AP Us Gov Politics Revised Released Exam 2005

2005 AP United States ®

Government and Politics Released Exam Secured for Teacher Use

This exam makes several references to a Section II free-response questions questions “green insert” that could be used for notes and scratch work. The exam no longer contains this insert. Currently, students are permitted to use a blank page in the Section II exam booklet to organize their answers and for scratch work, but they must write their answers on the lined pages provided for each question.

NOTE:

This Released Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to other online services such as the AP Teacher Teacher Community and Online Score Reports.

Exam Instructions Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions Section II: Free-Response Questions Multiple-Choice Answer Key Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet

Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the book and in the actual exam. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1.

© 2015 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam Wednesday, May 11, 2005—8:00 a.m. (7:00 a.m. in Alaska)

UNITED STA STATES TES GOVERNMENT AND AN D POLITICS Two hours and twenty-five twenty-five minutes are allotted for this exam: 45 minutes for Section I, which consists of 60 multiple-choice questions; and 100 minutes for Section II, which consists of four mand atory essay questions. Section I is printed in this exam booklet. Section II is printed in a separate booklet. SECTION I Time — 45 minutes Number of questions — 60 Percent of total grade — 50

Section I of this exam contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Therefore, Therefore, please be careful to fill in only the ovals that are preceded by numbers 1 through 60 on your answer sheet.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT GO VERNMENT AND POLITICS SECTION II Time—100 Time—1 00 minutes Percent of total grade—50 General Instructions All students must answer all four free -response questions. You You should spend approximately 25 minutes answering each of the four questions. All four questions will be weighed equally in determ ining your score on this section of the exam. Section II of this exam requires answers in essay form. The questions for Section II are printed in the green insert. Use t he green insert to organize your answers and for scratchwork, scratchwork, but write your answer in the pink booklet. Number each answer as the question is numbered in the exam. Do not skip lines. Begin each answer on a new page in the pink booklet. You should write your answers with a black or dark blue pen. Be su re to write CLEARLY and LEGIBLY. LEGIBLY. Cross out any errors you make.

No credit will be g iven for for work shown in the green insert.

AP Examination Instructions

What Proctors Need to Bring to This Exam

• • • • •

Exam packets Answer sheets AP Student Packs 2005 AP Coordinator’ 2005 AP Coordinator’ss Manual is book – AP Examination Instructions • School codes and state homeschool codes • Pencil sharpener

• • • • • •

Extra No. No. 2 pencils Extra pens with black or dark blue blue ink Lined paper Stapler Watch Signs for for the door door to to the testing testing room – “Exam in Progress” – “Cell phones are prohibited in the testing room”

Do not begin the exam instructions below until you have completed completed the appropriate appropriate General Instructions for your group. group. Make sure su re you begin the exam exa m at the designated time. When you have completed completed the General Instructions, say: [At the U.S. Government and Politics administration only, say:] It is Wednesday morning, May 11, and you will be taking the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam.

[At the Comparative Government and Politics administration only, say:] It is Wednesday afternoon, May 11, and you will be taking the AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam.

[Continue [Con tinue for both administrations:] In moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. By opening this packet, you agree to all of the AP Program’s policies and procedures outlined in the 2004-05 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents . You may now open your exam packet and take out the Section I booklet, but do not open the booklet or the sealed Section II materials. Put the white seals aside. Read the statements on the front cover of Section I and look up when you have finished. … Now sign your name and write today’s date. Look up when you have finished. … Now this is important. If you have never taken an AP Exam, print your full legal name. If you have taken an AP Exam in the past, print your name as listed on your AP Grade Report so that you will not generate multiple grade reports. Are there any questions? …

Answer any questions. en say: Read the directions on the back cover. When you have finished, look up. … Are there any questions? …

G O V E R N M E N T A N D P O L I T I C S

Government and Politics

Answer any questions. en say: Section I is the multiple-choice portion of the exam. You may never discuss these specific multiple-choice questions at any time with anyone, including your teacher and other students. If you disclose these questions through any means, your AP Exam grade may be canceled. Are there any questions? …

Answer any questions. en say: You must complete the answer sheet using a No. 2 pencil only. Mark all of your responses on your answer sheet, one response per question. Completely fill in the ovals. There are more answer ovals on the answer sheet than there are questions, so you will have unused ovals when you reach the end. Your answer sheet will be scored by machine; any stray marks or smudges could be read as answers. If you must, erase carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper is not allowed, but you may use the margins or any blank space in the exam booklet for scratch work. Are there any questions? …

Answer all questions regarding procedure. en say: You have 45 minutes for this section. Open your Section I booklet and begin. � 

Note Start Time here . Note Stop Time here . You and your proctors should make sure students are marking their answers in pencil on the answer sheet, and that they are not looking at the sealed Section II booklet. Aer 45 minutes, say: 



Stop working. Close your booklet and put your answer sheet on your desk, face up, with the fold to your left. I will now collect your answer sheet.

