3
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
>?
^rkffii ^hrusclccg Mkdpcgy ^rkffiih
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa.
Vjrh cge Mcoih dcgu`cmturh
>?
Pjsj
Pjsjkg
Dhgbcejacg ACOHIJGEK shocfcj djtrc strcthfjs ej ojecgf ahthgcfcijstrjacg ahthgcfcijs trjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj ej Jgekghsjc.
Uk dcah ACOHIJGEK c strcthfjm ousjghss pcrtghr jg pkwhr cge thihmkddugjmctjkg jg Jgekghsjc.
Djsj
Djssjkg
3. Dhdprkeuasj acohi acohi ycgf ohraucijtcs, ohraucijtcs, ugtua dhgugbcgf phgfhdocgfcg ahthgcfcijstrjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj, cfcr dhgmcpcj ahpucscg phicgffcg ycgf kptjdci.
3. Uk prkeumh ljfl qucijty mcoihs jg hglcgmjgf pkwhr cge thihmkddugjmctjkg thihmkddugjmct jkg ehvhikpdhgt tk cmljhvh dcxjdud mustkdhrsctjs`cmtjkg.
?. ]udohr ecyc dcgusjc dcgusjc ycgf dhdjijaj dhdjijaj jgthfrjtcs ecg akdphthgsj, dhgbcej augmj utcdc ugtua ohrkphrcsj shmcrc hffisjhg ecg prkeuatj`.
?. Uk ehvhikp ludcg rhskurmhs wlk lcvh jgthfrjty cge mkdphthgmjhs cs tlh ahy summhss `cmtkr tk kphrcth hmjhgtiy cge prkeumtjvhiy.
=. Dhgflcsjiacg icoc ohrsjl ohrsjl ecg dhgbcfc cfcr cfcr crus acs pksjtj`.
=. Uk cmljhvh ght prkffit cge dcjgtcjg dcjgtcjg pksjtjvh mcsl kw.
^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. js c Mkdpcgy tlct prkeumhs hihmtrjmci wjrhs, thihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs, cge mcoih rhicthe cmmhsskrjhs. Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s ljstkry wcs dcrahe oy tlh `kugejgf k` ^U Acohi Jgekghsjc (Acohijgek) jg 3:6?, c `krhjfg jgvhsthe Mkdpcgy ct tlh tjdh cge kgh k` tlh `jrst mcoih dcgu`cmturhs jg Jgekghsjc.
Gjicj-gjicj Ecscr
Pciuhs
XDXD
FHGH_CI
^cec tclug 3:6:, ahphdjijacg phrusclccg ohruocl stctus dhgbcej ^hrusclccg ^DEG shrtc ohruocl gcdcgyc dhgbcej ^U Acohijgek Durgj. Catc ^hgejrjcg ^hrshrkcg ejthrojtacg kihl Gktcrjs @rhehrja Cihxcgehr Uudoucg ehgfcg Catc Gk. 63 tcgffci 33 Katkohr 3:6:. ^hrshrkcg dhgbcej phrusclccg puoija ecg thrmctct pcec Oursc H`ha Jgekghsjc (OHJ) shbca tclug 3::?. ^hruoclcg Catc Uhrcaljr ^hrshrkcg ejthrojtacg kihl Gktcrjs Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ]L Gk. 36 tcgffci ?5 Dhj ?>33.
Jg 3:6:, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s kwghrsljp wcs trcgs`hrrhe tk Jgekghsjcgs cge tlh gcdh k` tlh Mkdpcgy wcs mlcgfhe tk ^U Acohijgek Durgj. Ulh Ehhe k` Hstcoijsldhgt wcs jssuhe oy Gktcry @rhehrja Cihxcgehr Uudoucg ugehr g k. 63 ecthe 33 Kmtkohr 3:6:. Uljs Mkdpcgy ohmcdh c ^uoijm Mkdpcgy ijsthe jg Jgekghsjc ]tkma Hxmlcgfh sjgmh 3::?. Ulh icst cdhgedhgt k` tlh Mkdpcgy ehhe wcs jssuhe oy Gktcry Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ]L ugehr Gk. 36 ecthe Dcy ?5, ?>33.
]cct jgj Acohijgek cecicl dhrha acohi ycgf ejcauj ahugffuicggyc ecg bufc dhrupcacg prkeushg acohi thrahduac ej Jgekghsjc acrhgc dutu ecg phicycgcg ycgf prjdc.
Ct p rhshgt, Acohijgek js kgh k` tlh dkst rhsphmthe mcoih orcges cge kgh k` tlh ihcejgf mcoih dcgu`cmturhrs jg Jgekghsjc, wjtl rhputcoih qucijty cge shrvjmh.
• • • •
Ahthrouaccg Ahohrscdccg Jgthfrjtcs Ohrgjicj Ucdocl Ucdocl
• Urcgspcrhgmy • Ukfhtlhrghss • Jgthfrjty • Ceehe vciuh
>=
^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ohrfhrca ecicd ojecgf jgeustrj phdouctcg acohi, thrutcdc acohi ijstrja ecg acohi thihakdugjacsj. ]hbcrcl ^hrshrkcg ejcwcij ehgfcg ohrejrjgyc ^U Acohi Jgekghsjc (Acohijgek) pcec tclug 3:6?, shoucl phrusclccg ^DC ycgf bufc dhrupcacg scicl sctu prkeushg acohi phrtcdc ej Jgekghsjc.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
IKAC]J
IKMCUJKG
Uhrihtca ej Bcicg _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ?, Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf, Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=:=>. Acgtkr ecg pcorja acdj dhghdpctj crhci shiucs <,= lhatcr ycgf ejihgfacpj ehgfcg `csjijtcs phdocgfajt ijstrja dcgejrj, icokrctkrjud ahgecij dutu, ohgfahi ahrbc, acgtkr, acgtjg, rucgf ocge, tcdcg, dcsbje shrtc `csjijtcs-`csjijtcs kicl rcfc shphrtj icpcgfcg `utsci, icpcgfcg vkij, ecg dhbc pjgfpkgf.
Ikmcthe ct Bcicg _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ?, ^uikfceugf Jgeustrjci Hstcth, Hcst Bcacrtc 3=:=>. Ulh k``jmh cge `cmtkrjhs crh sprhce kut kvhr <.= lhmtcrhs mkgsjstjgf k` cg hihmtrjm pkwhr picgt, qucijty mkgtrki icokrctkry, wkraslkp, k``jmh, mcgthhg, ocge rkkd, pcra, dksquh cge spkrt `cmjijtjhs suml cs `utsci `jhie, vkiihy ocii mkurt, cge tcoih thggjs crhgc.
^_KEXA
^_KEXMU]
^hrshrkcg thicl dhdprkeuasj ohrocfcj bhgjs acohi ycgf shmcrc udud ejahikdpkaacg dhgbcej acohi ijstrja ecg acohi thihakdugjacsj.
Ulh Mkdpcgy prkeumhs vcrjkus typhs k` mcoihs, fhghrciiy micssj`jhe cs hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs.
Bcdjgcg aucijtcs ctcs prkeua ycgf ejlcsjiacg cecicl lci utcdc ycgf shiciu ejthacgacg kihl ^hrshrkcg. Xgtua jtu, phrcictcg icokrctkrjud ugtua dhdcstjacg dutu prkeua ycgf ocja ehgfcg thgcfc ahrbc ycgf cgeci shiciu dhgbcej phrlctjcg^hrshrkcg.
Ulh qucijty cssurcgmh k` tlh prkeumts js tlh dcjg jssuh tlct tlh Mkdpcgy hdplcsjzhe. Ulhrh`krh, icokrctkry hqujpdhgts `kr hgsurh tk prkeumh tlh ljfl qucijty prkeumts w jtl ljfl sajiihe lu dcg rhskurmhs wjii ciwcy s oh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dcjg ctthgtjkg.
>5 h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
^ r k ffi i ^ h r u s c l c c g M k d p c g y ^ r k ffi i h
Acohi ijstrja ycgf ejprkeuasj ^hrshrkcg thicl dhdhgulj ]tcgecr Gcsjkgci Jgekghsjc (]GJ) ecg ]tcgecr ^hrusclccg Ijstrja Ghfcrc (]^IG), dutu prkeua ^hrshrkcg shiciu ejcwcsj shmcrc ohracic kihl icokrctkrjud ^U ^IG (^hrshrk) Ijtocgf (ecluiu IDA-^IG).
Ulh hihmtrjmci mcoihs wljml crh prkeumhe oy tlh Mkdpcgy lcs pcsshe wjtl tlh Jgekghsjcg Gctjkgci ]tcgecre (]GJ) cge tlh Gctjkgci ^kwhr Mkdpcgy ]tcgecre (]^IG), qucijty k` Mkdpcgy‚s prkeumts js phrjkejmciiy koshrvhe oy tlh rhshcrml cge ehvhikpdhgt ugjt k` tlh ^U ^IG (^hrshrk) Ijtocgf (prhvjkusiy gcdhe IDA-^IG).
]tcgecr Jgthrgcsjkgci ycgf suecl ejphgulj, cgtcrc icjg 2 Jgthrgctjkgci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Mkddjsjkg (JHM), Custrcijcg ]tcgecre (C]), Orjtjsl ]tcgecre (O]), Bcpcghsh Jgeustrjci ]tcgecre (BJ]) ecg Jgsuicthe Mcoih Hgfjghhrs Csskmjctjkg / Gctjkgci Hihmtrjmci Dcgu`cmturhrs Csskmjctjkg (JMHC/ GHDC) ecg _jstj Uhiakd.
Ulh Mkdpcgy mkdpihths shvhrci Jgthrgctjkgci stcgecres suml cs2 tlh Jgthrgctjkgci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Mkddjsjkg (JHM), tlh Custrcijcg ]tcgecre (C]), tlh Orjtjsl ]tcgecre (O]), tlh Bcpcghsh Jgeustrjci ]tcgecre (BJ]) cge tlh Jgsuicthe Mcoih Hgfjghhrs Csskmjctjkg/Gctjkgci Hihmtrjmci Dcgu`cmturhrs Csskmjctjkg (JMHC/GHDC) cge _jstj Uhiakd.
Xgtua dhgugbcgf akdjtdhg ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp dutu, dcac ^hrshrkcg bufc bufc thicl dhdphrkihl dhdphrkihl shrtjffiacsj J]K :>>32?>>< shbca tclug 3:::. ]cct jgj ^hrshrkcg shecgf ecicd prkshs jdpihdhgtcsj sjsthd dcgcbhdhg thrpceu ugtua phrkihlcg shrtjffiacsj J]K 35>>3 ecg KL]C] 3<>>3.
Uk suppkrt tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkddjtdhgt tk qucijty, tlh Mkdpcgy lcs tlh J]K :>>32?>>< mhrtj`jmcth sjgmh 3:::. Ct prhshgt, tlh Mkdpcg y js j g tlh prkmhss k` jdpihdhgtctjkg `kr cg jgthfrcthe dcgcfhdhgt systhd tk kotcjg J]K 35>>3 cge KL]C] 3<>>3 mhrtj`jmctjkgs.
]XDOH_ ECZC DCGX]JC (]ED)
LXDCG _H]KX_MH] (L_)
^hgfhdocgfcg akdphthgsj ecg prkeuatjvjtcs ]ED dhrupcacg scicl sctu hihdhg ycgf scgfct phgtjgf ecicd prkshs dhdphrocjaj phrjicau ecg dktjvcsj ahrbc cfcr shiciu ohrfhrca ahcrcl ycgf ihojl ocja (ihojl ejsjpijg, ihojl thaug, ihojl fjfjl, ecg ihojl mhdhricgf). ]hocfcj phrusclccg ycgf thrus tudoul ecg ohrahdocgf ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ohrupcyc dhdocgfug phictjlcg ycgf sjsthdctjs, ohrahicgbutcg, ecg shiciu ejacjtacg ehgfcg prkshs phgfhdocgfcg acrjr acrycwcg ocja phictjlcg ycgf ejicascgcacg kihl jgthrgci dcupug hasthrgci ^hrshrkcg.
Ulh ehvhikpdhgt k` ludcg rhskurmhs mkdphthgmhs cge prkeumtjvjty js kgh k` tlh dkst jdpkrtcgt hihdhgt jg jdprkvjgf ohlcvjkrs cge dktjvctjkgs (jg thrds k` ejijfhgmh, ehthrdjgctjkg, phrsjsthgmh, cge orjiijcgmh). ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. js ehvhikpjgf c systhdctjm, cge mkgtjgukus mcrhhr ehvhikpdhgt `kr hdpikyhhs tlrkufl jgthrgci cs whii cs hxthrgci trcjgjgf.
Ohohrcpc phictjlcg ycgf thrus ejthrcpacg shicdc tclug ?>33 ejcgtcrcgyc cecicl 2
]kdh trcjgjgfs wljml crh mkgeumthe oy tlh yhcr k` ?>33 crh 2
3. ^hictjlcg Ahshicdctcg ecg Ahshlctcg Ahrbc (A=) ycgf ohrfugc ugtua dhgjgfactacg ahpheuijcg ecg phgfhtclucg thgcfc ahrbc dhgfhgcj A= shljgffc ecpct dhgjgfactacg prkeuatjvjtcs phrusclccg.
3. Kmmupctjkgci ]c`hty cge Lhcitl (K]L) cjdhe ct jdprkvjgf hdpikyhhs‚ ugehrstcgejgf cokut K]L sk cs tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s prkeumtjvjty.
?. ^rkfrcd 8_ (_jgfacs, _cpjl, _hsja, _hsja, _cwct, _cbjg) ycgf dhgbcej augmj phgmhfclc phgmhfclcg g thrbcejgyc ahmhicaccg bufc ejthrcpacg ehgfcg dhgekrkgf cecgyc ahthrtjocg ecg ejsjpijg ahrbc ugtua dhgmcpcj ahceccg icpcgfcg ahrbc (ijgfaugfcg) thtcp shlct, thrtctc ehgfcg ocja, thrctur ecg ohrsjl.
?. 8_ ^rkfrcd (Mkgmjsh, Ujey, Mihcg, Dcjgtcjghe, Ejijfhgt), wljml js tlh ahy tk prhvhgt cmmjehgmh, js cisk cppijhe sk cs tk mrhcth c lhcitly, prkphriy dcgcfhe, cge mihcg wkra hgvjrkgdhgt.
Ecicd lci dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs scrcgc phictjlcg ugtua acrycwcg, ^hrshrkcg thicl dhdphroclcruj shrtc dhgcdocl `csjijtcs rucgf phictjlcg acrycwcg. ]hicjg jtu, fugc dhgjgfactacg akdugjacsj jgthrgci cgtcr Ehpcrthdhg, ^hrshrkcg bufc shgcgtjcsc dhdphroclcruj sjsthd jg`krdcsj ej ecicd ^hrusclccg.
Jg krehr tk jdprkvh tlh qucijty k` trcjgjgf `cmjijtjhs `kr hdpikyhhs, tlh Mkdpcgy lcs ohhg rhghwjgf cge ceejgf tlh hdpikyhh trcjgjgf rkkds. Dkrhkvhr, jg krehr tk jdprkvh jgthrgci mkddugjmctjkg cdkgf Ehpcrtdhgts, Mkdpcgy cisk ahhps rhghwjgf tlh jg`krdctjkg systhd jgsjeh tlh Mkdpcgy.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
>8 ^ r k ffi i ^ h r u s c l c c g M k d p c g y ^ r k ffi i h
IKAC]J
IKMCUJKG
Uhrihtca ej Bcicg _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ?, Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf, Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=:=>. Acgtkr ecg pcorja acdj dhghdpctj crhci shiucs <,= lhatcr ycgf ejihgfacpj ehgfcg `csjijtcs phdocgfajt ijstrja dcgejrj, icokrctkrjud ahgecij dutu, ohgfahi ahrbc, acgtkr, acgtjg, rucgf ocge, tcdcg, dcsbje shrtc `csjijtcs-`csjijtcs kicl rcfc shphrtj icpcgfcg `utsci, icpcgfcg vkij, ecg dhbc pjgfpkgf.
Ikmcthe ct Bcicg _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ?, ^uikfceugf Jgeustrjci Hstcth, Hcst Bcacrtc 3=:=>. Ulh k``jmh cge `cmtkrjhs crh sprhce kut kvhr <.= lhmtcrhs mkgsjstjgf k` cg hihmtrjm pkwhr picgt, qucijty mkgtrki icokrctkry, wkraslkp, k``jmh, mcgthhg, ocge rkkd, pcra, dksquh cge spkrt `cmjijtjhs suml cs `utsci `jhie, vkiihy ocii mkurt, cge tcoih thggjs crhgc.
^_KEXA
^_KEXMU]
^hrshrkcg thicl dhdprkeuasj ohrocfcj bhgjs acohi ycgf shmcrc udud ejahikdpkaacg dhgbcej acohi ijstrja ecg acohi thihakdugjacsj.
Ulh Mkdpcgy prkeumhs vcrjkus typhs k` mcoihs, fhghrciiy micssj`jhe cs hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs.
Bcdjgcg aucijtcs ctcs prkeua ycgf ejlcsjiacg cecicl lci utcdc ycgf shiciu ejthacgacg kihl ^hrshrkcg. Xgtua jtu, phrcictcg icokrctkrjud ugtua dhdcstjacg dutu prkeua ycgf ocja ehgfcg thgcfc ahrbc ycgf cgeci shiciu dhgbcej phrlctjcg^hrshrkcg.
Ulh qucijty cssurcgmh k` tlh prkeumts js tlh dcjg jssuh tlct tlh Mkdpcgy hdplcsjzhe. Ulhrh`krh, icokrctkry hqujpdhgts `kr hgsurh tk prkeumh tlh ljfl qucijty prkeumts w jtl ljfl sajiihe lu dcg rhskurmhs wjii ciwcy s oh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dcjg ctthgtjkg.
>5 h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
Acohi ijstrja ycgf ejprkeuasj ^hrshrkcg thicl dhdhgulj ]tcgecr Gcsjkgci Jgekghsjc (]GJ) ecg ]tcgecr ^hrusclccg Ijstrja Ghfcrc (]^IG), dutu prkeua ^hrshrkcg shiciu ejcwcsj shmcrc ohracic kihl icokrctkrjud ^U ^IG (^hrshrk) Ijtocgf (ecluiu IDA-^IG).
Ulh hihmtrjmci mcoihs wljml crh prkeumhe oy tlh Mkdpcgy lcs pcsshe wjtl tlh Jgekghsjcg Gctjkgci ]tcgecre (]GJ) cge tlh Gctjkgci ^kwhr Mkdpcgy ]tcgecre (]^IG), qucijty k` Mkdpcgy‚s prkeumts js phrjkejmciiy koshrvhe oy tlh rhshcrml cge ehvhikpdhgt ugjt k` tlh ^U ^IG (^hrshrk) Ijtocgf (prhvjkusiy gcdhe IDA-^IG).
]tcgecr Jgthrgcsjkgci ycgf suecl ejphgulj, cgtcrc icjg 2 Jgthrgctjkgci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Mkddjsjkg (JHM), Custrcijcg ]tcgecre (C]), Orjtjsl ]tcgecre (O]), Bcpcghsh Jgeustrjci ]tcgecre (BJ]) ecg Jgsuicthe Mcoih Hgfjghhrs Csskmjctjkg / Gctjkgci Hihmtrjmci Dcgu`cmturhrs Csskmjctjkg (JMHC/ GHDC) ecg _jstj Uhiakd.
Ulh Mkdpcgy mkdpihths shvhrci Jgthrgctjkgci stcgecres suml cs2 tlh Jgthrgctjkgci Hihmtrkthmlgjmci Mkddjsjkg (JHM), tlh Custrcijcg ]tcgecre (C]), tlh Orjtjsl ]tcgecre (O]), tlh Bcpcghsh Jgeustrjci ]tcgecre (BJ]) cge tlh Jgsuicthe Mcoih Hgfjghhrs Csskmjctjkg/Gctjkgci Hihmtrjmci Dcgu`cmturhrs Csskmjctjkg (JMHC/GHDC) cge _jstj Uhiakd.
Xgtua dhgugbcgf akdjtdhg ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp dutu, dcac ^hrshrkcg bufc bufc thicl dhdphrkihl dhdphrkihl shrtjffiacsj J]K :>>32?>>< shbca tclug 3:::. ]cct jgj ^hrshrkcg shecgf ecicd prkshs jdpihdhgtcsj sjsthd dcgcbhdhg thrpceu ugtua phrkihlcg shrtjffiacsj J]K 35>>3 ecg KL]C] 3<>>3.
Uk suppkrt tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkddjtdhgt tk qucijty, tlh Mkdpcgy lcs tlh J]K :>>32?>>< mhrtj`jmcth sjgmh 3:::. Ct prhshgt, tlh Mkdpcg y js j g tlh prkmhss k` jdpihdhgtctjkg `kr cg jgthfrcthe dcgcfhdhgt systhd tk kotcjg J]K 35>>3 cge KL]C] 3<>>3 mhrtj`jmctjkgs.
]XDOH_ ECZC DCGX]JC (]ED)
LXDCG _H]KX_MH] (L_)
^hgfhdocgfcg akdphthgsj ecg prkeuatjvjtcs ]ED dhrupcacg scicl sctu hihdhg ycgf scgfct phgtjgf ecicd prkshs dhdphrocjaj phrjicau ecg dktjvcsj ahrbc cfcr shiciu ohrfhrca ahcrcl ycgf ihojl ocja (ihojl ejsjpijg, ihojl thaug, ihojl fjfjl, ecg ihojl mhdhricgf). ]hocfcj phrusclccg ycgf thrus tudoul ecg ohrahdocgf ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ohrupcyc dhdocgfug phictjlcg ycgf sjsthdctjs, ohrahicgbutcg, ecg shiciu ejacjtacg ehgfcg prkshs phgfhdocgfcg acrjr acrycwcg ocja phictjlcg ycgf ejicascgcacg kihl jgthrgci dcupug hasthrgci ^hrshrkcg.
Ulh ehvhikpdhgt k` ludcg rhskurmhs mkdphthgmhs cge prkeumtjvjty js kgh k` tlh dkst jdpkrtcgt hihdhgt jg jdprkvjgf ohlcvjkrs cge dktjvctjkgs (jg thrds k` ejijfhgmh, ehthrdjgctjkg, phrsjsthgmh, cge orjiijcgmh). ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. js ehvhikpjgf c systhdctjm, cge mkgtjgukus mcrhhr ehvhikpdhgt `kr hdpikyhhs tlrkufl jgthrgci cs whii cs hxthrgci trcjgjgf.
Ohohrcpc phictjlcg ycgf thrus ejthrcpacg shicdc tclug ?>33 ejcgtcrcgyc cecicl 2
]kdh trcjgjgfs wljml crh mkgeumthe oy tlh yhcr k` ?>33 crh 2
3. ^hictjlcg Ahshicdctcg ecg Ahshlctcg Ahrbc (A=) ycgf ohrfugc ugtua dhgjgfactacg ahpheuijcg ecg phgfhtclucg thgcfc ahrbc dhgfhgcj A= shljgffc ecpct dhgjgfactacg prkeuatjvjtcs phrusclccg.
3. Kmmupctjkgci ]c`hty cge Lhcitl (K]L) cjdhe ct jdprkvjgf hdpikyhhs‚ ugehrstcgejgf cokut K]L sk cs tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s prkeumtjvjty.
?. ^rkfrcd 8_ (_jgfacs, _cpjl, _hsja, _hsja, _cwct, _cbjg) ycgf dhgbcej augmj phgmhfclc phgmhfclcg g thrbcejgyc ahmhicaccg bufc ejthrcpacg ehgfcg dhgekrkgf cecgyc ahthrtjocg ecg ejsjpijg ahrbc ugtua dhgmcpcj ahceccg icpcgfcg ahrbc (ijgfaugfcg) thtcp shlct, thrtctc ehgfcg ocja, thrctur ecg ohrsjl.
?. 8_ ^rkfrcd (Mkgmjsh, Ujey, Mihcg, Dcjgtcjghe, Ejijfhgt), wljml js tlh ahy tk prhvhgt cmmjehgmh, js cisk cppijhe sk cs tk mrhcth c lhcitly, prkphriy dcgcfhe, cge mihcg wkra hgvjrkgdhgt.
Ecicd lci dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs scrcgc phictjlcg ugtua acrycwcg, ^hrshrkcg thicl dhdphroclcruj shrtc dhgcdocl `csjijtcs rucgf phictjlcg acrycwcg. ]hicjg jtu, fugc dhgjgfactacg akdugjacsj jgthrgci cgtcr Ehpcrthdhg, ^hrshrkcg bufc shgcgtjcsc dhdphroclcruj sjsthd jg`krdcsj ej ecicd ^hrusclccg.
Jg krehr tk jdprkvh tlh qucijty k` trcjgjgf `cmjijtjhs `kr hdpikyhhs, tlh Mkdpcgy lcs ohhg rhghwjgf cge ceejgf tlh hdpikyhh trcjgjgf rkkds. Dkrhkvhr, jg krehr tk jdprkvh jgthrgci mkddugjmctjkg cdkgf Ehpcrtdhgts, Mkdpcgy cisk ahhps rhghwjgf tlh jg`krdctjkg systhd jgsjeh tlh Mkdpcgy.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
>8 ^ r k ffi i ^ h r u s c l c c g M k d p c g y ^ r k ffi i h
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
^hrshrkcg bufc dhdocgfug thrmjptcgyc luougfcg ycgf ocja cgtcrc dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg acrycwcg ycgf ejwcajij kihl ^XA @ ]^ IHD - ]^]J ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. dhiciuj phrthducg-phrthducg phrthducg-phrthducg ecg ejcikf ycgf rutjg.
Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs cisk hstcoijslhe c fkke rhictjkgsljp ohtwhhg dcgcfhdhgt k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge hdpikyhhs rhprhshgthe oy ^XA @ ]^ IHD - ]^]J ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. tlrkufl dhhtjgfs cge rhfuicr ejcikfuh.
Budicl acrycwcg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 dhgjgfact dhgbcej === acrycwcg ecrj ?88 acrycwcg pcec tclug ?>3>.
Ulh tktci k` tlh Mkdpcgy hdpikyhhs whrh jgmrhcshe `rkd ?88 jg ?>3> tk === jg ?>33.
^HDHFCGF ]CLCD
]LC_HLKIEH_]
]usugcg ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ^hrshrkcg shsucj ehgfcg Ec`tcr ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ^hrshrkcg phr tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ycgf ejahiucracg kihl Ojrk Cedjgjstrcsj H`ha ^hrshrkcg cecicl
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrhlkiehrs, jg cmmkrecgmh tk slcrhlkiehrs ijst, jssuhe oy tlh ]lcrh _hfjstrcr cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 crh cs `kiikws2
>6
>0 h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
^ r k ffi i ^ h r u s c l c c g M k d p c g y ^ r k ffi i h
IHDOCFC ^HGXGBCGF ^C]C_ DKECI
]UKMA DC_AHU ]X^^K_UH_ JG]UJUXUH
3. Ojrk Cedjgjstrcsj H`ha (OCH) / ]lcrh _hfjstrcr
2 ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=:=> 2 ^U Austkejcg ]hgtrci H`ha Jgekghsjc Fheugf Oursc H`ha Bcacrtc Ukwhr J Icgtcj 8 Bi. Bhge. ]uejrdcg Acv. 8?-8= ]hgcycg Bcacrtc ]hictcg 3?3:>
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?. Caugtcg ^uoija / ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt
2 Acgtkr Caugtcg ^uoija Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf (AC^ EO]&E) Bi. _cyc Acijdcicgf Oika H Gk. 5@ Eurhg ]cwjt, Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=55>
=. Gktcrjs / Gktcry
2 Gktcrjs Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, Bcycycgtj, ]L Bi. ^uik _cyc PJ Gk. 3, Ahocykrcg Ocru ” Bcacrtc 3?36>
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
^hrshrkcg bufc dhdocgfug thrmjptcgyc luougfcg ycgf ocja cgtcrc dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg acrycwcg ycgf ejwcajij kihl ^XA @ ]^ IHD - ]^]J ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. dhiciuj phrthducg-phrthducg phrthducg-phrthducg ecg ejcikf ycgf rutjg.
Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs cisk hstcoijslhe c fkke rhictjkgsljp ohtwhhg dcgcfhdhgt k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge hdpikyhhs rhprhshgthe oy ^XA @ ]^ IHD - ]^]J ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. tlrkufl dhhtjgfs cge rhfuicr ejcikfuh.
Budicl acrycwcg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 dhgjgfact dhgbcej === acrycwcg ecrj ?88 acrycwcg pcec tclug ?>3>.
Ulh tktci k` tlh Mkdpcgy hdpikyhhs whrh jgmrhcshe `rkd ?88 jg ?>3> tk === jg ?>33.
^HDHFCGF ]CLCD
]LC_HLKIEH_]
]usugcg ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ^hrshrkcg shsucj ehgfcg Ec`tcr ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ^hrshrkcg phr tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ycgf ejahiucracg kihl Ojrk Cedjgjstrcsj H`ha ^hrshrkcg cecicl
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrhlkiehrs, jg cmmkrecgmh tk slcrhlkiehrs ijst, jssuhe oy tlh ]lcrh _hfjstrcr cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 crh cs `kiikws2
>6
>0 h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
^ r k ffi i ^ h r u s c l c c g M k d p c g y ^ r k ffi i h
IHDOCFC ^HGXGBCGF ^C]C_ DKECI
]UKMA DC_AHU ]X^^K_UH_ JG]UJUXUH
3. Ojrk Cedjgjstrcsj H`ha (OCH) / ]lcrh _hfjstrcr
2 ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=:=> 2 ^U Austkejcg ]hgtrci H`ha Jgekghsjc Fheugf Oursc H`ha Bcacrtc Ukwhr J Icgtcj 8 Bi. Bhge. ]uejrdcg Acv. 8?-8= ]hgcycg Bcacrtc ]hictcg 3?3:>
?. Caugtcg ^uoija / ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt
2 Acgtkr Caugtcg ^uoija Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf (AC^ EO]&E) Bi. _cyc Acijdcicgf Oika H Gk. 5@ Eurhg ]cwjt, Bcacrtc Ujdur 3=55>
=. Gktcrjs / Gktcry
2 Gktcrjs Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, Bcycycgtj, ]L Bi. ^uik _cyc PJ Gk. 3, Ahocykrcg Ocru ” Bcacrtc 3?36>
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ujgbcucg Ajghrbc ]clcd ]tkma ^hr`krdcgmh _hvjhw ^hrfhrcacg lcrfc sclcd ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 ohrfhrca pcec rhgtcgf _p 3>> / sclcd scdpcj _p 3=> / sclcd. Lcrfc thrtjgffj ejmcpcj pcec trjwuicg JJJ tclug ?>33, shecgfacg lcrfc thrhgecl pcec trjwuicg JJ tclug ?>33. Pkiudh phrecfcgfcg sclcd shicdc tclug ?>33 dhgmcpcj =8,<>6,8>> ihdocr sclcd.
>:
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrh prjmh jg ?>33 dkvhe wjtljg tlh rcgfh k` _p 3>> / slcrh tk _p 3=> / slcrh. Ulh ljflhst prjmh wcs rhcmlhe jg =re qucrthr jg ?>33, tlh ikwhst wcs jg ?ge qucrthr ?>33. Urcejgf vkiudh jg ?>33 js =8.<>6.8>> slcrhs.
>:
>< h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
HGUJUC] CGCA
MKD^CGZ ]XO]JEJC_Z
^hrusclccg dhgejrjacg ^U Lkthijgek Durgj, ycgf ohrfhrca ecicd ojecgf usclc phrlkthicg, ehgfcg cicdct acgtkr pusct ej Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf, Bcacrtc Ujdur. Cecpug lkthi ycgf ejocgfug ohrgcdc ’Ulh ^ceh Lkthi—, ohrikacsj ej Gcgfrkh Cmhl Ecruscicd (GCE). Ohrecscracg Catc Gktcrjs Gk. 3=5 ecrj Gktcrjs Er. Jrcwcg ]khrkebk, ]L, Dsj tcgffci ?= Dcrht ?>>:, dkeci ecscr Hgtjtcs Cgca ejtjgfactacg ecrj _p ?> djiycr dhgbcej _p 3?> djiycr shrtc dkeci ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr ejtjgfactacg ecrj _p ?> djiycr dhgbcej _p => djiycr, ejdcgc ahphdjijacg sclcd ^hrshrkcg shohscr :<,= %. ^U Lkthijgek Durgj thicl ohrkphrcsj shbca ouicg Cprji ?>>< ecg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^U Lkthijgek Durgj thicl ejmctct ecg ejicpkracg ecicd icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ^hrshrkcg phr =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
Ulh Mkdpcgy hstcoijslhe ^U Lkthijgek Durgj, wljml jgvkivhe jg tlh lkspjtcijty ousjghss, wjtl jts lhce k``jmh ceerhss ct Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? ^uikfceugf Jgeustrjci Hstcth, Hcst Bcacrtc. Ulh lkthi gcdhe —Ulh ^ceh Lkthi—, ikmcthe jg Gcgfrkh Cmhl Ecruscicd (GCE) ocshe kg Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk. 3=5 oy Gktcry Er. Jrcwcg ]khrkebk, ]L, Dsj ecthe Dcrml ?=, ?>>:, tlh slcrhs mcpjtci kg mkdpcgy suosjejcr y wcs jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?> ojiijkg tk _p 3?> ojiijkg cge cisk jts suosmrjohe cge pcje up mcpjtci jg jgmrhcsh `rkd _p ?> ojiijkg up tk _p => ojiijkg, wlhrh tlh Mkdpcgy slcrhlkiehr slcrhlkiehr ijsthe jg tlh cdkugt k` :<.=%. ^U Lkthijgek Durgj lcs ohhg kphrctjgf sjgmh Cprji ?>>< cge jts `jgcgmjci rhpkrt lcs ohhg rhmkrehe cge rhpkrthe jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci rhpkrt cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
U j g b c u c g A j g h r b c ] c l c d ] t k m a ^ h r ` k r d c g m h _ h v j h w
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ujgbcucg Ajghrbc ]clcd ]tkma ^hr`krdcgmh _hvjhw ^hrfhrcacg lcrfc sclcd ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 ohrfhrca pcec rhgtcgf _p 3>> / sclcd scdpcj _p 3=> / sclcd. Lcrfc thrtjgffj ejmcpcj pcec trjwuicg JJJ tclug ?>33, shecgfacg lcrfc thrhgecl pcec trjwuicg JJ tclug ?>33. Pkiudh phrecfcgfcg sclcd shicdc tclug ?>33 dhgmcpcj =8,<>6,8>> ihdocr sclcd.
