AP U.S. Unit 8 Exam + Answers

RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION FROM 1940-1970 (IN THOUSANDS) Rural Urban 1940 57,246 74,425 1950 54,230 96,468 1960 54,054 125,269 1970 53,887 149,325 1.

2.

The char chartt above above would would be LEAST LEAST likel likely y to imply imply that that between 1940 and 1970, a. the perc percent entage age of peop people le livin living g in the city city incr increas eased ed b. the actual numbers of people people in rural areas decreased c. more more peopl peoplee lived lived in rura rurall areas areas in 1940 1940 than than in in 1970 1970 d. urban populations have increased only because of a mass migration from rural areas e. more more peopl peoplee lived lived in the the United United Sta States tes in 1950 1950 than than in in 1940 The politi political cal signif significan icance ce of the the Tet Tet Offensi Offensive ve by the the Viet Viet Cong in 1968 was that a. despite political pronouncements pronouncements to the contrary, no clear end to the Vietnam conflict was in sight and the American public turned against the war b. the U.S. demonstrated vast military military superiority c. it was was the the first first majo majorr victor victory y for the the Viet Viet Cong Cong d. it highlighted the cruelties practiced by the Viet Cong and brought on a groundswell of American support for the war e. it caus caused ed the the Chine Chinese se to join join the the war in supp support ort of of the Viet Cong

d. Medicare e. Econ Econom omic ic Oppo Opport rtun unit ity y Act Act 6. Which Which of the the follo following wing BEST BEST reflec reflected ted Presid President ent Nixon's Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization"? "Vietnamization"? a. massiv massivee bombin bombing g of North North Vietn Vietnam am by Ameri America can n air power b. full-scale invasion invasion of Cambodia to end the Communist threat c. gradual withdrawal of American armed forces from Vietnam d. turnin turning g the war war in South South Vietn Vietnam am over over to Uni United ted Nations forces e. stoppi stopping ng all all Americ American an milit militar ary y and econ economi omicc aid to South Vietnam 7.

All the the follo followin wing g were part part of Reaga Reaganom nomics ics EXCEP EXCEPT T a. increase increase of of benefit benefitss to Medicare Medicare and Socia Sociall Securit Security y to seniors b. a dramatic reduction in personal personal income taxes c. deregu deregula latio tion n of busine business ss and and ind indust ustry ry d. tough stand stand against against feder federal al labor labor union unions, s, such such as AFLCIO e. the theor theory y of supply supply-si -side de econ economi omics cs

8.

In an an effort effort to to counter counter OPEC, OPEC, the Unite United d States States took took the the lead in forming a. a bo boycot ycottt of of Ara Arab b Oil Oil b. an international international oil stockpile for non-OPEC nations nations c. the Wor World ld Bank Bank to lend lend money money to nati nations ons purc purchas hasing ing oil d. the North North Ameri American can Oil Oil Cons Consort ortium ium (NOA (NOAC) C) e. the the Inter Interna nati tion onal al Ener Energy gy Agen Agency cy

9.

The Water Watergate gate scand scandal al grew grew out out of the efforts efforts of of Nixon's Nixon's confidants to a. contro controll all new new appoint appointmen ments ts for the the Supreme Supreme Court Court.. b. tighten the security against leaks to reporters on the Washington Post c. arrest arrest the the growi growing ng influen influence ce and and power power of of Secre Secretary tary of State Henry Kissinger. re -election of Nixon in 1972 1 972. d. assure the re-election e. control control inflat inflation ion in the Unit United ed States States durin during g the early early 1970s.

3. The book Silent Spring by by Rachel Carson was significant significant because it a. help help educat educated ed the the publi publicc on the the dange dangers rs of of DDT, DDT, a harmful pesticide b. was the first critically critically acclaimed novel by- an American women c. creat created ed a found foundati ation on for for the pass passage age of of the Equa Equall Rights Amendment d. helped helped educat educatee the public public on the difficul difficulties ties of of deaf deaf people in modem society e. opene opened d new aven avenues ues for for gover governme nment nt activ activism ism 4.