Aer you have collected an answer sheet from each student, say: Take your seals and press one on each area of your exam booklet marked “PLACE SEAL HERE.” Fold them over the open edges and press them to the back cover. When you have finished, place the booklet on your desk with the cover face up and the fold to your left. … I will now collect your Section I booklet. …

As you collect the sealed Section I booklets, check to be sure that each student has signed the front cover. ere is a 10-minute break between Sections I and II. When all Section I materials have been collected and accounted for and you are ready for the break, say: We’re going to have a short break, but first please listen to the break rules. Everything you placed under your chair at the beginning of the exam must remain there. You are not allowed to consult teachers, other students, or textbooks about the exam materials during the break. You may not make phone calls, send text messages, check e-mail, or access a computer or a handheld electronic device, such as a PDA or a calculator. Remember, you are not allowed to discuss the multiple-choice section of this exam with anyone at any time. Failure to adhere to any of these rules could result in invalidation


of your grade. Please leave your sealed Section II package on top of your desk during the break. You may get up, talk, go to the restroom, or get a drink. Are there any questions? …

Answer all questions regarding procedure. en say: � 

 

Let’s begin our break. Testing will resume at _________________ .

Aer the break, say: May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk. … You may now open the sealed Section II package. … Read the statements on the front cover of the pink booklet. When you have finished, look up. … Turn to the back cover and read Item 1 under “Important Identification Information.” Use a pen with black or dark blue ink to print your identification information in the boxes. Note that you must print the first two letters of your LAST name and the first letter of your FIRST name. Look up when you have finished. … In Item 2, print your date of birth in the boxes. … Read Item 3 and copy the school code you printed on the front of your Student Pack into the boxes. … Read Item 4. … Read Item 5 and then place an AP number label on the shaded box. If you don’t place an AP number label or write your AP number in this box, you risk the loss of your free-response booklet. Look up when you have finished. … Read Item 6. Printing the first, middle, and last initials of your legal name in the boxes constitutes your signature and your agreement to the conditions stated on the front cover. Print your initials and today’s date, agreeing to these conditions. … Are there any questions? …

Answer all questions regarding procedure. en say: I need to collect the Student Pack from anyone who will be taking another AP Exam. If you will be, put your Student Pack on your desk. You may keep it only if you will not take any more AP Exams thi s year. If you have no more AP Exams to take, place your Student Pack under your chair now. … While Student Packs are being collected, read the directions for Section II on the back cover of the pink booklet. Do not open the booklet until you are told to do so. When you have finished, look up. …


Government and Politics

Collect the Student Packs. en say: Are there any questions? …

Answer all questions regarding procedure. en say: Now open the Section II booklet and tear out the green insert that is in the center of the booklet. In the upper left-hand corner of the cover, print your name, teacher, and school. … Read the directions on the front cover of the green insert. Look up when you have finished. … You have 1 hour and 40 minutes to complete Section II. It is suggested that you spend 25 minutes answering each question. At various points, you will be advised to move on to the next question. You are responsible for pacing yourself, however, and you may proceed freely from one question to the next. You can make notes in the green insert, but you must write your answers in the pink booklet using a pen with black or dark blue ink. You may begin. � 

Note Start Time here . Note Stop Time here . You and your proctors should make sure students are using pens with black or dark blue ink and that they are writing their answers in the pink Section II booklet, not in the green insert. Aer 25 minutes, say: 



You should move on to question 2 if you have not already done so.

Aer 25 minutes, say: You should move on to question 3 if you have not already done so.

Aer 25 minutes, say: You should move on to question 4 if you have not already done so.

Aer 15 minutes, say: There are 10 minutes remaining.

Aer 10 minutes, say: Stop working and close your exam booklet and green insert. Put your pink booklet on your desk, face up, with the fold to your left. Put your green insert next to it. Remain in your seat, without talking, while the exam materials are collected. …

Collect a pink Section II booklet and a green insert from every student. Check the back cover of each pink booklet to ensure that the student has completed the “Important Identification Information” area and placed an AP number label in the box. If the size of your group permits, check that answers have been written in the pink booklet and not in the green insert. e green inserts must be stored securely for no less than two school days. Aer t he two-day holding time, the green inserts may be given to the appropriate AP teacher(s) for return to the students. When all exam materials have been collected and accounted for, say: Your teacher will return your green insert to you in about two days. You may not discuss the free-response questions with anyone until that time.


Remember that the multiple-choice questions may never be discussed or shared in any way at any time. You should receive your grade report in the mail about the third week of July. You are now dismissed.

Exam materials should be put in locked storage until they are returned to the AP Program aer your school’s last administration. Before storing materials, check your list of students who are eligible for fee reductions and fill in the appropriate oval on their registration answer sheets. To receive a separate Report to AP Teachers or student grade roster for each AP class taught, fill in the appropriate oval in the “School Use Only” section of the answer sheet. See “Post-Exam Activities” in the 2005 AP Coordinator’s Manual .


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PAGE 2 COMPLETE THIS AREA AT EACH EXAM (IF APPLICABLE). O. SURVEY QUESTIONS — Answer the survey questions in the AP Student Pack. Do not put responses to exam questions in this section. 1

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P. LANGUAGE — Do not complete this section unless instructed to do so. If this answer sheet is for the French Language and Culture, German Language and Culture, Italian Language and Culture, Spanish Language and Culture, or Spanish Literature and Culture Exam, please answer the following questions. Your responses will not affect your score. 1. Have you lived or studied for one month or more i n a country where th e language of the exam you are now taking is spoken? Yes

2. Do you regularly speak or hear the language at home?

No

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QUESTIONS 1–75

Indicate your answers to the exam questions in this section (pages 2 and 3). Mark only one response per question for Questions 1 through 120. If a question has only four answer options, do not mark option E. Answers written in the multiple-choice booklet will not be scored. A EXAMPLES OF INCOMPLETE MARKS A

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You must use a No. 2 pencil and marks must be complete. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It is very important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response, erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score.