>:
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrh prjmh jg ?>33 dkvhe wjtljg tlh rcgfh k` _p 3>> / slcrh tk _p 3=> / slcrh. Ulh ljflhst prjmh wcs rhcmlhe jg =re qucrthr jg ?>33, tlh ikwhst wcs jg ?ge qucrthr ?>33. Urcejgf vkiudh jg ?>33 js =8.<>6.8>> slcrhs.
>:
>< h i ffi k r ^ y g c p d k M g c c l c s u r h ^ i ffi k r ^
HGUJUC] CGCA
MKD^CGZ ]XO]JEJC_Z
^hrusclccg dhgejrjacg ^U Lkthijgek Durgj, ycgf ohrfhrca ecicd ojecgf usclc phrlkthicg, ehgfcg cicdct acgtkr pusct ej Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uikfceugf, Bcacrtc Ujdur. Cecpug lkthi ycgf ejocgfug ohrgcdc ’Ulh ^ceh Lkthi—, ohrikacsj ej Gcgfrkh Cmhl Ecruscicd (GCE). Ohrecscracg Catc Gktcrjs Gk. 3=5 ecrj Gktcrjs Er. Jrcwcg ]khrkebk, ]L, Dsj tcgffci ?= Dcrht ?>>:, dkeci ecscr Hgtjtcs Cgca ejtjgfactacg ecrj _p ?> djiycr dhgbcej _p 3?> djiycr shrtc dkeci ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr ejtjgfactacg ecrj _p ?> djiycr dhgbcej _p => djiycr, ejdcgc ahphdjijacg sclcd ^hrshrkcg shohscr :<,= %. ^U Lkthijgek Durgj thicl ohrkphrcsj shbca ouicg Cprji ?>>< ecg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^U Lkthijgek Durgj thicl ejmctct ecg ejicpkracg ecicd icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ^hrshrkcg phr =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
Ulh Mkdpcgy hstcoijslhe ^U Lkthijgek Durgj, wljml jgvkivhe jg tlh lkspjtcijty ousjghss, wjtl jts lhce k``jmh ceerhss ct Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk. ? ^uikfceugf Jgeustrjci Hstcth, Hcst Bcacrtc. Ulh lkthi gcdhe —Ulh ^ceh Lkthi—, ikmcthe jg Gcgfrkh Cmhl Ecruscicd (GCE) ocshe kg Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk. 3=5 oy Gktcry Er. Jrcwcg ]khrkebk, ]L, Dsj ecthe Dcrml ?=, ?>>:, tlh slcrhs mcpjtci kg mkdpcgy suosjejcr y wcs jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?> ojiijkg tk _p 3?> ojiijkg cge cisk jts suosmrjohe cge pcje up mcpjtci jg jgmrhcsh `rkd _p ?> ojiijkg up tk _p => ojiijkg, wlhrh tlh Mkdpcgy slcrhlkiehr slcrhlkiehr ijsthe jg tlh cdkugt k` :<.=%. ^U Lkthijgek Durgj lcs ohhg kphrctjgf sjgmh Cprji ?>>< cge jts `jgcgmjci rhpkrt lcs ohhg rhmkrehe cge rhpkrthe jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci rhpkrt cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
U j g b c u c g A j g h r b c ] c l c d ] t k m a ^ h r ` k r d c g m h _ h v j h w
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ecicd Ahthgcgfcg Jg ^hcmh`uighss
3>
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ecicd Ahthgcgfcg Jg ^hcmh`uighss
3>
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ejthgfcl Ahrcdcjcg Cdkgf Ulh Mrkwe
3=
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ejthgfcl Ahrcdcjcg Cdkgf Ulh Mrkwe
3=
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
35
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Icpkrcg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs _hpkrt @rkd Ulh Okcre K` Mkddjssjkghrs‚
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhgflcrfcj dhgflcrfcj ahrbc ahrcs ecg usclc ycgf thicl ejicauacg kihl bcbcrcg Ejrhasj ohshrtc dcgcbhdhg ecg shiurul acrycwcg ecicd upcyc dhgjgfactacg phrtudoulcg ^hrshrkcg shrtc dhgbcfc akgsjsthgsj phgfhikiccg ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg akdjtdhg ugtua phghrcpcg Uctc Ahikic ^hrusclccg ycgf ocja. Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cpprhmjcths tlh lcre wkra cge h``krt lcs ohhg dceh oy tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cge jts dcgcfhdhgts cge jts hdpikyhhs jg cg h``krt tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s frkwtl cge tk dcjgtcjg tlh mkgsjsthgmy k` Mkdpcgy‚s dcgcfhdhgt wjtl tlh mkddjtdhgt tk jdpihdhgt tlh Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh.
35 ‚ s r h
g k j s s j d d k M ` K e r c k O h l U d k r @ t r k p h _ s j r c s j d k A g c w h E g c r k p c I
^crc ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ycgf thrlkrdct,
Ehcr ]lcrhlkiehrs ]lcrhlkiehrs,,
Ehgfcg rcsc phgul syuaur ahpcec Uulcg Zcgf Dclc Hsc, acrhgc cgufrcl-Gyc ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ecpct dhiciuj tclug ?>33 ehgfcg ocja.
Ulcgas tk Fke Cidjflty wjtl Ljs oihssjgf ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. mkdpihthe ?>33 wjtl frctj`jyjgf rhsuits.
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs bufc ohrphgecpct oclwc Ejrhasj ecg bcbcrcg dcgcbhdhg dcgcbhdhg thicl dhgbcicgacg _hgmcgc Ahrbc ecg Cgffcrcg ^hrusclccg ehgfcg ocja.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs kpjgjkg tlct tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cge jts dcgcfhdhgts lcvh prkphriy phr`krdhe tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Vkra ^icg cge Ouefht.
]hmcrc rjgmj fcdocrcg thgtcgf ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg thrscbj ecicd Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca tclug ouau ?>33 ycgf thicl ejcuejt kihl Acgtkr Caugtcg ^uoija Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf shsucj ehgfcg Icpkrcg Cuejtkr Jgehphgehg Gk. _.?.=/>36/>=/3? tcgffci ?6 Dcrht ?>3? ehgfcg phgecpct’Vcbcr Ucgpc^hgfhmucijcg—.
Ulh ehtcjihe ehsmrjp tjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh prhshgthe jg tlh Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgts cge Jts ]uosjejcrjhs `kr tlh `jsmci yhcr ?>33, cuejthe oy ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf cs stcthe jg tlh Jgehphgehgt Cuejtkr‚s _hpkrt Gk._.?.=/>36/>=/3? Gk._.?.=/>36/ >=/3? , ecthe Dcrml ?6, ?>3?, jssuhe wjtl cg ’Xgqucij`jhe Kpjgjkg—.
^hrshrkcg thicl ohrupcyc dhgjgfactacg ajghrbcgyc ecg ohrlcsji dhgcjaacg phgbucicg shmcrc muaup sjfgjffiacg shohscr 8:,=<% ecrj _p 85?,0 djiycr ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <05,< <05,< djiycr ejtclug ?>33. ?>33. ^hgjgfactcg phgbucicg thrshout bufc ejjautj ehgfcg phgjgfactcg icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg shohscr =<:,>0% ycjtu ecrj _p =,: djiycr ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3: djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Lcsji phgjgfactcg ycgf dhgffhdojrcacg dhgffhdojrcacg jgj ejlcrcpacg ecpct thrus ohricgbut ejdcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf.
Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs ctthdpthe tk jdprkvh jts phr`krdcgmh cge summhhehe tk jgmrhcsjgf scihs sjfgj`jmcgtiy 8:,=<% `rkd _p 85?,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <05,< ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh jgmrhcsjgf jg scihs wcs `kiikwhe oy cg jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh murrhgt yhcr mkdprhlhgsjvh prk`jt oy =<:.>0%, `rkd _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3: ojiijkg ojiijkg jg tlh ?>33. Ulh rhsuits crh hgmkurcfjgf jdprkvhdhgt js hxphmthe tk mkgtjguh jg tlh `uturh.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thicl dhicascgcacg rcpct ehgfcg Ehwcg Ejrhasj hgcd acij ecicd sctu tclug, ejdcgc ecicd rcpct thrshout ejoclcs lci-lci phgtjgf ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg ecg phghrcpcg dcgcbhdhg rhsjak ecg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh ecicd kphrcsjkgci ^hrshrkcg. Ehwcg Akdjscrjs bufc dhdohrjacg dcsuacg ycgf pksjtj` ahpcec Ehwcg Ejrhasj ecicd rcgfac rhgmcgc dhdphrkihl phiucgf usclc ycgf ihojl ohscr, dhgfjgfct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj ecg phdocgfugcg ej Jgekghsjc ycgf thrus dhgjgfact ecg ohrahsjgcdougfcg shljgffc ejlcrcpacg ahoutulcg cacg acohi cacg dhgjgfact bufc.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs mkgeumthe sjx tjdhs rhfuicr dhhtjgfs jg c yhcr wjtl tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, wlhrh tlh dhhtjgf ejsmusshe jdpkrtcgt dctthrs rhictjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh cge jdpihdhgtctjkg k` rjsa dcgcfhdhgt cge Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s kphrctjkgs. Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cisk fcvh pksjtjvh `hheocma tk tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg krehr tk kotcjg c frhcthr ousjghss kppkrtugjtjhs, sjgmh tlh hmkgkdjm frkwtl cge ehvhikpdhgt jg Jgekghsjc js sthcejiy jgmrhcsjgf cge mkgtjgukus sk tlct tlh hxphmthe ehdcge `kr tlh mcoih wjii jgmrhcsh cs whii.
^cec caljrgyc, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhgfumcpacg thrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg ahpcec Ehwcg Ejrhasj, bcbcrcg dcgcbhdhg ohshrtc shiurul acrycwcg ycgf thicl dhgugbuaacg ehejacsj ecg akgtrjousjgyc ecicd dhgjgfactacg ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg. Uhrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg bufc acdj scdpcjacg ahpcec pcrc phdhfcgf sclcd, phicgffcg, djtrc ahrbc, arhejtkr ecg pjlca-pjlca icjggyc ycgf thicl dhdohrjacg ahphrmcyccg ecg euaugfcg ahpcec ^hrshrkcg. Ajrcgyc luougfcg ycgf thicl thrbcijg ehgfcg ocja jgj ecpct ohrahsjgcdougfcg ohrahsjgcdougfcg ej dcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf.
@jgciiy, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs wkuie ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, jts dcgcfhdhgts cge cii k` jts hdpikyhhs `kr tlhjr ehejmctjkg cge mkgtrjoutjkg jg jdprkvjgf tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh. Vh cisk ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth slcrhlkiehrs, mustkdhrs, pcrtghrs, mrhejtkrs cge ktlhr pcrtjhs `kr tlhjr trusts cge suppkrts `kr tlh Mkdpcgy. Vh lkph tljs fkke rhictjkgsljp mkuie oh dcjgtcjghe jg tlh `uturh.
]hdkfc Uulcg Zcgf Dclc Hsc shgcgtjcsc dhdohractj ajtc shduc.
Dcy tlh Cidjflty Fke oihss cii k` us cge cii tlh ousjghss tlct wh rug.
Bcacrtc, Cprji ?>3?
]KH^KGK ^rhsjehgAkdjscrjs ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
38 I c p k r c g E h w c g A k d j s c r j s _ h p k r t @ r k d U l h O k c r e K ` M k d d j s s j k g h r s ‚
35
Icpkrcg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs _hpkrt @rkd Ulh Okcre K` Mkddjssjkghrs‚
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhgflcrfcj dhgflcrfcj ahrbc ahrcs ecg usclc ycgf thicl ejicauacg kihl bcbcrcg Ejrhasj ohshrtc dcgcbhdhg ecg shiurul acrycwcg ecicd upcyc dhgjgfactacg phrtudoulcg ^hrshrkcg shrtc dhgbcfc akgsjsthgsj phgfhikiccg ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg akdjtdhg ugtua phghrcpcg Uctc Ahikic ^hrusclccg ycgf ocja. Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cpprhmjcths tlh lcre wkra cge h``krt lcs ohhg dceh oy tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cge jts dcgcfhdhgts cge jts hdpikyhhs jg cg h``krt tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s frkwtl cge tk dcjgtcjg tlh mkgsjsthgmy k` Mkdpcgy‚s dcgcfhdhgt wjtl tlh mkddjtdhgt tk jdpihdhgt tlh Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh.
35 ‚ s r h g k j s s j d d k M ` K e r c k O h l U d k r @ t r k p h _ s j r c s j d k A g c w h E g c r k p c I
^crc ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ycgf thrlkrdct,
Ehcr ]lcrhlkiehrs ]lcrhlkiehrs,,
Ehgfcg rcsc phgul syuaur ahpcec Uulcg Zcgf Dclc Hsc, acrhgc cgufrcl-Gyc ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ecpct dhiciuj tclug ?>33 ehgfcg ocja.
Ulcgas tk Fke Cidjflty wjtl Ljs oihssjgf ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. mkdpihthe ?>33 wjtl frctj`jyjgf rhsuits.
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs bufc ohrphgecpct oclwc Ejrhasj ecg bcbcrcg dcgcbhdhg dcgcbhdhg thicl dhgbcicgacg _hgmcgc Ahrbc ecg Cgffcrcg ^hrusclccg ehgfcg ocja.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs kpjgjkg tlct tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cge jts dcgcfhdhgts lcvh prkphriy phr`krdhe tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Vkra ^icg cge Ouefht.
]hmcrc rjgmj fcdocrcg thgtcgf ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg thrscbj ecicd Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca tclug ouau ?>33 ycgf thicl ejcuejt kihl Acgtkr Caugtcg ^uoija Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf shsucj ehgfcg Icpkrcg Cuejtkr Jgehphgehg Gk. _.?.=/>36/>=/3? tcgffci ?6 Dcrht ?>3? ehgfcg phgecpct’Vcbcr Ucgpc^hgfhmucijcg—.
Ulh ehtcjihe ehsmrjp tjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh prhshgthe jg tlh Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgts cge Jts ]uosjejcrjhs `kr tlh `jsmci yhcr ?>33, cuejthe oy ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt Ekij, Ocdocgf, ]uecrdcebj & Ececgf cs stcthe jg tlh Jgehphgehgt Cuejtkr‚s _hpkrt Gk._.?.=/>36/>=/3? Gk._.?.=/>36/ >=/3? , ecthe Dcrml ?6, ?>3?, jssuhe wjtl cg ’Xgqucij`jhe Kpjgjkg—.
^hrshrkcg thicl ohrupcyc dhgjgfactacg ajghrbcgyc ecg ohrlcsji dhgcjaacg phgbucicg shmcrc muaup sjfgjffiacg shohscr 8:,=<% ecrj _p 85?,0 djiycr ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <05,< <05,< djiycr ejtclug ?>33. ?>33. ^hgjgfactcg phgbucicg thrshout bufc ejjautj ehgfcg phgjgfactcg icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg shohscr =<:,>0% ycjtu ecrj _p =,: djiycr ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3: djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Lcsji phgjgfactcg ycgf dhgffhdojrcacg dhgffhdojrcacg jgj ejlcrcpacg ecpct thrus ohricgbut ejdcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf.
Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs ctthdpthe tk jdprkvh jts phr`krdcgmh cge summhhehe tk jgmrhcsjgf scihs sjfgj`jmcgtiy 8:,=<% `rkd _p 85?,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <05,< ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh jgmrhcsjgf jg scihs wcs `kiikwhe oy cg jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh murrhgt yhcr mkdprhlhgsjvh prk`jt oy =<:.>0%, `rkd _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3: ojiijkg ojiijkg jg tlh ?>33. Ulh rhsuits crh hgmkurcfjgf jdprkvhdhgt js hxphmthe tk mkgtjguh jg tlh `uturh.
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thicl dhicascgcacg rcpct ehgfcg Ehwcg Ejrhasj hgcd acij ecicd sctu tclug, ejdcgc ecicd rcpct thrshout ejoclcs lci-lci phgtjgf ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg ecg phghrcpcg dcgcbhdhg rhsjak ecg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh ecicd kphrcsjkgci ^hrshrkcg. Ehwcg Akdjscrjs bufc dhdohrjacg dcsuacg ycgf pksjtj` ahpcec Ehwcg Ejrhasj ecicd rcgfac rhgmcgc dhdphrkihl phiucgf usclc ycgf ihojl ohscr, dhgfjgfct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj ecg phdocgfugcg ej Jgekghsjc ycgf thrus dhgjgfact ecg ohrahsjgcdougfcg shljgffc ejlcrcpacg ahoutulcg cacg acohi cacg dhgjgfact bufc.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs mkgeumthe sjx tjdhs rhfuicr dhhtjgfs jg c yhcr wjtl tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, wlhrh tlh dhhtjgf ejsmusshe jdpkrtcgt dctthrs rhictjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh cge jdpihdhgtctjkg k` rjsa dcgcfhdhgt cge Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s kphrctjkgs. Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cisk fcvh pksjtjvh `hheocma tk tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg krehr tk kotcjg c frhcthr ousjghss kppkrtugjtjhs, sjgmh tlh hmkgkdjm frkwtl cge ehvhikpdhgt jg Jgekghsjc js sthcejiy jgmrhcsjgf cge mkgtjgukus sk tlct tlh hxphmthe ehdcge `kr tlh mcoih wjii jgmrhcsh cs whii.
^cec caljrgyc, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhgfumcpacg thrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg ahpcec Ehwcg Ejrhasj, bcbcrcg dcgcbhdhg ohshrtc shiurul acrycwcg ycgf thicl dhgugbuaacg ehejacsj ecg akgtrjousjgyc ecicd dhgjgfactacg ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg. Uhrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg bufc acdj scdpcjacg ahpcec pcrc phdhfcgf sclcd, phicgffcg, djtrc ahrbc, arhejtkr ecg pjlca-pjlca icjggyc ycgf thicl dhdohrjacg ahphrmcyccg ecg euaugfcg ahpcec ^hrshrkcg. Ajrcgyc luougfcg ycgf thicl thrbcijg ehgfcg ocja jgj ecpct ohrahsjgcdougfcg ohrahsjgcdougfcg ej dcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf.
@jgciiy, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs wkuie ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, jts dcgcfhdhgts cge cii k` jts hdpikyhhs `kr tlhjr ehejmctjkg cge mkgtrjoutjkg jg jdprkvjgf tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh. Vh cisk ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth slcrhlkiehrs, mustkdhrs, pcrtghrs, mrhejtkrs cge ktlhr pcrtjhs `kr tlhjr trusts cge suppkrts `kr tlh Mkdpcgy. Vh lkph tljs fkke rhictjkgsljp mkuie oh dcjgtcjghe jg tlh `uturh.
]hdkfc Uulcg Zcgf Dclc Hsc shgcgtjcsc dhdohractj ajtc shduc.
Dcy tlh Cidjflty Fke oihss cii k` us cge cii tlh ousjghss tlct wh rug.
Bcacrtc, Cprji ?>3?
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
^rkffii Ehwcg Akdjscrjs Ulh Okcre K` Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Mkddjssjkghrs‚ ^rkffiih
^rhsjehg Akdjscrjs ” ]khpkgk
^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr Mkddjssjkghr ” ]khpkgk
Dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg shbca ?>331 shohiudgyc shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ugtua phrjkeh tclug ?>>5-?>>0. ^cec tclug ?>>3 scdpcj ehgfcg ?>3> dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. ^hrgcl dhgeueuaj bcoctcg Akdjscrjs ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. ugtua phrjkeh 3::< scdpcj ehgfcg 3:::. Dhrupcacg phgejrj ^U ]jgcr Ocru Hihmtrjm pcec tclug 3:6= ycgf scct jgj alusus ohrfhrca ej ojecgf ahijstrjacg.
^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr k` tlh Mkdpcgy sjgmh ?>332 prhvjkusiy cs Mkddjssjkghr `kr tlh phrjke ?>>5-?>>0. Jg ?>>3 tk ?>3> shrvhe cs c Ejrhmtkr k` ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. Mkddjssjkghrs k` ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. `kr tlh phrjke 3::< tk 3:::. Lh js c `kugehr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Hihmtrjm jg 3:6=, wjtl tlh dcjg ijgh k` ousjghss js jg tlh hihmtrjmjty.
Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg ” E.G. Cegycgc
Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr ” E.G. Cegycgc
Dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg ^hrshrkcg shbca tclug ?>>0. Iuiuscg Jgstjtut Uhagkikfj Ocgeugf (JUO) buruscg Uhagja Dhsjg pcec tclug 3:68 ecg dhdphrkihl fhicr Ekatkr Dhtciurfj pcec tclug 3:<3 ecrj Alctkijhah Xgjvhrsjthg Ihuvhgd Ohifjc.
Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr sjgmh ?>>0. Frceucthe `rkd Dhmlcgjmci Hgfjghhrjgf Ehpcrthdhgt k` tlh Ocgeugf Jgstjtuth k` Uhmlgkikfy (JUO) jg 3:68 cge hcrghe c Ekmtkrcth jg Dhtlciurfjmci `rkd tlh Alctkijhah Xgjvhrsjthg Ihuvhgd, Ohifjud, jg 3:<3.
Akdjscrjs - Phrey Aklcr
Mkddjssjkghr Mkddjssjkg hr - Phrey Aklcr
Dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33, shohiudgyc ohijcu dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg shbca tclug ?>>8. Iuiuscg Xgjvhrsjtcs Urjscatj Buruscg Caugtcsj. Ohijcu dhduicj acrjrgyc ecrj Acgtkr Caugtcg Ers. Xtcdc & Mk (3:<5-3:<0) shohiud ohrfcougf ehgfcg ^U ]XMCMK Uoa. (3:<0-?>>5) ehgfcg bcoctcg thrcaljr shocfcj Dcgcbhr Caugtjgf. ^cec tclug ?>>0-?>>: dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^U Lkthijgek Durgj. Ohijcu dhgfugeuracg ejrj ecrj ^hrshrkcg ohrecscracg ohrecscracg surctgyc thrtcgffci ?> Buij ?>33.
Cs c Mkddjssjkg hrs jg ?>33, prhvjkusiy cs c Ejrhmtkr k` tl h Mkdpcgy sjgmh ?>>8. Frceucthe `rkd Urjscatj Xgjvhrsjty dcbkr Cmmkugtjgf. Ljs mcrhhr mkddhgmhe ct ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt Ers. Xtkdk & Mk (3:<5-3:<0), prjkr bkjgjgf ^U ]XMCMK Uoa. (3:<0-?>>5) wlhrh ljs icst pktjtjkg wcs Cmmkugtjgf Dcgcfhr. Lh lce shrvhe cs Mkddjssjkghrs k` ^U Lkthijgek Durgj `rkd ?>>0-?>>:. Lh wcs rhsjfghe `rkd Mkdpcgy cmmkrejgf tk ljs rhsjfgctjkg ihtthr ecthe Buiy ?>, ?>33.
30 h i ffi k r ^ ‚ s r h g k j s s j d d k M ` K e r c k O h l U s j r c s j d k A g c w h E i ffi k r ^
=
3
?
3. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehgAkdjscrjs ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr
?. E.G. Cegycgc AkdjscrjsJgehphgehg Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr
=. Phrey Aklcr Akdjscrjs Mkddjssjkghr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
I c p k r c g E h w c g A k d j s c r j s _ h p k r t @ r k d U l h O k c r e K ` M k d d j s s j k g h r s ‚
]KH^KGK ^rhsjehgAkdjscrjs ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
30
38
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
36 ^ r k ffi i E h w c g A k d j s c r j s U l h O k c r e K ` M k d d j s s j k g h r s ‚ ^ r k ffi i h
30
^rkffii Ehwcg Akdjscrjs Ulh Okcre K` Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Mkddjssjkghrs‚ ^rkffiih
^rhsjehg Akdjscrjs ” ]khpkgk
^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr Mkddjssjkghr ” ]khpkgk
Dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg shbca ?>331 shohiudgyc shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ugtua phrjkeh tclug ?>>5-?>>0. ^cec tclug ?>>3 scdpcj ehgfcg ?>3> dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. ^hrgcl dhgeueuaj bcoctcg Akdjscrjs ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. ugtua phrjkeh 3::< scdpcj ehgfcg 3:::. Dhrupcacg phgejrj ^U ]jgcr Ocru Hihmtrjm pcec tclug 3:6= ycgf scct jgj alusus ohrfhrca ej ojecgf ahijstrjacg.
^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr k` tlh Mkdpcgy sjgmh ?>332 prhvjkusiy cs Mkddjssjkghr `kr tlh phrjke ?>>5-?>>0. Jg ?>>3 tk ?>3> shrvhe cs c Ejrhmtkr k` ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. Mkddjssjkghrs k` ^U Uhdocfc Duijc ]hdcgcg Uoa. `kr tlh phrjke 3::< tk 3:::. Lh js c `kugehr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Hihmtrjm jg 3:6=, wjtl tlh dcjg ijgh k` ousjghss js jg tlh hihmtrjmjty.
Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg ” E.G. Cegycgc
Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr ” E.G. Cegycgc
Dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg ^hrshrkcg shbca tclug ?>>0. Iuiuscg Jgstjtut Uhagkikfj Ocgeugf (JUO) buruscg Uhagja Dhsjg pcec tclug 3:68 ecg dhdphrkihl fhicr Ekatkr Dhtciurfj pcec tclug 3:<3 ecrj Alctkijhah Xgjvhrsjthg Ihuvhgd Ohifjc.
Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr sjgmh ?>>0. Frceucthe `rkd Dhmlcgjmci Hgfjghhrjgf Ehpcrthdhgt k` tlh Ocgeugf Jgstjtuth k` Uhmlgkikfy (JUO) jg 3:68 cge hcrghe c Ekmtkrcth jg Dhtlciurfjmci `rkd tlh Alctkijhah Xgjvhrsjthg Ihuvhgd, Ohifjud, jg 3:<3.
30 h i ffi k r ^ ‚ s r h g k j s s j d d k M ` K e r c k O h l U s j r c s j d k A g c w h E i ffi k r ^
=
3
?
Akdjscrjs - Phrey Aklcr
Mkddjssjkghr Mkddjssjkg hr - Phrey Aklcr
Dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33, shohiudgyc ohijcu dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg shbca tclug ?>>8. Iuiuscg Xgjvhrsjtcs Urjscatj Buruscg Caugtcsj. Ohijcu dhduicj acrjrgyc ecrj Acgtkr Caugtcg Ers. Xtcdc & Mk (3:<5-3:<0) shohiud ohrfcougf ehgfcg ^U ]XMCMK Uoa. (3:<0-?>>5) ehgfcg bcoctcg thrcaljr shocfcj Dcgcbhr Caugtjgf. ^cec tclug ?>>0-?>>: dhgbcoct shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^U Lkthijgek Durgj. Ohijcu dhgfugeuracg ejrj ecrj ^hrshrkcg ohrecscracg ohrecscracg surctgyc thrtcgffci ?> Buij ?>33.
Cs c Mkddjssjkg hrs jg ?>33, prhvjkusiy cs c Ejrhmtkr k` tl h Mkdpcgy sjgmh ?>>8. Frceucthe `rkd Urjscatj Xgjvhrsjty dcbkr Cmmkugtjgf. Ljs mcrhhr mkddhgmhe ct ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt Ers. Xtkdk & Mk (3:<5-3:<0), prjkr bkjgjgf ^U ]XMCMK Uoa. (3:<0-?>>5) wlhrh ljs icst pktjtjkg wcs Cmmkugtjgf Dcgcfhr. Lh lce shrvhe cs Mkddjssjkghrs k` ^U Lkthijgek Durgj `rkd ?>>0-?>>:. Lh wcs rhsjfghe `rkd Mkdpcgy cmmkrejgf tk ljs rhsjfgctjkg ihtthr ecthe Buiy ?>, ?>33.
3. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehgAkdjscrjs ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr
?. E.G. Cegycgc AkdjscrjsJgehphgehg
36 ^ r k ffi i E h w c g A k d j s c r j s U l h
O k c r e K ` M k d d j s s j k g h r s ‚ ^ r k ffi i h
Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr
=. Phrey Aklcr Akdjscrjs Mkddjssjkghr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
3<
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Icpkrcg Ehwcg Ejrhasj _hpkrt @rkd Ulh Okcre K` Ejrhmtkrs
^hrahdocgfcg akgejsj hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc ycgf ocja jgj bufc ejrcscacg pcec jgeustrj phracohicg ejdcgc phrdjgtccg acohi pcec tclug ?>33 muaup tjgffj ecg tudoul sjfgj`acg ejocgejgfacg tclug ?>3>. Lci jgj thrutcdc ecicd dhdhgulj ahoutulcg ecicd ghfhrj ycgf dcsjl ohscr thrutcdc ehgfcg cecgyc dhfc prkyha phdocgfugcg pkwhr picgt, prkyha djgyca & fcs ecg prkyha prkphrtj. Ulh sjfgj`jmcgt Jgekghsj c hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt jg ?>33 wcs cisk rh`ihmthe wjtl ljflhr ehdcge `kr mcoihs jg ?>33 wljml frhw sjfgj`jmcgtiy ljfl mkdpcrhe tk tlh yhcr ?>3>. Uljs wcs dcjgiy tk dhht ekdhstjm ehdcge dhfc prkbhmts k` pkwhr picgt mkgstrumtjkg , kji & fcs prkbhmts cge prkphr ty prkbhmts.
3< s r k t m h r j E ` K e r c k O h l U d k r @ t r k p h _ j s a h r j E g c w h E g c r k p c I
^crc ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ycgf thrlkrdct,
Ehcr ]lcrhlkiehrs ]lcrhlkiehrs,,
]hthicl dhihwctj arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci ?>>< ecg ?>>:, phrahdocgfcg hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc dhgugbuaacg phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g ycgf muaup dhgffhdo dhgffhdojrcacg. jrcacg. Ejthgfcl jsu arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci shpcgbcgf tclug ?>33, akgejsj phrhakgkdjcg Jgekghsjc ohrlcsji tudoul ehgfcg ocja. Ohrecscracg ectc Ojrk ^usct ]tctjstja (O^]), hakgkdj Jgekghsjc tudoul 0,8% ej tclug ?>33 ecg jgcsj Jgekghsjc tclug ?>33 ohrcec pcec ihvhi =,6:%. Mcecgfcg ehvjsc thrus tudoul dhghdous ejctcs 3>> djiycr Ekiicr C], ejdcgc lci thrshout ejtugbcgf kihl lcsji rctjgf @jtml _ctjgf ycgf dhgyctcacg Jgekghsjc pcec Ehshdohr ?>33 thicl dcsua ecicd acthfkrj ’Jgvhstdhgt Frceh—.
C`thr hxphrjhgmjgf c fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>>< cge ?>>:, hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg Jgekghsjc slkws c sjfgj`jmcgt ehvhikpdhgt. Ehspjth fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>33, Jgekghsjc dcgcfhe tk dcjgtcjg c fkke hmkgkdjm mkgejtjkg. Ocshe kg tlh Mhgtrci Ourhcu k` ]tctjstjms (MO]) ectc, cge tlh Jgekghsjcg hmkgkdy frhw oy 0.8% jg ?>33 cge jg`ictjkg rcth wcs ct =.6:%. Jgekghsjcg `krhjfg hxmlcgfh rhshrvhs frhw cge rhcmlhe cokvh 3>> ojiijkg X] Ekiicr, jg wljml jt wcs suppkrthe oy rctjgf rhsuit oy @jtml _ctjgf wljml ehmicrhe tlct Jgekghsjc wcs jg ’Jgvhstdhgt Frceh— mcthfkry jg Ehmhdohr ?>33.