The scand scandal al that that led to Richa Richard rd M. Nixon Nixon's 's resigna resignation tion concerned a. the cont continu inuati ation on of hostil hostiliti ities es agains againstt Vietnam Vietnam b. the involvement of the President in the cover-up of a criminal act c. his invol involvem vement ent in in extra extramar marita itall affai affairs rs d. illegal activities activities by a number of aides who attempted financial gain by taking kickbacks from engineering firms e. his opp oppos ositi ition on to polic policies ies propos proposed ed by the predominantly predominantly Democratic Congress

10. All of the followin following g occurred occurred during the presiden presidency cy of Richard Nixon EXCEPT a. the Watergat Watergatee break-in break-in and consequen consequentt Congre Congressio ssional nal hearings. b. the resignation resignation of the vice-president. c. diplomat diplomatic ic overtur overtures es to the People's People's Republic Republic of of China, China, including a presidential visit. d. an attemp attemptt to end the the Arab-Is Arab-Israel raelii conflic conflictt in the Near Near East through "Shuttle Diplomacy." e. the fall fall of of Saigo Saigon n to the the Nor North th Vietn Vietname amese. se.

5.

All of of the follo following wing were were social social progr programs ams establ established ished in in the administration administration of Lyndon B. Johnson EXCEPT a. Anti Anti-P -Po overt erty Ac Act b. Civil Rights Act c. Social Security Act

11. Which Which of the following following is generally generally regarded regarded as the major accomplishment of the Nixon administration a. eco economi nomicc refo reform rms. s. b. new social programs. c. envi enviro ronm nmen entt reg regul ulat atio ions ns.. d. Supr Suprem emee Court Court app appoi oint ntme ment nts. s.

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e.

détent détentee with with the the Sovie Soviett Union Union and and China China..

12. Which Which of the followin following g best describes describes the Nixon Nixon administration's administration's response to the election of Salvador Allende as president Chile in 1970? a. the administ administrati ration on grudging grudgingly ly recognize recognized d Allen Allende's de's election once it was evident that the election was valid. b. the administration administration acted through the CIA to disrupt the Chilean economy and encourage Allende's overthrow. c. the administration extended supported to Allende in order to woo him away from Soviet influence. d. the administ administrati ration on press pressured ured other other Latin Latin American American nations to join in a total boycott of Chilean goods. e. the administ administrati ration on openly openly endorsed endorsed the the destr destructio uction n of three Chilean villages and the killing of over 100 "suspected" socialists 13. The Watergat Watergatee scandal scandal led to Richard Nixon's Nixon's downfall downfall primarily because a. of his his role role in in planni planning ng and and coordina coordinating ting the the Water Watergate gate break-in and other illegal illegal campaign activity. activity. b. the press, the Democrats, Democrats, and some liberal Republicans united to rid themselves of Nixon and his conservative philosophy c. he was was alrea already dy so unpop unpopula ularr becaus becausee of his his Vietna Vietnam m War policies that virtually anything he did wrong would have been used as an excuse to remove him from office d. of his role in directing the cover-up of the Watergate Affair. e. of his involvement with organized crime in carrying out political "dirty tricks" against his Democratic opponent, George McGovern. Pentagon Papers Papers, published in 1971 14. The Pentagon

a. b.

c. d. e.

reveal revealed ed Presid President ent Nixon Nixon's 's role role in the Wate Waterga rgate te scandal. exposed the deception that had had led the United States into the Vietnam War. was the first the American public knew of the Nixon Doctrine exposed President Nixon's secret bombing war of Cambodia. help help to defen defend, d, by mili militar tary y means means if neces necessar sary, y, the territorial territorial integrity of any nation threatened by communism.

15. The decision of the Supreme Court in the New York Times Company v. United States (1971), the Pentagon Pentagon Papers Papers case, is important because a. it invol involved ved import important ant offic officials ials in the the U. S. governm government ent b. the Court ruled that the First First Amendment prevented

16. Let every every nation nation know, know, whether whether it wishes wishes us well or or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, friend, oppose oppose any any foe to to assure assure the survival survival and success of liberty liberty. This statement by John F. Kennedy best supports a foreign policy of a. Colonialism b. Neutrality c. non-in -invol volveme vemen nt d. containment e. non-ali -align gnm ment ent.