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© 2014 The College Board. College Board, AP, Student Search Service and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board.

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Two hours and twenty-five minutes are allotted for this exam: 45 minutes for Section I, which consists of 60 multiple-choice questions; and 100 minutes for Section I I, which consists of four ma ndatory essay questions. Section I is printed in this exam booklet. Section II is printed in a separate booklet. SECTION I Time — 45 minutes Number of questions — 60 Percent of total grade — 50

Section I of this exam contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Therefore, please be careful to fill in only the ovals that are preceded by numbers 1 through 60 on your answer sheet. General Instructions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. INDICATE ALL YOUR ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN SECTION I ON THE ANSWER SHEET. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the book for notes or scratchwork. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, COMPLETELY fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Sample Answer

Example: Chicago is a (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

A

B

C

D

E

state city country continent village

Use your time effectively, working as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on questions that are too difficult. Go on to other questions and come back to the difficult ones later if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will be able to answer all of the multiple-choice questions

FORM 4BBP

57 726174

-2-

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Section I Time—45 minutes 60 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following factors is most important in influencing presidential nominations for the federal judiciary?

4. Congress enacted the presidential line-item veto primarily in order to (A) (B) (C) (D)

control local pork-barrel projects prevent defense overruns limit welfare payments to unwed mothers increase payments to foreign countries for development aid (E) decrease United States contributions to the United Nations

(A) (B) (C) (D)

The age of the nominee The state in which the nominee was born The political party of the nominee The law school from which the nominee graduated (E) The number of years the nominee has served as a state judge

5. One widespread effect of the mass media on presidential campaigns is that the mass media have

2. The power to remove the President from office through the impeachment process requires actions by (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(A) lowered the cost of campaigns by making it easier to reach large numbers of voters (B) replaced political parties as the primary source of information about candidates (C) increased the importance of party conventions in the selection of nominees (D) introduced a liberal bias into campaigns by pushing candidates to the left (E) increased public optimism by encouraging positive campaigns for the presidency

both houses of Congress the Senate only the House of Representatives only the chief justice of the Supreme Court only the Senate and the Supreme Court

3. When did Black women receive the right to vote in federal elections? (A) With the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 (B) With the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (C) With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (D) When the first Black woman was elected to Congress (E) When the Three-Fifths Compromise was repealed

6. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining whether a candidate wins a congressional election? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is i llegal.

Positions on various policies Incumbency status Presidential endorsement Individual campaign contributions Support by political action committees (PAC’s)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3-

7. In The Federalist number 10, James Madison contended that government should (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

11. Which of the following is a basic tenet of pluralist theory?

deny citizens access to competitive factions abolish most competitive factions limit the number of political factions regulate factions through taxation permit many factions to compete

(A) Politics is best understood as competition among groups of people with shared interests. (B) Politics is best understood as the study of individuals rather than groups. (C) Interest groups are too closely controlled by their leaders to be representative of the public at large. (D) Courts should play almost no role in the political process because judges are almost never elected. (E) Political leaders are motivated more by their values or visions than by their desire to be reelected.

8. Which of the following political events can NEVER occur under the current electoral college system? (A) The presidential candidate who receives the most popular votes nationally loses the election. (B) The outcome of the presidential election is decided in the House of Representatives. (C) An elector votes for a presidential candidate other than one supported by the party that the elector represents. (D) The presidential candidate who achieves 53 percent of the popular vote in a state wins 53 percent of that state’s electoral votes. (E) The presidential candidate who receives 270 electoral votes wins the election.

12. Which of the following is considered to be the most immune from the pressures of public opinion? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

9. All of the following are tactics used by interest groups to influence the political process EXCEPT

13. Judicial review refers to the power of the Supreme Court to

(A) distributing incumbents’ voting records before upcoming elections (B) filing amicus curiae briefs before the Supreme Court (C) supporting legislation before Congress (D) keeping all lobbying records confidential (E) creating political action committees (PAC’s) to donate funds to candidates

(A) review every law passed by Congress (B) declare actions taken by the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional (C) advise both Congress and the President on the constitutionality of their proposals (D) declare actions of lower courts unconstitutional, but not acts of Congress (E) review every action taken by Congress and the President

10. The amount by which federal spending exceeds revenues in a given year is known as the (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

The presidency The cabinet The judiciary The House of Representatives The Senate

14. The Ethics in Government Act of 1978 required presidential appointees to

national debt capital gain budget deficit gross domestic product interest on the debt

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)


disclose their financial records give up all other jobs pay for their own travel to Washington be confirmed by the Senate be confirmed by both the Senate and the House


Questions 15-17

CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS FOR HOUSE AND SENATE ELECTIONS BY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PAC’s) AND LEADING WOMEN’S PAC’s, 1989-1990

FUNDS TO: Incumbents Challengers Open Seat Total Total Funds: Candidates:

All PAC’s

NOW*

NWPC**

Emily’s List

Total for Leading Women’s PAC’s

78.2% 10.4% 11.4% 100.0% $149,696,438 -

29.3% 39.0% 31.7% 100.0% $141,820 43

22.4% 50.3% 27.3% 100.0% $15,500 22

38.6% 24.0% 37.4% 100.0% $66,201 13

31.5% 35.4% 33.1% 100.0% $223,521 -

*National Organization for Women **National Women’s Political Caucus

15. Which of the following groups of candidates would lose the most money as a result of a ban on all PAC contributions? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

17. Which of the following statements about women’s PAC’s can be supported from the figures in the table?

Women Incumbents Challengers Those running for open seats Those supported by NOW

(A) Women’s PAC’s gave more money to elect new people to Congress than to reelect incumbents. (B) In terms of money spent, Emily’s List was the largest women’s PAC. (C) Challengers raised most of their money from women’s PAC’s, while incumbents raised most of their money from other PAC’s. (D) Women challengers raised more money than their incumbent opponents. (E) Women’s PAC’s provided about a third of all the PAC money available.

16. Which of the following statements concerning PAC’s is supported by information in the table? (A) PAC’s divide their support approximately equally among incumbents, challengers, and candidates for open seats. (B) 78.2 percent of the funds raised by incumbents is provided by PAC’s. (C) PAC’s support relatively few candidates; most candidates raise money solely from individuals or use their own money. (D) For every $10 they give to challengers, PAC’s give over $75 to incumbents. (E) Of the three types of candidates, those running for open seats usually receive the smallest share of PAC dollars.



18. Which of the following best defines political socialization?

20. Of the following, the most significant difference between the Constitution of 1787 and the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitution

(A) The process by which political parties seek financial support from wealthy supporters (B) The process by which individuals formally join a political party (C) The process by which people acquire their attitudes toward politics (D) The attempt by candidates for public office to meet and greet as many voters as possible (E) The interaction that occurs when individuals attend political rallies and conventions

(A) made states sovereign over the national government, while the Articles were based on national sovereignty (B) was difficult to amend, while the Articles included an easier process requiring approval by a simple majority of states (C) provided for a presidential system of government, while the Articles provided for a parliamentary system of government (D) created a dominant national executive, while the Articles established a dominant national legislature (E) provided for a strong national government with many powers, while the Articles created a weak central government with few independent powers

19. “Motor-voter” legislation allows eligible citizens to do which of the following? (A) Cast their votes at local offices of the department of motor vehicles (B) Register to vote at the offices of government agencies such as departments of motor vehicles (C) Call for free transportation to the polls on election day (D) Pick up absentee ballots at local offices of the department of motor vehicles (E) Use drive-through voting machines



Signe/Cartoonists & Writers Syndicate

21. The cartoon above depicts the assertion of which principle of American civil liberties? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Freedom of religion The right to bear arms Freedom of the press Freedom of association Freedom of speech



22. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Supreme Court and the cases it hears?

26. A realigning election is characterized by which of the following? I. Unusually low voter participation II. Clear policy differences between the major parties III. The tendency of voters to engage in splitticket voting IV. A significant and long-lasting shift of group support from one party to another

(A) The Court hears only a small percentage of cases submitted for certiorari . (B) The Court hears all appeals regarding civil rights issues. (C) All of the cases heard by the Court have previously been heard in a lower federal court. (D) Most cases heard by the Court involve original jurisdiction. (E) The Court must hear all cases appealed from state courts.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

23. All of the following are presidential powers EXCEPT the authority to (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

27. Since its origin during the New Deal era, social welfare policy in the United States has at times provided for all of the following EXCEPT

negotiate treaties veto legislation declare war nominate cabinet members nominate ambassadors

(A) federal subsidies for the purchase of food (B) educational assistance for people who are blind (C) income for mothers of dependent children (D) universal medical coverage for children (E) public housing for some low-income families

24. Which of the following types of committee deals with broad areas of public policy and can be found in both houses of Congress? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Rules Select Joint Standing Conference

28. Which of the following best describes an “iron triangle” ? (A) An alliance between steel manufacturers and the defense industries to sustain a market for their products (B) An alliance between national, state, and local bureaucrats to advance bureaucratic objectives (C) A relationship between bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists, all of whom seek policies in their particular interest (D) The combined efforts of the House, the Senate, and the executive branch to put a ceiling on prices for iron and steel (E) The linking of mining and manufacturing processes for iron, steel, and coal on a national basis during wartime

25. The ability of the federal courts to make public policy derives from all of the following EXCEPT their power to (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

II only I and III only II and IV only I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV

interpret existing law interpret the United States Constitution extend the reach of existing law impose mandated remedies enact new laws



29. Congress passed the most important laws protecting the rights of African Americans during the (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

31. A recurring issue regarding the process of amending the Constitution has been that

Second World War Great Depression Reagan administration Johnson administration Carter administration

(A) most of the amendments introduced in Congress eventually have been ratified (B) the required ratification by three-fourths of the states is cumbersome and time-consuming (C) amendments may be proposed and ratified by the same legislative body (D) amendments may alter the election processes or the federal government structure (E) the process results in dangerous ideological swings due to the ease of ratification

30. Which of the following forms of federal assistance to the states provides state governments with the greatest degree of flexibility in structuring their policy initiatives? (A) Conditional grants-in-aid (B) Categorical grants (C) Block grants (D) Unfunded mandates (E) Earmarked funds



Questions 32-33 refer to the chart below.