^cec tclug ?>33, ^hrshrkcg ohrlcsji dhdouauacg phgbucicgshohscr_p<05,< djiycrdhgfcicdjphgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg tclug ?>3> ?>3> shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. djiycr. Icoc shohiud pcbca ^hrshrkcg tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p ?8,8 djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p 3:,0 djiycr ctcu ==0,66% ecrj _p 8,< djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> ecg icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 3: djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p 38,3 djiycr ctcu =<:,>0% ecrj _p =,: djiycr ej tclug ?>3>.
Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy summhss`uiiy pksthe c scih vciuhe ct _p <05,< ojiijkg, jgmrhcsjgf _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk tlh scihs jg ?>3> ct _p 85?,0 ojiijkg. ^rk`jt oh`krh tcx k` tlh Mkdpcgy jg ?>33 wcs _p ?8,8 ojiijkg jgmrhcsjgf _p 3:,0 ojiijkg kr ==0,66% `rkd _p 8,< ojiijkg jg ?>3> cge tlh murrhgt yhcr mkdprhlhgsjvh prk`jt `kr tlh yhcr ?> 33 wcs _p 3: ojiijkg, wljml wcs jgmr hcshe _p 38,3 ojiijkg kr =<:,>0% mkdpcrhe wjtl _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3>.
]hdhgtcrc jtu, budicl csht ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 5>=,? djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 05= djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu ahgcjacg shohscr 8:,56%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phrshejccg ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p =8,5 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 330,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>33, shrtc dhgjgfactgyc pjutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 3>8,< djiycr pcec pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3<= djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Csht thtcp ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgjgfact ecrj _p ?=6,6 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p ?<=,5 djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
Dhcgwljih, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s tktci cssht lce jgmrhcshe `rkd _p 5>=.? ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 05= ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr jgmrhcshe oy 8:.56%. Uljs wcs pcrtjmuicriy euh tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tl h Mkdpcgy‚s jgvhgtkry `rkd _p =8.5 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 330.6 ojiijkg jg ?>33, cge tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs k` tlh Mkdpcgy `rkd _p 3>8.< ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3<= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s `jxhe cssht lce jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?=6.6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p ?<=.5 ojiijkg jg ?>33.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
_csjk _hturg Kg Cssht (_KC) ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg ecrj >,:0% ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej ?,:0% ejtclug ?>33 ecg rcsjk _hturg Kg Hqujty (_KH) ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg ecrj 3,63% ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej 6,6<% ej tclug ?>33.
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s _hturg Kg Cssht _ctjk (_KC) jgmrhcshe `rkd >.:0% jg ?>3> tk ?.:0% jg ?>33 cge _hturg Kg Hqujty _ctjk (_KH) lcs cisk jgmrhcshe `rkd 3.63% jg ?>3> tk 6.6<% jg ?>33.
Dhdcsuaj tclug ?>3?, eugjc dcsjl ejocycgfj kihl ohiud puijlgyc arjsjs ahucgfcg ej Cdhrjac ]hrjact ecg dhdouruagyc ahucgfcg Ghfcrc-ghfcrc ej zkgc Hurk. Akgejsj jgj dhgfcgmcd thrbcejgyc phricdoctcg phrtudoulcg hakgkdj eugjc ej tclug ?>3?.
Vlhg hgthrjgf ?>3?, tlh wkrie js stjii `cmjgf c `jgcgmjci mrjsjs jg tlh Xgjthe ]tcths k` Cdhrjmc cge wkrshg `jgcgmjci mrjsjs jg Hurkphcg mkugtrjhs. Uljs mkgejtjkg js hxphmthe tk sikwekwg tlh wkrie‚s hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg ?>3?.
Gcdug ehdjajcg, dhgfjgfct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj Jgekghsjc dcsjl scgfct ejphgfcrulj kihl phrtudoulcg akgsudsj ecicd ghfhrj, dcac ^hdhrjgtcl Jgekghsjc dcsjl dhdprkyhasjacg cecgyc phrtudoulcg hakgkdj shohscr 0,8% pcec tclug ?>3?.
Lkwhvhr, sjgmh tlh hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg Jgekghsjc js strkgfiy jg`iuhgmhe oy tlh frkwtl k` tlh ekdhstjm mkgsudptjkg, tlh Jgekghsjcg fkvhrgdhgt stjii hxphmts cg hmkgkdjm frkwtl k` 0.8% jg ?>3?.
Cecgyc phrjgfact Jgvhstdhgt Frceh ycgf ejtugbcgf kihl pkthgsj dcraht ecicd ghfhrj ecg sudohr ecyc cicd ycgf ohscr dhrupcacg `catkr utcdc phgekrkgf phgjgfactcg ’ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt— ej Jgekghsjc. Ocecg Akkrejgcsj ^hgcgcdcg Dkeci (OA^D) dhdprkyhasjacg cecgyc cijrcg jgvhstcsj ecrj dcgmcghfcrc shajtcr ?:> trjijug shpcgbcgf tclug ?>3? (sudohr2 h-pcphr Ghrcmc.mkd, 0 @horucrj ?>3?).
Ulh Jgvhstdhgt Frceh rctjgf cge cisk suppkrthe oy tlh lufh pkthgtjci ekdhstjm dcraht cge tlh sjfgj`jmcgt gcturci rhskurmhs crh c dcbkr `cmtkr tlct suppkrt tlh jdprkvhdhgt k` ’ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt— jg Jgekghsjc. Ulh Okcre k` Mcpjtci Jgvhstdhgt Mkkrejgctjgf (OA^D) lcs prkbhmthe tlh ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt vciuhe ct ?:> trjiijkg jg ?>3?, jg wljml tlh ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt wjii oh hxphmthe cs c `krhjfg ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt (skurmh2 h-pcphr Ghrcmc.mkd1 @horucrj 0, ?>3?)
^hgjgfactcg jgvhstcsj cacg dhdoutulacg phgjgfactcg jg`rcstruatur, thrdcsua ejcgtcrcgyc phgjgfactcg jg`rcstruatur ahijstrjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj, ejdcgc ecicd lci jgj jgeustrj acohi dhrupcacg jgeustrj utcdc phgeuaugf jg`rcstruatur ahijstrjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj. Jgeustrj prkphrtj bufc ejycajgj dcsjl dhdpugycj phrtudoulcg ycgf ocja shicdc tclug ?>3? ecg lci jgj thgtugyc dhrupcacg pcscr ycgf scgfct pkthgsjci ocfj jgeustrj acohi.
Ulh Jgmrhcsjgf k` jgvhstdhgt wjii rhqujr h jg `rcstrumturh jdprkvhdhgts, jgmiuejgf cg jgmrhcsh jg hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg s jg`rcstrumturh, jg wljml tlh mcoih mcoih jgeustry js c dcbkr jgeustry tlct suppkrt hihmtrjmci cge thihmkddugjmctjkgs jg`rcstrumturh. ^rkphrty jgeustry js cisk ohijhvhe tk stjii lcvh fkke frkwtl eurjgf ?>3? cge jt js mhrtcjgiy c vhry fkke pkthgtjci dcraht `kr tlh mcoih jgeustry.
Kihl acrhgcgyc, dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg scgfct ycajg oclwc prkspha jgeustrj acohi tclug ?>3? dcsjl scgfct dhgbcgbjacg ycgf ejlcrcpacg cacg dhdouct ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg ej tclug ?>3? bufc dhgbcej ihojl ocja.
Ulhrh`krh, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dcgcfhdhgt ohijhvhs tlct mcoih jgeustry jg ?>3? js vhry prkdjsjgf cge jts phr`krdcgmh js hxphmthe tk jdprkvh jg ?>3?.
Caljrgyc, ctcs gcdc shiurul bcbcrcg Ejrhasj ^hrshrkcg, acdj dhgfumcpacg thrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg shtjgffjtjgffjgyc ahpcec Ehwcg Akdjscrjs, phdhfcgf sclcd ecg shfhgcp phdcgfau ahphgtjgfcg ctcs ahphrmcyccg ecg cprhsjcsj ycgf ejohrjacg shicdc jgj. ^hgflcrfccg ycgf scdc bufc acdj ohrjacg ugtua ehejacsj, ahrbc ahrcs ecg ikycijtcs shiurul acrycwcg shrtc djtrc ahrbc icjggyc.
@jgciiy, kg ohlci` k` cii dhdohrs k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, wh ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs, slcrhlkiehrs cge cii stcahlkiehrs `kr tlh trusts cge cpprhmjctjkg. Vh cisk ijah tk tlcga cii hdpikyhhs cge ousjghss pcrtghrs `kr tlhjr ehejmctjkg, lcre wkra cge ikycijty.
Bcacrtc, Cprji. ?>3?
]uryc C. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehgEjrhatur ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
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3<
Icpkrcg Ehwcg Ejrhasj _hpkrt @rkd Ulh Okcre K` Ejrhmtkrs
^hrahdocgfcg akgejsj hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc ycgf ocja jgj bufc ejrcscacg pcec jgeustrj phracohicg ejdcgc phrdjgtccg acohi pcec tclug ?>33 muaup tjgffj ecg tudoul sjfgj`acg ejocgejgfacg tclug ?>3>. Lci jgj thrutcdc ecicd dhdhgulj ahoutulcg ecicd ghfhrj ycgf dcsjl ohscr thrutcdc ehgfcg cecgyc dhfc prkyha phdocgfugcg pkwhr picgt, prkyha djgyca & fcs ecg prkyha prkphrtj. Ulh sjfgj`jmcgt Jgekghsj c hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt jg ?>33 wcs cisk rh`ihmthe wjtl ljflhr ehdcge `kr mcoihs jg ?>33 wljml frhw sjfgj`jmcgtiy ljfl mkdpcrhe tk tlh yhcr ?>3>. Uljs wcs dcjgiy tk dhht ekdhstjm ehdcge dhfc prkbhmts k` pkwhr picgt mkgstrumtjkg , kji & fcs prkbhmts cge prkphr ty prkbhmts.
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Ehcr ]lcrhlkiehrs ]lcrhlkiehrs,,
]hthicl dhihwctj arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci ?>>< ecg ?>>:, phrahdocgfcg hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc dhgugbuaacg phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g ycgf muaup dhgffhdo dhgffhdojrcacg. jrcacg. Ejthgfcl jsu arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci shpcgbcgf tclug ?>33, akgejsj phrhakgkdjcg Jgekghsjc ohrlcsji tudoul ehgfcg ocja. Ohrecscracg ectc Ojrk ^usct ]tctjstja (O^]), hakgkdj Jgekghsjc tudoul 0,8% ej tclug ?>33 ecg jgcsj Jgekghsjc tclug ?>33 ohrcec pcec ihvhi =,6:%. Mcecgfcg ehvjsc thrus tudoul dhghdous ejctcs 3>> djiycr Ekiicr C], ejdcgc lci thrshout ejtugbcgf kihl lcsji rctjgf @jtml _ctjgf ycgf dhgyctcacg Jgekghsjc pcec Ehshdohr ?>33 thicl dcsua ecicd acthfkrj ’Jgvhstdhgt Frceh—.
C`thr hxphrjhgmjgf c fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>>< cge ?>>:, hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg Jgekghsjc slkws c sjfgj`jmcgt ehvhikpdhgt. Ehspjth fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>33, Jgekghsjc dcgcfhe tk dcjgtcjg c fkke hmkgkdjm mkgejtjkg. Ocshe kg tlh Mhgtrci Ourhcu k` ]tctjstjms (MO]) ectc, cge tlh Jgekghsjcg hmkgkdy frhw oy 0.8% jg ?>33 cge jg`ictjkg rcth wcs ct =.6:%. Jgekghsjcg `krhjfg hxmlcgfh rhshrvhs frhw cge rhcmlhe cokvh 3>> ojiijkg X] Ekiicr, jg wljml jt wcs suppkrthe oy rctjgf rhsuit oy @jtml _ctjgf wljml ehmicrhe tlct Jgekghsjc wcs jg ’Jgvhstdhgt Frceh— mcthfkry jg Ehmhdohr ?>33.
^cec tclug ?>33, ^hrshrkcg ohrlcsji dhdouauacg phgbucicgshohscr_p<05,< djiycrdhgfcicdjphgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg tclug ?>3> ?>3> shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. djiycr. Icoc shohiud pcbca ^hrshrkcg tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p ?8,8 djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p 3:,0 djiycr ctcu ==0,66% ecrj _p 8,< djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> ecg icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 3: djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p 38,3 djiycr ctcu =<:,>0% ecrj _p =,: djiycr ej tclug ?>3>.
Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy summhss`uiiy pksthe c scih vciuhe ct _p <05,< ojiijkg, jgmrhcsjgf _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk tlh scihs jg ?>3> ct _p 85?,0 ojiijkg. ^rk`jt oh`krh tcx k` tlh Mkdpcgy jg ?>33 wcs _p ?8,8 ojiijkg jgmrhcsjgf _p 3:,0 ojiijkg kr ==0,66% `rkd _p 8,< ojiijkg jg ?>3> cge tlh murrhgt yhcr mkdprhlhgsjvh prk`jt `kr tlh yhcr ?> 33 wcs _p 3: ojiijkg, wljml wcs jgmr hcshe _p 38,3 ojiijkg kr =<:,>0% mkdpcrhe wjtl _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3>.
]hdhgtcrc jtu, budicl csht ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 5>=,? djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 05= djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu ahgcjacg shohscr 8:,56%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phrshejccg ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p =8,5 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 330,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>33, shrtc dhgjgfactgyc pjutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 3>8,< djiycr pcec pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3<= djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Csht thtcp ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgjgfact ecrj _p ?=6,6 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p ?<=,5 djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
Dhcgwljih, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s tktci cssht lce jgmrhcshe `rkd _p 5>=.? ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 05= ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr jgmrhcshe oy 8:.56%. Uljs wcs pcrtjmuicriy euh tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tl h Mkdpcgy‚s jgvhgtkry `rkd _p =8.5 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 330.6 ojiijkg jg ?>33, cge tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs k` tlh Mkdpcgy `rkd _p 3>8.< ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3<= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s `jxhe cssht lce jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?=6.6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p ?<=.5 ojiijkg jg ?>33.
_csjk _hturg Kg Cssht (_KC) ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg ecrj >,:0% ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej ?,:0% ejtclug ?>33 ecg rcsjk _hturg Kg Hqujty (_KH) ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg ecrj 3,63% ej tclug ?>3> dhgbcej 6,6<% ej tclug ?>33.
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s _hturg Kg Cssht _ctjk (_KC) jgmrhcshe `rkd >.:0% jg ?>3> tk ?.:0% jg ?>33 cge _hturg Kg Hqujty _ctjk (_KH) lcs cisk jgmrhcshe `rkd 3.63% jg ?>3> tk 6.6<% jg ?>33.
Dhdcsuaj tclug ?>3?, eugjc dcsjl ejocycgfj kihl ohiud puijlgyc arjsjs ahucgfcg ej Cdhrjac ]hrjact ecg dhdouruagyc ahucgfcg Ghfcrc-ghfcrc ej zkgc Hurk. Akgejsj jgj dhgfcgmcd thrbcejgyc phricdoctcg phrtudoulcg hakgkdj eugjc ej tclug ?>3?.
Vlhg hgthrjgf ?>3?, tlh wkrie js stjii `cmjgf c `jgcgmjci mrjsjs jg tlh Xgjthe ]tcths k` Cdhrjmc cge wkrshg `jgcgmjci mrjsjs jg Hurkphcg mkugtrjhs. Uljs mkgejtjkg js hxphmthe tk sikwekwg tlh wkrie‚s hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg ?>3?.
Gcdug ehdjajcg, dhgfjgfct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj Jgekghsjc dcsjl scgfct ejphgfcrulj kihl phrtudoulcg akgsudsj ecicd ghfhrj, dcac ^hdhrjgtcl Jgekghsjc dcsjl dhdprkyhasjacg cecgyc phrtudoulcg hakgkdj shohscr 0,8% pcec tclug ?>3?.
Lkwhvhr, sjgmh tlh hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg Jgekghsjc js strkgfiy jg`iuhgmhe oy tlh frkwtl k` tlh ekdhstjm mkgsudptjkg, tlh Jgekghsjcg fkvhrgdhgt stjii hxphmts cg hmkgkdjm frkwtl k` 0.8% jg ?>3?.
Cecgyc phrjgfact Jgvhstdhgt Frceh ycgf ejtugbcgf kihl pkthgsj dcraht ecicd ghfhrj ecg sudohr ecyc cicd ycgf ohscr dhrupcacg `catkr utcdc phgekrkgf phgjgfactcg ’ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt— ej Jgekghsjc. Ocecg Akkrejgcsj ^hgcgcdcg Dkeci (OA^D) dhdprkyhasjacg cecgyc cijrcg jgvhstcsj ecrj dcgmcghfcrc shajtcr ?:> trjijug shpcgbcgf tclug ?>3? (sudohr2 h-pcphr Ghrcmc.mkd, 0 @horucrj ?>3?).
Ulh Jgvhstdhgt Frceh rctjgf cge cisk suppkrthe oy tlh lufh pkthgtjci ekdhstjm dcraht cge tlh sjfgj`jmcgt gcturci rhskurmhs crh c dcbkr `cmtkr tlct suppkrt tlh jdprkvhdhgt k` ’ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt— jg Jgekghsjc. Ulh Okcre k` Mcpjtci Jgvhstdhgt Mkkrejgctjgf (OA^D) lcs prkbhmthe tlh ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt vciuhe ct ?:> trjiijkg jg ?>3?, jg wljml tlh ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt wjii oh hxphmthe cs c `krhjfg ejrhmt jgvhstdhgt (skurmh2 h-pcphr Ghrcmc.mkd1 @horucrj 0, ?>3?)
^hgjgfactcg jgvhstcsj cacg dhdoutulacg phgjgfactcg jg`rcstruatur, thrdcsua ejcgtcrcgyc phgjgfactcg jg`rcstruatur ahijstrjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj, ejdcgc ecicd lci jgj jgeustrj acohi dhrupcacg jgeustrj utcdc phgeuaugf jg`rcstruatur ahijstrjacg ecg thihakdugjacsj. Jgeustrj prkphrtj bufc ejycajgj dcsjl dhdpugycj phrtudoulcg ycgf ocja shicdc tclug ?>3? ecg lci jgj thgtugyc dhrupcacg pcscr ycgf scgfct pkthgsjci ocfj jgeustrj acohi.
Ulh Jgmrhcsjgf k` jgvhstdhgt wjii rhqujr h jg `rcstrumturh jdprkvhdhgts, jgmiuejgf cg jgmrhcsh jg hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg s jg`rcstrumturh, jg wljml tlh mcoih mcoih jgeustry js c dcbkr jgeustry tlct suppkrt hihmtrjmci cge thihmkddugjmctjkgs jg`rcstrumturh. ^rkphrty jgeustry js cisk ohijhvhe tk stjii lcvh fkke frkwtl eurjgf ?>3? cge jt js mhrtcjgiy c vhry fkke pkthgtjci dcraht `kr tlh mcoih jgeustry.
Kihl acrhgcgyc, dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg scgfct ycajg oclwc prkspha jgeustrj acohi tclug ?>3? dcsjl scgfct dhgbcgbjacg ycgf ejlcrcpacg cacg dhdouct ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg ej tclug ?>3? bufc dhgbcej ihojl ocja.
Ulhrh`krh, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dcgcfhdhgt ohijhvhs tlct mcoih jgeustry jg ?>3? js vhry prkdjsjgf cge jts phr`krdcgmh js hxphmthe tk jdprkvh jg ?>3?.
Caljrgyc, ctcs gcdc shiurul bcbcrcg Ejrhasj ^hrshrkcg, acdj dhgfumcpacg thrjdc acsjl ecg phgflcrfccg shtjgffjtjgffjgyc ahpcec Ehwcg Akdjscrjs, phdhfcgf sclcd ecg shfhgcp phdcgfau ahphgtjgfcg ctcs ahphrmcyccg ecg cprhsjcsj ycgf ejohrjacg shicdc jgj. ^hgflcrfccg ycgf scdc bufc acdj ohrjacg ugtua ehejacsj, ahrbc ahrcs ecg ikycijtcs shiurul acrycwcg shrtc djtrc ahrbc icjggyc.
@jgciiy, kg ohlci` k` cii dhdohrs k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, wh ijah tk tlcga cge cpprhmjcth tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs, slcrhlkiehrs cge cii stcahlkiehrs `kr tlh trusts cge cpprhmjctjkg. Vh cisk ijah tk tlcga cii hdpikyhhs cge ousjghss pcrtghrs `kr tlhjr ehejmctjkg, lcre wkra cge ikycijty.
]uryc C. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehgEjrhatur ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
^rkffii Ehwcg Ejrhasj Ulh Okcre K` Ejrhmtkrs‚ ^rkffiih
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^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ” ]uryc C. ]khpkgk
^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr ” ]uryc C. ]khpkgk
Dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur duicj tclug ?>3>, ejdcgc shohiudgyc phrgcl dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg ecrj tclug ?>>8 scdpcj ?>>6 ecg ejicgbutacg shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ecrj tclug ?>>6 scdpcj tclug ?>3> . Dhduicj acrjrgyc shocfcj ]cihs Dcgcbhr ej ^U ]jocihm (3:::-?>>>), shjrjgf ohrbcicggyc wcatu ahduejcg ohijcu dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf (?>>>-shacrcgf), Ejrhatur ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg (?>>3-shacrcgf), ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^U Lkthijgek Durgj (?>>0-shacrcgf) ecg Akdjscrjs ej ^U Hrejalc Hijt ]haurjtcs. Ohijcu dhdphrkihl fhicr ]crbcgc Hakgkdj ecrj Xgjvhrsjtcs Actlkija Ctdc Bcyc Bcacrtc.
^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr sjgmh ?>3>. ^rhvjkusiy, cs c ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr `rkd ?>>8 tk ?>>6 cge c Mkddjssjkghr `rkd ?>>6 tk ?>3>. Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr cs ]cihs Dcgcfhr k` ^U ]jocihm (3:::-?>>>), cge tlhg wcs cppkjgthe cs Ejrhmtkr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf (?>>> ugtji gkw), Ejrhmtkr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg (?>>3-gkw), ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr k` ^U Lkthijgek Durgj (?>>0-gkw) cge Mkddjssjkghr k` ^U Hrejalc Hijt ]haurjtcs. Lh hcrghe ljs hmkgkdjm ehfrhh `rkd Mctlkijm Xgjvhrsjty k` Ctdc Bcyc, Bcacrtc.
Ejrhatur ” Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk
Ejrhmtkr ” Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk
Dhgfcwcij acrjr shocfcj stc ej ^U @crdcsj ^hrtjwj ecg ahduejcg pcec tclug 3:6? scdpcj ehgfcg tclug ?>>6 ohahrbc ej ^U ]umcmk Uoa ehgfcg bcoctcg thrcaljr shocfcj shocfcj Ejrhatur. ^cec tclug ?>>6, ohijcu dhdhfcgf bcoctcg shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg scdpcj tclug ?>3>.
Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr cs c stc`` k` ^U @crdcsj ^hrtjwj cge `rkd 3:6? tk ?>>6, lh wkrahe `kr ^U ]umcmk Uoa wjtl ljs icst pksjtjkg cs c Ejrhmtkr. Ejrhmtkr. Jg ?>>6, lh wcs shrvjgf cs tlh ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr k` tlh Mkdpcgy ugtji ?>3>.
Ejrhatur ” Vjokwk Vjokwk
Ejrhmtkr ” Vjokwk
Iuiuscg JUO tclug 3:<< buruscg Uhagja Jgeustrj, dhgfcwcij acrjrgyc ej ^U ]umcmk Uoa. pcec tclug 3:<< shocfcj ^rkbhmt Hgfjghhr ]uphrvjskr. ^cec tclug ?>>< scdpcj ?>3> dhgbcoct shocfcj Pjmh ^rhsjehgt `kr ]phmjci Mcoih cge Hgcdhii Vjrh ^icgt ^U ]umcmk Uoa. ^cec tclug ?>3>, ohijcu ejphrmcyc ugtua dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg.
Frceucthe `rkd Jgeustrjci Hgfjghhrjgf @cmuity k` tlh Ocgeugf Jgstjtuth k` Uhmlgkikfy (JUO) jg 3:<<. Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr jg ^U ]umcmk Uoa. jg 3:<< cs ^rkbhmt Hgfjghhr ]uphrvjskr. @rkd ?>>< tk ?>3>, lh wcs tlh Pjmh ^rhsjehgt `kr ]phmjci Mcoih cge Hgcdhii Vjrh ^icgt ct ^U ]umcmk Uoa. Jg ?>3>, lh wcs hgtrusthe tk oh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Ejrhmtkr.
3. ]uryc C. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr
?. Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
=. Vjokwk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
I c p k r c g E h w c g E j r h a s j _ h p k r t @ r k d U l h O k c r e K ` E j r h m t k r s
Bcacrtc, Cprji. ?>3?
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?>
3:
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?3 ^ r k ffi i E h w c g E j r h a s j U l h O k c r e K ` E j r h m t k r s ‚ ^ r k ffi i h
?>
^rkffii Ehwcg Ejrhasj Ulh Okcre K` Ejrhmtkrs‚ ^rkffiih
?> h i ffi k r ^ ‚ s r k t m h r j E ` K e r c k O h l U j s a h r j E g c w h E i ffi k r ^
?
3
=
^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ” ]uryc C. ]khpkgk
^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr ” ]uryc C. ]khpkgk
Dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur duicj tclug ?>3>, ejdcgc shohiudgyc phrgcl dhgbcoct shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg ecrj tclug ?>>8 scdpcj ?>>6 ecg ejicgbutacg shocfcj Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ecrj tclug ?>>6 scdpcj tclug ?>3> . Dhduicj acrjrgyc shocfcj ]cihs Dcgcbhr ej ^U ]jocihm (3:::-?>>>), shjrjgf ohrbcicggyc wcatu ahduejcg ohijcu dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf (?>>>-shacrcgf), Ejrhatur ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg (?>>3-shacrcgf), ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^U Lkthijgek Durgj (?>>0-shacrcgf) ecg Akdjscrjs ej ^U Hrejalc Hijt ]haurjtcs. Ohijcu dhdphrkihl fhicr ]crbcgc Hakgkdj ecrj Xgjvhrsjtcs Actlkija Ctdc Bcyc Bcacrtc.
^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr sjgmh ?>3>. ^rhvjkusiy, cs c ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr `rkd ?>>8 tk ?>>6 cge c Mkddjssjkghr `rkd ?>>6 tk ?>3>. Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr cs ]cihs Dcgcfhr k` ^U ]jocihm (3:::-?>>>), cge tlhg wcs cppkjgthe cs Ejrhmtkr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf (?>>> ugtji gkw), Ejrhmtkr k` ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg (?>>3-gkw), ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr k` ^U Lkthijgek Durgj (?>>0-gkw) cge Mkddjssjkghr k` ^U Hrejalc Hijt ]haurjtcs. Lh hcrghe ljs hmkgkdjm ehfrhh `rkd Mctlkijm Xgjvhrsjty k` Ctdc Bcyc, Bcacrtc.
Ejrhatur ” Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk
Ejrhmtkr ” Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk
Dhgfcwcij acrjr shocfcj stc ej ^U @crdcsj ^hrtjwj ecg ahduejcg pcec tclug 3:6? scdpcj ehgfcg tclug ?>>6 ohahrbc ej ^U ]umcmk Uoa ehgfcg bcoctcg thrcaljr shocfcj shocfcj Ejrhatur. ^cec tclug ?>>6, ohijcu dhdhfcgf bcoctcg shocfcj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg scdpcj tclug ?>3>.
Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr cs c stc`` k` ^U @crdcsj ^hrtjwj cge `rkd 3:6? tk ?>>6, lh wkrahe `kr ^U ]umcmk Uoa wjtl ljs icst pksjtjkg cs c Ejrhmtkr. Ejrhmtkr. Jg ?>>6, lh wcs shrvjgf cs tlh ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr k` tlh Mkdpcgy ugtji ?>3>.
Ejrhatur ” Vjokwk Vjokwk
Ejrhmtkr ” Vjokwk
Iuiuscg JUO tclug 3:<< buruscg Uhagja Jgeustrj, dhgfcwcij acrjrgyc ej ^U ]umcmk Uoa. pcec tclug 3:<< shocfcj ^rkbhmt Hgfjghhr ]uphrvjskr. ^cec tclug ?>>< scdpcj ?>3> dhgbcoct shocfcj Pjmh ^rhsjehgt `kr ]phmjci Mcoih cge Hgcdhii Vjrh ^icgt ^U ]umcmk Uoa. ^cec tclug ?>3>, ohijcu ejphrmcyc ugtua dhgbcoct shocfcj Ejrhatur ^hrshrkcg.
Frceucthe `rkd Jgeustrjci Hgfjghhrjgf @cmuity k` tlh Ocgeugf Jgstjtuth k` Uhmlgkikfy (JUO) jg 3:<<. Lh stcrthe ljs mcrhhr jg ^U ]umcmk Uoa. jg 3:<< cs ^rkbhmt Hgfjghhr ]uphrvjskr. @rkd ?>>< tk ?>3>, lh wcs tlh Pjmh ^rhsjehgt `kr ]phmjci Mcoih cge Hgcdhii Vjrh ^icgt ct ^U ]umcmk Uoa. Jg ?>3>, lh wcs hgtrusthe tk oh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Ejrhmtkr.
3. ]uryc C. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr
?. Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
=. Vjokwk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
ej thgfcl Ahrcdcjcg Dhgugtug scgf Ahmji Ihce tlh ]dcii
??
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?3 ^ r k ffi i E h w c g E j r h a s j U l h O k c r e K ` E j r h m t k r s ‚ ^ r k ffi i h
ej thgfcl Ahrcdcjcg Dhgugtug scgf Ahmji Ihce tlh ]dcii
??
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cdpcj Ohrejrj Uhfcr Xgtji ]tcge @jrd
?8
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cdpcj Ohrejrj Uhfcr Xgtji ]tcge @jrd
?8
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?0
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Jaltjscr Ahucgfcg @jgcgmjci Ljflijflts
?0
?6
s t l f j i l f j L i c j m g c g j @ g c f g c u h A r c s j t l a J
J a l t j s c r A h u c g f c g @ j g c g m j c i L j f l i j f l t s
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?0
Jaltjscr Ahucgfcg @jgcgmjci Ljflijflts
?0
?6
s t l f j i l f j L i c j m g c g j @ g c f g c u h A r c s j t l a J
J a l t j s c r A h u c g f c g @ j g c g m j c i L j f l i j f l t s
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cct Dhgyucrcacg Vljih Hxprhssjgf
?<
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cct Dhgyucrcacg Vljih Hxprhssjgf
?<
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cct Dhdphrlctjacg Vljih ^cyjgf Ctthgtjkg
=3
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]cct Dhdphrlctjacg Vljih ^cyjgf Ctthgtjkg
=3
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=?
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgcijsc ecg ^hdoclcscg Xdud Kihl Dcgcbhdhg Dcgcfhdhgt‚s _hvjhw cge Cgciysjs
=? s g j h s y d i h c g b c C g e c g D c w l h h j i v K h _ d ‚ s u t g d h X d h g f c s c c g l c c o D d h ^
g c e c s j i c g C
3. UJGBCXCG K^H_C]J
3. K^H_CUJKGCI _HPJHV
]hthicl dhihwctj arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci ?>>< ecg ?>>:, phrahdocgfcg hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc dhgugbuaacg phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g ycgf muaup dhgffhdo dhgffhdojrcacg. jrcacg. Ejthgfcl jsu arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci shpcgbcgf tclug ?>33, Akgejsj phrhakgkdjcg Jgekghsjc ohrlcsji tudoul ehgfcg ocja. Ohrecscracg Ojrk ^usct ]tctjstja (O^]), phrtudoulcg hakgkdj tudoul 0,8% ej tclug ?>33 ecg Jgcsj Jgekghsjc Bcgucrj - Ehshdohr ?>33 ohrcec pcec ihvhi =,6:%. Mcecgfcg ehvjsc thrus tudoul dhghdous ejctcs 3>> djiycr Ekiicr C]. ]hicjg jtu ihdocfc phdhrjgfact jgthrgcsjkgci, @jtml _ctjgfs dhgjgfactacg phrjgfact jgvhstcsj Jgekghsjc pcec Ehshdohr ?>33 ecrj OO+ dhgbcej OOO- ycgf crtjgyc Jgekghsjc thrdcsua acthfkrj jgvhstdhgt frceh.
C`thr ugehrfkjgf c fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>>< cge ?>>:, Jgekghsjc hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt slkwhe c sjfgj`jmcgt frkwtl. Ehspjth fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>33, Jgekghsjc dcgcfhe tk dcjgtcjg c fkke hmkgkdjm frkwtl. Ocshe kg tlh Mhgtrci Ourhcu k` ]tctjstjms (O^]), Jgekghsjcg hmkgkdjm frkwtl frhw oy 0.8% jg ?>33 cge jts jg`ictjkg rcth `rkd Bcgucry tk Ehmhdohr ?>33 wcs =.6:%. Ulh `krhjfg hxmlcgfh rhshrvhs mkgtjguh tk frhw cge rhcmlhe cokvh 3>> ojiijkg X] Ekiicr. Jg ceejtjkg, cg jgthrgctjkgci rctjgf cfhgmy, @jtml _ctjgfs jgmrhcshe Jgekghsjc jgvhstdhgt rctjgf jg Ehmhdohr ?>33 `rkd OO+ tk OOO-, wljml dhcgs Jgekghsjc js mcthfkrjzhe jgtk jgvhstdhgt frceh.
