior & Exterior insulative sheathing

Poly isocy anurate

7 .2

Interior & Exterior insulative sheathing

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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w T o B u i l d A P ol e B a r n » Metal Wall Panel Calculator

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M etal W all Panel Length Calculator

Metal Siding Calculator Feet

In ch es

Wall Height

Metal Sidi ng Panel L ength Esti m ator To use this panel length calculator e nter whole numbers and decimals only (no fractions).

Building Width

You can refer to the image to identify the type of ov erhang you plan to build, if any.

Building Length Overhang Type

None

Ea v e Ov er h a n g

In ch es

T r u ss Heel Heig h t

In ch es

Pu r lin Heig h t

In ch es

Roof Pit ch

/1 2

Panels Stop

Inches Abov e G r a de

Metal Pan el C ov e r a g e ( W i d t h )

Inches

Truss heel heights vary (6"-10") based upon span, loads etc. Purlins can be laid flat or be on edge so include the purlin height based upon your method of construction. The Metal Panel Coverage area refers to the width of the panels you plan to buy. A 38" panel will have an effec tive coverage width of 36".

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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w T o B u i l d A P ol e B a r n » Metal Roofing Ca lcula tor

M etal Roof in g Panel L ength Calculat or

Gable Roof Panel Length Esti m ator

Metal Roofing Ca lcul ator Feet In ch es

To use this panel length calculator enter whole numbers and decimals only. We plan to enable the use of fract ions at a later time.

Building Width Building Length Roof Pit ch

/1 2

Ea v e Ov er h a n g

In ch es

Ridg e Ga p

In ch es

Metal Panel Covera ge (Width)

Inches

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Enter the diameter of t he roof ridge v ent gap usually between 2 and 4 inches. Finally, enter the cov erage area (width) of the panels you plan to buy. For instance a 38" panel will have an effectiv e cov erage width of 36".

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For pole barns used for a garage, certain f a r m b u i l d i n gs , and many other uses, a concret e floor is a great addition.


Dirt and gravel flo ors are cheap but they are also hard to keep clean and maintain. Dirt and gravel floor s are subject to erosion when drainage is a concern for your site loc ation.

Since there ar e no foundation walls in a pole buil ding a floating slab can be poured inside the poles using the skirt board for forms. The concrete is considered to f loat bec ause it is totally independent of the building. Changes in temperature and ground movement allow shifting of the foundation with no impact on the poles that support the structure. A 1 " foam ex pansion joint is placed around the perimeter of the foundation to isolate it from the wall framing of the building. A typical sturdy slab will include leveling with base material, a 6 mil visqueen (polyethylene) v apor barrier, reinforc ing mesh wire, and 4-6" of 4,000 psi concrete.

Concr ete Requi rem ents for Floati ng Slab

Cubic Yard Calculator Length (Feet) Width (Feet) Height (Inches) Calculate

C o n c r e t e Re q u i r e m e n t s fo r F o u n d a t i o n P o st s Concrete Requirem ents - Post Holes

Hole Diameter (Inches) Depth (Inches) 4x6

Post Size Calculate

Notes: To calculate footer only set post to 'None'. We are not suggesting you fill yo ur hole with concrete. T his is for bottom cookie and footer calculations. See the post em bedm ent techn iqu es page for more info. Example: Footer Settings - 16" diameter 6" depth No post size Bottom Cookie - 16" diameter 12" depth 6x6 post size Add both together for hole requirement.


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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w t o B u i l d a P ol e B a r n » Roof Sty les

Roof Styl es


Since a pole barn uses conventional rafter framing, any roof style can conceivably be used for pole barn s . The four major types of roofs used for barns are gable, hip, shed, and gambrel. Each roof ty pe has advantages and disadvantages.

GAM BREL ROOFS

Gambrel roofs provide more head room and provide storage space on the top floor . While they are more difficult to frame than simpler types, they add a lot of useful space and provide a really nice exterior appearance.

SHED ROOF

The shed type roof is a single plane straight pitched roof typically used for smaller barns and limited function open air buildings. This is the simplest type of roof to frame since it only requires the front wall to be higher than the rear to provide pitch. Snow loading is a major consideration for this type of ro of for northern climates.

HI P ROOF

A hip roof is a simple to frame option typically used for single story pole barns. The hip roof eliminates eave details and gable end walls for really simple framing. This roof type can be classified as a time and money saver.

GABLE ROOF

With two equally pitched sides this roof is a snap to frame. A steeply pitched gable roof is excel lent for sheding snow. Ventilation and insulating are simple to do with a gable roof.