17. All of the followin following g events took place place during during the Kennedy administration administration EXCEPT a. the Bay of Pigs invasion. b. the building of the Berlin Wall. c. a limited test ban treaty signed by the US, the USSR, and Great Britain. d. the the Cuba Cuban n Miss Missil ilee Cris Crisis is.. e. the U-2 Incident. Incident . 18. The Alliance Alliance for Progress Progress,, proposed proposed by President President Kennedy in 1961, can be most accurately called an added dimension of a. the the Tru Truma man n Doc Doctr trin ine. e. b. the League of Nations. c. the the Poin Pointt Four Four Pro Progr gram am.. d. the the Len Lendd-Le Leas asee Act Act.. e. the Good Neighbor policy . 19. President President Kennedy's Kennedy's main main goal in the United States' States' 1962 decision to blockade Cuba was to a. use the CIA to overthrow the Castro government forcibly b. encourage Castro to reopen reopen diplomatic relations relations with the United States c. encour encourage age the the Soviet Soviet Union Union to stop stop sendi sending ng soldie soldiers rs and aid to Castro d. force force the the Soviet Soviet Union Union to remove remove its its missil missiles es from from Cuba e. force the resignation of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev 20. Which Which of the following following statements statements about about Martin Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech in Washington in 1963 is correct? a. it spurred the United States Congress to swiftly approve President Kennedy's civil rights bill b. it was a failure because the turnout at the rally was





d. e.

21. "Reaganom "Reaganomics" ics" was based based upon which which of the following following theories a. cutting taxes would stimulate investment which would in turn increase employment and tax revenue. b. government must "prime" the economic pump by large expenditures in order to produce prosperity c. the United States was an under taxed country where taxes must be increased substantially and the money spent on public needs d. the government must institute wage and price controls in order to control inflation e. the gov govern ernmen mentt must turn turn to to tight tight cont control rolss on the money supply in order to cut inflation. 22. The "supply-side "supply-side"" economic economic theory theory that President President Reagan sought to implement early in his administration called for a. incre increasi asing ng gover governme nment nt spendi spending ng to stim stimula ulate te consumption. b. cutting taxes taxe s to encourage encourag e new investment inve stment . maintaining high interest rates to control inflation. c. maintaining d. a defens defensive ive miss missile ile syst system em in spac spacee to shield shield the the U. S. from any foreign missile attack e. the expan expansio sion n of the welfar welfaree stat state. e. 23. The Reagan Reagan doctrine doctrine of America American n activism activism in the Third Third World was most particularly exercised in a. Grenada and Nicaragua Nicar agua . b. Iran and Saudi Arabia c. El Salvador and Chile. d. the Philip Philippi pines nes and and Sout South h Afr Africa ica e. Venezu Venezuela ela and the the Domin Dominica ican n Republ Republic. ic. 24. The conserva conservative tive movement movement by 1980 1980 was supported supported by all of the following EXCEPT a. Moral Major jority ity b. Advocates of gun control control c. Oppo Oppone nent ntss of affir affirma mati tive ve acti action on d. Crit Critic icss of “sec “secul ular ar huma humani nism sm”” e. Citiz Citizens ens again against st incre increase ased d tax taxes es 25. All of the follow following ing were part part of Reaganomics Reaganomics EXCEPT EXCEPT a. Cuts Cuts of benefi benefits ts from from Medic Medicare are and and Social Social Secur Securit ity y to seniors b. A dramatic reduction reduction in personal income taxes c. Deregu Deregulat lation ion of busi busines nesss and and indus industry try d. Tough Tough stand stand again against st federa federall labor labor unions unions,, such as PATCO

His abili ability ty to commun communica icate te tradit tradition ional al values values and and restore confidence Increa Increasin sing g the standa standard rd of livi living ng of middl middle-c e-clas lasss Americans