32. Except for the years l984 and l992, voter turnout in presidential elections has declined steadily since (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

33. The dotted line in the chart refers to (A) a Supreme Court decision to guarantee voting rights to citizens 18 years of age and older (B) a Federal Election Commission ruling to lower the voting age (C) widespread adoption by most states of l8-andover voting laws (D) implementation of the national “motorvoter” law (E) ratification of the Twenty-sixth Amendment

l932 l940 l952 l960 l972



36. Which of the following is true of a filibuster?

Questions 34-35 refer to the following chart.

(A) It allows a minority of senators to block a bill. (B) It allows a minority in either house to block a bill. (C) It allows nongermane amendments to be added to a bill. (D) It brings a bill out of committee for a floor vote. (E) It sends a bill back to committee for changes. 37. Under the Constitution prior to the Seventeenth Amendment, United States Senators were (A) elected to ten-year terms (B) elected directly by the people (C) chosen only from the House of Representatives (D) appointed by the President (E) chosen by members of state legislatures 38. Which of the following statements about political action committees (PAC’s) is true? (A) They may not give funding to interest groups. (B) They are prohibited from lobbying individual members of Congress. (C) They get funding from political parties. (D) They are composed of members of Congress. (E) They are limited in the amount of funding they can give to an individual candidate.

34. Which of the following best describes the pattern in the chart? (A) Total tax revenues fell from 1981 to 1992 and then rose. (B) The amount of money wealthy people paid in taxes declined steadily from 1981 to 1992 and then began to increase. (C) Tax rates for all taxpayers fell in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. (D) Wealthy people paid over one-half of their income to the federal government between 1981 and 1995. (E) Tax rates for wealthy people were lowest in 1991-1992 and highest in 1981. 35. The trend shown in the chart contributed to which the following in the 1980’s? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Rising federal deficits Falling foreign debt More equal distribution of income Persistently high inflation rates Passage of the Budget and Impoundment Control Act



39. Which of the following best summarizes the concept of dealignment?

41. All of the following statements about presidential vetoes are correct EXCEPT:

(A) People are increasingly detached from political parties. (B) A large number of people change political party allegiance. (C) The two major political parties have become increasingly ideological. (D) A third party begins to attract a majority of voters. (E) Neither of the major parties is able to win a majority in the electoral college.

(A) Historically, fewer than 10 percent of vetoes have been overridden by Congress. (B) Pocket vetoes can be overridden by Congress. (C) A veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress. (D) A veto cannot be overridden by the Supreme Court. (E) On occasion, the mere threat of a veto is sufficient to prevent a vote on a bill.

40. The Supreme Court is subject to all of the following types of political pressure which may affect its decisions EXCEPT (A) (B) (C) (D)

public resistance to controversial rulings executive reluctance to enforce rulings Senate influence on judicial appointments ability of Congress to overturn a decision by a 60% vote (E) presidential “litmus tests” on controversial issues for judicial appointments



Questions 42-43 refer to the table below.

REGISTRATION BY RACE SINCE 1970 IN SOUTHERN STATES COVERED BY THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT (%) 1970 Registration

1980 Registration

1988 Registration

Black Voters

White Voters

Gap

Black Voters

White Voters

Gap

Black Voters

White Voters

Gap

Alabama Georgia Louisiana

69.7 58.3 59.7

82.5 70.0 75.0

12.8 11.7 15.3

62.2 59.8 69.0

73.3 67.0 74.5

11.1 7.2 5.5

68.4 56.8 77.1

75.0 63.9 75.1

Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina

75.5 53.6 58.6

78.9 66.3 60.2

3.4 12.7 1.6

72.2 49.9 61.6

85.2 63.7 57.2

13.0 13.8

80.5 65.6 61.8

Virginia

58.7

63.3

4.6

49.7

65.4

4.4 15.7

74.2 58.2 56.7

2.0 6.3 7.4 5.1

63.8

68.5

4.7

Mean

62.0

70.8

8.8

60.6

69.4

8.8

65.0

70.0

5.0

6.6 7.1

Source: Bernard Groffman, Lisa Handley and Richard G. Niemi, Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992): page 24. (corrected by R. Darcy)

42. Based on the table above, which of the following statements about the gap between Black and White voter registration are true?

43. Based on the table above, between 1970 and 1988, the mean registration rate for Black and White voters changed in which of the following ways?

I. II. III. IV.

It decreased between 1970 and 1988. It decreased between 1970 and 1980. It increased between 1980 and 1988. It remained unchanged between 1970 and 1988. V. It remained unchanged between 1970 and 1980.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Black Voters

White Voters

Decreased slightly Decreased slightly Increased slightly Increased slightly Remained unchanged

Decreased slightly Increased slightly Decreased slightly Increased slightly Increased slightly

I and V only II and III only IV and V only I, II, and IV only I, III, and V only



44. In 1993, when President Clinton reversed President Bush’s “gag rule,” which banned federally funded family planning clinics from discussing abortion with patients, Clinton was exercising his right to (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

47. In contemporary elections, political consultants are primarily (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

issue an executive order line-item veto a non-appropriations bill annul the Republican Party platform establish an unfunded mandate issue an executive agreement

public relations and media professionals party leaders and officeholders individuals from various interest groups academics from the social sciences ordinary American voters who volunteer for campaign work

48. In scientific public-opinion polling, which of the following is true of random sampling?

45. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the right to privacy?