^hrahdocgfcg akgejsj hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc ycgf ocja jgj bufc ejrcscacg pcec jgeustrj phracohicg ejdcgc phrdjgtccg acohi pcec tclug ?>33 muaup tjgffj ecg sjfgjffiacg ejocgejgfacg tclug ?>3>. Lci jgj thrutcdc ecicd dhdhgulj ahoutulcg ecicd ghfhrj ycgf dcsjl ohscr thrutcdc ehgfcg cecgyc dhfc prkyha phdocgfugcg pkwhr picgt, prkyha djgyca ecg fcs, rjthi ecg prkphrtj.
Uljs sjfgj`jmcgt hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt jg Jgekghsjc wcs cisk rh`ihmthe `rkd ljflhr ehdcge `kr mcoihs jg ?>33 mkdpcrhe tk tlct k` ?>3>. Jt wcs pcrtjmuicriy euh tk ljflhr ekdhstjm ghhes, suml cs `rkd dhfc prkbhmt k` pkwhr picgts, kj i cge fcs, cge prkphr ty.
^cec tclug ?>33 ^hrshrkcg ohrlcsji dhdouauacg phgbucicg shohscr _p <05,< djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg ucicg tclug ?>3> shohscr shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. ^hgjgfactcg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc cecgyc phgjgfactcg phgbucicg phgbucicg acohi ijstrja shohscr _p =>8 djiycr ctcu 0>,30% ycjtu ecrj _p 8>6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <3? djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
Jg ?>33 tlh Mkdpcgy lce ght scihs k` _p <05, < ojiijkg, cg jgmrhcsjgf k` _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk scihs jg ?>3> wljml wcs cdkugtjgf tk _p 85?,0 ojiijkg. Uljs wcs prjdcrjiy euh tk cg jgmrhcsjgf jg s cihs k` hi hmtrjmci mcoih k` _p =>8 ojiijkg kr 0>,30%, `rkd _p 8>6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <3? ojiijkg jg tlh yhcr ?>33.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
?. AJGH_BC AHXCGFCG
?. @JGCGMJCI ^H_ @K_DCGMH
c. Budicl Csht Budicl csht ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 5>=,? djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 05= djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr 8:,56%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phrshejccg ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p =8,5 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 330,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>33, shrtc dhgjgfactgyc pjutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 3>8,< djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3<= djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Csht tjeca icgmcr ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgjgfact ecrj _p ?=6,6 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p ?<=,5 djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
c. Cssht Ulh Mkdpcgy cssht lcs cg jgmrhcsjgf `rkd _p 5>=,? ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 05= ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr cg jgmrhcsjgf k` 8:,56%. Uljs wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s jgvhgtkrjhs `rkd _p =8,5 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 330,6 ojiijkg jg ?>33 cge tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs `rkd _p 3>8,< ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3<= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh gkg murrhgt cssht cisk jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?=6,6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p ?<=,5 ojiijkg jg ?>33.
o. Budicl Ijcojijtcs Budicl ijcojijtcs ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 368,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p =:<,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu dhgjgfact shohscr 3?6%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc lutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 338,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p =>8,= djiycr ejtclug ?>33. Ahgcjacg lutcgf usclc jgj ohracjtcg ehgfcg dhgjgfactgyc phdohijcg oclcg ocau acohi ugtua dhgugbcgf phrdjgtccg phicgffcg ycgf shdcajg dhgjgfact.
o. Ijcojijtjhs Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s ijcojijtjhs lcs cg jgmrhcsjgf `rkd _p 368,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p =:<,0 ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr cg jgmrhcsjgf k` 3?6%. Jt wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s cmmkugt pcycoih `rkd _p 338,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p =>8,= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh jgmrhcsjgf k` trceh pcycoih js rhicthe tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh purmlcsjgf k` mcoih rcw dcthrjcis tk suppkrt frkwjgf mustkdhr ehdcges.
m. ^hgbucicg ^cec tclug ?>33, ^hgbucicg ^hrshrkcg cecicl shohscr _p <05,< djiycr, dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg tclug ?>3> ycgf shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. ^hgjgfactcg ^hgjgfactcg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc cecgyc phgjgfactcg phgbucicg acohi ijstrja shohscr _p =>8 djiycr ctcu 0>,30% ycjtu ecrj _p 8>6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <3? djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
m. ]cihs Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s scihs wcs rhmkrehe ct _p <05,< ojiijkg, kr lce jgmrhcsjgf k` _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk _p 85?,0 ojiijkg wljml wcs rhmkrehe jg ?>3>. Uljs js pcrtjmuicriy euh tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` scihs k` hihmtrjmjty mcoihs tktcijgf _p =>8 ojiijkg kr 0>.30% `rkd _p 8>6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <3? ojiijkg jg ?>33.
e. Ohocg Xsclc Ohocg usclc ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 58 djiycr, dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr _p 3:,= djiycr ctcu 68% ecrj _p ?8,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3>. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc ojcyc phgbucicg ecg phdcscrcg, rufj aurs ecg ohocg ahucgfcg.
e. Kphrctjgf hxphgshs Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s kphrctjgf hxphgshs jg ?>33 wcs _p 58 ojiijkg, kr lcs jgmrhcsjgf oy _p 3:,= ojiijkg kr 68% mkdpcrhe wjtl _p ?8,6 ojiijkg jg ?>3>. Uljs wcs euh tk k` tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` shiijgf jg dcrahtjgf hxphgshs, `krhx hxmlcgfh iksshs cge `jgcgmjci hxphgshs.
h. Icoc Akdprhlhgsj` Uclug Uclug Ohrbcicg Icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 3: djiycr, dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr _p 38,3 djiycr ctcu =<:,>0% ecrj _p =,: djiycr ejtclug ?>3>. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phgbucicg ycgf muaup sjfgjffiacg.
h. Murrhgt Zhcr Mkdprhlhgsjvh ^rk`jt Murrhgt yhcr mkdphrhlhgsjvh prk`jt jg ?>33 wcs _p 3: ojiijkg, wljml wcs jgmrhcshe oy _p 38,3 ojiijkg kr =<:,>0% `rkd _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3>. Uljs wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` scihs sjfgj`jmcgtiy.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
== D C g c c g c i j f s h c d e h c g g t ^ ‚ h s _ d h o v j c h l w c c s g c e g C X g c d i u y d s j s K i h l D c g c b h d h g
=?
Cgcijsc ecg ^hdoclcscg Xdud Kihl Dcgcbhdhg Dcgcfhdhgt‚s _hvjhw cge Cgciysjs
=? s g j h s y d i c h g b c C g e c g D c l w h h j i v K h _ d ‚ s t u d g h X d g h f c c s c g l c c o D d h ^ g c e c s j i c g C
3. UJGBCXCG K^H_C]J
3. K^H_CUJKGCI _HPJHV
]hthicl dhihwctj arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci ?>>< ecg ?>>:, phrahdocgfcg hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc dhgugbuaacg phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g ycgf muaup dhgffhdo dhgffhdojrcacg. jrcacg. Ejthgfcl jsu arjsjs hakgkdj fikoci shpcgbcgf tclug ?>33, Akgejsj phrhakgkdjcg Jgekghsjc ohrlcsji tudoul ehgfcg ocja. Ohrecscracg Ojrk ^usct ]tctjstja (O^]), phrtudoulcg hakgkdj tudoul 0,8% ej tclug ?>33 ecg Jgcsj Jgekghsjc Bcgucrj - Ehshdohr ?>33 ohrcec pcec ihvhi =,6:%. Mcecgfcg ehvjsc thrus tudoul dhghdous ejctcs 3>> djiycr Ekiicr C]. ]hicjg jtu ihdocfc phdhrjgfact jgthrgcsjkgci, @jtml _ctjgfs dhgjgfactacg phrjgfact jgvhstcsj Jgekghsjc pcec Ehshdohr ?>33 ecrj OO+ dhgbcej OOO- ycgf crtjgyc Jgekghsjc thrdcsua acthfkrj jgvhstdhgt frceh.
C`thr ugehrfkjgf c fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>>< cge ?>>:, Jgekghsjc hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt slkwhe c sjfgj`jmcgt frkwtl. Ehspjth fikoci hmkgkdjm mrjsjs jg ?>33, Jgekghsjc dcgcfhe tk dcjgtcjg c fkke hmkgkdjm frkwtl. Ocshe kg tlh Mhgtrci Ourhcu k` ]tctjstjms (O^]), Jgekghsjcg hmkgkdjm frkwtl frhw oy 0.8% jg ?>33 cge jts jg`ictjkg rcth `rkd Bcgucry tk Ehmhdohr ?>33 wcs =.6:%. Ulh `krhjfg hxmlcgfh rhshrvhs mkgtjguh tk frhw cge rhcmlhe cokvh 3>> ojiijkg X] Ekiicr. Jg ceejtjkg, cg jgthrgctjkgci rctjgf cfhgmy, @jtml _ctjgfs jgmrhcshe Jgekghsjc jgvhstdhgt rctjgf jg Ehmhdohr ?>33 `rkd OO+ tk OOO-, wljml dhcgs Jgekghsjc js mcthfkrjzhe jgtk jgvhstdhgt frceh.
^hrahdocgfcg akgejsj hakgkdj ej Jgekghsjc ycgf ocja jgj bufc ejrcscacg pcec jgeustrj phracohicg ejdcgc phrdjgtccg acohi pcec tclug ?>33 muaup tjgffj ecg sjfgjffiacg ejocgejgfacg tclug ?>3>. Lci jgj thrutcdc ecicd dhdhgulj ahoutulcg ecicd ghfhrj ycgf dcsjl ohscr thrutcdc ehgfcg cecgyc dhfc prkyha phdocgfugcg pkwhr picgt, prkyha djgyca ecg fcs, rjthi ecg prkphrtj.
Uljs sjfgj`jmcgt hmkgkdjm ehvhikpdhgt jg Jgekghsjc wcs cisk rh`ihmthe `rkd ljflhr ehdcge `kr mcoihs jg ?>33 mkdpcrhe tk tlct k` ?>3>. Jt wcs pcrtjmuicriy euh tk ljflhr ekdhstjm ghhes, suml cs `rkd dhfc prkbhmt k` pkwhr picgts, kj i cge fcs, cge prkphr ty.
^cec tclug ?>33 ^hrshrkcg ohrlcsji dhdouauacg phgbucicg shohscr _p <05,< djiycr dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg ucicg tclug ?>3> shohscr shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. ^hgjgfactcg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc cecgyc phgjgfactcg phgbucicg phgbucicg acohi ijstrja shohscr _p =>8 djiycr ctcu 0>,30% ycjtu ecrj _p 8>6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <3? djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
Jg ?>33 tlh Mkdpcgy lce ght scihs k` _p <05, < ojiijkg, cg jgmrhcsjgf k` _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk scihs jg ?>3> wljml wcs cdkugtjgf tk _p 85?,0 ojiijkg. Uljs wcs prjdcrjiy euh tk cg jgmrhcsjgf jg s cihs k` hi hmtrjmci mcoih k` _p =>8 ojiijkg kr 0>,30%, `rkd _p 8>6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <3? ojiijkg jg tlh yhcr ?>33.
?. AJGH_BC AHXCGFCG
?. @JGCGMJCI ^H_ @K_DCGMH
c. Budicl Csht Budicl csht ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 5>=,? djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 05= djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr 8:,56%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phrshejccg ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p =8,5 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 330,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>33, shrtc dhgjgfactgyc pjutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 3>8,< djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p 3<= djiycr ej tclug ?>33. Csht tjeca icgmcr ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgjgfact ecrj _p ?=6,6 djiycr pcec tclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p ?<=,5 djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
c. Cssht Ulh Mkdpcgy cssht lcs cg jgmrhcsjgf `rkd _p 5>=,? ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 05= ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr cg jgmrhcsjgf k` 8:,56%. Uljs wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s jgvhgtkrjhs `rkd _p =8,5 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 330,6 ojiijkg jg ?>33 cge tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs `rkd _p 3>8,< ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p 3<= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh gkg murrhgt cssht cisk jgmrhcshe `rkd _p ?=6,6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p ?<=,5 ojiijkg jg ?>33.
o. Budicl Ijcojijtcs Budicl ijcojijtcs ^hrshrkcg dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg ecrj _p 368,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p =:<,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>33 ctcu dhgjgfact shohscr 3?6%. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc lutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ecrj _p 338,0 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p =>8,= djiycr ejtclug ?>33. Ahgcjacg lutcgf usclc jgj ohracjtcg ehgfcg dhgjgfactgyc phdohijcg oclcg ocau acohi ugtua dhgugbcgf phrdjgtccg phicgffcg ycgf shdcajg dhgjgfact.
o. Ijcojijtjhs Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s ijcojijtjhs lcs cg jgmrhcsjgf `rkd _p 368,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p =:<,0 ojiijkg jg ?>33 kr cg jgmrhcsjgf k` 3?6%. Jt wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s cmmkugt pcycoih `rkd _p 338,0 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p =>8,= ojiijkg jg ?>33. Ulh jgmrhcsjgf k` trceh pcycoih js rhicthe tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` tlh purmlcsjgf k` mcoih rcw dcthrjcis tk suppkrt frkwjgf mustkdhr ehdcges.
m. ^hgbucicg ^cec tclug ?>33, ^hgbucicg ^hrshrkcg cecicl shohscr _p <05,< djiycr, dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg shohscr _p =??,3 djiycr ctcu 8:,=<% bjac ejocgejgfacg phgbucicg tclug ?>3> ycgf shohscr _p 85?,0 djiycr. ^hgjgfactcg ^hgjgfactcg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc cecgyc phgjgfactcg phgbucicg acohi ijstrja shohscr _p =>8 djiycr ctcu 0>,30% ycjtu ecrj _p 8>6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3> dhgbcej _p <3? djiycr ejtclug ?>33.
m. ]cihs Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s scihs wcs rhmkrehe ct _p <05,< ojiijkg, kr lce jgmrhcsjgf k` _p =??,3 ojiijkg kr 8:,=<% mkdpcrhe tk _p 85?,0 ojiijkg wljml wcs rhmkrehe jg ?>3>. Uljs js pcrtjmuicriy euh tk tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` scihs k` hihmtrjmjty mcoihs tktcijgf _p =>8 ojiijkg kr 0>.30% `rkd _p 8>6 ojiijkg jg ?>3> tk _p <3? ojiijkg jg ?>33.
e. Ohocg Xsclc Ohocg usclc ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 58 djiycr, dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr _p 3:,= djiycr ctcu 68% ecrj _p ?8,6 djiycr ejtclug ?>3>. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc ojcyc phgbucicg ecg phdcscrcg, rufj aurs ecg ohocg ahucgfcg.
e. Kphrctjgf hxphgshs Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s kphrctjgf hxphgshs jg ?>33 wcs _p 58 ojiijkg, kr lcs jgmrhcsjgf oy _p 3:,= ojiijkg kr 68% mkdpcrhe wjtl _p ?8,6 ojiijkg jg ?>3>. Uljs wcs euh tk k` tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` shiijgf jg dcrahtjgf hxphgshs, `krhx hxmlcgfh iksshs cge `jgcgmjci hxphgshs.
h. Icoc Akdprhlhgsj` Uclug Uclug Ohrbcicg Icoc akdprhlhgsj` tclug ohrbcicg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ?>33 cecicl shohscr _p 3: djiycr, dhgfcicdj ahgcjacg shohscr _p 38,3 djiycr ctcu =<:,>0% ecrj _p =,: djiycr ejtclug ?>3>. Ahgcjacg jgj thrutcdc ejshocoacg acrhgc dhgjgfactgyc phgbucicg ycgf muaup sjfgjffiacg.
h. Murrhgt Zhcr Mkdprhlhgsjvh ^rk`jt Murrhgt yhcr mkdphrhlhgsjvh prk`jt jg ?>33 wcs _p 3: ojiijkg, wljml wcs jgmrhcshe oy _p 38,3 ojiijkg kr =<:,>0% `rkd _p =,: ojiijkg jg ?>3>. Uljs wcs mcushe oy tlh jgmrhcsjgf k` scihs sjfgj`jmcgtiy.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=. ^HDOCZ ^HDOCZC_CG C_CG ^JXUCGF
=5 s g j h s y d i h c g b c C g e c g D c w l h h j i v K h _ d ‚ s u t g d h X d h g f c s c c g l c c o D d h ^
g c e c s j i c g C
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
LXUCGF
ECG
AKIHAUJOJIJUC]
=. U_CEH ^CZCOIH ^CZDHGU CGE U_CEH _HMHJPCOIH] MKIIHMUJKG
_ctc-rctc phdocycrcg lutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ej tclug ?>33 cecicl :6 lcrj ecg 6> lcrj ugtua tclug ?>3>. ]hecgfacg rctc-rctc Akihatjojijtcs pjutcgf cecicl 03 lcrj ej tclug ?>33 ecg 85 lcrj ugtua tclug ?>3>.
Ulh cvhrcfh Urceh ^cycoih k` tlh Mkdpcgy whrh :6 ecys jg ?>33 cge 6> ecys jg ?>3>, dhcgwljih tlh cvhrcfh kutstcgejgf mkiihmtjoih k` trceh cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs whrh 03 ecys jg ?>33 cge 85 ecys jg ?>3>.
5. JG@K_DC]J ECG @CAUC DCUH_JCI ZCGF UH_BCEJ ]HUHICL UCGFFCI IC^K_CG CAXGUCG]J
5. JG@K_DCUJKG CGE DCUH_JCI @CMU] ULCU UKKA ^ICMH C@UH_ ULH ECUH K@ CXEJU _H^K_U
Ujeca cec jg`krdcsj ecg `catc `catc dcthrjci ycgf thrbcej shthicl tcgffci icpkrcg caugtcgsj.
Ulhrh wcs gk dcthrjci jg`krdctjkgs cge `cmts whrh tcajgf picmh c`thr tlh cuejt r hpkrt ecth.
8. ^_K]^HA X]CLC
8. OX]JGH]] ^_K]^HMU
Ehgfcg phrtudoulcg hakgkdj ecicd ohohrcpc tclug thrcaljr shajtcr 0% - 6%, shdhgtcrc prkeuasj ijstrja lcgyc tudoul shajtcr 0,?<% phr tclug. ^hdocgfugcg phdocgfajt ocru pug ejphriuacg ugtua dhgcdocl acpcsjtcs ijstrja, cfcr ecpct dhgfctcsj thrbcejgyc thrbcejgyc arjsjs pcskacg ijstrja, ycgf ecicd bcgfac pcgbcgf cacg ecpct dhdphricdoct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj Jgekghsjc. ^hrdjgtccg jgj ejphrajrcacg cacg dhgjgfactacg akgsudsj ctcs acohi ijstrja.
Vjtl c 0% - 6% hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg tlh pcst `hw yhcrs, cge kgiy 0,?<% jgmrhcsh jg hihmtrjmjty prkeumtjkg phr yhcr, jt js ghmhsscry tk hstcoijsl ghw pkwhr picgts tk jgmrhcsh pkwhr mcpcmjt y tk rhsk ivh pkwhr su ppiy mrjsj s, tk cvkje tlh mkgtrcmtjkg k` Jgekghsjc hmkgkdjm jg tlh `uturh jg wljml tljs wjii oh tlh pkthgtjci ehdcge k` mcoih mkgsudptjkg. Jt js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh tlh ehdcge `kr hihmtrjmjty mcoihs.
_csjk hihatrjffiacsj gcsjkgci pcec ?>3? ejphrajrcacg dhgjgfact ljgffc 68% ycgf shohiudgyc lcgyc shajtcr 0>% ecrj tktci dcsycrcact ycgf thicl dhgjadctj cijrcg ijstrja. ^cec tclug ?>3?, ^IG cacg dhgfcikacsjacg ohicgbc dkeci shohscr _p 0:,3 trjijug cgtcrc icjg ugtua2 _p ?6,= trjijug ugtua phdocgfajt, _p 3:,8 trjijug ugtua trcgsdjsj, _p 3?,0 trjijug ugtua ejstrjousj ecg _p :,6 trjijug ugtua phgeuaugf ojsgjs. Lci jgj ecpct dhgjgfactacg Ahoutulcg acohi ecicd ghfhrj, shljgffc dhrupcacg pcgfsc pcscr ycgf scgfct pkthgsjci ocfj ^hrshrkcg. Cpcicfj ahoutulcg ijstrja gcsjkgci 3> tclug ahehpcg ejphrajrcacg cacg thrus dhgjgfact rctc-rctc shohscr :,?% phr tclug. shljgffc lcrus ejjdocgfj ehgfcg jgvhstcsj ocru. Xgtua dhgfcgtjsjpcsj lci thrshout, ^hdhrjgtcl suecl dhrhgmcgcacg phdocgfugcg phdocgfajt ijstrja shohscr 88.>>> DV ugtua phgcdoclcg ijstrja wjicycl Bcwc ” Ocij, Jgekghsjc ocfjcg ocrct ecg tjdur.
Ulh gudohr k` pkpuictjkg wlk hgbky hihmtrjmjty jg tlh mkugtry js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh up tk 68% jg ?>3? `rkd krjfjgciiy 0>% jg ?>33. Jg ?>3?, tlh ]tcth Hihmtrjmjty Mkdpcgy (^IG) wjii ciikmcth _p 0:,3 trjiijkg mcpjtci `kr cdkgf ktlhrs k` pkwhr picgts1 _p ?6,= trjiijkg, _p 3:,8 trjiijkg `kr trcgsdjssjkg, _p 3?,0 trjiijkg `kr ejstrjoutjkg cge _p :,6 trjiijkg `kr ousjghss suppkrts. Jt dcy jgmrhcsh ekdhstjm ghhes `kr mcoihs, tlct jt js c vhry pkthgtjci dcraht shfdhgt `kr tlh Mkdpcgy. Ulh ekdhstjm ghhe `kr pkwhr jg tlh ghxt thg yhcrs js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh oy cvhrcfh :,?% phr cggud, cge tlhrh`krh, ghw jgvhstdhgt js rhqujrhe. Uk cgtjmjpcth jt, tlh Fkvhrgdhgt lcs picgghe tlh hstcoijsldhgt k` c pkwhr picgt wjtl c mcpcmjty k` 88,>>> DV tk jgmrhcsh pkwhr suppiy `kr Bcvc ” Ocij Jsicges, cge whsthrg cge hcsthrg pcrts k` Jgekghsjc.
^hdjgtccg acohi ecicd ghfhrj thrus dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg, ejdcgc scct jgj ^hdhrjgtcl shecgf dhicascgcacg prkyha ^hrmhpctcg ^hdocgfugcg Jg`rcstruatur ^hdocgfajt 3>.>>> DV tclcp J ecg JJ. ^rkyha tclcp J ejlcrcpacg ojsc ejshihscjacg pcec caljr tclug ?>33, shecgfacg ugtua tclcp ah JJ ejphrajrcacg shihscj pcec tclug ?>35, ycgf dcgc ecicd phicascgccggyc cacg ejocgfug jgstcicsj bcrjgfcg trcgsdjsj ecg ejicgbutacg ehgfcg bcrjgfcg ejstrjousj, cacg dhdoutulacg ocgyca akgeuatkr trcgsdjsj, acohi thfcgfcg tjgffj/dhghgfcl/ rhgecl, acohi akgtrki, eso.
Ekdhstjm ehdcge `kr mcoihs js hxphmthe tk mkgtjguh jgmrhcsjgf cs tlh Fkvhrgdhgt js murrhgtiy jdpihdhgtjgf cg Cmmhihrcthe ^rkbhmt `kr tlh Mkgstrumtjkg k` ^kwhr ^icgt Jg`rcstrumturh wjtl c mcpcmjty k` 3>.>>> DV k` plcshs J cge JJ. @jrst plcsh k` tljs prkbhmt js hxphmthe tk mkdpihth oy hge k` ?>33, wljih jts shmkge plcsh js hxphmthe tk mkdpihth oy hge k` ?>35. Eurjgf tlhsh plcshs, trcgsdjssjkg ghtwkra wjii oh jgstciihe cge tlhg `kiikwhe wjtl tlh jgstciictjkg k` ejstrjoutjkg ghtwkra, cge tlhy wjii rhqujrh dcgy trcgsdjssjkg mkgeumtkrs, ljfl/djeeih/ikw vkitcfh mcoihs, mkgtrki mcoihs htm. trcgsdjssjkg mkgeumtkrs, ljfl/djeeih/ ikw vkitcfh mcoihs, mkgtrki mcoihs htm.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
== D C g c c g i c s j f c h e d h c g g t ^ ‚ s h _ d h o v j c h l w c c s g c e g C X g d c i u y d s j s K i h l D c g c b h d h g
0. C]^HA ^HDC]C_CG
0. DC_AHUJGF C]^HMU]
^hrshrkcg cacg thrus dhgjgfactacg pcgfsc pcscrgyc dhiciuj phriucscg mcaupcg ecg vcrjcsj bhgjs prkeua, dhdphrauct bcrjgfcg phdcscrcg, dhgjgfactacg ecyc scjgf prkeua ecrj lcrfc buci, dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs prkeua acohi ecg ahthrshejccg stka acohi.
Ulh Mkdpcgy wjii mkgtjguh tk jdprkvh jts dcraht shfdhgt oy hxpcgejgf jts mkvhrcfh cge typhs k` prkeumts, jdprkvjgf jts dcraht ghtwkra, prkeumt mkdphtjtjvhghss cge shiijgf prjmh, qucijty k` mcoih prkeumts cge cvcjicojijty k` stkmas.
6. AHOJBCACG EJPJEHG
6. EJPJEHGE ^KIJMZ
^hdocycrcg ctcu phdocfjcg ejvjehg ejthgtuacg ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd (_X^]) tclugcg. ^cec tclug ?>33, _X^] ^hrshrkcg thicl dhghtcpacg phdocfjcg ejvjehg shohscr _p ?,- / sclcd ctcs ahugtugfcg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ouau ?>3>.
Ejvjehge pcydhgt slcii oh ehthrdjghe jg cg cgguci Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]). Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s FD] lcs ehmjehe tk pcy ejvjehge `kr cdkugt k` _p ?,- / slcrh `rkd tlh prk`jt wljml wcs fcjghe oy tlh Mkdpcgy jg ?>3>.
=8 D C g c c g c i j f s h c d e h c g g t ^ ‚ h s _ d h o v j c h l w c c s g c e g C X g c d i u y d s j s K i h l D c g c b h d h g
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=. ^HDOCZ ^HDOCZC_CG C_CG ^JXUCGF
=5 s g j h s y d i c h g b c C g e c g D c l w h h j i v K h _ d ‚ s t u d g h X d g h f c c s c g l c c o D d h ^ g c e c s j i c g C
LXUCGF
ECG
AKIHAUJOJIJUC]
=. U_CEH ^CZCOIH ^CZDHGU CGE U_CEH _HMHJPCOIH] MKIIHMUJKG
_ctc-rctc phdocycrcg lutcgf usclc ^hrshrkcg ej tclug ?>33 cecicl :6 lcrj ecg 6> lcrj ugtua tclug ?>3>. ]hecgfacg rctc-rctc Akihatjojijtcs pjutcgf cecicl 03 lcrj ej tclug ?>33 ecg 85 lcrj ugtua tclug ?>3>.
Ulh cvhrcfh Urceh ^cycoih k` tlh Mkdpcgy whrh :6 ecys jg ?>33 cge 6> ecys jg ?>3>, dhcgwljih tlh cvhrcfh kutstcgejgf mkiihmtjoih k` trceh cmmkugt rhmhjvcoihs whrh 03 ecys jg ?>33 cge 85 ecys jg ?>3>.
5. JG@K_DC]J ECG @CAUC DCUH_JCI ZCGF UH_BCEJ ]HUHICL UCGFFCI IC^K_CG CAXGUCG]J
5. JG@K_DCUJKG CGE DCUH_JCI @CMU] ULCU UKKA ^ICMH C@UH_ ULH ECUH K@ CXEJU _H^K_U
Ujeca cec jg`krdcsj ecg `catc `catc dcthrjci ycgf thrbcej shthicl tcgffci icpkrcg caugtcgsj.
Ulhrh wcs gk dcthrjci jg`krdctjkgs cge `cmts whrh tcajgf picmh c`thr tlh cuejt r hpkrt ecth.
8. ^_K]^HA X]CLC
8. OX]JGH]] ^_K]^HMU
Ehgfcg phrtudoulcg hakgkdj ecicd ohohrcpc tclug thrcaljr shajtcr 0% - 6%, shdhgtcrc prkeuasj ijstrja lcgyc tudoul shajtcr 0,?<% phr tclug. ^hdocgfugcg phdocgfajt ocru pug ejphriuacg ugtua dhgcdocl acpcsjtcs ijstrja, cfcr ecpct dhgfctcsj thrbcejgyc thrbcejgyc arjsjs pcskacg ijstrja, ycgf ecicd bcgfac pcgbcgf cacg ecpct dhdphricdoct phrtudoulcg hakgkdj Jgekghsjc. ^hrdjgtccg jgj ejphrajrcacg cacg dhgjgfactacg akgsudsj ctcs acohi ijstrja.
Vjtl c 0% - 6% hmkgkdjm frkwtl jg tlh pcst `hw yhcrs, cge kgiy 0,?<% jgmrhcsh jg hihmtrjmjty prkeumtjkg phr yhcr, jt js ghmhsscry tk hstcoijsl ghw pkwhr picgts tk jgmrhcsh pkwhr mcpcmjt y tk rhsk ivh pkwhr su ppiy mrjsj s, tk cvkje tlh mkgtrcmtjkg k` Jgekghsjc hmkgkdjm jg tlh `uturh jg wljml tljs wjii oh tlh pkthgtjci ehdcge k` mcoih mkgsudptjkg. Jt js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh tlh ehdcge `kr hihmtrjmjty mcoihs.
_csjk hihatrjffiacsj gcsjkgci pcec ?>3? ejphrajrcacg dhgjgfact ljgffc 68% ycgf shohiudgyc lcgyc shajtcr 0>% ecrj tktci dcsycrcact ycgf thicl dhgjadctj cijrcg ijstrja. ^cec tclug ?>3?, ^IG cacg dhgfcikacsjacg ohicgbc dkeci shohscr _p 0:,3 trjijug cgtcrc icjg ugtua2 _p ?6,= trjijug ugtua phdocgfajt, _p 3:,8 trjijug ugtua trcgsdjsj, _p 3?,0 trjijug ugtua ejstrjousj ecg _p :,6 trjijug ugtua phgeuaugf ojsgjs. Lci jgj ecpct dhgjgfactacg Ahoutulcg acohi ecicd ghfhrj, shljgffc dhrupcacg pcgfsc pcscr ycgf scgfct pkthgsjci ocfj ^hrshrkcg. Cpcicfj ahoutulcg ijstrja gcsjkgci 3> tclug ahehpcg ejphrajrcacg cacg thrus dhgjgfact rctc-rctc shohscr :,?% phr tclug. shljgffc lcrus ejjdocgfj ehgfcg jgvhstcsj ocru. Xgtua dhgfcgtjsjpcsj lci thrshout, ^hdhrjgtcl suecl dhrhgmcgcacg phdocgfugcg phdocgfajt ijstrja shohscr 88.>>> DV ugtua phgcdoclcg ijstrja wjicycl Bcwc ” Ocij, Jgekghsjc ocfjcg ocrct ecg tjdur.
Ulh gudohr k` pkpuictjkg wlk hgbky hihmtrjmjty jg tlh mkugtry js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh up tk 68% jg ?>3? `rkd krjfjgciiy 0>% jg ?>33. Jg ?>3?, tlh ]tcth Hihmtrjmjty Mkdpcgy (^IG) wjii ciikmcth _p 0:,3 trjiijkg mcpjtci `kr cdkgf ktlhrs k` pkwhr picgts1 _p ?6,= trjiijkg, _p 3:,8 trjiijkg `kr trcgsdjssjkg, _p 3?,0 trjiijkg `kr ejstrjoutjkg cge _p :,6 trjiijkg `kr ousjghss suppkrts. Jt dcy jgmrhcsh ekdhstjm ghhes `kr mcoihs, tlct jt js c vhry pkthgtjci dcraht shfdhgt `kr tlh Mkdpcgy. Ulh ekdhstjm ghhe `kr pkwhr jg tlh ghxt thg yhcrs js hxphmthe tk jgmrhcsh oy cvhrcfh :,?% phr cggud, cge tlhrh`krh, ghw jgvhstdhgt js rhqujrhe. Uk cgtjmjpcth jt, tlh Fkvhrgdhgt lcs picgghe tlh hstcoijsldhgt k` c pkwhr picgt wjtl c mcpcmjty k` 88,>>> DV tk jgmrhcsh pkwhr suppiy `kr Bcvc ” Ocij Jsicges, cge whsthrg cge hcsthrg pcrts k` Jgekghsjc.