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Pol e B a r n s » H o w t o B u i l d a Po l e B a r n » Roof Pitc h


Roof Pitch Roof pitch or slope refers to the amount of rise a roof has compared to the horizontal measurement of the roof.

Co n st r u c t i o n Ca l c u l a t o r s & Ch a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d Ca l c u l a t or R o of P i t c h Ca l c u l a t or T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r Ca l c u l a t o r Soi l Ra t i n g f or Po l e Em b ed m e n t I n su l a t i o n R V a l u e Squ a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n e s E xa m p l e

The picture below shows the pitch of a 7-12 roof slope meaning that for 12" of horizontal measurement (roof run) the vertical measurement (roof rise) is 7".

This measurement is best done on a bare roof because curled up roofing shingles will impair your measurement. If t his isn't practical then perf orm the same measurement on the underside of the roof . We included a roof pitch chart belo w the 7-12 e xample image and the calculator below that. 7 / 12 R o o f i n g Pi t c h

R o of Pi t c h E x a m p l e s

R o o f Pi t c h e s

R o o f Pi t c h T a b l e

12/ 12 pit ch angle 45°

11/ 12 pit ch an gle 42.51°

10/ 12 roof pi tch angle 39.81°

9 / 12 ro o f p itch an g le 36.87°

8/ 12 - roof pit ch degrees 33.69°

7/ 12 - 30.2 6°

6/ 12 - 26.57°

5/ 12 - still walk able 22.62°

1 12

4 .7 6 °

2 12

9 .4 6 °

3 12

14 .0 4 °

4 12

18 .4 3 °

5 12

2 2 .6 2 °

6 12

2 6 .5 7 °

7 12

3 0 .26 °

8 12

3 3 .6 9 °

9 12

3 6 .8 7 °

10 12

3 9.8 1°

11 12

4 2 .5 1°

12 12

45°

Contact

4/ 12 - standard roof pit ch 18.43°

3 /1 2 typ ical i n so u th e rn clim ates 14.04° 2 /1 2 - lo w r o o f p itch 9.46°

Roof Pit ch Calcu lator If none of the above is working for you this tool will convert pitch to angle or angle to pitch for half degree roof slope calculations. Enter any pitch or fraction of pitch to find angle. Enter any angle or fraction of angle to find pitch.

R o o fi n g Pi t c h C al c u l a t o r Pitch 4

Angle

RI DGE H EIGH T CALCULATOR Building Width

Wall Height

FT

Roof Pitch

FT

/1 2

calculate

Bui ldi ng Pr ofil e Generator (To ol rounds to whole numbers)

Width

Height

Pitch

Length Done

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Po l e Ba r n s » Roof T r u sses

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Roof Tr usses

A truss is a triangular shaped structure made of dimensional lumber designed to withstand anticipated loads at your building site. Loading, like snow load , wind, loft, ceiling, or attic loads are all considerations when a truss is designed. The top cord is sized taking snow load into consideration. The bottom cor d is where loft, ceiling, and attic loads are factored in. Large loads on either cord (top or bottom) can impact the size of the dimensioned lumber used, not only on the large load side, but on the other side as well. T r u ss T er m i n o logy

Sn ow L o ad

Roo f M at er i al W ei gh t s

Tr uss Erection & H andli ng

The larger the truss the more difficult it is to handle effectively . Roof trusses are engineered to be strong in plane with the roofing on the top chord. They are easily damaged when laying on their side. Large span trusses of 30' or more require strong back or "multiple pickup points" when transported. Damaged trusses should not be repaired. They should be replaced. Tr uss Bracing

Temporary tr uss bracing is critical to ensure safety and to protect the integrity of the truss structure until permanent bracing is in place. For detailed information see our page on permanent roof t ru ss bracing .

Tr uss Connection Details

Connecting the truss to your building is critical to long term strength, durability, and safety. Post frame buildings have some advantages that are important to consider in your c onstruction methods. Full height gable posts, Simpson H2.5a rafter ties, 1/2" c arriage bolts on 2 2x1 2 truss carriers will do the job using proper techniques and equipment. For detailed drawings visit our tr uss connecti on details page. Roof Pitch

Ri dge H ei gh t Cal cu l at or

Bu i l di n g Pr of i l e Gen er at or


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Po l e Ba r n s » Roof T r usses » Truss Connection Details

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Tr uss Conn ection Details Note: Tr uss and carri er connection is most often built using 40D ring shank nails. This example is a requirement in Colorado and in some western states. Truss Terminology