(A) Each individual has a 50% chance of being selected. (B) Each individual has an equal chance of being selected. (C) The selection of respondents is unsystematic. (D) The selection of respondents is based on preliminary quota sampling. (E) The selection of respondents is based on initial stratification by sex and age.

(A) It is expressly guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. (B) It has been accepted as a constitutional right only by conservative Supreme Court justices. (C) The Supreme Court acknowledged it as a Constitutional right in the case of Griswold v. Connecticut . (D) It has been limited to cases involving abortion. (E) The Supreme Court has ruled that it only applies to federal legislation. 46. In the post-Civil War United States, the “grandfather clause” was (A) a law giving only men over 60 the right to vote (B) an amendment giving women the right to vote only if their grandfathers had lived in the United States (C) a law exempting men whose grandfathers were eligible to vote before 1867 from some voting restrictions (D) a law denying the right to vote to all former slaveholders (E) a law giving Black men the right to vote only if their grandfathers had been slaves



49. Which of the following statements is supported by information in the graph above? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Between 1953 and 1992, Presidents rarely got more than half of the bills they supported passed in Congress. Carter had the weakest record of success on congressional votes. Reagan enjoyed a high success rate in Congress throughout his two terms in office. Kennedy was more successful with Congress later in his term than he was during the earlier part of his term. There is a strong correlation between the size of the popular vote for a President and that President’s success on congressional votes.



52. The First Amendment prevents the federal government from doing all of the following EXCEPT

NUMBER OF WOMEN IN CONGRESS House Senate Demo- Repub- Demo- Repubcrats licans crats licans 100th 12 11 1 1 101st 16 13 1 1 102nd 19 9 3 1 103rd 35 12 5 2 104th 31 17 5 4 105th 35 16 6 3

(A) (B) (C) (D)

establishing a state religion abridging the free exercise of religion passing bills of attainder or ex post facto laws abridging the right of freedom of speech or of the press (E) abridging the right of the people to assemble peaceably

50. Which of the following is supported by information in the table above?

53. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a plurality system of elections?

(A) The number of women in the Senate has increased with each election. (B) Because the number of Republican women in the House more than doubled between the 100th and 105th Congresses, women gained leadership positions in the House. (C) The number of women elected to Congress more than doubled between the 100th and 105th Congresses. (D) Women in Congress have higher incumbency rates than do men in Congress. (E) The Republican Party experienced greater gains in the number of women in Congress between the 100th and 105th Congresses than did the Democratic Party.

(A) The risk of electoral corruption is low. (B) A candidate does not have to get the majority of all votes cast to win an election. (C) A candidate must win at least 50 percent of the vote to win an election. (D) Politics is more ideological than it would be if proportional representation were used. (E) Since even candidates from the smallest parties have a chance of winning seats, minor parties have an incentive to organize. 54. The discharge petition is a device that allows members of the House of Representatives to (A) suspend debate on a piece of legislation (B) force floor consideration of a piece of legislation (C) end floor debate on a piece legislation (D) remove federal justices originally appointed for life (E) remove committee chairs without their consent

51. The “exclusionary rule” refers to which of the following? (A) The right of defense attorneys to exclude or omit from their arguments any evidence that might damage their client’s case (B) The right of HIV-positive citizens to exclude their health status from job applications (C) The rule that prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal prosecutions (D) The rule that excludes illegal activity from prosecution if the activity was legal at the time it was committed (E) The precedent that forbids private men’s clubs from excluding women

55. Which of the following committees plays a major role in the House in shaping tax policy? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)


Finance Ways and Means Commerce Appropriations Governmental Affairs


56. Which of the following powers are shared by the House of Representatives and the Senate? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

59. Over the past three decades, changes in the process of choosing presidential nominees have increased the role and influence of all of the following EXCEPT

Holding trials of impeachment Establishing federal courts Approving treaties Holding confirmation hearings Approving major presidential appointments

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

57. Which of the following would be a case of original jurisdiction before the United States Supreme Court?

public opinion pollsters party leaders journalists campaign consultants primary election voters

60. Which of the following is true when the House and the Senate pass legislation that is similar, but not identical?

(A) A lawsuit between the United States and one of the states (B) The kidnap and murder of a federal official (C) Any case appealed from a United States district court (D) Any case appealed from a United States court of appeals (E) A case that presents a question of interpreting a federal constitutional law

(A) The bills go to a conference committee. (B) The bills die because different versions exist. (C) Both versions of the bill go to the President for a signature or veto. (D) Each bill goes back to its originating committee for further discussion and new votes. (E) Both bills go directly to the House and Senate floors where they will be reconsidered and/or changed by each chamber’s collective membership.

58. All of the following statements comparing the Senate and the House of Representatives are correct EXCEPT: (A) Committee consideration of pending legislation is more easily bypassed in the Senate than in the House. (B) There are fewer limits on debate in the Senate than in the House. (C) Amendments to bills may be introduced more easily in the Senate than in the House. (D) Senators are more likely to be policy specialists than are representatives. (E) Majority party leaders have less power in the Senate than in the House.