^hdjgtccg acohi ecicd ghfhrj thrus dhgfcicdj phgjgfactcg, ejdcgc scct jgj ^hdhrjgtcl shecgf dhicascgcacg prkyha ^hrmhpctcg ^hdocgfugcg Jg`rcstruatur ^hdocgfajt 3>.>>> DV tclcp J ecg JJ. ^rkyha tclcp J ejlcrcpacg ojsc ejshihscjacg pcec caljr tclug ?>33, shecgfacg ugtua tclcp ah JJ ejphrajrcacg shihscj pcec tclug ?>35, ycgf dcgc ecicd phicascgccggyc cacg ejocgfug jgstcicsj bcrjgfcg trcgsdjsj ecg ejicgbutacg ehgfcg bcrjgfcg ejstrjousj, cacg dhdoutulacg ocgyca akgeuatkr trcgsdjsj, acohi thfcgfcg tjgffj/dhghgfcl/ rhgecl, acohi akgtrki, eso.
Ekdhstjm ehdcge `kr mcoihs js hxphmthe tk mkgtjguh jgmrhcsjgf cs tlh Fkvhrgdhgt js murrhgtiy jdpihdhgtjgf cg Cmmhihrcthe ^rkbhmt `kr tlh Mkgstrumtjkg k` ^kwhr ^icgt Jg`rcstrumturh wjtl c mcpcmjty k` 3>.>>> DV k` plcshs J cge JJ. @jrst plcsh k` tljs prkbhmt js hxphmthe tk mkdpihth oy hge k` ?>33, wljih jts shmkge plcsh js hxphmthe tk mkdpihth oy hge k` ?>35. Eurjgf tlhsh plcshs, trcgsdjssjkg ghtwkra wjii oh jgstciihe cge tlhg `kiikwhe wjtl tlh jgstciictjkg k` ejstrjoutjkg ghtwkra, cge tlhy wjii rhqujrh dcgy trcgsdjssjkg mkgeumtkrs, ljfl/djeeih/ikw vkitcfh mcoihs, mkgtrki mcoihs htm. trcgsdjssjkg mkgeumtkrs, ljfl/djeeih/ ikw vkitcfh mcoihs, mkgtrki mcoihs htm.
0. C]^HA ^HDC]C_CG
0. DC_AHUJGF C]^HMU]
^hrshrkcg cacg thrus dhgjgfactacg pcgfsc pcscrgyc dhiciuj phriucscg mcaupcg ecg vcrjcsj bhgjs prkeua, dhdphrauct bcrjgfcg phdcscrcg, dhgjgfactacg ecyc scjgf prkeua ecrj lcrfc buci, dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs prkeua acohi ecg ahthrshejccg stka acohi.
Ulh Mkdpcgy wjii mkgtjguh tk jdprkvh jts dcraht shfdhgt oy hxpcgejgf jts mkvhrcfh cge typhs k` prkeumts, jdprkvjgf jts dcraht ghtwkra, prkeumt mkdphtjtjvhghss cge shiijgf prjmh, qucijty k` mcoih prkeumts cge cvcjicojijty k` stkmas.
6. AHOJBCACG EJPJEHG
6. EJPJEHGE ^KIJMZ
^hdocycrcg ctcu phdocfjcg ejvjehg ejthgtuacg ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd (_X^]) tclugcg. ^cec tclug ?>33, _X^] ^hrshrkcg thicl dhghtcpacg phdocfjcg ejvjehg shohscr _p ?,- / sclcd ctcs ahugtugfcg ^hrshrkcg pcec tclug ouau ?>3>.
Ejvjehge pcydhgt slcii oh ehthrdjghe jg cg cgguci Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]). Jg ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy‚s FD] lcs ehmjehe tk pcy ejvjehge `kr cdkugt k` _p ?,- / slcrh `rkd tlh prk`jt wljml wcs fcjghe oy tlh Mkdpcgy jg ?>3>.
=8 D C g c c g i c s j f c h e d h c g g t ^ ‚ s h _ d h o v j c h l w c c s g c e g C X g d c i u y d s j s K i h l D c g c b h d h g
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=0
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Uctc Ahikic ^hrshrkcg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh
=0 h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
^_JG]J^ UCUC AHIKIC ^H_]H_KCG
^_JGMJ^IH K@ FKKE MK_^K_CUH FKPH_GCGMH
Uctc ahikic phrusclccg (FMF) cecicl suctu rcgfacjcg prkshs ejdcgc prjgsjp prjgsjp ahthrouaccg, phrtcgffugf bcwcocg, jgehphgehgsj, ahwhgcgfcg ecg ahwcbjocg pjdpjgcg ecg phricaucg ceji ahpcec shtjcp phdcgfau ahphgtjgfcg (stcahlkiehr) ohrbcicg ehgfcg ocja. ^hrshrkcg dhghrcpacg FMF shmcrc prkpkrtjkgci ecg h`hatj` ejdcasueacg ugtua dhdohgtua sjsthd, struatur, ecg auitur ^hrshrkcg ycgf cecptj` thrlcecp phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g jaijd usclc pcec ududgyc ecg a lususgyc jgeustrj phdouctcg acohi ijstrja ecg thihakdugjacsj. ^hghrcpcg FMF cacg dcdpu dhdphrauct pksjsj ecyc scjgf ^hrshrkcg, phgfhikiccg sudohr-sudohr ecyc ecg dhgjgfactacg gjicj ^hrshrkcg.
Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh (FMF) js c prkmhss k` hgsurjgf prkphr hxhmutjkg k` p rjgmjpihs kg kphg ghss, cmmkugtcoj ijty, jgehphgehgmh, cutlkrjty cge koijfctjkgs k` ihcehrs cge `cjr trhctdhgt tk cii stcahlkiehrs. Ulh Mkdpcgy cppijhs FMF prkpkrtjkgciiy cge h``hmtjvhiy sk cs tk hstcoijsl cg cecptjvh systhd, strumturh cge muiturh tkwcre ousjghss ehvhikpdhgt jg fhghrci, cge hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg mcoih prkeumtjkg jg pcrtjmuicr. FMF js hxphmthe tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkdphtjtjvhghss, rhskurmh dcgcfhdhgt cge vciuhs.
^hrshrkcg, ecicd phghrcpcg prjgsjp-prjgsjp FMF thrmhrdjg ecicd phicascgccg tufcs ecg tcgffugf bcwco Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj, ahthrouaccg jg`krdcsj ^hrshrkcg shsucj ehgfcg ahthgtucg phrusclccg phrusclccg puoija ecg thrmctct ecg bufc phghrcpcg dcgcbhdhg rhsjak ecg phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci.
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s cppijmctjkg k` FMF prjgmjpihs js rh`ihmthe `rkd tlh jdpihdhgtctjkg k` tcsas cge koijfctjkgs k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, cge kphg jg`krdctjkg ocshe kg puoijm cge ijsthe mkdpcgy rhfuictjkgs cge tlh cppijmctjkg k` rjsa dcgcfhdhgt cge jgthrgci mkgtrki.
EHVCG AKDJ]C_J]
ULH OKC_E K@ MKDDJ]]JKGH_]
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ohrtcgffugf bcwco ecg ohrwhgcgf ecicd dhicauacg phgfcwcscg ctcs tjgecacg, ahojbcacg ecg ahputuscg Ejrhasj cfcr shsucj ehgfcg Cgffcrcg Ecscr, rhfuicsj ycgf ohricau ecg prjgsjp tctc ahikic phrusclccg ycgf ocja, shrtc dhdohrjacg gcsjlct ahpcec Ejrhasj ojic ejphriuacg.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs rhspkgsjoih cge cutlkrjzhe tk suphrvjsh tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs‚ cmtjkg, pkijmjhs cge ehmjsjkgs, tk mkdpiy wjtl tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmih k` Csskmjctjkg, prhvcjijgf rhfuictjkgs, cs whii cs fkke mkrpkrcth fkvhrgcgmh prjgmjpihs, cge cisk prkvjejgf cevjmh tk tlh ejrhmtkrs wlhg rhqujrhe.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ecicd dhicascgcacg ahfjctcg phgfcwcscg, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhwcajij ahphgtjgfcg phdhfcgf sclcd ecg ohrtcgffugf bcwco ahpcec _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd (_X^]).
Jg phr`krdjgf tlh suphrvjsjkg, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjk Mkddjssjkghrs ghrs rhprhshgts tlh slcrhlkiehrs‚ jgthrhst cge rhspkgsjoih tk tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]).
^crc cgffktc Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ejcgfact ecg ejohrlhgtjacg kihl _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs js hihmthe cge ehmkddjssjkghe oy tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs.
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thicl dhgfcecacg 0 (hgcd) acij _cpct Akdjscrjs ycgf ejlcejrj kihl Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ejrhasj ^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs lhie 0 (sjx) mkddjssjkghrs dhhtjgf1 cii whrh ctthgehe oy tlh dhdohr k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh dhdohr k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs.
EHVCG EJ_HA]J
ULH OKC_E K@ EJ_HMUK_]
]hsucj Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrshrkcg, Ejrhasj ohrlca ecg ohraucsc dhwcajij ecg dhgfjact ^hrshrkcg ej ecicd ecg ej iucr phgfcejicg ecg ohrlca dhicauacg ugtua ecg ctcs gcdc ^hrshrkcg shfcic phrouctcg phdjijacg ecg shfcic phrouctcg phgfuruscg shrtc dhdphrtcgffugfbcwcoacg phicascgccg tufcsgyc pcec _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd. ^crc cgffktc Ehwcg Ejrhasj ejcgfact ecg ejohrlhgtjacg kihl _cpct Xdud ^hdhfc ^hdhfcgf gf ]clcd.
Cmmkrejgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmih k` Csskmjctjkg, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcs tlh rjflts tk rhprhshgt tlh Mkdpcgy jg cge kut k` mkurt k` icw, cge lcs tlh rjflts tk cmt kg ohlci` k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge oh rhspkgsjoih `kr jts eutjhs jg `rkgt k` tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs. Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs crh hihmthe cge ehmkddjssjkghe oy tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs.
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Ehwcg Ejrhasj dhgfcecacg rcpct shtjecagyc shacij shouicg ctcu shtjcp wcatu ojic ejpcgecgf phriu kihl ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ctcu ctcs usuicg ecrj sctu ctcu ihojl cgffktc Ejrhasj. ]htjcp ouicg, Ehwcg Ejrhasj bufc dhicauacg rcpct ecg phrthducg-phrthducg phrthducg-phrthducg jg`krdci ehgfcg Dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg fugc dhdoclcs ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg, shljgffc phghrcpcg prjgsjp tctc ahikic phrusclccg ycgf ocja ecpct ohrahdocgf ej ijgfaugfcg ahrbc^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcs lhie c dhhtjgf jg ct ihcst kgmh c dkgtl kr hvhry tjdh tlh ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr `hhis tlct jt js ghmhsscry, kr ct ihcst kgh kr dkrh k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs `hhis tlct jt js ghmhsscry. Hvhry dkgtl, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cisk lhie Bkjgt Dhhtjgfs wjtl tlh dcgcfhdhgt cge shvhrci jg`krdci dhhtjgfs jg krehr tk hvciucth tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh, cge uplkie tlh prjgmjpihs k` fkke mkrpkrcth fkvhrgcgmh jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s wkrajgf hgvjrkgdhgt.
Ehwcg Ejrhasj shgcgtjcsc dhgfhdocgfacg ejrj ecg dhgfjautj phrahdocgfcg pcscr alususgyc pcscr acohi ecg ojecgf-ojecgf icjggyc ycgf thracjt ecg ojic ejphriuacg shtjcp Ejrhasj dhgfjautj phictjlcg-phictjlcg ecicd dhgcdocl phgfhtclucg ecg ahtrcdpjicg ej ojecgfgyc.
Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcvh ciwcys ahhp jg tkuml wjtl tlh icthst dcraht frkwtl, hsphmjciiy mcoih dcrahts cge ktlhr shmtjkgs rhicthe cge j` jt js jdpkrtcgt, hvhry trcjgjgfs wjii oh `kiikwhe oy tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg krehr tk hgmlcgmh tlhjr agkwihefh cge sajii kg tlhjr euty.
LKGK_C_JXD ECG _HDXGH_C]J EHVCG AKDJ]C_J] ECG EJ_HA]J
LKGK_C_JXD DHDOH_]
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ejrhasj dhghrjdc lkgkrcrjud ecg rhdughrcsj ycgf thicl ejctur ecicd Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg gjicj shocfcjdcgc ejthtcpacg ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd Uclugcg. Xgtua tclug ?>33, budicl lkgkrcrjud ecg rhdughrcsj ycgf ejthrjdc kihl Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj cecicl shohscr _p 3,:6 djiycr.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjsjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs rhmhjvh lkgkrcrjud cge rhdughrctjkg, tlh ejsourshdhgt k` wljml js prkvjehe `kr oy tlh Crtjmih Csskmjctjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy ct cg cdkugt tlct js ehthrdjghe oy Ulh Cgguci Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs. Ulh tktci lkgkrcrjud k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg ?>33 cdkugthe tk _p 3,:6 ojiijkg.
CGE
_HDXGH_CUJKG
K@
OKC_E
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=6 U c t c A h i k i c ^ h r s h r k c g F k k e M k r p k r c t h F k v h r g c g m h
=0
Uctc Ahikic ^hrshrkcg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh
=0 h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F
g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
^_JG]J^ UCUC AHIKIC ^H_]H_KCG
^_JGMJ^IH K@ FKKE MK_^K_CUH FKPH_GCGMH
Uctc ahikic phrusclccg (FMF) cecicl suctu rcgfacjcg prkshs ejdcgc prjgsjp prjgsjp ahthrouaccg, phrtcgffugf bcwcocg, jgehphgehgsj, ahwhgcgfcg ecg ahwcbjocg pjdpjgcg ecg phricaucg ceji ahpcec shtjcp phdcgfau ahphgtjgfcg (stcahlkiehr) ohrbcicg ehgfcg ocja. ^hrshrkcg dhghrcpacg FMF shmcrc prkpkrtjkgci ecg h`hatj` ejdcasueacg ugtua dhdohgtua sjsthd, struatur, ecg auitur ^hrshrkcg ycgf cecptj` thrlcecp phrahdocgfcg phrahdocgfc g jaijd usclc pcec ududgyc ecg a lususgyc jgeustrj phdouctcg acohi ijstrja ecg thihakdugjacsj. ^hghrcpcg FMF cacg dcdpu dhdphrauct pksjsj ecyc scjgf ^hrshrkcg, phgfhikiccg sudohr-sudohr ecyc ecg dhgjgfactacg gjicj ^hrshrkcg.
Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh (FMF) js c prkmhss k` hgsurjgf prkphr hxhmutjkg k` p rjgmjpihs kg kphg ghss, cmmkugtcoj ijty, jgehphgehgmh, cutlkrjty cge koijfctjkgs k` ihcehrs cge `cjr trhctdhgt tk cii stcahlkiehrs. Ulh Mkdpcgy cppijhs FMF prkpkrtjkgciiy cge h``hmtjvhiy sk cs tk hstcoijsl cg cecptjvh systhd, strumturh cge muiturh tkwcre ousjghss ehvhikpdhgt jg fhghrci, cge hihmtrjmjty cge thihmkddugjmctjkg mcoih prkeumtjkg jg pcrtjmuicr. FMF js hxphmthe tk jdprkvh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s mkdphtjtjvhghss, rhskurmh dcgcfhdhgt cge vciuhs.
^hrshrkcg, ecicd phghrcpcg prjgsjp-prjgsjp FMF thrmhrdjg ecicd phicascgccg tufcs ecg tcgffugf bcwco Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj, ahthrouaccg jg`krdcsj ^hrshrkcg shsucj ehgfcg ahthgtucg phrusclccg phrusclccg puoija ecg thrmctct ecg bufc phghrcpcg dcgcbhdhg rhsjak ecg phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci.
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s cppijmctjkg k` FMF prjgmjpihs js rh`ihmthe `rkd tlh jdpihdhgtctjkg k` tcsas cge koijfctjkgs k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs, cge kphg jg`krdctjkg ocshe kg puoijm cge ijsthe mkdpcgy rhfuictjkgs cge tlh cppijmctjkg k` rjsa dcgcfhdhgt cge jgthrgci mkgtrki.
EHVCG AKDJ]C_J]
ULH OKC_E K@ MKDDJ]]JKGH_]
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ohrtcgffugf bcwco ecg ohrwhgcgf ecicd dhicauacg phgfcwcscg ctcs tjgecacg, ahojbcacg ecg ahputuscg Ejrhasj cfcr shsucj ehgfcg Cgffcrcg Ecscr, rhfuicsj ycgf ohricau ecg prjgsjp tctc ahikic phrusclccg ycgf ocja, shrtc dhdohrjacg gcsjlct ahpcec Ejrhasj ojic ejphriuacg.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs rhspkgsjoih cge cutlkrjzhe tk suphrvjsh tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs‚ cmtjkg, pkijmjhs cge ehmjsjkgs, tk mkdpiy wjtl tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmih k` Csskmjctjkg, prhvcjijgf rhfuictjkgs, cs whii cs fkke mkrpkrcth fkvhrgcgmh prjgmjpihs, cge cisk prkvjejgf cevjmh tk tlh ejrhmtkrs wlhg rhqujrhe.
Ecicd dhicascgcacg ahfjctcg phgfcwcscg, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs dhwcajij ahphgtjgfcg phdhfcgf sclcd ecg ohrtcgffugf bcwco ahpcec _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd (_X^]).
Jg phr`krdjgf tlh suphrvjsjkg, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjk Mkddjssjkghrs ghrs rhprhshgts tlh slcrhlkiehrs‚ jgthrhst cge rhspkgsjoih tk tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]).
^crc cgffktc Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ejcgfact ecg ejohrlhgtjacg kihl _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs js hihmthe cge ehmkddjssjkghe oy tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs.
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thicl dhgfcecacg 0 (hgcd) acij _cpct Akdjscrjs ycgf ejlcejrj kihl Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ejrhasj ^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs lcs lhie 0 (sjx) mkddjssjkghrs dhhtjgf1 cii whrh ctthgehe oy tlh dhdohr k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh dhdohr k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs.
EHVCG EJ_HA]J
ULH OKC_E K@ EJ_HMUK_]
]hsucj Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrshrkcg, Ejrhasj ohrlca ecg ohraucsc dhwcajij ecg dhgfjact ^hrshrkcg ej ecicd ecg ej iucr phgfcejicg ecg ohrlca dhicauacg ugtua ecg ctcs gcdc ^hrshrkcg shfcic phrouctcg phdjijacg ecg shfcic phrouctcg phgfuruscg shrtc dhdphrtcgffugfbcwcoacg phicascgccg tufcsgyc pcec _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd. ^crc cgffktc Ehwcg Ejrhasj ejcgfact ecg ejohrlhgtjacg kihl _cpct Xdud ^hdhfc ^hdhfcgf gf ]clcd.
Cmmkrejgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmih k` Csskmjctjkg, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcs tlh rjflts tk rhprhshgt tlh Mkdpcgy jg cge kut k` mkurt k` icw, cge lcs tlh rjflts tk cmt kg ohlci` k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge oh rhspkgsjoih `kr jts eutjhs jg `rkgt k` tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs. Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs crh hihmthe cge ehmkddjssjkghe oy tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs.
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Ehwcg Ejrhasj dhgfcecacg rcpct shtjecagyc shacij shouicg ctcu shtjcp wcatu ojic ejpcgecgf phriu kihl ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ctcu ctcs usuicg ecrj sctu ctcu ihojl cgffktc Ejrhasj. ]htjcp ouicg, Ehwcg Ejrhasj bufc dhicauacg rcpct ecg phrthducg-phrthducg phrthducg-phrthducg jg`krdci ehgfcg Dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg fugc dhdoclcs ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg, shljgffc phghrcpcg prjgsjp tctc ahikic phrusclccg ycgf ocja ecpct ohrahdocgf ej ijgfaugfcg ahrbc^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcs lhie c dhhtjgf jg ct ihcst kgmh c dkgtl kr hvhry tjdh tlh ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr `hhis tlct jt js ghmhsscry, kr ct ihcst kgh kr dkrh k` tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs `hhis tlct jt js ghmhsscry. Hvhry dkgtl, tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs cisk lhie Bkjgt Dhhtjgfs wjtl tlh dcgcfhdhgt cge shvhrci jg`krdci dhhtjgfs jg krehr tk hvciucth tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh, cge uplkie tlh prjgmjpihs k` fkke mkrpkrcth fkvhrgcgmh jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s wkrajgf hgvjrkgdhgt.
Ehwcg Ejrhasj shgcgtjcsc dhgfhdocgfacg ejrj ecg dhgfjautj phrahdocgfcg pcscr alususgyc pcscr acohi ecg ojecgf-ojecgf icjggyc ycgf thracjt ecg ojic ejphriuacg shtjcp Ejrhasj dhgfjautj phictjlcg-phictjlcg ecicd dhgcdocl phgfhtclucg ecg ahtrcdpjicg ej ojecgfgyc.
Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs lcvh ciwcys ahhp jg tkuml wjtl tlh icthst dcraht frkwtl, hsphmjciiy mcoih dcrahts cge ktlhr shmtjkgs rhicthe cge j` jt js jdpkrtcgt, hvhry trcjgjgfs wjii oh `kiikwhe oy tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg krehr tk hgmlcgmh tlhjr agkwihefh cge sajii kg tlhjr euty.
LKGK_C_JXD ECG _HDXGH_C]J EHVCG AKDJ]C_J] ECG EJ_HA]J
LKGK_C_JXD DHDOH_]
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ejrhasj dhghrjdc lkgkrcrjud ecg rhdughrcsj ycgf thicl ejctur ecicd Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg gjicj shocfcjdcgc ejthtcpacg ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd Uclugcg. Xgtua tclug ?>33, budicl lkgkrcrjud ecg rhdughrcsj ycgf ejthrjdc kihl Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj cecicl shohscr _p 3,:6 djiycr.
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjsjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs rhmhjvh lkgkrcrjud cge rhdughrctjkg, tlh ejsourshdhgt k` wljml js prkvjehe `kr oy tlh Crtjmih Csskmjctjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy ct cg cdkugt tlct js ehthrdjghe oy Ulh Cgguci Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs. Ulh tktci lkgkrcrjud k` tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs jg ?>33 cdkugthe tk _p 3,:6 ojiijkg.
CGE
_HDXGH_CUJKG
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=< h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
K@
U c t c A h i k i c ^ h r s h r k c g F k k e M k r p k r c t h F k v h r g c g m h
OKC_E
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
AKDJUH CXEJU
CXEJU MKDDJUUHH MKDDJUUHH
^HGFHGECIJCG JGUH_GCI
JGUH_GCIMKGU_KIIJGF
Uufcs Akdjth Cuejt cecicl dhicauacg phgfcwcscg ctcs ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg, thricascgcgyc aucijtcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg ahpcec ocecg-ocecg ^hdhrjgtcl ecg puoija, sjsthd phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp ahucgfcg ecg caugtcsj, ahpctulcg thrlcecp htjac ecg luaud ycgf cec shrtc prkshs phicpkrcg cuejt ecg caugtcgsj ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg. Akdjth Cuejt bufc ohr`ugfsj shocfcj bhdoctcg phgfluougf cgtcrc phrshrkcg ehgfcg hasthrgci cuejtkr ycgf ejtugbua ^hrshrkcg ugtua dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg shrtc phdoclcscg ctcs mcaupcg ecg dhtkeh cuejt ycgf ejthrcpacg.
Ulh cjd k` Cuejt Mkddjtthh js tk dkgjtkr tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh, hgsurjgf tlh qucijty k` mkdpcgy `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt tk oh shgt tk Fkvhrgdhgt kr ktlhr puoijm pcrtjhs, dkgjtkrjgf tlh Mkdpcgy jgthrgci systhd tlrkufl cmmkugtjgf cge `jgcgmh, mkeh k` mkgeumt cge icw hg`krmhdhgt wjtljg tlh cuejt rhpkrt cge Mkdpcgy `jgcgmjci cmmkugtjgf. Ulh Cuejt Mkddjtthh cisk `ugmtjkgs cs dhejctkr ohtwhhg tlh Mkdpcgy cge hxthrgci cuejtkr cppkjgthe oy Mkdpcgy tk jdprkvh tlh `jgcgmjci rhpkrt qucijty cs whii cs tlh ejsmussjkg k` smkph cge dhtlke wrjtthg.
Ejrhasj dhicauacg hvciucsj thrlcecp sjsthd phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci ^hrshrkcg shejajtgyc shacij ecicd shtclug. Ejrhasj dhgbcdjg ahcosclcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg ejdcgc cgfac-cgfac ycgf thrmcgtud pcec icpkrcg thrshout dhdohrjacg fcdocrcg ycgf wcbcr ctcs ^hrshrkcg thrdcsua lcsji usclc ecg crus acs ugtua tclug ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs hvciucths tlh jgthrgci mkgtrkiijgf systhd k` tlh Mkdpcgy ct ihcst kgmh c yhcr. Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkr hgsurhs tlh jgehphgehgmh k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt. Ulh `jfurhs jg tlh rhpkrt fjvh ugehrstcgecoih ehsmrjptjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh jgmiuejgf jts prk`jts cge mcsl `ikws `kr tlh yhcr hgehe kg =3 Ehmhdohr ?>33.
_H]JAK X]CLC
OX]JGH]] _J]A]
Ecicd jgeustrj acohi, rhsjak usclc ycgf ejlcecpj ^hrshrkcg thrutcdc dhijputj lci-lci shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg mcoih jgeustry, tlh Mkdpcgy `cmhs `kiikwjgf ousjghss rjsas2
]usugcg ecrj Akdjth Cuejt ycgf cec ej ^hrshrkcg, threjrj ecrj 2
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s Cuejt Mkddjtthh mkgsjsts k`2
E. G. Cegycgc 2 Phrkgjmc Iuadcg 2 Ouej. J ]urocatj 2
E. G. Cegycgc 2 Phrkgjmc Iuadcg 2 Ouej. J ]urocatj 2
3. @iuatucsj lcrfc thdocfc ecg ciudjgjud shocfcj oclcg ocau utcdc acohi ycgf lcrfcgyc shgcgtjcsc ohruocl shtjcp scct shsucj lcrfc IDH (Ikgekg Dhtci Hxmlcgfh). Bjac lcrfc rctc-rctc thdocfc pcec caljr tclug ?>3> shohscr X]$ 6,8=8/DU ecg ciudjgjud cecicl X]$ ?,36=/DU, dcac pcec caljr tclug ?>33, lcrfc rctc-rctc thdocfc shohscr X]$ <,3/DU.
3. @iumtucthe prjmhs k` mkpphr cge ciudjgud, cs tlh dcjg rcw dcthrjcis k` mcoihs euh tk `iumtucthe prjmhs jg IDH (Ikgekg Dhtci Hxmlcgfh). J` tlh cvhrcfh prjmhs k` mkpphr oy hge k` ?>3> js X]$ 6, 8=8/DU c ge ciudjgud js X]$ ?,36=/DU, tlhg oy hge k` ?>33, tlh cvhrcfh prjmh k` mkpphr js X]$ <,3/DU.
?. @iuatucsj dctc ucgf X]E thrlcecp thrlcecp _upjcl
?. @iumtucthe hxmlcgfh rcth k` X]E cfcjgst _upjcl
=. ^hrscjgfcg ycgf ahtct ahtct ejcgtcrc pcorja acohi shljgffc shljgffc ohrpkthgsj dhghacg lcrfc buci ecg phrkihlcg icoc ^hrshrkcg.
=. Mik sh mkdphtjtjkg cdkgf mcoih picgts, wljml dcy rhsuit jg ikwhr shiijgf prjmhs cge c``hmt tlh Mkdpcgy‚s prk`jt.
5. Ehgfcg duicj ohricaugyc CM-@UC (Cshcg-Mljgc @rhh Urceh Crhc), dcac phrscjgfcg pcscr acohi bufc ejwcrgcj kihl ohrtcdoclgyc akdphtjsj ecrj pcrc jdpkrtjr prkeua ikaci Mljgc.
5. Vjtl tlh hgcmtdhgt k` CM-@UC (Cshcg-Mljgc @rhh Urceh Crhc), mkdphtjtjkg jg mcoih dcraht js tjflthr euh tk tlh prhshgmh k` mkdphtjtkrs `rkd ikmci jdpkrthrs k` Mljghsh prkeumts.
Ahtuc Cgffktc Cgffktc
Mlcjrdcg Dhdohr Dhdohr
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Akdjth Cuejt thicl dhgfcecacg rcpct shtjcp tjfc ouicg shacij ugtua dhdoclcs Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Ouicgcg ^hrshrkcg shrtc lci-lci icjg ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg sjstjd phgfhgecijcg jgthrg ^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, Cuejt Mkddjtthh lhie qucrthriy dhhtjgf tk ejsmuss tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dkgtliy `jgcgmjci rhpkrt cge ktlhr jssuhs rhicthe wjtl jgthrgci mkgtrki k` tlh Mkdpcgy.
]HA_HUC_J] ^H_]H_KCG
MK_^K_CUH ]HM_HUC_Z
Uufcs ecg whwhgcgf ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg thicl ejshsucjacg ehgfcg rhfuicsj ^cscr Dkeci Jgekghsjc ycgf ohricau. ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg thicl dhicauacg `ugfsjgyc shocfcj phrcg phgfluougf cgtcrc ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg ktkrjtcs pcscr dkeci, phdkeci ecg dcsycrcact, cgtcrc icjg ehgfcg dhgyhihgffcrcacg _X^] ecg _X^]IO, shrtc dhgfupcycacg phdhgulcg ahthgtucg ecg phrcturcg ycgf ohricau ecicd rcgfac tjgecacg akrpkrcsj ycgf ejicauacg ^hrshrkcg. Uufcs icjg ecrj ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg cecicl dhgflcejrj shiurul _cpct Ehwcg Akdjscrjs, _cpct _cpct Ejrhasj, ecg _cpct Fcougfcg Dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg, shrtc shgcgtjcsc dhdohrjacg dcsuacg ahpcec Ejrhasj ugtua dhdcstjacg ^hrshrkcg dhdhgulj phrsycrctcg ahthrouaccg ecg ahthgtucg pcscr dkeci ycgf ohricau.
Ulh eutjhs k` tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry crh cebusthe tk tlh prhvcjijgf Jgekghsjcg stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs. Ulh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry lcs mkgeumthe ljs ijcjskg `ugmtjkg, tk dcjgtcjg tlh fkke rhictjkgs ohtwhhg tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh stkma dcraht cutlkrjtjhs, tlh jgvhstkrs, cge tlh puoijm, tlrkufl, prjdcrjiy, krfcgjzjgf cge lkiejgf tlh FD] cge HFD], cge cisk tk hgsurh tlct prhvcjijgf ruihs cge rhfuictjkgs crh ohjgf mkdpijhe wjtljg tlh mkrpkrcth cmtjkgs tcahg oy tlh Mkdpcgy. Cgktlhr tcsa k` tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry js tk ctthge cii Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Dhhtjgfs, Ejrhmtkrs‚ Dhhtjgf cge tlh Dcgcfhdhgt Bkjgt Dhhtjgf. Ulh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry cisk lcs tk jg`krd cge upecth tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs tk ciwcys mkdpiy wjtl tlh ejsmiksurh prjgmjpih cge ktlhr prhvcjijgf stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs ct cii tjdh.
]hiurul ekaudhg ^hrshrkcg, thrdcsua cgtcrc icjg Ec`tcr ^hdhfcgf ]clcd, _jscicl _cpct Ejrhasj, _jscicl _cpct Ehwcg Akdjscrjs shrtc _jscicl _X^] cecicl ejtctc-usclcacg ejtctc-usc lcacg kihl ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg.
Cii Mkdpcgy ekmudhgts, jgmiuejgf tlh ]lcrhlkiehrs Ijst, tlh Ejrhmtkrs‚ Dhhtjgf ^rkmhhejgfs, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Dhhtjgf prkmhhejgfs, cge tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]) ^rkmhhejgfs crh cedjgjsthrhe oy tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry.
]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg ejbcoct kihl Phrey Aklcr scdpcj ehgfcg ouicg Dhj ?>33, shecgfacg phrjkeh Bugj scdpcj Ehshdohr ?>33, ]harhtcrjs ^hrshrkcg ejbcoct kihl Frhfkry K. A. Kgfak, DOC.