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Po l e Ba r n s » Roof Tr u sses » Roof Truss Brac ing

Purlins Laid Flat

Roof Tru ss Bracing

Purlin Hangars

Purlins on Edge / Ov er lapped

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Proper bracing is critical for a strong structure that will stand up to mother nature. Images on this page use colo rs to identify b racing. R u n n i n g t h e l en g t h o f t h e b u i l d i n g ♦ Green bottom cord bracing ♦ Blue top cord bracing 3 T ru ss Clu sters on each end & every 20' ♦ Red cross bracing ♦ Green lateral bracing As spans increase, bracing becomes even more c ritical. Smaller structures that are sheathed in metal or osb require less brac ing assuming proper t r u s s connecti on details are used. Purlins 24" oc are typic al along with the bottom bracing shown. To strengthen the roof system truss clustering (cross bracing and lateral bracing) is recommended at both end of the buildings and every 20' for longer span buildings. Tr uss Clu sters For maximum strength this image shows a cluster of three trusses tied together. Stagger top and bottom cord bracing so the lumber 'ends' on different trusses for additional rigidity as you work your way down the building.

Lateral Bracing Tr uss Clu sters At bot h gable ends, and at least every 20' add lateral bracing (green) of truss clusters. The images below show these critical components and their recommended placement.

Cr oss Bracin g Tr uss Clu sters At both gable ends, and at least every 20' include cros s bracing (red) of truss clusters. The partial images below show these critical components and their recommended placement.


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Mor e on Perm anent Bracing Mor e on Tem porary Bracing

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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w t o B u i l d a P ol e B a r n » Gable Roof Truss Calcul ator

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Gabl e Roof Tr uss Calcul ator Use of manufactured roof trusses can dramatically cut labor costs when framing a gable roof c ompared to building rafters. Trusses can be constructed with smaller sized lumber than rafters and often their cost is not significantly higher than normal rafters.

Co n st r u c t i o n Ca l c u l a t o r s & Ch a r t s Cu b i c Y a r d C a l cu l a t o r R oo f Pi t c h Ca l c u l a t o r T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r Ca l c u l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f o r P ol e E m b e d m e n t I n su l a t i on R V a l u e Sq u a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n e s E xa m p l e

Since they can be fastened directly in place much less labor is required compared to bird mouth, plumb, and tail cuts on individual rafters. Our roof truss calculator can be used to aid you in the purchase of y our trusses by determining the quantity of t russes and lineal feet required. T r u ss T e r m i n o l o gy

R O OF I N G T R U SS CA L C U L A T O R A ) Roof Leng th in feet

B) On Center (inch es between trusses)

ft

C) Width of bottom cord in feet

in ch es

ft

Calculate

For Top Chord Length -> Raft er Length Calcu lator How to En ter Sizes 24 Feet

24

24 Feet 6 inches

24 6

24 Feet 6 & 1 /2 inches

24 6 1 /2

Meanin g of 25-5-0-5 25 psf Top Chord Live Load (snow) 5 psf T op Chord Dead Load (materials) 0 psf Bottom Chord Live Load 5 psf Botto m Chord Dead Load

4' oc 25-5-0-5 psf Truss Member Sizing (No ceiling) Dimensional Lumber Required Span

Top Chord

Bottom Chord

20'

2x 4 #2

2x 4 #2

2x 4 Flat oc

Webbing Lateral Purlin

2x 4 #2

7 2"

24"

Image

Contact

24'

2x 4 #2

2x 4 #2

2x 4 #2

7 2"

24"

30'

2x 6 #2

2x4 2400f1.8E

2x 4 #2

7 2"

24"

36'

2x 6 #1

2x 6 #1

2x 4 #2

7 2"

24"

40'

2x 6 #1

2x4 2100f1.8E

2x 4 #2

7 2"

24"

Connector plates are generally 16 gauge to 20 gauge depending on truss design requirements. DISCLAI MER Th e infor m ation provided here is not in tended to r eplace tru ss drawings. Engineered tr uss drawi ngs should be obtain ed for specif ic site location s incor porati ng specif ic snow l oad, wi nd speed, eave wall height , buil ding length and im portance factor (use of bui ldin g).