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T57

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FORM

UNITED STATES

4BBP

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

57

Date

SECTION II Time—100 minutes Percent of total grade—50 General Instructions

All students must answer all four free-response questions. You should spend approximately 25 m inutes answering each of the four questions. All four questions will be weighed equally in determining your score on this section of the exam. Section II of this exam requires answers in essay form. The questions for Section II are printed in the green insert. Use the green insert to organize your answers and for scratchwork, but write your answer in the pink booklet. Number each answer as the question is numbered in the exam. Do not skip lines. Begin each answer on a new page in the pink booklet. You should write your answers with a black or dark blue pen. Be sure to write CLEARLY and LEGIBLY. Cross out any errors you make. No credit will be given for work shown in the green insert.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. 726174

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS SECTION II Time—100 minutes

Directions:

You have 100 minutes to answer all four of the following questions. Unless the directions indicate otherwise, respond to all parts of all four questions. It is suggested that you take a few minutes to plan and outline each answer. Spend approximately one-fourth of your time (25 minutes) on each question. In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate. Make certain to number each of your answers as the question is numbered below.

1. The judicial branch is designed to be more independent of public opinion than are the legislature or the executive. Yet, the United States Supreme Court rarely deviates too far for too long from prevalent public opinion. (a) Describe two ways in which the United States Supreme Court is insulated from public opinion. (b) Explain how two factors work to keep the United States Supreme Court from deviating too far from public opinion.

2. The power of the federal government relative to the power of the states has increased since the ratification of the Constitution. (a) Describe two of the following provisions of the Constitution and explain how each has been used over time to expand federal power. The power to tax and spend The “necessary and proper” or “elastic” clause The commerce clause (b) Explain how one of the following has increased the power of the federal government relative to the power of state governments. Americans with Disabilities Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 Clean Air Act


3. Initially, the United States Constitution did little to protect citizens from actions of the states. In the twentieth century, the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution to protect the rights of c itizens from state governments in a process referred to as incorporation. (a) Define selective incorporation. (b) For two of the following, explain how each has been incorporated. Each of your explanations must be based on a specific and relevant Supreme Court decision. Rights of criminal defendants First Amendment Privacy rights

4. The United States Congress has debated a variety of campaign finance reforms over the last decade. The proposals debated have included the following: Eliminating soft money Limiting independent expenditures Raising limits on individual contributions (a) Select one of the listed proposals and do all of the following: Define the proposal. Describe an argument that proponents make in favor of the proposal. Describe an argument that opponents make against the proposal. (b) Select a different listed proposal and do all of the following: Define the proposal. Describe an argument that proponents make in favor of the proposal. Describe an argument that opponents make against the proposal.


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-4-

Answer Key for AP United States Government and Politics Released Exam, Section I Question 1: C

Question 31: B

Question 2: A

Question 32: D

Question 3: B

Question 33: E

Question 4: A

Question 34: E

Question 5: B

Question 35: A

Question 6: B

Question 36: A

Question 7: E

Question 37: E

Question 8: D

Question 38: E

Question 9: D

Question 39: A

Question 10: C

Question 40: D

Question 11: A

Question 41: B

Question 12: C

Question 42: A

Question 13: B

Question 43: C

Question 14: A

Question 44: A

Question 15: B

Question 45: C

Question 16: D

Question 46: C

Question 17: A

Question 47: A

Question 18: C

Question 48: B

Question 19: B

Question 49: D

Question 20: E

Question 50: C

Question 21: E

Question 51: C

Question 22: A

Question 52: C

Question 23: C

Question 53: B

Question 24: D

Question 54: B

Question 25: E

Question 55: B

Question 26: C

Question 56: B

Question 27: D

Question 57: A

Question 28: C

Question 58: D

Question 29: D

Question 59: B

Question 30: C

Question 60: A

®

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 2005 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1 6 points Part (a): 2 points One point is earned for each of the two descriptions. The response must correctly describe two features of the Supreme Court that insulate it from public opinion. The description must identify each feature and add an additional clause or sentence that is factually correct and relevant to the identification. This may be an example or illustration. The response must also link each feature to public opinion. Congress may be used as a surrogate for public opinion, but the President cannot be used unless explicitly linked to public opinion. Acceptable descriptions may include: “Appointed” or “not elected.” • Serve life terms. • Court’s ability to control its own docket/set its own agenda. • Salaries cannot be reduced. • Limited access to Court proceedings. • Descriptions that are not acceptable include: The Court’s role as interpreter of laws/Constitution. • The fact that the Court accepts only legitimate controversies. •

Part (b): 4 points Two points are earned for each of the two explanations. The response must explain how or why each identified factor keeps the Supreme Court from deviating too far from public opinion. Acceptable explanations may include: The appointment and/or confirmation process (no point is given if the response says that the House • confirms, but if the response says Congress confirms, this is acceptable). If the appointment and confirmation processes are fully discussed as two SEPARATE processes, the response may earn points for both. Reliance on other public officials to execute decisions. • The fact that the Supreme Court can be overruled with new laws or constitutional amendments. • (“New laws” do not include Congress’s general power to write legislation.) The concern for reputation—individual reputation and/or that of the Supreme Court. Concern for • credibility/legitimacy of the institution falls into this category. The potential for the impeachment of justices. • Congressional control of the Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction and/or changing the number of • justices on the Court.