Xgtji Dcy ?>33, Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry k` tlh Mkdpcgy js lhie oy Phrey Aklcr, cge `rkd Bugh tk Ehmhdohr ?>33 tlh pksjtjkg k` Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry js lhie oy Frhfkry K. A. Kgfak, DOC.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=6
UCGFFXGF BCVCO ]K]JCI ^H_]H_KCG
MK_^K_CUH MK_^K_C UH ]KMJCI_H]^KG]JOJIJUZ
^hrshrkcg thrus ohrupcyc dhgfjdpihdhgtcsjacg Mkrpkrcth ]kmjci _hspkgsjojijty _hspkgsjojijty (M]_) (M]_) shocfcj ocfjcg ocfjcg ecrj phghrcpcg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh. ]hbca tclug ?>>: scdpcj scct jgj, ^hrshrkcg dhgffugcacg shocfjcg iclcggyc ugtua ahfjctcg Gurshry (phdojojtcg tcgcdcg) ehgfcg dhgffugcacg gcdc ’@ikrcjgek—. Lci jgj ejdcasueacg shocfcj upcyc ^hrshrkcg ecicd dhgeuaugf ^hgfljbcucg ^hgfljbcucg ej shajtcr ikacsj ahrbc ^hrshrkcg ecg phgmhfclcg phgmhfclcg phdcgcscg phdcgcscg fikoci. Catjvjtcs icjg ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg Ucgffugf Bcwco ]ksjci ycgf ejicauacg ^hrshrkcg, cgtcrc icjg shmcrc akgtjgu ^hrshrkcg bufc dhdouac ahshdpctcg ocfj sjswc-sjswc ]hakicl Dhghgfcl Ahburucg ugtua dhicascgcacg prkfrcd ^rcatha Ahrbc Icpcgfcg (^AI) ycgf ejcecacg kihl shakiclgyc dcsjgf-dcsjgf. ]hicdc tclug ?>33, ejscdpjgf cec 6> sjswc dhicascgcacg ^AI, ^hrshrkcg bufc dhghrjdc augbugfcg stuej ocgejgf ecrj ohohrcpc shakicl ocja ycgf ohrcec ej wjicycl Bcokehtcoha dcupug scdpcj ecrj echrcl Bcwc Uhgfcl.
Ulh Mkdpcgy ahhps jdpihdhgtjgf tlh Mkrpkrcth ]kmjci _hspkgsjojijty jty (M]_) cs c pcrt k` jdpihdhgtjgf tlh Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh. ]tcrtjgf `rkd ?>>:, tlh Mkdpcgy ushs c pcrt k` jts icge `kr Gurshry cmtjvjtjhs gcdhe ’@ikrcjgek—. Uljs cmtjvjty‚s cjd js gkt kgiy cs cg h``krt `rkd tlh Mkdpcgy ikmctjkg cge out cisk tk cvkje fikoci wcrdjgf. Cgktlhr cmtjvjty wljml tlh Mkdpcgy jgvkivhs js tk kphg cg cpprhgtjmhsljp prkfrcd (^AI) tk cii sphmjcijst ljfl smlkki stuehgt wljml mkgeumthe oy tlhjr smlkki mkgtjguciiy. Kvhr tlh pcst ?>33, 6> stuehgts lcvh ekgh cpprhgtjmhsljp prkfrcd (^AI) cge rhmhjvh vjsjtctjkg `rkd shvhrci smlkkis tk ek mkdpcrctjvh stuey wjtljg tlh Frhcthr Bcacrtc crhc cge Mhgtrci Bcvc.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
=: U c t c A h i k i c ^ h r s h r k c g F k k e M k r p k r c t h F k v h r g c g m h
=< h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F
g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
AKDJUH CXEJU
CXEJU MKDDJUUHH MKDDJUUHH
^HGFHGECIJCG JGUH_GCI
JGUH_GCIMKGU_KIIJGF
Uufcs Akdjth Cuejt cecicl dhicauacg phgfcwcscg ctcs ajghrbc ^hrshrkcg, thricascgcgyc aucijtcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg ahpcec ocecg-ocecg ^hdhrjgtcl ecg puoija, sjsthd phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp ahucgfcg ecg caugtcsj, ahpctulcg thrlcecp htjac ecg luaud ycgf cec shrtc prkshs phicpkrcg cuejt ecg caugtcgsj ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg. Akdjth Cuejt bufc ohr`ugfsj shocfcj bhdoctcg phgfluougf cgtcrc phrshrkcg ehgfcg hasthrgci cuejtkr ycgf ejtugbua ^hrshrkcg ugtua dhgjgfactacg aucijtcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg shrtc phdoclcscg ctcs mcaupcg ecg dhtkeh cuejt ycgf ejthrcpacg.
Ulh cjd k` Cuejt Mkddjtthh js tk dkgjtkr tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh, hgsurjgf tlh qucijty k` mkdpcgy `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt tk oh shgt tk Fkvhrgdhgt kr ktlhr puoijm pcrtjhs, dkgjtkrjgf tlh Mkdpcgy jgthrgci systhd tlrkufl cmmkugtjgf cge `jgcgmh, mkeh k` mkgeumt cge icw hg`krmhdhgt wjtljg tlh cuejt rhpkrt cge Mkdpcgy `jgcgmjci cmmkugtjgf. Ulh Cuejt Mkddjtthh cisk `ugmtjkgs cs dhejctkr ohtwhhg tlh Mkdpcgy cge hxthrgci cuejtkr cppkjgthe oy Mkdpcgy tk jdprkvh tlh `jgcgmjci rhpkrt qucijty cs whii cs tlh ejsmussjkg k` smkph cge dhtlke wrjtthg.
Ejrhasj dhicauacg hvciucsj thrlcecp sjsthd phgfhgecijcg jgthrgci ^hrshrkcg shejajtgyc shacij ecicd shtclug. Ejrhasj dhgbcdjg ahcosclcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg ejdcgc cgfac-cgfac ycgf thrmcgtud pcec icpkrcg thrshout dhdohrjacg fcdocrcg ycgf wcbcr ctcs ^hrshrkcg thrdcsua lcsji usclc ecg crus acs ugtua tclug ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs hvciucths tlh jgthrgci mkgtrkiijgf systhd k` tlh Mkdpcgy ct ihcst kgmh c yhcr. Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkr hgsurhs tlh jgehphgehgmh k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt. Ulh `jfurhs jg tlh rhpkrt fjvh ugehrstcgecoih ehsmrjptjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s phr`krdcgmh jgmiuejgf jts prk`jts cge mcsl `ikws `kr tlh yhcr hgehe kg =3 Ehmhdohr ?>33.
_H]JAK X]CLC
OX]JGH]] _J]A]
Ecicd jgeustrj acohi, rhsjak usclc ycgf ejlcecpj ^hrshrkcg thrutcdc dhijputj lci-lci shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg mcoih jgeustry, tlh Mkdpcgy `cmhs `kiikwjgf ousjghss rjsas2
]usugcg ecrj Akdjth Cuejt ycgf cec ej ^hrshrkcg, threjrj ecrj 2
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s Cuejt Mkddjtthh mkgsjsts k`2
E. G. Cegycgc 2 Phrkgjmc Iuadcg 2 Ouej. J ]urocatj 2
E. G. Cegycgc 2 Phrkgjmc Iuadcg 2 Ouej. J ]urocatj 2
3. @iuatucsj lcrfc thdocfc ecg ciudjgjud shocfcj oclcg ocau utcdc acohi ycgf lcrfcgyc shgcgtjcsc ohruocl shtjcp scct shsucj lcrfc IDH (Ikgekg Dhtci Hxmlcgfh). Bjac lcrfc rctc-rctc thdocfc pcec caljr tclug ?>3> shohscr X]$ 6,8=8/DU ecg ciudjgjud cecicl X]$ ?,36=/DU, dcac pcec caljr tclug ?>33, lcrfc rctc-rctc thdocfc shohscr X]$ <,3/DU.
3. @iumtucthe prjmhs k` mkpphr cge ciudjgud, cs tlh dcjg rcw dcthrjcis k` mcoihs euh tk `iumtucthe prjmhs jg IDH (Ikgekg Dhtci Hxmlcgfh). J` tlh cvhrcfh prjmhs k` mkpphr oy hge k` ?>3> js X]$ 6, 8=8/DU c ge ciudjgud js X]$ ?,36=/DU, tlhg oy hge k` ?>33, tlh cvhrcfh prjmh k` mkpphr js X]$ <,3/DU.
?. @iuatucsj dctc ucgf X]E thrlcecp thrlcecp _upjcl
?. @iumtucthe hxmlcgfh rcth k` X]E cfcjgst _upjcl
=. ^hrscjgfcg ycgf ahtct ahtct ejcgtcrc pcorja acohi shljgffc shljgffc ohrpkthgsj dhghacg lcrfc buci ecg phrkihlcg icoc ^hrshrkcg.
=. Mik sh mkdphtjtjkg cdkgf mcoih picgts, wljml dcy rhsuit jg ikwhr shiijgf prjmhs cge c``hmt tlh Mkdpcgy‚s prk`jt.
5. Ehgfcg duicj ohricaugyc CM-@UC (Cshcg-Mljgc @rhh Urceh Crhc), dcac phrscjgfcg pcscr acohi bufc ejwcrgcj kihl ohrtcdoclgyc akdphtjsj ecrj pcrc jdpkrtjr prkeua ikaci Mljgc.
5. Vjtl tlh hgcmtdhgt k` CM-@UC (Cshcg-Mljgc @rhh Urceh Crhc), mkdphtjtjkg jg mcoih dcraht js tjflthr euh tk tlh prhshgmh k` mkdphtjtkrs `rkd ikmci jdpkrthrs k` Mljghsh prkeumts.
Ahtuc Cgffktc Cgffktc
Mlcjrdcg Dhdohr Dhdohr
]hicdc tclug ?>33, Akdjth Cuejt thicl dhgfcecacg rcpct shtjcp tjfc ouicg shacij ugtua dhdoclcs Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Ouicgcg ^hrshrkcg shrtc lci-lci icjg ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg sjstjd phgfhgecijcg jgthrg ^hrshrkcg.
Jg ?>33, Cuejt Mkddjtthh lhie qucrthriy dhhtjgf tk ejsmuss tlh Mkdpcgy‚s dkgtliy `jgcgmjci rhpkrt cge ktlhr jssuhs rhicthe wjtl jgthrgci mkgtrki k` tlh Mkdpcgy.
]HA_HUC_J] ^H_]H_KCG
MK_^K_CUH ]HM_HUC_Z
Uufcs ecg whwhgcgf ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg thicl ejshsucjacg ehgfcg rhfuicsj ^cscr Dkeci Jgekghsjc ycgf ohricau. ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg thicl dhicauacg `ugfsjgyc shocfcj phrcg phgfluougf cgtcrc ^hrshrkcg ehgfcg ktkrjtcs pcscr dkeci, phdkeci ecg dcsycrcact, cgtcrc icjg ehgfcg dhgyhihgffcrcacg _X^] ecg _X^]IO, shrtc dhgfupcycacg phdhgulcg ahthgtucg ecg phrcturcg ycgf ohricau ecicd rcgfac tjgecacg akrpkrcsj ycgf ejicauacg ^hrshrkcg. Uufcs icjg ecrj ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg cecicl dhgflcejrj shiurul _cpct Ehwcg Akdjscrjs, _cpct _cpct Ejrhasj, ecg _cpct Fcougfcg Dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg, shrtc shgcgtjcsc dhdohrjacg dcsuacg ahpcec Ejrhasj ugtua dhdcstjacg ^hrshrkcg dhdhgulj phrsycrctcg ahthrouaccg ecg ahthgtucg pcscr dkeci ycgf ohricau.
Ulh eutjhs k` tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry crh cebusthe tk tlh prhvcjijgf Jgekghsjcg stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs. Ulh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry lcs mkgeumthe ljs ijcjskg `ugmtjkg, tk dcjgtcjg tlh fkke rhictjkgs ohtwhhg tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh stkma dcraht cutlkrjtjhs, tlh jgvhstkrs, cge tlh puoijm, tlrkufl, prjdcrjiy, krfcgjzjgf cge lkiejgf tlh FD] cge HFD], cge cisk tk hgsurh tlct prhvcjijgf ruihs cge rhfuictjkgs crh ohjgf mkdpijhe wjtljg tlh mkrpkrcth cmtjkgs tcahg oy tlh Mkdpcgy. Cgktlhr tcsa k` tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry js tk ctthge cii Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Dhhtjgfs, Ejrhmtkrs‚ Dhhtjgf cge tlh Dcgcfhdhgt Bkjgt Dhhtjgf. Ulh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry cisk lcs tk jg`krd cge upecth tlh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs tk ciwcys mkdpiy wjtl tlh ejsmiksurh prjgmjpih cge ktlhr prhvcjijgf stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs ct cii tjdh.
]hiurul ekaudhg ^hrshrkcg, thrdcsua cgtcrc icjg Ec`tcr ^hdhfcgf ]clcd, _jscicl _cpct Ejrhasj, _jscicl _cpct Ehwcg Akdjscrjs shrtc _jscicl _X^] cecicl ejtctc-usclcacg ejtctc-usc lcacg kihl ]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg.
Cii Mkdpcgy ekmudhgts, jgmiuejgf tlh ]lcrhlkiehrs Ijst, tlh Ejrhmtkrs‚ Dhhtjgf ^rkmhhejgfs, tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs‚ Dhhtjgf prkmhhejgfs, cge tlh Fhghrci Dhhtjgf k` ]lcrhlkiehrs (FD]) ^rkmhhejgfs crh cedjgjsthrhe oy tlh Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry.
]harhtcrjs ^hrusclccg ejbcoct kihl Phrey Aklcr scdpcj ehgfcg ouicg Dhj ?>33, shecgfacg phrjkeh Bugj scdpcj Ehshdohr ?>33, ]harhtcrjs ^hrshrkcg ejbcoct kihl Frhfkry K. A. Kgfak, DOC.
Xgtji Dcy ?>33, Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry k` tlh Mkdpcgy js lhie oy Phrey Aklcr, cge `rkd Bugh tk Ehmhdohr ?>33 tlh pksjtjkg k` Mkrpkrcth ]hmrhtcry js lhie oy Frhfkry K. A. Kgfak, DOC.
UCGFFXGF BCVCO ]K]JCI ^H_]H_KCG
MK_^K_CUH MK_^K_C UH ]KMJCI_H]^KG]JOJIJUZ
^hrshrkcg thrus ohrupcyc dhgfjdpihdhgtcsjacg Mkrpkrcth ]kmjci _hspkgsjojijty _hspkgsjojijty (M]_) (M]_) shocfcj ocfjcg ocfjcg ecrj phghrcpcg Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh. ]hbca tclug ?>>: scdpcj scct jgj, ^hrshrkcg dhgffugcacg shocfjcg iclcggyc ugtua ahfjctcg Gurshry (phdojojtcg tcgcdcg) ehgfcg dhgffugcacg gcdc ’@ikrcjgek—. Lci jgj ejdcasueacg shocfcj upcyc ^hrshrkcg ecicd dhgeuaugf ^hgfljbcucg ^hgfljbcucg ej shajtcr ikacsj ahrbc ^hrshrkcg ecg phgmhfclcg phgmhfclcg phdcgcscg phdcgcscg fikoci. Catjvjtcs icjg ycgf ohracjtcg ehgfcg Ucgffugf Bcwco ]ksjci ycgf ejicauacg ^hrshrkcg, cgtcrc icjg shmcrc akgtjgu ^hrshrkcg bufc dhdouac ahshdpctcg ocfj sjswc-sjswc ]hakicl Dhghgfcl Ahburucg ugtua dhicascgcacg prkfrcd ^rcatha Ahrbc Icpcgfcg (^AI) ycgf ejcecacg kihl shakiclgyc dcsjgf-dcsjgf. ]hicdc tclug ?>33, ejscdpjgf cec 6> sjswc dhicascgcacg ^AI, ^hrshrkcg bufc dhghrjdc augbugfcg stuej ocgejgf ecrj ohohrcpc shakicl ocja ycgf ohrcec ej wjicycl Bcokehtcoha dcupug scdpcj ecrj echrcl Bcwc Uhgfcl.
Ulh Mkdpcgy ahhps jdpihdhgtjgf tlh Mkrpkrcth ]kmjci _hspkgsjojijty jty (M]_) cs c pcrt k` jdpihdhgtjgf tlh Fkke Mkrpkrcth Fkvhrgcgmh. ]tcrtjgf `rkd ?>>:, tlh Mkdpcgy ushs c pcrt k` jts icge `kr Gurshry cmtjvjtjhs gcdhe ’@ikrcjgek—. Uljs cmtjvjty‚s cjd js gkt kgiy cs cg h``krt `rkd tlh Mkdpcgy ikmctjkg cge out cisk tk cvkje fikoci wcrdjgf. Cgktlhr cmtjvjty wljml tlh Mkdpcgy jgvkivhs js tk kphg cg cpprhgtjmhsljp prkfrcd (^AI) tk cii sphmjcijst ljfl smlkki stuehgt wljml mkgeumthe oy tlhjr smlkki mkgtjguciiy. Kvhr tlh pcst ?>33, 6> stuehgts lcvh ekgh cpprhgtjmhsljp prkfrcd (^AI) cge rhmhjvh vjsjtctjkg `rkd shvhrci smlkkis tk ek mkdpcrctjvh stuey wjtljg tlh Frhcthr Bcacrtc crhc cge Mhgtrci Bcvc.
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
U c t c A h i k i c ^ h r s h r k c g F k k e M k r p k r c t h F k v h r g c g m h
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]truatur Krfcgjscsj Krfcgjzctjkg ]trumturh Ecicd lci dhgeuaugf phgejejacg, ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgbcijg ahrbcscdc Ocicj ^hictjlcg ^hgejejacg ehgfcg dhdohrjacg ocgtucg ecicd lci phgjicjcg ubj akdphthgsj ycgf ejshrtjffiacsj ahpcec phshrtc ^hictjlcg shrtc dhdohrjacg ahshdpctcg dcfcgf ahpcec furu-furu ecrj Ihdocfc ^hictjlcg thrshout. ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgeuaugf cmcrc-cmcrc ahcfcdccg ycgf ejcecacg ej ecicd ijgfaugfcg^hrshrkcg.
=:
53
Jg ijgh tk suppkrt tlh heumctjkgc heumctjkgcii jgstjtutjkgs, tlh Mkdpcgy js fjvjgf thst mhrtj`jmctjkg tk cii stuehgts cge tlhjr thcmlhr `rkd tlh heumctjkg jgstjtutjkgs cs whii. Ulh Mkdpcgy cisk suppkrts tlh rhijfjkg cmtjvjtjhs wljml jgthrgciiy prhshgthe jg tlh Mkdpcgy.
53
5>
] t r u a t u r K r f c g j s c s j K r f c g j z c t j k g ] t r u m t u r h
h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
]truatur Krfcgjscsj Krfcgjzctjkg ]trumturh Ecicd lci dhgeuaugf phgejejacg, ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgbcijg ahrbcscdc Ocicj ^hictjlcg ^hgejejacg ehgfcg dhdohrjacg ocgtucg ecicd lci phgjicjcg ubj akdphthgsj ycgf ejshrtjffiacsj ahpcec phshrtc ^hictjlcg shrtc dhdohrjacg ahshdpctcg dcfcgf ahpcec furu-furu ecrj Ihdocfc ^hictjlcg thrshout. ^hrshrkcg bufc dhgeuaugf cmcrc-cmcrc ahcfcdccg ycgf ejcecacg ej ecicd ijgfaugfcg^hrshrkcg.
53
Jg ijgh tk suppkrt tlh heumctjkgc heumctjkgcii jgstjtutjkgs, tlh Mkdpcgy js fjvjgf thst mhrtj`jmctjkg tk cii stuehgts cge tlhjr thcmlhr `rkd tlh heumctjkg jgstjtutjkgs cs whii. Ulh Mkdpcgy cisk suppkrts tlh rhijfjkg cmtjvjtjhs wljml jgthrgciiy prhshgthe jg tlh Mkdpcgy.
53
5>
] t r u a t u r K r f c g j s c s j K
h m g c g r h v k F h t c r k p r k M e k k F
r f c g j z c t j k g ] t r u m t u r h
g c k r h s r h ^ c i k i h A c t c U
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
5?
5? t r k p h _ h h t t j d d k M t j e u C t j e u C
h t j d k A g c r k p c I
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Icpkrcg Akdjth Cuejt Cuejt Mkddjtthh Mkddjtthh _hpkrt
Bcacrtc, Cprji ?>3?
Bcacrtc,Cp rji ?>3?
Ahpcec Ztl. Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa.
Uk2 Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa.
Ehgfcg lkrdct,
Ehcr Cii ]tcahlkiehrs,
Xgtua dhdhgulj ahthgtucg shocfcjdcgc ejctur ecicd ]urct Hecrcg Ahtuc Ocphpcd Gk. ]H->=/^D/?>>> thgtcgf Akdjth Cuejt ycgf ejphroclcruj ehgfcg ^hrcturcg Ocphpcd Gk. J\.J.8 Icdpjrcg Ahputuscg Ahtuc Ocphpcd Gk. Ahp-?:/^D/?>>5 tcgffci ?5 ]hpthdohr ?>>5 thgtcgf ^hdohgtuacg ecg ^hekdcg ^hicascgccg Ahrbc Akdjth Cuejt, dcac acdj shicau Akdjth Cuejt ^hrshrkcg thicl dhicauacg lci-lci shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg rh`hrhgmh tk tlh rhqujrhdhgt k` tlh Mlcjrdcg k` Ocphpcd cs ehtcjihe jg Mjrmuictjkg Ihtthr Gk. ]H->=/^D/?>>>, mkgmhrgjgf tlh `ugmtjkgs k` tlh Cuejt Mkddjtthh, wljml js cdhgehe oy Ocphpcd _hfuictjkg Gk.J\.J.8, Cttcmldhgt Ehmjsjkg k` tlh Mlcjrdcg k` Ocphpcd Gk. Ahp-?:/ ^D/?>>5 ecthe kg ]hpthdohr ?5, ?>>5 rhfcrejgf tlh Mkdpksjtjkg cge Vkrajgf Fujehijghs k` Cuejt Mkddjtthh, lcvh euiy hxhrmjshe tlh `kiikwjgf eutjhs tk wljml wh lcvh ohhg cssjfghe2
3. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg ehgfcg dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg ecg Caugtcg ^uoija shtjcp = (tjfc) ouicg ugtua dhdoclcs dhgfhgcj icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg, thrdcsua icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ugtua phrjkeh ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
3. Lhie c dhhtjgf wjtl tlh Mkdpcgy dcgcfhdhgt cge puoijm cmmkugtcgt kgmh jg hvhry = (tlrhh) dkgtls tk cgciyzh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s `jgcgmjci rhpkrt, cs whii cs tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt `kr tlh yhcr hgejgf Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33.
?. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg Caugtcg ^uoija thrlcecp sjstjd phgfhgecijcg jgthrg ^hrshrkcg shrtc dhdoclcs mcaupcg ecg prkfrcd phdhrjasccg Caugtcg ^uoija.
?. Mkgeumthe c rhvjhw k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s jgthrgci mkgtrki systhd cge tlh cehqucmy k` tlh cuejt prkfrcd wjtl tlh puoijm cmmkug tcgt.
=. Dhghiccl tjgfact ahpctulcg ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp phrcturcg phrugecgf-ugecgfcg ejojecgf pcscr dkeci ecg phrcturcg phrugecgfcg icjggyc ycgf ohrluougfcg ehgfcg ahfjctcg ^hrshrkcg.
= . Csshsshe tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ihvhi k` mkdpijcgmh wjtl stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs cge ktlhr rhfuictjkgs phrtcjgjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ousjghss.
5. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thrlcecp prkfrcd ahrbc ^hrshrkcg ycgf dhdhriuacg phrlctjcg alusus cfcr phicascgccggy phicascgccggyc c ecpct ohrbcicg ehgfcg ocja.
5. Mkgeumthe c rhvjhw wjtl tlh okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cokut tlh Mkdpcgy‚s wkra prkfrcd tlct rhqujrhs sphmjci ctthgtjkg tk hgsurh tlct tlh Mkdpcgy js phr`krdjgf whii.
Ecicd rcgfac dhdhgulj ahwcbjocg phgfugfacpcg ctcs lcsji phghicclcg Akdjth Cuejt ecicd Icpkrcg Uclugcg ^hrshrkcg, ohrjaut jgj acdj scdpcjacg ahsjdpuicg shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg `ui`jiidhgt k` tlh rhqujrhdhgt tk ejsmiksh tlh rhsuit k` tlh Cuejt Mkddjtthh‚s cgciysjs k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Cgguci _hpkrt, lhrhjg wh rhpkrt kur mkgmiusjkgs cs `kiikw2
3. Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj ^hrshrkcg ^hrshrkcg thicl ejsusug ecg ejscbjacg ehgfcg ocja, shsucj ehgfcg prjgsjp caugtcgsj ycgf ohricau udud ej Jgekghsjc.
3. Ulh Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci _hpkrts k` tlh Mkdpcgy lcvh ohhg whii mkdpijhe cge prhshgthe jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl fhghrciiy cmmhpthe cmmkugtjgf prjgmjpihs jg Jgekghsjc.
?. Ecicd dhgbcicgacg ahfjctcggyc, ^hrshrkcg shiciu dhdctulj phrcturcg phrugecgf-ugecgfcg pcscr dkeci ecg phrcturcg phrugecgfcg icjggyc .
?. Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs mkgsjsthgtiy mkdpijhe wjtl stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs cge ktlhr icws cge rhfuictjkg rhictjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ousjghss kphrctjkgs.
=. ^hgugbuacg Caugtcg ^uoija ugtua tclug ouau ?>33 thicl dhgecpct phrshtubucg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ycgf dhghrjdc whwhgcgf ecrj phdhfcgf sclcd ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ycgf ejcecacg pcec tcgffci ?5 Dhj ?>33.
=. Ulh cssjfgdhgt k` tlh ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt `kr tlh yhcr ?>33 wcs ocshe kg tlh rhmkddhgectjkg dceh oy tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs wjtl mkgsjehrctjkg kg tlh csphmts k` jgehphgehgmy cge mkdphthgmh cs whii cs cpprkvci `rkd tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs, wljml lce ohhg cutlkrjzhe oy tlh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrhlkiehrs jg tlh Fhghrci ]lcrhlkiehrs Dhhtjgf, lhie kg ?5 Dcy ?>33.
Lkrdct acdj Zkurs acdj Zkurs `cjtl`uiiy Akdjth Cuejt ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. Mkddjtthh Cuejt
E. G. Cegycgc Ahtuc Mlcjrdcg
Phrkgjmc Iuadcg Cgffktc Dhdohr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ouej. J ]urocatj Cgffktc Dhdohr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
5= I c p k r c g A k d j t h C u e j t C u e j t M k d d j t t h h _ h p k r t
5?
5? t r k p h _ h h t t j d d k M t j e u C t j e u C h t j d k A
g c r k p c I
Icpkrcg Akdjth Cuejt Cuejt Mkddjtthh Mkddjtthh _hpkrt
Bcacrtc, Cprji ?>3?
Bcacrtc,Cp rji ?>3?
Ahpcec Ztl. Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa.
Uk2 Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa.
Ehgfcg lkrdct,
Ehcr Cii ]tcahlkiehrs,
Xgtua dhdhgulj ahthgtucg shocfcjdcgc ejctur ecicd ]urct Hecrcg Ahtuc Ocphpcd Gk. ]H->=/^D/?>>> thgtcgf Akdjth Cuejt ycgf ejphroclcruj ehgfcg ^hrcturcg Ocphpcd Gk. J\.J.8 Icdpjrcg Ahputuscg Ahtuc Ocphpcd Gk. Ahp-?:/^D/?>>5 tcgffci ?5 ]hpthdohr ?>>5 thgtcgf ^hdohgtuacg ecg ^hekdcg ^hicascgccg Ahrbc Akdjth Cuejt, dcac acdj shicau Akdjth Cuejt ^hrshrkcg thicl dhicauacg lci-lci shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg rh`hrhgmh tk tlh rhqujrhdhgt k` tlh Mlcjrdcg k` Ocphpcd cs ehtcjihe jg Mjrmuictjkg Ihtthr Gk. ]H->=/^D/?>>>, mkgmhrgjgf tlh `ugmtjkgs k` tlh Cuejt Mkddjtthh, wljml js cdhgehe oy Ocphpcd _hfuictjkg Gk.J\.J.8, Cttcmldhgt Ehmjsjkg k` tlh Mlcjrdcg k` Ocphpcd Gk. Ahp-?:/ ^D/?>>5 ecthe kg ]hpthdohr ?5, ?>>5 rhfcrejgf tlh Mkdpksjtjkg cge Vkrajgf Fujehijghs k` Cuejt Mkddjtthh, lcvh euiy hxhrmjshe tlh `kiikwjgf eutjhs tk wljml wh lcvh ohhg cssjfghe2
3. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg ehgfcg dcgcbhdhg ^hrshrkcg ecg Caugtcg ^uoija shtjcp = (tjfc) ouicg ugtua dhdoclcs dhgfhgcj icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrshrkcg, thrdcsua icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ugtua phrjkeh ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33.
3. Lhie c dhhtjgf wjtl tlh Mkdpcgy dcgcfhdhgt cge puoijm cmmkugtcgt kgmh jg hvhry = (tlrhh) dkgtls tk cgciyzh tlh Mkdpcgy‚s `jgcgmjci rhpkrt, cs whii cs tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgt `kr tlh yhcr hgejgf Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33.
?. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg Caugtcg ^uoija thrlcecp sjstjd phgfhgecijcg jgthrg ^hrshrkcg shrtc dhdoclcs mcaupcg ecg prkfrcd phdhrjasccg Caugtcg ^uoija.
?. Mkgeumthe c rhvjhw k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s jgthrgci mkgtrki systhd cge tlh cehqucmy k` tlh cuejt prkfrcd wjtl tlh puoijm cmmkug tcgt.
=. Dhghiccl tjgfact ahpctulcg ^hrshrkcg thrlcecp phrcturcg phrugecgf-ugecgfcg ejojecgf pcscr dkeci ecg phrcturcg phrugecgfcg icjggyc ycgf ohrluougfcg ehgfcg ahfjctcg ^hrshrkcg.
= . Csshsshe tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ihvhi k` mkdpijcgmh wjtl stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs cge ktlhr rhfuictjkgs phrtcjgjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ousjghss.
5. Dhicauacg phdoclcscg ehgfcg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs thrlcecp prkfrcd ahrbc ^hrshrkcg ycgf dhdhriuacg phrlctjcg alusus cfcr phicascgccggy phicascgccggyc c ecpct ohrbcicg ehgfcg ocja.
5. Mkgeumthe c rhvjhw wjtl tlh okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cokut tlh Mkdpcgy‚s wkra prkfrcd tlct rhqujrhs sphmjci ctthgtjkg tk hgsurh tlct tlh Mkdpcgy js phr`krdjgf whii.
Ecicd rcgfac dhdhgulj ahwcbjocg phgfugfacpcg ctcs lcsji phghicclcg Akdjth Cuejt ecicd Icpkrcg Uclugcg ^hrshrkcg, ohrjaut jgj acdj scdpcjacg ahsjdpuicg shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Jg `ui`jiidhgt k` tlh rhqujrhdhgt tk ejsmiksh tlh rhsuit k` tlh Cuejt Mkddjtthh‚s cgciysjs k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Cgguci _hpkrt, lhrhjg wh rhpkrt kur mkgmiusjkgs cs `kiikw2
3. Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj ^hrshrkcg ^hrshrkcg thicl ejsusug ecg ejscbjacg ehgfcg ocja, shsucj ehgfcg prjgsjp caugtcgsj ycgf ohricau udud ej Jgekghsjc.
3. Ulh Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci _hpkrts k` tlh Mkdpcgy lcvh ohhg whii mkdpijhe cge prhshgthe jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl fhghrciiy cmmhpthe cmmkugtjgf prjgmjpihs jg Jgekghsjc.
?. Ecicd dhgbcicgacg ahfjctcggyc, ^hrshrkcg shiciu dhdctulj phrcturcg phrugecgf-ugecgfcg pcscr dkeci ecg phrcturcg phrugecgfcg icjggyc .
?. Ulh Mkdpcgy lcs mkgsjsthgtiy mkdpijhe wjtl stkma dcraht rhfuictjkgs cge ktlhr icws cge rhfuictjkg rhictjgf tk tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ousjghss kphrctjkgs.
=. ^hgugbuacg Caugtcg ^uoija ugtua tclug ouau ?>33 thicl dhgecpct phrshtubucg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ^hrshrkcg ycgf dhghrjdc whwhgcgf ecrj phdhfcgf sclcd ecicd _cpct Xdud ^hdhfcgf ]clcd ycgf ejcecacg pcec tcgffci ?5 Dhj ?>33.
=. Ulh cssjfgdhgt k` tlh ^uoijm Cmmkugtcgt `kr tlh yhcr ?>33 wcs ocshe kg tlh rhmkddhgectjkg dceh oy tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs wjtl mkgsjehrctjkg kg tlh csphmts k` jgehphgehgmy cge mkdphthgmh cs whii cs cpprkvci `rkd tlh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs, wljml lce ohhg cutlkrjzhe oy tlh Mkdpcgy‚s slcrhlkiehrs jg tlh Fhghrci ]lcrhlkiehrs Dhhtjgf, lhie kg ?5 Dcy ?>33.