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Po l e B ar n s » H o w t o B u i l d a P ol e B a r n » Building Rafters

Bui ldi ng Raft er s

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T ools Requi r ed: • Framing square • Saw • T ape measure A framing square is used for more than just 90 degree cuts. The plumb cut, at the top of the rafter, and the seat or heel cut, at the bottom, have a 90 degree relationship to each other. In order to build rafters you need to know the r o o f p i t c h and the roof span (overall width of roof). While it isn't that difficult to build raf ters, the wall sys tem supporting the roof must be level and square. It is well worth the effort to rough out the wall system to be square and level so the roof framing is simple. Many people opt for manufactured roof t r usses rather than building rafters. This is a good option for less experienced carpenters or if yo u want to save time and labor. Roof Pit ch This refers to the roof angle or slope. It is measured by the number of inches a roof rises vertically for each foot horizontally. So, a 7 / 12 pitch roof would rise 7" for each foot of roof. Roof Span Roof span is the width measurement between the outside surface of the exterior walls. Plum b Cut This rafter cut is at the top of the roof where the rafter contacts the ridge board. Heel or Seat Cut This cut on the rafter is at the bottom and is designed to sit flat on top of the exterior wall. Buildin g Raft ers This picture shows the alignment for a 7 / 12 pitch cut. To make the cut: • Use the outside numbers or the inside numbers on the fr aming square (not both sides!) • Line up the tongue of the framing square where the smaller number (7 ) is right on the inside edge of the boa rd • Angle the framing square to align the larger number (12) to the o utside edge of the board • Draw a line that intersects the two numbers for t he plumb cut • T o make the heel cut on the other end of the board, simply repeat the steps above but make the cut on the long side of the framing square. Once you have the first rafter perfect use it as a pattern for the rest of y our rafter building. A little practice on a smaller scale is a good idea until you get the hang of it.

For information about the rafter b i r d sm o u t h c u t (or birdsmouth cut) this video explains the full bearing method and the 2/3 method. A birdsmouth cut is also called the heel stand in some areas. Good information about fascia and overhang is included too . Raft er Length Calcu lator

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Po l e Ba r n s » H o w t o B u i l d a P ol e B a r n » Roof Rafter Calc ula tions

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Roof Raft er Calculator

Tools Will Not Work For You Java script is disabled. Y ou m ust enable Javascript to u se these tools If y ou plan to use a gable roof, our ro of rafter calc ulator tools are handy for calculating the number of rafters needed, rafter length calculator, lineal feet of rafter, board f eed in ridge and sub-facia,and the total board feet in the roof.

R oo f Ca l c u l a t o r & C h a r t s R oo f Pi t c h Ca l cu l a t o r T r u s s Ca l c u l a t o r R a f t e r C al c u l a t o r So i l R a t i n g f or Po l e Em b e d m e n t I n su l a t i on R V a l u e Sq u a r i n g Bu i l d i n g L i n es Ex a m p l e

Rise and Run means that a 6/12 pitch roof has 6" of rise (vertical) for each foot of run (horizontal). Pitch Approx Rise / Slope Run (degrees) (in)

R a f t e r L e n g t h C a l cu l a t o r Roof W idt h (FT )

Ri dg e W idt h (In )

O v er h a n g ( In )

Pi tc h ( 0-1 2 )

1 /1 2

5°

2/1 2

1 0°

3/1 2

1 4°

4/1 2

1 8°

5/1 2

23°

How to Ent er Sizes

6/1 2

27 °

24 Feet

7 /1 2

30°

24 Feet 6 inches

24 6


24 6 1 /2

8/1 2

34°

9/1 2

37 °

1 0/1 2

40°

1 1 /1 2

42°

1 2/1 2

45°

ft

in

in

/1 2

Calculate

24

Get exact slope using our Roof Pi t ch Ca l c u l a t o r .

R OO F R A F T E R C A L C U L A T O R A ) Roof Length In Feet

B) Rafter Length In Feet

ft

C) On Center (inches between rafters)

ft

D) Rafter Thickness In Inches

in

Example

Calculate

Ty pical rafter on center spacing is 16" or 24". How to Enter Sizes 24 Feet

24

24 Feet 6 inches

24 6


24 6 1 /2

in

E) Rafter Width In Inches in

Clear

Ridge Height Calculator Buil din g Pr ofi le Generator

How T o Cut Rafters

Tr yin g to fi nd what size lu m ber to u se? This is based upon the span of the rafter (horizontal span, not total rafter length), live and dead loads. To size joists and rafters use the M a x i m u m Span Tables for southern yellow pine. This Raf ter Span Calcu lator is species specific for Douglas Fir, hemlock, etc.

Mor e Roof Calculator s Roof T ru ss Calcu lator


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