A score of zero (0) is earned for an attempted answer that earns no points.

A score of dash (—) is earned for a blank or off-task answer. Copyright © 2005 by College Bo ard. All rights reserved. Visit apcentral.collegeboard.com (for AP professionals) and www.collegeboard.com/apstudents (for students and parents).

®


Question 2 6 points Part (a): 4 points One point is earned for each of the two descriptions, and 1 point is earned for each of the two explanations. The explanation must go beyond merely saying that the clause/power has been used more or interpreted more broadly, and it must explicitly indicate that change over time has occurred. Acceptable descriptions may include: Tax and spend power • The response must indicate who exercises this power. (Congress/national government) The response must describe both the power to tax and the power to spend. The “necessary and proper” or “elastic” clause • The response must indicate who exercises this power. (Congress/national government) The response must include the power to pass laws. The commerce clause • The response must indicate who exercises this power. (Congress/national government) The response must refer to the regulation of interstate commerce, foreign commerce/trade, or commerce with Native American tribes.  

 

 

Part (b): 2 points One point is earned for identifying a provision of one of the laws, and 1 point is earned for explaining how the provision increased federal power over the states. If the response does not correctly identify a provision of one of the laws, it cannot get the second point. If the response only discusses the provision’s effect on individuals or businesses, it will not earn an explanation point.


A score of dash (—) is earned for a blank or off-task answer.

Copyright © 2005 by College Bo ard. All rights reserved. Visit apcentral.collegeboard.com (for AP professionals) and www.collegeboard.com/apstudents (for students and parents).

®


Question 3 6 points Part (a): 2 points One point is earned for defining selective, and 1 point is earned for defining incorporation. •

•

•

The response must define what is meant by selective—the fact that the process has been piecemeal and not a sudden change. The response must define incorporation—the fact that some liberties listed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the states using the Fourteenth Amendment/due process clause. The response can earn one point for defining selectiveness without having earned the definition point for defining incorporation in terms of the Fourteenth Amendment/due process clause.

Part (b): 4 points One point is earned for describing each of two appropriate cases, and 1 point is earned for explaining how each of the specific provisions of the Bill of Rights was incorporated. • •

•

•

•

•

The response must describe the facts and the right that is incorporated in two relevant cases. The response must also explain how the Supreme Court used the Fourteenth Amendment to incorporate the specific provision of the Bill of Rights in each of the two cases described. A response may earn points without being able to name an appropriate case, as long as the description and explanation demonstrate that the student knows the relevant aspects of the case even though the name is not included. Abbreviated case names and informal names are also acceptable (e.g., “Scottsboro Boys” case instead of Powell v. Alabama; Mapp instead of Mapp v. Ohio). The student does not need to discuss the case that originally incorporated the right, only a case that demonstrates that the right has been incorporated. The Fourteenth Amendment does not need to be explicitly mentioned in the explanation of the case(s) if the definition of incorporation demonstrates a complete understanding of the role of the Fourteenth Amendment in selective incorporation.




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Question 4 6 points Part (a): 3 points One point is earned for the definition of the proposal, 1 point is earned for the description of the argument in favor of the proposal, and 1 point is earned for the description of the argument against the proposal. The response may get description points without the definition point, but the descriptions must reference the particular proposal.

Part (b): 3 points One point is earned for the definition of the proposal, 1 point is earned for the description of the argument in favor of the proposal, and 1 point is earned for the description of the argument against the proposal. The response may get description points without the definition point, but the descriptions must reference the particular proposal.

Eliminating soft money Definition: Prohibiting or regulating campaign contributions to political parties and/or contributions for party building activities Acceptable arguments in favor include: Soft money is often used to circumvent limits on hard money. • Levels the playing field. • Lessens concern about undue influence of “fat cats”/buying of influence. • Provides more disclosure and transparency. • Decreases overall costs of campaigns. • Acceptable arguments against include: First Amendment. • Contrary to ruling in Buckley v. Valeo. • Party money is one step removed between contributor and decision-maker. • Weakens political parties. • Might lessen grassroots participation. •

Limiting independent expenditures Definition: Limiting money spent by individuals and groups not directly affiliated with the candidate or the party Acceptable arguments in favor include: Can be used to circumvent limits on hard money. • Levels the playing field. •


®


Question 4 (continued) • • •

Possibly reduces negative issue ads. Candidates want to control their own campaigns. Lessens concern about undue influence of “fat cats”/buying of influence.

Acceptable arguments against include: First Amendment. • Contrary to ruling in Buckley v. Valeo. • Might lessen grassroots participation. •

Raising limits on individual contributions Definition: Increasing the dollar amount individuals may give to a campaign, parties, or PACs Acceptable arguments in favor include: Limits are not indexed to inflation. • Candidates can spend less time fundraising. • Decreases influence of PACs. • Decreases restrictions on First Amendment rights. • Decreases reliance on less-regulated forms of campaign funds. • Acceptable arguments against include: Allows the rich to have/buy more influence. • Too much money in the process already. • Drives up the cost of campaigns. •




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AP Us Gov Politics Revised Released Exam 2005

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