27. All of the followin following g were true of the Iran-cont Iran-contra ra affair affair EXCEPT a. Reagan Reagan advis advisers ers tried tried to excha exchange nge Americ American an hosta hostages ges for a weapons deal b. Antitank and antiaircraft antiaircraft missiles were sold to Iran Iran c. Funds Funds were were used used to suppo support rt rebe rebels ls again against st Sadda Saddam m Hussein d. The The arms deal deal viol violate ated d the law law and congr congress essio ional nal restrictions e. Democr Democrats ats hoped hoped tha thatt the scand scandal al would would help help the the in the the 1988 election.. 28. President Bush Bush received received his greatest public approval for for a. The The appoint appointmen mentt of the first first Afr Africa ican n America American n to the Supreme Court b. His conduct of foreign affairs affairs in the Middle East c. His lan landma dmark rk legisl legislati ation on to impr improve ove Ameri American can education d. Holdin Holding g the line line agai against nst tax incr increas eases es e. The The inva invasi sion on of of Gren Grenad adaa 29. The election election of Bill Bill Clinton Clinton in 1992 was most most closely closely associated wit the slogan or phrase” a. “The “The econ econom omy, y, stu stupi pid” d” b. “Government is not the solution, solution, it is the problem.” c. “Tef “Teflo lon n pres presid iden ent” t” d. “Rea “Read d my lips lips – no new new taxe taxes” s” e. “bab “baby-b y-boo oome mers rs”” and and “yupp “yuppie ies” s” 30. The first first woman to receive the the vice-presidential vice-presidential nomination nomination of a major political party was a. Elizabeth Dol Dole b. Sandra Day O’Connor c. Jean Jeanne ne Kilp Kilpat atri rick ck d. Dian Dianee Fei Fein nstei stein n e. Gera Gerald ldin inee Ferra erraro ro Question 31 refers to the following headlines “President Reagan Send Troops into Grenada” “President Bush Authorizes the Use of Force in the Middle East” “President Clinton Dispatches Troops to Haiti and Bosnia” 31. Each headline headline illustrates illustrates an action of a President President fulfilling fulfilling his role as a. the main main spoke spokesma sman n for the the Unite United d Stat States es b. Commander in Chief





c. d. e.

Contro Controver versy sy over over the nomin nominati ation on of Claren Clarence ce Thomas Thomas toe the Supreme Court Outb Outbre reak ak of of the the Pers Persia ian n Gulf Gulf War War The The con congre gressi ssiona onall elect election ion of 199 1994 4

33. The end of the the Cold War resulte resulted d in all of the followin following g EXCEPT: a. Impro Improved ved U.S. U.S. rela relatio tions ns with with Russ Russia ia b. improved U.S. relations with North Korea Korea c. Major Major agree agreemen ments ts on disar disarmam mament ent d. A civ civil il war war in in Bos Bosni niaa e. A reun reunif ifie ied d Ger Germa many ny

34. The Paris Peace Accords Accords of 1973 included all of of the following EXCEPT a. The The U.S. would would withd withdraw raw the the rest rest of of its tro troops ops from from South Vietnam b. The U.S. would end all economic and military military aid to South Vietnam c. The The U.S. would would get get back back all all prison prisoners ers in ene enemy my hands hands d. North North Vietnam Vietnam could could keep some of its its troops troops in in South South Vietnam e. A promi promise se of a ceasecease-fir firee and and free free elect election ionss 35. Under the the program program of New Federalism Federalism.. President President Nixon sought to a. Shift Shift the responsi responsibili bility ty for for social social programs programs from from the federal to state and local governments b. End the Great Society assistance assistance programs for the working poor c. Attack Attack infla inflation tion with a seri series es of voluntar voluntary y guidelin guidelines es for business and labor d. Slow Slow down deseg desegreg regat ation ion by turn turnin ing g over busin busing g decisions to the state courts e. Bring Bring social social progr programs ams all all toget together her under under more effic efficient ient federal bureaucracy 36. President President Gerald Gerald Ford Ford lost the most most support support from the American public for a. Allowi Allowing ng the fall fall of of South South Vietn Vietnam am to the the Commu Communi nists sts b. His ineffective ineffective WIN campaign against inflation inflation c. Becomi Becoming ng the first first unele unelect cted ed presi presiden dentt of the U.S. U.S. d. The The loss loss of Ameri America can n lives lives in the the Mayaqu Mayaquez ez affa affair ir e. His His par pardo don n of of Ric Richa hard rd Nix Nixon on 37. The main guiding guiding principle principle of President President Carter’s Carter’s foreign policy was a. Détente b. Human rights c. Suppo upport rt of Is Israel d Low Lower gas prices ces