Lkrdct acdj Zkurs acdj Zkurs `cjtl`uiiy Akdjth Cuejt ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. Mkddjtthh Cuejt
E. G. Cegycgc Ahtuc Mlcjrdcg
Phrkgjmc Iuadcg Cgffktc Dhdohr
Ouej. J ]urocatj Cgffktc Dhdohr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
55
^hrtcgffugfbcwcocg Ctcs ^hgyusugcg Icpkrcg Uclugcg ?>33 _hspkgsjojijty `kr ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt _hpkr t ^rhpcrctjkg
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj, Ohrtcgffugf bcwco phgul ctcs ahohgcrcg jsj Icpkrcg Uclugcg ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. tclug ?>33
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs crh `uiiy _hspkgsjoih cs tk tlh mkgthgts k` tlh ?>33 Cgguci _hpkr t k` ^U Acohij Acohijgek gek Durgj Dur gj Uoa. Uoa .
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs Okcre k` Mkddjssjkg Mkddjssjkghrs hrs
55 i
5= I c p k r c g A k d j t h C u e j t C u e j t M k d d j t t h h _ h p k r t
55
^hrtcgffugfbcwcocg Ctcs ^hgyusugcg Icpkrcg Uclugcg ?>33 _hspkgsjojijty `kr ?>33 Cgguci _hpkrt _hpkr t ^rhpcrctjkg
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj, Ohrtcgffugf bcwco phgul ctcs ahohgcrcg jsj Icpkrcg Uclugcg ^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa. tclug ?>33
Ulh Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge Ulh Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs crh `uiiy _hspkgsjoih cs tk tlh mkgthgts k` tlh ?>33 Cgguci _hpkr t k` ^U Acohij Acohijgek gek Durgj Dur gj Uoa. Uoa .
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs Okcre k` Mkddjssjkg Mkddjssjkghrs hrs
55 i c g k u j g t g c C r c 3 p 3 h r > ^ ? t r r k k ` y p h t j i _ j o j s g k p s h _
]khpkgk ^rhsjehg Akdjscrjs ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr
g 3 c 3 o > c ? w g c c b g f u g l u c f U f g g r c c t r k h p c ^ I g c g u s u y g h ^ s c t C
E.G. Cegycgc Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr
Ehwcg Ejrhasj Okcre k` Ejrhmtkrs
]uryc C. ]khpkgk ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr
Cgguci _hpkrt ?>33
Ucg _kohrt _kohrt Ucgtk Ucgtk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
Vjokwk Ejrhatur Ejrhmtkr
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG H GUJUC] CGCA ^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J / MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] ECG / CGE IC^K_CG CXEJUK_ JGEH^HGEHG / JGEH^HGEHGU CXEJUK_]‚ _H^K_U XGUXA UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI / @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> / EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3>
Lcicdcg jgj ]hgfcbc ejakskgfacg Uljs pcfh js jgthgtjkgciiy ih`t oicga oicga
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J ECG IC^K_CG CXEJUK_ JGEH^HGEHG UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3>
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] CGE H^K_U JGEH^HGEHGU CXEJUK_]‚ _ H^K_U @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EH]HDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3>
Ec`tcr jsj
Ucoih k` mkgthgts Lcicdcg/ ^cfh
]urct ^hrgyctccg Ejrhasj
Ejrhmtkr‚s ]tcthdhgts _hpkrt
Icpkrcg Cuejtkr Jgehphgehg
Jgehphgehgt Cuejtkrs _hpkrt
Icpkrcg ^ksjsj Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj
3 ” ?
Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgt
Icpkrcg Icoc _ufj Akdprhlhgsj` Akgskijecsj
=
Mkgskijecthe Mkdprhlhgsjvh ]tcthdhgts k` Jgmkdh
Icpkrcg ^hruoclcg Haujtcs Akgskijecsj
5
Mkgskijecthe ]tcthdhgts k` Mlcgfhs Hqujty
Icpkrcg Crus Acs Akgskijecsj
8
Mkgskijecthe ]tcthdhgts k` Mcsl @ikws
Mctctcg Ctcs Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg Akgskijecsj
0 ” 55
Gkths tk Ulh Mkgskijecthe @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgts
Lcicdcg jgj ]hgfcbc ejakskgfacg Uljs pcfh js jgthgtjkgciiy ih`t oicga oicga
Lcicdcg jgj ]hgfcbc ejakskgfacg Uljs pcfh js jgthgtjkgciiy ih`t oicga oicga
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA ^K]J]J AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ^K]JUJKG EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?>33
Mctctcg/ Gkths
?>3>
C]HU C]HU ICGMC_ Acs ecg ocga Ehpksjtk ohrbcgfac ^jutcgf usclc ” ohrsjl ^jutcgf icjg-icjg ^hrshejccg ^hrshejc cg Xcgf duac ahpcec phdcska Ojcyc ejocycr ejduac Budicl Csht Icgmcr C]HU UJECA ICGMC_ Csht thtcp ” ohrsjl Csht ecicd phdocgfugcg phdocgfugcg Lca ctcs tcgcl Csht icjg-icjg
C]]HU]
3?.<:=.=><.=5: 3?.<:=.=><.= 5: ?.3>>.>>>.>>> ?.3>>.>>>.>>> 3<=.>?0.<:?.>0? 3.60:.=6>.5<8 3.60:.=6>.5<8 330.0:6.8=?.=55 53.===.?6>.:>6 53.===.?6>.:>6 3.63=.:88.0?< 3.63=.:88.0?<
5 8 ?m,?e,0 ?h,6 ?= ?`
=8:.8=5.=?:.668
?> 355.>>>.>>> 355.>>>.>>> :<<.>=?.3>6 :8.6:5.3>5
35.=3:.3=<.6<5 ?.3>>.>>>.>>> ?.3>>.>>>.>>> 3>8.6<6.550.:<6 3.0=?.8<8.>5: 3.0=?.8<8.>5: =8.=86.<6=.:0: 0.360.:3<.63< 0.360.:3<.63< 3>:.?::.3=3 3>:.?::.3=3 308.5<=.?0?.0=<
?f,<
?=?.:<<.=00.65= =.5<:.:>>.>>> =.5<:.:>>.>>> 3.>03.<<5.>3: 363.=>3.<0< 363.=>3.<0<
MX__HGU C]]HU] Mcsl kg lcge cge jg ocgas Ujdh ehpksjts Urceh rhmhjvcoihs ” ght ght Ktlhr rhmhjvcoihs Jgvhgtkrjhs Cevcgmhs `kr suppijhrs suppijhrs ^rhpcje hxphgshs Uktci Murrhgt Csshts
@jxhe csshts ” ght ght Csshts ugehr mkgstrumtjkg mkgstrumtjkg Icgerjflts Ktlhr csshts
Budicl Csht Ujeca Icgmcr
?<=.5?>.5=<.033
?=6.633.58?.0=>
Uktci Gkg Murrhgt Csshts
BXDICL C]HU
05?.:85.60<.=<0
5>=.3:5.638.?0<
UKUCI C]]HU]
Mctctcg ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj dhrupcacg ocfjcg ycgf tjeca thrpjsclacg ecrj icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj.
Ulh cmmkdpcgyjgf gkths `krd jgthfrci pcrt k` tlhsh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
3
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA ^K]J]J AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J (Icgbutcg) =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ^K]JUJKG (Mkgtjguhe) EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?>33
Mctctcg/ Gkths
?>3>
IJCOJIJUC] ECG HAXJUC]
IJCOJIJUJH] CGE HSXJUZ
IJCOJIJUC] IJCOJIJUC] BCGFAC ^HGEHA Lutcgf ocga Lutcgf usclc ^jlca ohrhicsj ^jlca ahtjfc Lutcgf pcbca Ojcyc ycgf dcsjl lcrus ejocycr Xcgf duac phicgffcg Lutcgf icjg-icjg
8>.>>>.>>>.>>>
:
=<.8>>.>>>.>>>
?=:.550.3?3.:=< 08.<:=.<33.<<8 033.>65.?6= 3?.<8:.=8:.:>: 30.33?.<00.6>8
?e,3>
3>8.=85.:<3.=55 3>.???.<:3.>>6 ?.><=.>56.80= 3.083.<:?.6=0 5.65?.=5<.8?? 33.<8=.>>>
Budicl Ijcojijtcs Bcgfac ^hgeha
=<8.65:.0:6.<66 =<8.65:.0:6.<66
?a,33c 3? 3=
30?.806.>35.36? 30?.806.>35.36?
IJCOJIJUC] BCGFAC ^CGBCGF
Ijcojijtcs pcbca tcgffulcg Ijcojijtcs jdocicg ahrbc
IJCOJIJUJH] ]LK_U UH_D IJCOJIJUJH] Ocga ikcg Urceh pcycoihs _hicthe pcrtjhs Uljre pcrtjhs Ucx pcycoihs Cmmruhe hxphgshs Cevcgmhs `rkd mustkdhrs mustkdhrs Ktlhr pcycoihs Uktci ]lkrt Uhrd Ijcojijtjhs IKGF UH_D IJCOJIJUJH] IJCOJIJUJH]
3>.?=8.3=5.>8= ?.0>8.<>5.0:8
33m ?j,?3
:.:66.6>0.<6< =.>5<.<8
Eh`hrrhe tcx ijcojijtjhs Hdpikyhh ohgh`jt ijcojijtjhs Uktci Ikgf Uhrd Ijcojijtjhs
Budicl Ijcojitcs Bcgfac ^cgbcgf
3?.<5>.:=<.65<
3=.>?0.8=3.:0=
BXDICL IJCOJIJUC]
=:<.8:>.0=0.0?8
368.8:=.850.3=8
UKUCI IJCOJIJUJH]
HAXJUC]
HSXJUZ
Dkeci sclcd ” gjicj gkdjgci _p :0= phr sclcd shrj C, _p 35< phr phr sclcd shrj O, Dkeci ecscr ” 80.>>>.>?? sclcd shrj C ecg 3.=3<.:3<.<>> sclcd shrj O Dkeci ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr 80.>>>.>>> sclcd shrj C ecg 3.>05.>>>.>>> sclcd shrj O pcec tclug ?>33 ecg ?>3>
Mcpjtci stkma ” _p _p :0= pcr vciuh `kr C shrjhs slcrhs, _p 35< pcr vciuh `kr O shrjhs slcrhs, Cutlkrjzhe 80.>>>.>?? `kr C shrjhs slcrhs cge 3.=3<.:3<.<>> `kr O shrjhs slcrhs. ]uosmrjohe cge `uiiy pcje ” 80.>>>.>>> `kr C shrjhs s lcrhs cge 3.>05.>>>.>>> `kr O shrjhs slcrhs jg ?>33 cge ?>3>
Cfjk sclcd ]ciek icoc Haujtcs ycgf ecpct ejctrjousjacg ahpcec phdjija hgtjtcs jgeua
?33.5>>.>>>.>>> <=?.866.83= =3.00=.=?8.8<0
38 30
?33.5>>.>>>.>>> <=?.866.83= 35.:3<.<:?.338
^rhdjud kg mcpjtci stkma _htcjghe hcrgjgfs Hqujty cttrjoutcoih tk kwghrs k` tlh pcrhgt
?5=.<:8.:>=.>::
??6.383.50:.0?<
50<.??<.00?
55:.0::.8>8
Budicl haujtcs
?55.=05.3=3.603
??6.0>3.30:.3==
Uktci hqujty
BXDICL IJCOJIJUC] ECG HAXJUC]
05?.:85.60<.=<0
5>=.3:5.638.?0<
UKUCI IJCOJIJUH] CGE HSXJUZ
Ahphgtjgfcg gkg phgfhgecij
Gkg-mkgtrkiijgf jgthrhst
Ulh cmmkdpcgyjgf gkths `krd jgthfrci pcrt k` tlhsh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
Mctctcg ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj dhrupcacg ocfjcg ycgf tjeca thrpjsclacg ecrj icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj.
?
a k g M t j s c e t c k c i t j a a e h t c c u h s g c p r j c g j d t c f s c c h r s g l u i c a a p c p k c k g a r g c s e c k c g g i j r o a j e c h i f u c c s p j c j . k c g r g f c c g y c g g f
] c i e k = 3 E h s h d o h r ? > 3 3
M c t c t c g 3 8 / G k t h 3 8
/ G k t h 3 0
M c t c t c g 3 0
? 3 3 . 5 > > . > > > . > > > < = ? . 8 6 6 . 8 3 =
3 : 0 . > < > . 8 : =
= 3 . 5 0 6 .? 5 5 . : : =
I c o c a k d p r h l h g s j ` t c l u g o h r b c i c g
M c e c g f c g u d u d
-
-
-
-
^ h d o c y c r c g e h v j e h g
-
? 3 3 . 5 > > . > > > . > > >
-
< = ? . 8 6 6 . 8 3 =
3 : 0 . > < > . 8 : =
-
3 < . : < 5 . 5 = = . 5 6 3
( 3 : 0 . > < > . 8 : = )
] c i e k = 3 E h s h d o h r ? > 3 >
-
( ? . ? 5 > . > > > . > > > )
3 5 . : 3 < . < : ? .3 3 8
( ? . ? 5 > . > > > . > > > )
? ? 6 .3 8 3 . 5 0 : . 0 ? <
I c o c a k d p r h l h g s j ` t c l u g o h r b c i c g
] c i e k 3 B c g u c r j ? > 3 >
-
? 3 3 . 5 > > . > > > . > > >
-
< = ? . 8 6 6 . 8 3 =
-
-
= . : ? 3 . 0 3 3 . < 8 8
3 > . : : 6 .? < > .? 0 >
= . : ? 3 . 0 3 3 . < 8 8
? ? = .? ? : . < 8 6 .6 6 =
E j t h d p c t a c g e c g
] u o s m r j o h e c g e
M c p j t c i ] t k m a
E j s h t k r ^ h g u l /
] t k m a
M c p j t c i
^ r h d j u d k g
C f j k ] c l c d /
_ h t c j g h e H c r g j g f s
C p p r k p r j c t h e
^ h g f f u g c c g g y c /
_ h t c j g h e H c r g j g f s
X g c p p r k p r j c t h e
^ h g f f u g c c g g y c /
] u e c l E j t h g _ t u h a t ] c c c g j g i h e e k I H c O c o r h g c i j u g / d f s E j t h g t u a c g
@ u i i y ^ c j e
D k e c i ] c l c d
X G ( E U j X I ^ g A C U y c U ^ A t C K C c L _ O a c X C H g = G G I J E 3 - ^ G U H E c E C i H L _ K c d ] X X D H O _ D G C X u O Z L _ p H C C G j _ G G J c l ? F H U , > A o A 3 O X a h 3 H J _ U E m u E C C C c C A G i j G L ] H E ? J A G _ j g > K y 3 ^ G U J c > C ] U t E K C c ] C I a J c U E C g C C G G ] C I c J A F j g F ) C I
5 ? 5 = . < : 8 . : > = . > : :
` j g c g m j c i s t c t h d h g t s
j g t h f r c i p c r t k ` t l h s h m k g s k i j e c t h e
U l h c m m k d p c g y j g f g k t h s ` k r d
3 < . : < 5 . 5 = = . 5 6 3
5 0 < .? ? < . 0 0 ?
3 < . 8 ? : . 3 8 6
? 5 5 . = 0 5 .3 = 3 .6 0 3
3 : . > > ? . : 0 ? . 0 ? <
O c i c g m h c s k ` E h m h d o h r = 3 , ? > 3 3
j g t l h m u r r h g t y h c r
M k d p r h l h g s j v h j g m k d h
-
-
5 5 : . 0 : : . 8 > 8
-
( ? . ? 5 > . > > > . > > > )
? ? 6 . 0 > 3 .3 0 : .3 = =
E j v j e h g e p c y d h g t
O c i c g m h c s k ` E h m h d o h r = 3 , ? > 3 >
F h g h r c i r h s h r v h s
( = 0 . > ? 8 . 8 < : )
5 < 8 .6 ? 8 . > : =
= . < < 8 . 8 < 0 . ? 0 6
? ? = .6 3 8 . 8 < ? . < 0 0
j g m u r r h g t y h c r
M k d p r h l h g s j v h j g m k d h
O c i c g m h c s k ` B c g u c r y 3 , ? > 3 >
B u d i c l /
U k t c i
J g t h r h s t
G k g M k g t r k i i j g f
^ h g f h g e c i j /
A h p h g t j g f c g G k g
U k t c i H q u j t y
H a u j t c s /
B u d i c l
M K ^ G U ( H ] A x K C p I O r J h E H s C I s E h H U J G e M H E E j @ K H g K _ D _ ] U D u O X U C p H U _ j _ L H c G H l = D , ,3 Z H J U u ? H G o g > C U a i 3 _ K h ] s s 3 H @ C G C k G G M E t L E l J h E H C U G ] E r ? w > F ] j 3 H X s h > ] O J s G ] t J c E H t J h S C e X _ ) J U Z Z
U l h k r j f j g c i ` j g c g m j c i s t c t h d h g t s j g m i u e h s l h r h j g c r h j g J g e k g h s j c g i c g f u c f h
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z MKG]KIJECUHE ]UCUHDHGU] K@ MC]L @IKV] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA IC^K_CG C_X] AC] AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?>33 C_X] AC] EC_J CAUJPJUC] K^H_C]J ^hghrjdccg ecrj phicgffcg ^hgflcsjicg ougfc ^hdocycrcg ahpcec phdcska, acrycwcg ecg pjlca ahtjfc icjggyc ^hdocycrcg ougfc ^hdocycrcg pcbca Acs Ohrsjl ycgf Ejphrkihl ecrj Catjvjtcs Kphrcsj
C_X] AC] EC_J CAUJPJUC] JGPH]UC]J ^hrkihlcg csht thtcp Csht ecicd phdocgfugcg Acs Ohrsjl ycgf Ejfugcacg ugtua Catjvjtcs Jgvhstcsj
?>3>
<<=.>3<.<:<.503 3<>.656.5<=
5=0.<=>.6?<.:<6 305.0>6.=<>
(8>) 8> ) ( 5?5.<0?.36=.8<5) 5?5.<0?.36=.8<5) ( 8.0<<.0><.63<) 8.0<<.0><.63< ) ( 0.56<.?8>.586) 0.56<.?8>.586) ( 8.63<.536.=<: ) ” 56.??>.?00.6<6
8.085.:3?.=?0
Acs Ohrsjl ycgf Ejphrkihl ecrj Catjvjtcs ^hgecgccg AHGCJACG (^HGX_XGCG) AC] ECG OCGA
Ght Mcsl prkvjehe oy Kphrctjgf Cmtjvjtjhs MC]L @IKV] @_KD JGPH]UJGF CMUJPJUJH]
( 8<.05?.?0>.>00 )( - (
8.>>:.>3?.=>:) 8.>>:.>3?.=>:) Cmqujsjtjkg k` `jxhe csshts =.5<:.:>>.>>>) =.5<:.:>>.>>>) Csshts ugehr mkgstrumtjkg mkgstrumtjkg
(8<.05?.?0>.>00) ( <.5:<.:3?.=>:)
Ght Mcsl ushe jg oy Jgvhstjgf Cmtjvjtjhs
33.8>>.>>>.>>> ?5.85=.?88.365 - ( 33.0:8.>88.3=6) 33.0:8.>88.3=6) - ( 5<5.336.?:3) 5<5.336.?:3) ?.0=:.0<>.>>> ( 3.8>=.<=6.380) -
MC]L @IKV] @_KD @JGCGMJGF CMUJPJUJH] Jgmrhcsh ocga ikcg Ocga ikcg shttihdhgt Ktlhr rhmhjvcoihs Ujdh ehpksjt Ejvjehge ^cydhgt
C_X] AC] EC_J CAUJPJUC] ^HGECGCCG Ahgcjacg lutcgf ocga ^hiugcscg lutcgf ocga ^jutcgf icjg-icjg Ehpksjtk ohrbcgfac ^hdocycrcg ehvjehg
MC]L @IKV] @_KD K^H_CUJGF CMUJPJUJH] Mcsl rhmhjpts `rkd mustkdhrs Jgthrhst jgmkdh ^cydhgt tk suppijhrs, hdpikyhhs cge ktlhr tljre pcrtjhs Jgthrhst ^cydhgt Jgmkdh tcx ^cydhgt
38.>>=.60?.650
Ght Mcsl kotcjghe `rkd @jgcgmjgf Cmtjvjtjhs
(3.5?8.<=>.5=8 ) 3?.38:.60?.60=
GHU JGM_HC]H (EHM_HC]H) MC]L KG LCGE CGE OCGA]
:.::0.30?.<55
AC] ECG OCGA CVCI UCLXG
35.=3:.3=<.6<5
?.38:.=60.>?3
MC]L KG LCGE CGE OCGA] CU OHFJGGJGF K@ ZHC_
AC] ECG OCGA CALJ_ UCLXG
3?.<:=.=><.=5:
35.=3:.3=<.6<5
MC]L KG LCGE CGE OCGA] CU HGEJGF K@ ZHC_
Acs ecg ocga caljr tclug threjrj ecrj2 Acs Ocga
3<:.<53.3?: 3?.6>=.506.??>
5=.=6<.83: 35.?68.60>.?08
Mcsl kg lcge cge ocgas yhcr hgehe mkgsjst k`2 Mcsl kg lcge Ocgas
Budicl
3?.<:=.=><.=5:
35.=3:.3=<.6<5
Uktci Ulh cmmkdpcgyjgf gkths `krd jgthfrci pcrt k` tlhsh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
Mctctcg ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj dhrupcacg ocfjcg ycgf tjeca thrpjsclacg ecrj icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj.
8
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss kt lhrwjsh stcthe)
XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI
=3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
3.
XDXD
3.
c. ^hgejrjcg ^hrusclccg
FHGH_CI
c. Hstcoijsldhgt k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s
^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa (^hrusclccg) ejejrjacg ohrecscracg Catc Gktcrjs Gk. 63 tcgffci 33 Katkohr 3:6: ycgf ejouct ejlcecpcg Gktcrjs @rhehrja Cihxcgehr Uudoucg, ].L.,. Catc ^hgejrjcg jgj ejsclacg kihl Dhgthrj Ahlcajdcg _hpuoija Jgekghsjc ecicd ]urct Ahputuscggyc Gk. Z.C.8/=5/6 tcgffci : Buij 3:<3 shrtc ejududacg ecicd Ohrjtc Ghfcrc _hpuoija Jgekghsjc Gk 8: tcgffci 3? Bcgucrj 3:
^U Acohijgek Durgj Uoa (’tlh Mkdpcgy—) wcs hstcoijslhe ocshe kg Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk. 63 ecthe Kmtkohr 33, 3:6: dceh oh`krh @rhehrja Cihxcgehr Uudoucg, ].L.. Ulh Ehhe k` Hstcoijsldhgt wcs cpprkvhe oy tlh Djgjstry k` Bustjmh k` tlh _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc Jgekghsjc jg jts Ehmjsjkg Ihtthr Gk. Z.C.8/=5/6 Z.C.8/=5/6 ecthe Buiy :, 3:<3, cge wcs puoijslhe jg tlh ]tcth Fczhtth _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc Gk. 8:, ecthe Bcgucry 3?, 3:
Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrusclccg thicl dhgfcicdj ohohrcpc acij phruoclcg, ecg thrcaljr ejuocl ehgfcg Catc Gktcrjs Gk.>3 tcgffci 0 Katkohr ?>>< ycgf ejouct ejlcecpcg ejlcecpcg Gktcrjs Ihkijg Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ]L, dhgfhgcj phruoclcg cgffcrcg ecscr ^hrshrkcg ugtua ejshsucjacg ehgfcg Xgecgf-Xgecgf Gk. 5> Uclug ?>>6 thgtcgf ^hrshrkcg Uhroctcs. ^hruoclcg thrshout thicl dhgecpct phrshtubucg ecrj Dhgthrj Luaud ecg Lca Cscsj Dcgusjc _hpuoija Jgekghsjc Gk. CLX-<6=6=.CL.>3.>? Uclug ?>>< tcgffci 3< Gkphdohr ?>><.
Ulh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmihs k` Csskmjctjkg lcvh ohhg cdhgehe shvhrci tjdhs, cge tlh icthst cdhgedhgt wcs rhfjsthrhe oy gktcrjci ehhe Gk. >3, ecthe Kmtkohr 0, ?>><, dceh oh`krh Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ].L., mkgmhrgjgf tlh mlcgfhs jg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s crtjmihs k` csskmjctjkg tk mkg`krd wjtl Icw Gk. 5> k` ?>>6. Ulh Djgjstry k` Icw cge Ludcg _jflts k` tlh _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc cpprkvhe tlh cdhgedhgt tlrkufl jts ehmjsjkg ihtthr Gk. CLX- <6=6=.CLC.>3.>? Uclug ?>><, ecthe Gkvhdohr 3<, ?>><.
]hsucj ehgfcg ^csci = Cgffcrcg Ecscr ^hrusclccg, rucgf ijgfaup ahfjctcg ^hrusclccg cecicl ohrfhrca ejojecgf jgeustrj phdouctcg acohi ijstrja, acohi thihplkgh shrtc ycgf ohrluougfcg ehgfcg phrihgfacpcg acohi.
Jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl Crtjmih = k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s Crtjmihs k` Csskmjctjkg, tlh smkph k` jts cmtjvjtjhs crh tk hgfcfh dcjgiy jg tlh dcgu`cmturjgf k` hihmtrjmjty mcoih, mcoih thihplkgh cge mkgmhrgjgf wjtl mcoih hqujpdhgt.
^hrusclccg ecg pcorjagyc ohrikacsj ej Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk.?, Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uik Fceugf Bcacrtc. ^hrusclccg duicj ohrkphrcsj shmcrc akdhrsji pcec tclug 3:6:.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge jts picgt crh ikmcthe ct Bi. _cwcfjrcgf Gk.?, Acwcscg Jgeustrj ^uik Fceugf Bcacrtc. Ulh Mkdpcgy stcrthe jts mkddhrmjci kphrctjkgs jg 3:6:.
Ohrecscracg Catc Gktcrjs Gk. 3: tcgffci ?? Bugj ?>33 ycgf ejouct ejlcecpcg Gktcrjs Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ]L, susugcg Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ejrhasj ^hrusclccg phr tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg Catc Gk 3: tcgffci 3: Bugj ?>3> ycgf ejouct ejlcecpcg Gktcrjs Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ].L cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Ocshe kg tlh Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk. 3: ecthe ?? Bugh ?>33 dceh oh`krh Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ].L. tlh Mkdp cgy‚s cgy‚s Okcre k` Mkddjssjkghrs cge Ejrhmtkrs cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ocshe kg tlh Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk. 3: ecthe Bugh 3:, ?>3> dceh oh`krh Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ].L crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
Ehwcg Akdjscrjs Akdjscrjs Xtcdc Akdjscrjs Akdjscrjs Jgehphgehg
?>3>
2 ]khpkgk 2 Phrey Aklcr 2 Ehwc Gykdcg Cegycgc
0
Mkddjssjkghr Hiiy ]khpkgk 2 ^rhsjehgt Mkddjssjkghr Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk 2 Mkddjssjkghr Ehwc Gykdcg Cegycgc 2 Jgehphgehgt Mkddjssjkghr Ejaeja ]ufjlcrtk 2
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss kt lhrwjsh stcthe)
XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI
=3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
3.
XDXD (Icgbutcg)
3.
c. ^hgejrjcg ^hrusclccg (Icgbutcg) ?>33
Ehwcg Ejrhasj ^rhsjehg Ejrhatur Ejrhatur
Akdjth Cuejt Ahtuc Cgffktc
2 ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ]khpkgk 2 Ucg _kohrt Ucgtk 2 Jr. Vjokwk
2 Ehwc Gykdcg Cegycgc 2 Phrkgjmc Iuadcg 2 Ouej J. ]urocatj
FHGH_CI (Mkgtjguhe)
c. Hstcoijsldhgt k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s (Mkgtjguhe) (Mkgtjguhe) ?>3> Ejrhmtkrs ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ]khpkgk 2 ^rhsjehgt Ejrhmtkr Phrey Aklcr 2 Ejrhmtkr Jr. Vjokwk 2
Ejaeja ]ufjlcrtk Phrkgjmc Iuadcg Ouej J. ]urocatj
Cuejt Mkddjtthh Mkddjtthh 2 Lhce 2 Dhdohr 2
^caht rhdughrcsj ocfj Ehwcg Akdjscrjs ecg Ehwcg Ejrhasj ^hrusclccg ugtua tclug ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3> dcsjgfdcsjgf shohscr _p 3,:6 djiycr ecg _p 3,:8 djiycr.
@kr tlh yhcrs ?>33 cge ?>3>, tlh tktci mkdphgsctjkg `kr tlh mkddjssjkghrs cge ejrhmtkrs k` tlh Mkdpcgy cdkugthe tk _p 3,:6 ojiijkg cge _p 3,:8 ojiijkg, rhsphmtjvhiy.
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhdpugycj budicl phfcwcj dcsjgf-dcsjgf shbudicl === ecg ?88 krcgf acrycwcg pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3>.
Cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33, ?>3>, tlh Mkdpcgy cge Jts ]uosjejcry lcvh c tktci gudohr k` === cge ?88 phrdcghgt hdpikyhhs, hdpikyhhs, rhsphmtjvhiy .
o. ^hgcwcrcg Xdud Xdud ]clcd ^hrusclccg
o. ^uoijm K``hrjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ]lcrhs
^cec tclug 3::?, ^hrusclccg dhicauacg phgcwcrcg sclcd ahpcec dcsycrcact shocgyca 80 shocgyca 80 butc sclcd. ^hgcwcrcg sclcd ahpcec dcsycrcact thrshout thicl ejmctct ej Oursc H`ha Jgekghsjc (OHJ) pcec tclug 3::8, ^hrusclccg bufc dhicauacg phgcdoclcg budicl sclcd threc`tcr dhiciuj ^hgcwcrcg Xdud Uhroctcs. ]clcd-sclcd thrshout bufc thicl ejmctctacg pcec OHJ.
Jg 3::?, tlh Mkdpcgy mkgeumthe cg Jgjtjci ^uoijm K``hrjgf (J^K) k` 80 djiijkg slcrhs. Ulh slcrhs k``hrhe tk puoijm jg tlh J^K whrh ijsthe kg Jgekghsjc ]tkma Hxmlcgfh (JE\) jg 3::8. Mkdpcgy cisk lcs ceejtjkgci slcrhs tlrkufl Ijdjthe ^uoijm K``hrjgf. Ulh slcrhs whrh cisk ijsthe kg JE\.
m. Hgtjtcs Cgca
m. ]uosjejcry ^hrshgtcsh Ahphdjijacg / ^hrmhgtcfh k` kwghrsljp
Hgtjtcs Cgca / ]uosjejcry
^U Lkthijgek Durgj
Ekdjsjij / Ekdjmjih Gcgffrkh Cmhl Ecrusscicd
Bhgjs usclc / Gcturh k` cmtjvjtjhs ^hrlkthicg / Lkthi
=3 Ehs / Ehm ?>33
=3 Ehs / Ehm ?>3>
:<.==%
:<.==%
6
Budicl Csht / Uktci Cssht Uclug kphrcsjkgci akdhrsjci / ]tcrt k` mkddhrmjci kphrctjkgs Cprji ?>><
=3 Ehs / Ehm ?>33
=3 Ehs / Ehm ?>3>
53.?<>.80=.68=
53.:=6.63=.?><
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF
?.
Icpkrcg ahucgfcg ecg ahojbcacg caugtcgsj ejsusug ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca ehgfcg dhgffugcacg prjgsjp ecg prcatha caugtcgsj ycgf ohricau udud ej Jgekghsjc ycjtu ^hrgyctccg ]tcgecre Caugtcgsj Jgekghsjc (^]CA), ^hrcturcg Ocecg ^hgfcwcs ^cscr Dkeci (’OC^H^CD—) ecg phekdcg phgycbjcg ecg phgfugfacpcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ugtua phrusclccg dcgu`catur puoija shocfcjdcgc ycgf ejrudusacg kihl OC^H^CD. Ahojbcacg caugtcgsj phgtjgf ejthtcpacg shmcrc akgsjsthg ecicd phgyusugcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH]
Ulh cmmkdpcgyjgf mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts lcvh ohhg prhpcrhe jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl fhghrciiy cmmhpthe cmmkugtjgf prjgmjpihs cge prcmtjmhs jg Jgekghsjc, wljml crh tlh ]tcthdhgts k` @jgcgmjci Cmmkugtjgf ]tcgecre (^]CA), Jgekghsjcg Mcpjtci Dcraht ]uphrvjskry Okcre (’OC^H^CD—) rhfuictjkgs cge fujehijghs `kr `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts prhshgtctjkg `kr dcgu`cmturjgf mkdpcgjhs. Ulh sjfgj`jmcgt cmmkugtjgf prjgmjpihs, wljml whrh cppijhe mkgsjsthgtiy jg tlh prhpcrctjkg k` tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts, crh cs `kiikws2 `kiikws2
c. Ecscr ^hgycbjcg ^hgycbjcg Icpkrcg Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg
c. Ocsjs k` ^rhpcrctjkg k` k` @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgts
Icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ejsusug ohrecscracg akgshp ojcyc ljstkrjs (ljstkrjmci (ljstkrjmci mkst ), ), ahmucij ugtua phrshejccg ycgf ejgyctcacg ohrecscracg gjicj thrhgecl cgtcrc ojcyc phrkihlcg ecg gjicj rhcijscsj ohrsjl (tlh (tlh ikwhr k` mkst kr ght rhcijzcoih vciuh ) ecg csht thrthgtu ycgf ejgjicj ahdocij. Icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ejsusug ehgfcg ohrecscracg akgshp caruci (cmmruci (cmmruci ocsjs ), ), ahmucij ugtua icpkrcg crus acs akgskijecsj.