39. The U.S. policy policy of détente détente with with the Soviet Soviet Union ended ended because of a. The The devel developm opment ent of the the MX MX mis missil silee b. The U.S. recognition of the People’s Republic Republic of China c. The The Sovi Soviet et invas invasion ion of Afgha Afghanis nistan tan d. The The failur failuree pf Cong Congres resss to rat ratify ify SALT SALT II II e. Boyco Boycott tt of of the the Olymp Olympics ics in Mo Mosco scow w 40. The issue that caused caused the greatest division in American society during the 1960s and 1970s was the a. Envi Enviro ronm nmen enta tall mo move veme ment nt b. Sexual revolution c. Women men’s mo mov vemen ementt d. New Left e. Vietnam War 41. The Black Black Power movement movement and the Black Black Muslims Muslims of the 1960s and 1970s found inspiration for the ideas of self-help, racial pride, and separatism in the words of a. Malcolm X b. Martin Luther King, Jr. c. Book Booker er T. Was Washi hing ngto ton n d. W.E.B .E.B.. Du Du Bo Bois e. A. Phi Philip Ra Randolp dolph h 42. APPROXIMATE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL PERSONAL MONETARY INCOME AMONG VARIOUS SEGM SEGMEN ENTS TS OF THE THE POPU POPULA LATI TION, ON, 1947 1947-19 -1970 70 (in (in percentages) Year

Poorest Fifth

1947 1950 1960 1970

3.5 3.1 3.6 3.6

Second Poorest Fifth 10.6 10.5 10.3 10.3

Middle Fifth

Second Wealth

Wealthiest Fifth

16.7 17.3 17.2 17.2

23.6 24.1 24.7 24.7

45.6 45.0 44.1 44.1

The data in the table support which of the following conclusions? a. Many Many famili families es came came to depend depend on on two two incom incomes es by 1970 b. The living standards of most Americans rose between 1947 and 1970 c. Ther Theree was was litt little le redis redistr trib ibut utio ion n of incom incomee amon among g Americans between 1947 and 1970 d New Deal eal and Fair Dea Deal refor forms shi shifted fted the





43. “The problem problem with hatred hatred and violence is is that they intensify intensify the the fear fearss of the the Whit Whitee majo majori rity ty,, and and leav leavee them them less less ashamed ashamed of their prejudices prejudices toward toward Negroes. Negroes. In the guilt and confusion confronting our society, violence only adds to chao chaos. s. It deep deepen enss the the brut brutal alit ity y of the the oppr oppres esso sor. r. Violence Violence is the antithesis antithesis of creativity creativity and wholeness. wholeness. It destroys community and makes brotherhood impossible.” During the 1960s all of the following Black leaders would probably have supported this this view EXCEPT a. Stok Stokel ely y Carm Carmic icha hael el b. Martin Luther King Jr. c. James Fa Farmer d. Roy Wi Wilkens e. Whit Whitne ney y M. M. You Youn ng Jr. Jr. 44. The chief chief purpose purpose of President President Lyndon’s Lyndon’s Great Society Society programs was to a. incr increa ease se fore foreig ign n aid aid b. correct environmental environmental pollution c. help help disad disadvan vantag tagee in the United United State Statess d. unite unite democ democrat ratic ic nation nationss and contai contain n communi communism sm e. stop stop the the build build up of of weapon weaponss of mass mass destr destruct uction ion

45. The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda Miranda v Arizona, Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwri Wainwright ght and Escobedo v. Illinois Illinois all advanced the a. voti voting ng rig right htss of mino minori riti ties es b. guarantees of free speech speech and press c. princ principl iplee of sepa separat ration ion of of churc church h and stat statee d. idea idea of of a uni unify fyin ing g reli religi gion on e. righ rights ts of accu accuse sed d per perso sons ns

46. President John Kennedy’s Kennedy’s most significant significant foreign policy failure involved the a. inva invasi sion on at at the the Bay Bay of Pig Pigss in Cub Cubaa b. development of the Peace Corps c. signi signing ng a nuclea nuclearr test test-ba -ban n trea treaty ty d. send sendin ing g of troo troops ps to to Ber Berli lin n e. bomb bombin ing g of Nort North h Viet Vietna nam m 47. “…the “…the Great Society Society is not a safe safe harbor, harbor, a resting resting place, a final objective, objective, a finished work. It is a challenge constantly constantly renewed, beckoning us towards a destiny where the meaning of our lives matches the marvelous products of our labor…” --President Lyndon Johnson This statement supports President Johnson’s belief that the

48. The Great Society Society legislatio legislation n enacted under Presiden Presidentt Lyndon Johnson is an example of a. the incr increased eased power of the the states states to deal deal with economic economic problems b. a reliance on laissez-faire laissez-faire capitalism capitalism to combat continuing inflation c. direct direct Fede Federal ral invo involve lvemen mentt in the Uni United ted State Statess economy to address the problems of poverty d. decreased decreased support support for the concerns concerns of of minori minority ty groups groups e. cities cities exerc exercisin ising g their their const constitut itutiona ionall right right of of local local control 49. Several United United States States Presidents Presidents committed committed military military troops troops to serve in Vietnam in and effort to a. react react to viola violatio tions ns of Unit United ed States States neutr neutrali ality ty b. support the policy of containment containment c. oppos opposee the Chin Chinese ese occ occupa upatio tion n of Indoc Indochin hinaa d. protect protect Unit United ed States States economic economic interes interests ts in East East Asia Asia e. establ establish ish a cover covertt fighti fighting ng force force in in Indo-C Indo-Chin hinaa 50. The Limit Limited ed Test Test Ban Ban Treaty Treaty a. was rejected by President Kennedy b. outlawed nuclear testing in the atmosphere and outer space c. provided for on-site inspection inspection of Soviet missile missile sites d. was co-signed by China and France e. enable enabled d the mass mass devel developm opment ent of of nuclea nuclearr weapon weaponss 51. “The Congress Congress approves approves and support supportss the determinati determination on of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.” --Tonkin Gulf Resolution August 7, 1964 The passage of this resolution led to a. the the buil buildi ding ng of of the the Berl Berlin in Wal Walll b. settlement of the Cuban missile missile crisis c. incre increase ased d United United States States invo involve lvemen mentt in the Vietna Vietnam m War d. the seizur seizuree of Amer America ican n hosta hostages ges by by Iran Iran e. establ establish ished ed an Amer America ican n presen presence ce in Laos Laos and and Cambodia 52. President President John John F. Kennedy’s Kennedy’s New Frontier Frontier program program was most successful in a. establis establishing hing social social welfare welfare programs programs to end pov poverty erty b. passing civil rights rights legislation assuring assuring fair housing and





a.

differ different ent stan standar dards ds of liter literac acy y had been been applie applied d to different groups of voters b. a majority of voters were unable unable to read election ballots ballots c. techno technolog logy y had made made voter voter liter literacy acy unnec unnecess essar ary y d. the cos costt of achi achievi eving ng liter literacy acy was was to high high e. 100 100% % of of Amer America ican n were were now liter literat atee “It isn’t nice to block the doorway, It isn’t nice to go to jail, There are nicer ways to do it, But the nice ways always fail, It isn’t nice, it isn’t nice, You told us once, you told us twice, But if that is freedom’s price, we don’t mind.” — Malvina Reynolds, Reynolds, “It Isn’t Nice” — 54. This song song from the 1960’s 1960’s is most likely likely referri referring ng to the movement to a. libe libera rali lize ze imm immig igra rati tion on law lawss b. expand civil rights c. allow allow women women to ser serve ve in comb combat at roles roles in in the mil milita itary ry d. grant grant votin voting g rights rights to 18-ye 18-year ar-ol -old d citiz citizens ens e. pro protest test the the Vie Vietn tnam am War War 55. Protests Protests against against United States States involvemen involvementt in Vietnam Vietnam grew in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s mainly because many Americans a. beli believ eved ed that that the the war war was was unj unjus ustt b. objected to the drafting drafting of college students c. feared feared nuclea nuclearr war war with with the the Sovi Soviet et Union Union d. opposed opposed partic participati ipation on in conflict conflictss involvi involving ng the the United United Nations e. wanted wanted a direc directt attac attack k on the the Sovi Soviet et Union Union 56. Cesar Cesar Chavez became became a national national hero hero for his efforts efforts to a. estab establis lish h the Mexica Mexican n America American n Legal Legal Defens Defensee and Educational Fund b. increase federal federal funding for public schools in barrios barrios c. impro improve ve workin working g condit condition ionss for migra migrator tory y farm workers d. fund fund commun community ity actio action n groups groups in East East Los Los Angel Angeles es e. eradic eradicate ate the the quotas quotas on on immigr immigrati ation on from from Lati Latin n America 57. Racial Racial discrimina discrimination tion by employers employers and formal racial racial segregation of all sorts were outlawed by the a. Suprem Supremee Court Court in Brown Brown v. Boar Board d of Educa Educatio tion n of Topeka b. 23rd Amendment c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 d. McCar McCarran ran Inter Interna nall Secu Securi rity ty Act e. Voti Voting ng Rig Right htss Act Act of 196 1965 5 58. The organiza organization tion working working for equal employme employment nt

59. “Group “Group who rule by birthright birthright are fast fast disappear disappearing, ing, yet there remain one ancient and universal scheme for the domination of one birth group by another-the scheme that prevails in the area of sex…Sexual sex…Sexual dominion obtains…as perhaps the most pervasive pervasive ideology of out culture and provides its most fundamental fundamental concept of power.” This author was an advocate of a. Black Power b. Women’s Liberation Liberation c. Student Power d. Civil Right ghts e. Environment ental 60. Kennedy’s belief belief that relieving poverty poverty rather rather than military intervention was the most effective way to discourage Communist revolution is BEST illustrated by which if the following activities? activities? a. Crea Creati ting ng the the Pea Peace ce Corp Corpss b. Supporting the Bay of Pigs invasion invasion c. Send Sendin ing g advis advisor or to Sou South th Vie Vietn tnam am d. Encou Encoura ragin ging g a coalit coalition ion gover governme nment nt in Laos Laos e. His His inau inaugur gural al add addre ress ss in in 1961 1961 61. In United United States, States, televisio television n was instrumenta instrumentall in a. Promot Promoting ing and and unders understan tandin ding g between between Ameri American can and and Vietnamese. b. Bringing the brutality brutality of the Vietnam war into people’s living rooms. c. Reveal Revealin ing g the conten contents ts of clas classif sified ied milit military ary documents. d. Developin Developing g enthusi enthusiasm asm for for the Vietnam Vietnam War effort. effort. e. Estab Establis lishin hing g most most fads fads of the 196 1960s 0s 62. By the 1970s, 1970s, the MOST important important barrier( barrier(s) s) to full female female equality was/were a. Lega Legall res restr tric icti tion onss b. Customs and traditions traditions c. Affi Affirm rmat ativ ivee acti action on pro progr gram amss d. Presi Presiden dentt Carter Carterss opposi oppositio tions ns to the the ERA ERA e. Mo Mone ney y and and lack lack of of wome women n supp suppor ortt Questions 63 and 64 refer to the following excerpt from Dennis Banks speech at the American Indian Movement (AIM) second anniversary

“The “The gov govern ernmen mentt and and church churches es have have demora demoraliz lized, ed, dehumanized, massacred, robbed, raped, promised, made







c. d. e.

to make make rad radica icall change changess in ord order er to gain gain self self-determination to enter enter int into o a new treat treaty y with the the gover governme nment nt to estab establis lish h strict strict econom economic ic restra restraint intss on Native Native Americans

64. How did Dennis Dennis Banks Banks suggest suggest that AIM achiev achievee its goals? goals? a. throug through h peacef peaceful ul demon demonstr strati ation on b. by destroying the political political machine built by the government and churches c. by join joinin ing g chu churc rche hess d. by igno ignori ring ng the the pro probl blem em e. throug through h a stro strong ng lette letterr writ writing ing camp campai aign gn Use the chart to answer question 65 Year U.S. Deficit (millions of dollars) 1980 $ 73,835 1982 127,989 1984 185,388 1986 221,245 SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1995

65. The growing growing deficit deficit during during the 1980s 1980s was a result of of the a. anti-inf anti-inflati lationar onary y polici policies es of of Presid President ent Jimmy Jimmy Carter Carter b. supply-side economic economic policies of President Ronald Ronald Reagan c. overseas overseas militar military y activit activities ies of Presi President dent George George H. W. Bush d. limit limited ed popula populari rity ty of Presi Presiden dentt Bill Clin Clinton ton e. oil oil emb embar argo go fro from m OPE OPEC C 66. Which Which of the followin following g was a major goal of Presid President ent Bill Clinton when he was elected in 1992? a. To solve solve the the health healthcar caree problem problemss in the Unit United ed States States b. To limit the spending excesses excesses of Congress c. To limi limitt the pow power er of the the Repub Republic lican an major majority ity in in Congress d. To end end Unit United ed States States military military involveme involvement nt overs overseas eas e. To establish American as a leading exporter of auto 67. The baby-boom baby-boom gene

ion will create create a major problem problem in

Use the graph to answer question 68





e.

It was was the the first first limit limit on affir affirmativ mativee action action progra programs ms

70. Which Which of the following following organizat organizations ions was part of the New Left that worked with African American leaders to fight for civil rights and protested against the Vietnam War? a. Comm Commun uniist Part arty b. Students for a Democratic Democratic Society c. League League for for Indus Industri trial al Democr Democracy acy d. Socia cialist list Part arty e. Am Amer eric ican an Indi Indian an Mo Move veme ment nt 71. Which Which of the followin following g had the greatest greatest impact impact on transportation transportation in the 1850’s? a. cana anal buil uildin ding b. improvements in the steamboat steamboat c. the the exp expan ansi sion on of of rai railr lroa oads ds d. the devel developm opment ent of clipp clipper er ships ships e. chang changes es in in desi design gn of of the the over overlan land d wagon wagon 72. Dorothea Dorothea Dix is most closely closely associat associated ed with which area area of social reform in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. Temp Temper eran ance ce mo move veme ment nt b. Women’s rights c. Sett Settle leme ment nt hous housee mov movem emen entt d. Abol Abolit itio ioni nist st cau cause se e. Pris Prison onss and and asyl asylum umss 73. The "Lowell "Lowell System" System" refers refers to which of the follo following wing a. employment of of young wo women wh who were then housed in dormitories dormitories b. chattel slavery. slavery. c. worker's cooperatives d. an early American labor union. e. a busi usiness ess or organization ion wi with limited liability for its owners 74. 74. Which Which of the follow following ing stateme statements nts about about the Dred Dred Scott Scott decision is correct?

76. The ideas ideas of Social Social Darwinism Darwinism allowed allowed men of wealth, wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, to a. justify justify the economic economic inequali inequality ty that that favor favored ed them them over over the nation's poor. b. argue for more government intervention intervention in dealing with social problems. c. create create more more humanitar humanitarian ian progr programs ams for for their their factory factory laborers. d. become become more more humanit humanitaria arian n in their their declin declining ing years years.. e. occasion occasionally ally turbulent turbulent,, but most grievanc grievances es were were dealt dealt with effectively through collective bargaining. 77. In his interpretations interpretations of the the Constitution, Constitution, Chief Justice John John Marshall consistently stressed the importance of a. Indi Indivi vidu dual al righ rights ts b. Balancing state and federal federal power c. Esta Establ blis ishi hing ng judi judici cial al rev revie iew w d. Stri Strict ct con const stru ruct ctio ion n e. A str stron ong g cent centra rall gove govern rnme ment nt 78. Reconstruc Reconstruction tion after after the Civil Civil War ended ended with the a. Pres Presid iden enti tial al ele elect ctio ion n of 187 1876 6 b. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson c. Passage of the 13 th, 14th, and 15th constitutional amendments d. Rise Rise of the the Ku Ku Klu Klux x Kl Klan e. Passa Passage ge of of the the civil civil right rightss act act of 186 1866 6 79. Preachers Preachers of the the Great Awakenin Awakening g focused on the the importance of all of the following except a. The The conse conseque quence ncess of lead leadin ing g a sinfu sinfull life life b. The sovereignty and power of God c. Repent Repenting ing of of one’s one’s sin sinss in orde orderr to be be saved saved from from eternal damnation d. Looking Looking to the Bible Bible as the the final final sourc sourcee of authorit authority y e. Econ Econom omic ic inde indepe pend nden ence ce





E4) There is a thing that nothing is, and yet it has a name. It's sometimes tall and sometimes short, joins our talks and joins our sports, and plays at every game? What is it? A shadow

AP U.S. Unit 8 Exam + Answers

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