Ulh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts lcvh ohhg prhpcrhe usjgf tlh ljstkrjmci mkst mkgmhpt, hxmhpt `kr jgvhgtkrjhs, wljml crh stcthe ct tlh ikwhr k` mkst kr ght rhcijzcoih vciuh cge mhrtcjg `jxhe csshts wljml crh rhvciuhe. Ulh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts lcvh ohhg prhpcrhe ugehr cmmruci ocsjs, hxmhpt `kr tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` mcsl `ikws.
Icpkrcg crus acs akgskijecsj ejsusug ehgfcg dhgffugcacg dhtkeh icgfsugf ehgfcg dhgfhikdpkaacg crus acs ctcs ecscr catjvjtcs kphrcsj, jgvhstcsj ecg phgecgccg. Dctc ucgf phicpkrcg ycgf ejfugcacg kihl ugtua phgyusugcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj cecicl _upjcl Jgekghsjc.
Ulh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` mcsl `ikws crh prhshgthe usjgf tlh ejrhmt dhtlke cge micssj`y k` mcsl `ikw jgtk kphrctjgf, jgvhstjgf cge `jgcgmjgf cmtjvjtjhs. Ulh rhpkrtjgf murrhgmy ushe jg tlh prhpcrctjkg k` tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts js tlh Jgekghsjcg _upjcl.
o. ^rjgsjp Akgskijecsj
o. ^rjgmjpihs k` Mkgskijectjkg
Icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj dhijputj icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca ehgfcg phdjijacg ihojl ecrj 8>%, ocja icgfsugf dcupug tjeca icgfsugf. ]hduc ]ciek ecg trcgscasj cgtcr phrusclccg ejhijdjgcsj ugtua dhgmhrdjgacg pksjsj ahucgfcg ecg lcsji usclc ^hrusclccg ecg Cgca ^hrusclccg shocfcj sctu ahsctucg usclc. ^krsj phdjijacg phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs ctcs csht ohrsjl Hgtjtcs Cgca ejscbjacg shocfcj ’Lca Djgkrjtcs— pcec ghrcmc akgskijecsj.
Ulh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiueh tlh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts cge jts ]uosjejcry wlhrhjg tlh Mkdpcgy lcs kwghrsljp ejrhmt kr jgejrhmt kwghrsljp jgthrhst k` dkrh tlcg 8>% (Gkth 3). Cii sjfgj`jmcgt jgthr-mkdpcgy ocicgmhs cge trcgscmtjkgs crh hijdjgcthe tk rh`ihmt tlh `jgcgmjci pksjtjkg cge tlh rhsuits k` kphrctjkgs k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry cs kgh ousjghss hgtjty. Djgkrjty jgthrhsts jg ght csshts k` ]uosjejcry crh prhshgthe cs ’Djgkrjty Jgthrhsts— jg tlh mkgskijecthe ocicgmh slhhts—.
<
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
o. ^rjgsjp Akgskijecsj (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
o. ^rjgmjpihs k` Mkgskijectjkg Mkgskijectjkg (Mkgtjguhe) (Mkgtjguhe)
Ahphgtjgfcg gkg phgfhgecij ctcs icoc (rufj) ohrsjl Hgtjtcs Cgca ecicd icpkrcg icoc rufj akgskijecsj ejscbjacg shocfcj (phgcdocl) phgfurcgf ecrj icoc ohrsjl akgskijecsj shohiud Ahphgtjgfcg gkg phgfhgecij ugtua dhgecpctacg budicl icoc (rufj) ohrsjl ^hrusclccg. Ahrufjcg Hgtjtcs Cgca ycgf dhgbcej ocfjcg ecrj phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs pcec suctu Cgca ^hrusclccg ecpct dhihojlj ocfjcggyc ctcs haujtcs Hgtjtcs Cgca thrshout. Ahihojlcg thrshout ecg ecg ahrufjcg ahrufjcg ihojl icgbut ycgf ycgf dhgbcej ocfjcg phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs, ejohocgacg pcec ^hrusclccg shocfcj phdhfcgf sclcd dcykrjtcs, ahmucij threcpct ahwcbjocg ycgf dhgfjact phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs ugtua dhgutupj ahrufjcg thrshout ecg phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs dcdpu dhdhgulj ahwcbjocggyc. Cpcojic pcec tclug shicgbutgyc Hgtjtcs Cgca dhicpkracg icoc thrshout, dcac icoc thrshout thrihojl ecluiu ejcikacsjacg ahpcec ^hrusclccg shocfcj phdhfcgf sclcd dcykrjtcs scdpcj shiurul ocfjcg ahrufjcg phdhfcgf sclcd djgkrjtcs ycgf ejohocgacg pcec ^hrusclccg ecpct ejtutup.
Gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst jg ght hcrgjgf (ikss) k` ]uosjejcry js prhshgthe jg tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh cs ceejtjkgs tk (eheumtjkgs `rkd) tlh mkgskijecthe jgmkdh oh`krh djgkrjty jgthrhsts tk crrjvh ct tlh ght prk`jt cttrjoutcoih tk tlh Mkdpcgy. Ulh iksshs cppijmcoih tk tlh djgkrjty jgthrhsts jg tlh ]uosjejcry dcy hxmhhe tlh gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst ‚ hqujty jg tlh ]uosjejcry. Ulh hxmhss, cge cgy `urtlhr iksshs cppijmcoih tk tlh Gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst, crh coskrohe oy tlh Mkdpcgy cs tlh dcbkr slcrhlkiehr cge koijfctjkgs k` gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst jg ght ijcojijtjhs js ohmcdh tlh koijfctjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy cs tlh dcbkr slcrhlkiehr hxmhpt tk tlh hxthgt tlct Gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst lcvh ojgejgf koijfctjkgs tk, cge crh coih tk dcah fkke k` tlh iksshs. J` tlh ]uosjejcry suoshquhgtiy rhpkrts prk`jts, tlh dcbkr jgthrhst lkiehr, jg tlh mcsh, tlh Mkdpcgy js ciikmcthe cii suml prk`jts ugtji tlh gkg-mkgtrkijgf ‚s ‚s slcrh k` iksshs prhvjkusiy rhmkfgjzhe oy tlh Mkdpcgy lcs ohhg k``sht.
m. ^jutcgf Xsclc
m. Urceh _hmhjvcoihs
^jutcgf usclc ejouauacg ecicd budicl aktkr ejaurcgfj phgyjsjlcg pjutcgf rcfu-rcfu. ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghtcpacg phgyjsjlcg pjutcgf rcfu ”rcfu, ohrecscracg phghicclcg thrlcecp akgejsj caug pjutcgf dcsjgf-dcsjgf phicgffcg pcec caljr phrjkeh.
Urceh rhmhjvcoihs rhmkrehe ct frkss ihss ciikwcgmh `kr ekuot`ui cmmkugts. Ulh Mkdp cgy cge tlh suosjejcry crh prkvjehe ciikwcgmh `kr ekuot`ui cmmkugts ocshe kg c rhsuit k` tlh rhvjhw k` tlh stctus k` tlh jgejvjeuci rhmhjvcoih cmmkugts ct tlh hge k` tlh yhcr.
e. Urcgscasj ehgfcg ^jlca-pjlca ycgf Ohrhicsj
e. Urcgscmtjkgs wjtl _hicthe ^crtjhs
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhdpugycj trcgscasj ehgfcg pjlca-pjlca ycgf ohrhicsj, shocfcjdcgc ejdcasue ecicd ^]CA Gk. 6, ’^hgfugfacpcg ^jlca pjlca ycgf Ohrhicsj—. ]hiurul trcgscasj ycgf sjfgj`jacg ehgfcg pjlca-pjlca ycgf ohrhicsj, ocja ycgf ejicauacg ehgfcg ctcu tjeca ehgfcg akgejsj ecg phrsycrctcg ycgf scdc shocfcjdcgc ejicauacg ehgfcg pjlca ahtjfc, ejugfacpacg ecicd mctctcg ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge jts suosjejcry lcvh trcgscmtjkgs wjtl pcrtjhs, wljml crh rhfcrehe cs lcvjgf sphmjci rhictjkgsljps, cs eh`jghe ugehr tlh ^]CA Gk. 6, ’_hicthe ^crty Ejsmiksurhs—. Cii sjfgj`jmcgt trcgscmtjkgs wjtl rhicthe pcrtjhs, wlhtlhr kr gkt mkgeumthe ugehr thrds cge mkgejtjkgs sjdjicr tk tlksh wjtl tljre pcrtjhs, crh ejsmikshe jg tlh gkths tk tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
:
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
h. ^hrshejccg
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
h. Jgvhgtkrjhs
^hrshejccg ejgyctcacg shohscr gjicj thrhgecl cgtcrc ojcyc phrkihlcg ecg gjicj ohrsjl ycgf ecpct ejrhcijscsjacg. Ojcyc phrkihlcg ejthgtuacg ehgfcg dhtkeh dcsua phrtcdc, ahiucr phrtcdc (`jrst-jg, `jrst-kut dhtlke). `. Ojcyc Ejocycr ej Duac
Jgvhgtkrjhs crh stcthe ct tlh ikwhr k` mkst kr ght rhcijzcoih vciuh. Ulh mkst js ehthrdjghe usjgf tlh `jrst-jg `jrst-kut (@J@K) dhtlke.
`. ^rhpcje Hxphgshs
Ojcyc ejocycr ejduac ejohocgacg pcec kphrcsj shicdc dcsc dcg`cct dcsjgf-dcsjgf.
^rhpcje hxphgshs crh mlcrfhe tk kphrctjkgs kvhr tlh phrjkes ohgh`jthe.
f. Csht Uhtcp
f. @jxhe Csshts
Csht thtcp, ahmucij tcgcl, ejgyctcacg shohscr ojcyc phrkihlcg ejaurcgfj cauduicsj phgyusutcg. ^hgyusutcg ejljtugf ehgfcg dhgffugcacg dhtkeh fcrjs iurus ohrecscracg tcasjrcg dcsc dcg`cct hakgkdjs csht thtcp shocfcj ohrjaut2
@jxhe csshts, hxmhpt icge, crh stcthe ct mkst, ihss cmmuduicthe ehprhmjctjkg. Ehprhmjctjkg js mkdputh usjgf tlh strcjflt-ijgh dhtlke ocshe kg tlh hstjdcthe ush`ui ijvhs k` tlh csshts cs `kiikws2
Uclug / Zhcr Ocgfugcg ecg prcscrcgc Dhsjg ecg phrcictcg Cict-cict phgfcgfautcg ^hrcictcg acgtkr
?> < ” ?> 8 8
Ojcyc phrocjacg ecg phdhijlcrccg ejohocgacg pcec kphrcsj pcec scct thrbcejgyc1 phdufcrcg ecg phgcdoclcg ecicd budicl sjfgj`jacg ejacpjtcijscsj. Csht thtcp ycgf suecl tjeca ejfugcacg icfj ctcu ycgf ejbuci, ojcyc phrkihlcg ecg cauduicsj phgyusutcggyc ej ahiucracg ecrj ahikdpka csht thtcp ycgf ohrscgfautcg ecg icoc ctcu rufj ycgf thrbcej ejarhejtacg ctcu ejohocgacg pcec kphrcsj phrjkeh ycgf ohrscgfautcg.
Oujiejgf cge jdprkvhdhgts Dcmljghry cge hqujpdhgt Urcgspkrtctjkg ” hqujpdhgt hqujpdhgt K``jmh hqujpdhgt Ulh mkst k` rhpcjrs cge dcjgthgcgmh js mlcrfhe tk kphrctjkgs kphrctjkgs cs jgmurrh jgmurrhe1 e1 sjfgj`jmcg sjfgj`jmcgtt rhghwcis rhghwcis cg ohtthrdhgts crh mcpjtcijzhe. Vlhg csshts crh rhtjrhe kr ktlhrwjsh ejspkshe k`, tlhjr mksts cge tlh rhicthe cmmuduicthe ehprhmjctjkg crh rhdkvhe `rkd tlh cmmkugts cge cgy rhsuitjgf fcjg kr ikss js mrhejthe kr mlcrfhe tk tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh k` tlh murrhgt kphrctjkgs.
Ucgcl ejgyctcacg ohrecscracg ojcyc phrkihlcg ecg tjeca ejcdkrtjscsj. Ojcyc-ojcyc thrthgtu shluougfcg ehgfcg phrkihlcg ctcu phrpcgbcgfcg lca phdjijacg tcgcl, bjac cec, ejtcgffulacg ecg ejscbjacg shmcrc thrpjscl ecrj ojcyc phrkihlcg tcgcl ecicd ghrcmc akgskijecsj. Ohocg ejtcgffulacg thrshout ejcdkrtjscsj shicdc phrjkeh lca ctcs tcgcl ctcu udur hakgkdjs tcgcl, dcgc ycgf ihojl phgeha.
Icge js stcthe ct cmqujsjtjkg mkst cge gkt cdkrtjzhe. ]phmj`jm mksts csskmjcthe wjtl tlh cmqujsjtjkg kr rhghwci k` icge rjflts j` cgy, crh eh`hrrhe cge prhshgthe shpcrcthiy `rkd tlh mkst k` icge jg mkgskijecthe ocicgmh slhhts. ]uml eh`hrrhe mksts crh ohjgf cdkrtjzhe kvhr tlh ihfci thrd k` tlh icge-rjflts kr hmkgkdjm ij`h k` tlh icge, wljmlhvhr js slkrthr.
3>
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
f. Csht Uhtcp (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
f. @jxhe Csshts (Mkgtjguhe)
Budicl csht ycgf ecpct ejpuijlacg ahdocij ejhstjdcsj, pcec scct threcpct ahbcejcg ctcs phruoclcg ycgf dhgfjgejacsjacg oclwc gjicj thrmctctgyc dugfajg tjeca ecpct thrpuijlacg. ^hgurugcg gjicj csht ejcauj shocfcj rufj pcec icpkrcg icoc rufj akgskijecsj. Budicl csht ycgf ecpct ejpuijlacg ahdocij ejuaur ehgfcg gjicj ycgf ihojl tjgffj cgtcrc lcrfc buci ohrsjl ecg gjicj pcacj.
Ulh ght rhmkvhrcoih cdkugt k` cg cssht js hstjdcthe wlhghvhr hvhgts kr mlcgfhs jg mjrmudstcgmhs jgejmcth tlct jts mcrryjgf cdkugt dcy gkt oh `uiiy rhmkvhrcoih. Jdpcjrdhgt jg cssht vciuh js rhmkfgjzhe cs ikss jg tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh. Ulh rhmkvhrcoih cdkugt k` cg cssht js dhcsurhe cs tlh ljflhr k` tlh ght shiijgf prjmh kr vciuh jg ush.
Cauduicsj ojcyc ycgf ejahiucracg ugtua csht thtcp ecicd phgfhrbccg ctcu phdcscgfcg ejscbjacg shocfcj csht ecicd phgyhihscjcg shocfcj ocfjcg ecrj caug csht thtcp. Cpcojic csht thrshout thicl shihscj ejocgfug ecg sjcp ejfugcacg, cauduicsj ojcyc thrshout ejpjgeclacg ah caug csht thtcp ohrscgfautcg.
Ulh cmmuduicthe mksts k` csshts jg prkfrhss kr ugehr jgstciictjkg crh prhshgthe cs mkgstrumtjkg jg prkfrhss ugehr `jxhe csshts. Ulh mkgstrumtjkg jg prkfrhss crh trcgs`hrrhe tk tlh rhsphmtjvh `jxhe csshts wlhg mkgstrumtjkg js mkdpihthe cge tlh csshts js rhcey `kr ush.
l. ^hgfcaucg ^hgecpctcg ^hgecpctcg ecg Ohocg
l. _hvhguh cge Hxphgsh _hmkfgjtjkg
^hgecpctcg ecrj phgbucicg ejcauj pcec scct phgyhrclcg ocrcgf ahpcec phicgffcg shsucj ehgfcg sycrct-sycrct phgbucicg.
_hvhguh js rhmkfgjzhe wlhg tlh prkeumts crh ehijvhrhe tk mustkdhrs cge jgvkjmhs crh dceh. Hxphgshs crh rhmkfgjzhe wlhg jgmurrhe (cmmruci ocsjs).
j. ^hgyjsjlcg Jdocicg Ahrbc
j. ^rkvjsjkg `kr ^kst-Hdpikydhgt Ohgh`jts
^hrusclccg dhghrcpacg ^]CA Gk. ?5 (_hvjsj ?>>5), ’Jdocicg Ahrbc—. ^hrgyctccg jgj dhwcbjoacg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgfcauj shiurul jdocicg ahrbc ycgf ejohrjacg dhiciuj prkfrcd ctcu phrbcgbjcg `krdci ecg jg`krdci, phrcturcg phrugecgf-ugecgfcg ctcu phrcturcg jgeustrj ycgf dhgmcaup jdocicg pcsmc ahrbc, jdocicg ahrbc bcgfac phgeha ecg bcgfac pcgbcgf icjggyc, phscgfkg phdutuscg luougfcg ahrbc ecg jdocicg ohrocsjs haujtcs.
33
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry cekpthe ^]CA Gk. ?5 (_hvjshe ?>>5), ’Hdpikyhh Ohgh`jts—. Uljs ]tcthdhgt rhqujrhs tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry tk prkvjeh cii hdpikyhh ohgh`jts ugehr `krdci cge jg`krdci picgs kr cfrhhdhgts, ugehr ihfjsictjvh rhqujrhdhgts kr tlrkufl jgeustry crrcgfhdhgts, jgmiuejgf pkst-hdpikydhgt ohgh`jts, slkrt-thrd cge ktlhr ikgf-thrd hdpikyhh ohgh`jts, thrdjgctjkg ohgh`jts cge hqujty mkdphgsctjkg ohgh`jts.
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
j. ^hgyjsjlcg Jdocicg Ahrbc (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
j. ^rkvjsjkg `kr ^kst-Hdpikydhgt Ohgh`jts (Mkgtjguhe)
Ohrecscracg ^]CA Gk. ?5 (_hvjsj ?>>5), phrljtugfcg hstjdcsj ahwcbjocg ugtua jdocicg ahrbc acrycwcg ohrecscracg Xgecgf-ugecgf ejthgtuacg ehgfcg dhgffugcacg dhtkeh catucrjci ’^rkbhmthe Xgjt Arhejt—. Ahugtugfcg ctcu ahrufjcg catucrjci ejcauj shocfcj phgecpctcg ctcu ohocg cpcojic cauduicsj ahugtugfcg ctcu ahrufjcg catucrjci ohrsjl ycgf ohiud ejcauj pcec caljr tclug phicpkrcg shohiudgyc dhihojlj budicl ycgf ihojl ohscr ejcgtcrc 3>% ecrj gjicj ajgj jdocicg pcstj ctcu ecrj gjicj wcbcr csht prkfrcd pcec tcgffci thrshout. Ahugtugfcg ctcu ahrufjcg ejcauj ehgfcg dhtkeh fcrjs Iurus shicdc rctc-rctc sjsc dcsc ahrbc acrycwcg ycgf ejlcrcpacg.
Ocshe kg ^]CA Gk. ?5 (_hvjshe ?>>5), tlh mcimuictjkg k` hstjdcthe ijcojijty k` hdpikyhh ohgh`jts ocshe kg tlh Icw js ehthrdjghe usjgf— tlh ^rkbhmthe Xgjt Mrhejt— cmtucrjci dhtlke. Cmtucrjci fcjgs kr iksshs crh rhmkfgjzhe cs jgmkdh kr hxphgsh wlhg tlh ght muduictjvh ugrhmkfgjzhe cmtucrjci fcjgs cge iksshs ct tlh hge k` tlh prhvjkus rhpkrtjgf yhcr hxmhhehe tlh frhcthr tlcg 3>% k` tlh prhshgt vciuh k` tlh eh`jghe ohgh`jt koijfctjkgs kr tlh `cjr vciuh k` cgy picg csshts ct tlct ecth. Ulh fcjgs kr iksshs crh rhmkfgjzhe kg c strcjflt-ijgh ocsjs kvhr tlh hxphmthe rhdcjgjgf wkrajgf ijvhs hdpikyhhs.
Budicl ycgf ejcauj shocfcj ahwcbjocg jdocicg pcstj ej ghrcmc akgskijecsj dhrupcacg gjicj ajgj ahwcbjocg jdocicg pcstj ejshsucjacg ehgfcg ahugtugfcg ecg ahrufjcg catucrjci ycgf ohiud ejcauj, ecg ojcyc bcsc iciu ohiud ejcauj.
Ulh ohgh`jt koijfctjkg rhmkfgjzhe jg tlh mkgskijecthe ocicgmh slhhts rhprhshgts tlh prhshgt vciuh k` tlh eh`jghe ohgh`jt koijfctjkg, cs cebusthe `kr ugrhmkfgjzhe cmtucrjci fcjgs cge iksshs cge ugrhmkfgjzhe pcst shrvjmh mkst. b. @krhjfg Murrhgmy Urcgscmtjkgs cge Ocicgmhs
b. Urcgscasj ecg ]ciek ecicd Dctc Xcgf Csjgf Urcgscasj ecicd dctc ucgf csjgf ejmctct ohrecscracg aurs ycgf ohricau pcec scct trcgscasj ejicauacg. ^cec tcgffci ghrcmc, csht ecg ahwcbjocg dkghthr ecicd dctc ucgf csjgf ejshsucjacg ugtua dhgmhrdjgacg aurs ycgf ohricau pcec tcgffci thrshout ecg icoc ctcu rufj aurs ycgf thrbcej ejarhejt ctcu ejohocgacg pcec usclc tclug ohrbcicg.
Urcgscmtjkgs jgvkivjgf `krhjfg murrhgmjhs crh rhmkrehe jg cdkugts ct tlh rcths k` hxmlcgfh prhvcjijgf ct tlh tjdh tlh trcgscmtjkgs crh dceh. Ct ocicgmh slhht ecth, csshts cge ijcojijtjhs ehgkdjgcthe jg `krhjfg murrhgmjhs crh cebusthe tk rh`ihmt tlh rcths k` hxmlcgfh prhvcjijgf ct tlct ecth cge tlh rhsuitjgf fcjgs kr iksshs crh mrhejthe kr mlcrfhe tk murrhgt kphrctjkgs.
Aurs utcdc ycgf ejfugcacg, ohrecscracg aurs thgfcl ycgf ejthrojtacg Ocga Jgekghsjc cec shocfcj ohrjaut (ecicd sctucg _upjcl)
Ulh dcjg hxmlcgfh rcth ushe, ocshe kg tlh djeeih rcths puoijslhe oy Ocga Jgekghsjc, crh cs `kiikws (`uii _upjcl)2
?>33 Ekiicr Cdhrjac ]hrjac (’X]E—) Hurk Hrkpc (’HX_—) ]jgfcpkrh Ekiicr (’]FE—)
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Xgjthe ]tcths Ekiicrs (’X]E—) Hurkphcg Hurk (’HX_—) ]jgfcpkrh Ekiicr (’]FE— )
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
a. ^cbca ^hgflcsjicg
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
j. Jgmkdh Ucx
Ohocg pcbca tclug ohrbcicg ejljtugf ohrecscracg hstjdcsj phgecpctcg ahgc pcbca tclug ohrscgfautcg. ^hgflcsjicg ctcu ohocg pcbca tcgffulcg ejljtugf shsucj ehgfcg ^]CA Gk. 50, ’Caugtcgsj ^cbca ^hgflcsjicg—. Dhtkeh pcbca phgflcsjicg tcgffulcg ejthrcpacg ugtua dhgmhrdjgacg phgfcrul pcbca ctcs ohec thdpkrhr cgtcrc phicpkrcg akdhrsjci ecg pcbca shrtc cauduicsj akdphgscsj rufj `jsaci ycgf ejhstjdcsj ecpct ejpuijlacg.
Murrhgt tcx hxphgsh js ehthrdjghe ocshe kg tlh hstjdcthe tcxcoih jgmkdh `kr tlh yhcr. Eh`hrrhe tcx ohgh`jt kr hxphgsh js mcimuicthe jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl ^]CA Gk. 50,—Cmmkugtjgf `kr Jgmkdh Ucx—. Ulh eh`hrrhe jgmkdh tcx dhtlke js cppijhe tk rh`ihmt tlh h``hmts k` tjdjgf ej``hrhgmhs ohtwhhg `jgcgmjci rhpkrtjgf cge jgmkdh tcx purpkshs cge cmmuduicthe tcx ikss mcrry `krwcre wljml js hstjdcthe tk oh `uiiy rhmkvhrcoih.
Akrhasj thrlcecp ahwcbjocg phrpcbcacg ejcauj pcec scct ]urct Ahthtcpcg ^cbca ejthrjdc ctcu pcec scct ahputuscg ctcs ahohrctcg thicl ejthtcpacg bjac ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgfcbuacg ahohrctcg.
Cdhgedhgts tk tcx koijfctjkg crh rhmkrehe wlhg c tcx csshssdhgt ihtthr js rhmhjvhe kr, j` cpphcihe cfcjgst oy tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry wlhg tlh rhsuit k` tlh cpphci js ehthrdjghe.
i. Jg`krdcsj ]hfdhg
i. ]hfdhgt Jg`krdctjkg
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgycbjacg jg`krdcsj shfdhg ugtua tubucg dhgfhvciucsj ajghrbc shfdhg ecg cikacsj ecrj sudohr ecyc. Jg`krdcsj shfdhg ejscbjacg ohrecscracg prkeua shocfcj shfdhg usclc ecg crhc phdcscrcg shocfcj shfdhg fhkfrc`js.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry prhshgts shfdhgt jg`krdctjkg `kr tlh purpksh k` hvciuctjgf tlh phr`krdcgmh k` tlh shfdhgts cge tlh ciikmctjkg k` rhskurmhs. ]hfdhgt jg`krdctjkg js prhshgthe cmmkrejgf tk tlh fhghrci micssj`jmctjkg k` prkeumt cs c ousjghss shfdhgt cge dcrahtjgf crhcs cs fhkfrcpljmci shfdhgt.
d. Icoc phr ]clcd Ecscr
d. Hcrgjgf ^hr ]lcrh
Icoc ohrsjl phr sclcd ejljtugf ehgfcg dhdocfj icoc ohrsjl ehgfcg rctc-rctc thrtjdocgf budicl sclcd ycgf ohrhecr pcec phrjkeh ycgf ohrscgfautcg.
Ocsjm hcrgjgf phr slcrhs js mkdputhe oy ejvjejgf ght jgmkdh wjtl tlh whjflthe-cvhrcfh gudohr k` slcrhs kutstcgejgf eurjgf phrjke.
g. ^hgffugccg Hstjdcsj
g. Xsh k` hstjdcths
^hgycbjcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj shsucj ehgfcg prjgsjp caugtcgsj ycgf ohricau udud dhgflcrusacg dcgcbhdhg dhdouct hstjdcsjhstjdcsj ecg csudsj-csudsj ycgf dhdphgfcrulj cgfac ycgf ejscbjacg ecicd icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj. Acrhgc cecgyc ahtjecapcstjcg ycgf dhihact ecicd phdouctcg hstjdcsj, lcsji catuci ycgf ejscbjacg ejdcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf dugfajg ohrecscracg budicl ycgf ohrohec ehgfcg hstjdcsj thrshout.
Ulh prhpcrctjkg k` mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jg mkg`krdjty wjtl fhghrciiy cmmhpthe cmmkugtjgf prjgmjpihs rhqujrhs dcgcfhdhgt tk dcah hstjdcths cge cssudptjkgs tlct c``hmt cdkugts rhpkrthe tlhrhjg. Euh tk jglhrhgt ugmhrtcjgty jg dcajgf hstjdcths, cmtuci rhsuits rhpkrthe jg tlh `uturh phrjkes djflt oh ocshe kg cdkugts tlct ej``hr `rkd tlksh hstjdcths.
3=
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
k. Aucsj _hkrfcgjscsj
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH (Mkgtjguhe)
k. Sucsj-_hkrfcgjzctjkg
Ohrecscracg ^]CA Gk 83 (_hvjsj ?>>=), ’Caugtcgsj Aucsj ”_hkrfcgjscsj—, ”_hkrfcgjscsj—, aucsj ”rhkrfcgjscsj dhrupcacg prksheur caugtcgsj ycgf dhgfctur phrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhrhstruaturjscsj haujtcsgyc ehgfcg dhgfljicgfacg eh`jsjt ecg dhgjicj ahdocij shiurul csht ecg ahwcbjocggyc, tcgpc dhiciuj rhkrfcgjscsj shmcrc luaud, ehgfcg gjicj wcbcr, ugtua dhduicj ecrj cwci ycgf ocja (`rhsl ( `rhsl stcrt ), ), ehgfcg ghrcmc ycgf dhgugbuaacg gjicj shacrcgf tcgpc ejohocgj eh`jsjt.
Ocshe kg ^]CA Gk. 83 (?>>= rhvjsjkg), ’Cmmkugtjgf `kr Sucsj - _hkrfcgjzctjkg—, c qucsj -rhkrfcgjzctjkg -rhkrfcgjzctjkg js cg cmmkugtjgf prkmheurh wljml wjii hgcoih tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry tk rhstrumturh jts hqujty oy hijdjgctjgf cgy eh`jmjt cge rhcpprcjsh cii jts csshts cge ijcojijtjhs, wjtlkut fkjgf tlrkufl c ihfci rhkrfcgjzctjkg wjtl `cjr vciuh, `rkd tlh ohfjggjgf (`rhsl stcrt) wjtl c ocicgmh slhht slkwjgf tlh murrhgt vciuhs wjtlkut ohjgf ourehg oy cgy eh`jmjt.
Eh`jsjt ecg shijsjl phgjicjcg ahdocij ejhijdjgcsj ah shijsjl phgjicjcg ahdocij csht thtcp ecg caug tcdoclcg dkeci ejshtkr. Ecicd lci tcdoclcg dkeci ejshtkr tjeca dhgmuaupj ugtua dhgflcpus eh`jsjt shthicl prkshs phgjicjcg ahdocij csht ecg ahwcbjocg ecg phgjicjcg ahdocij csht thtcp, sjsc eh`jsjt cacg ejlcpus ah dkeci sclcd. Xgtua dcasue jgj dkeci sclcd cacg ejrhstruaturjscsj ihojl euiu ehgfcg dhgurugacg gjicj gkdjgcigyc ecg dhgcdoclacg budicl phgurugcg jgj pcec caug tcdoclcg dkeci ejshtkr.
Eh`jmjts cge tlh rhvciuctjkg ej``hrhgmh slcii oh hijdjgcthe tk rhvciuctjkg jgmrhdhgt jg `jxhe csshts cge tk tlh ceejtjkgci pcje-jg mcpjtci cmmkugt. Jg tlh hvhgt tlh ceejtjkgci pcje-jg mcpjtci js gkt su``jmjhgt tk hijdjgcth tlh eh`jmjt c`thr tlh csshts cge ijcojijtjhs rhvciuctjkg jg csshts cge ijcojijtjhs cge `jxhe csshts prkmhss, tlh ocicgmh k` tlh eh`jmjt slcii oh hijdjgcthe tk tlh mcpjtci stkma cmmkugt. @kr tljs purpksh tlh mcpjtci stkma slcii oh rhstrumturhe `jrst oy rheumjgf tlh pcr vciuh cge oy ceejgf tlh tktci rheumtjkg tk tlh ceejtjkgci pcje-jg mcpjtci.
Gjicj wcbcr csht ecg ahwcbjocg ejthgtuacg shsucj ehgfcg gjicj pcscr. Ojic gjicj pcscr tjeca thrshejc, hstjdcsj gjicj wcbcr ejecscracg jg`krdcsj throcja ycgf thrshejc. Hstjdcsj gjicj wcbcr ejicauacg ehgfcg dhdphrtjdocgfacg lcrfc csht shbhgjs ecg thagja phgjicjcg ycgf pcijgf shsucj ehgfcg acrcathrjstja csht ecg ahwcbjocg ycgf ohrscgfautcg, cgtcrc icjg gjicj shacrcgf (prhshgt (prhshgt vciuh ) ctcu crus acs ejejsakgtkacg (ejsmkugthe mcsl `ikw ) ehgfcg dhdphrtjdocgfacg tjgfact rhsjak ycgf ejlcecpj.
Ulh `cjr vciuhs k` csshts cge ijcojijtjhs slcii oh ehthrdjghe ocshe kg dcraht vciuhs. J` tlh dcraht vciuh js gkt cvcjicoih, tlh hstjdcthe `cjr vciuh slcii oh ocshe kg tlh ohst jg`krdctjkg cvcjicoih. Ulh hstjdcths k` tlh `cjr vciuhs slcii oh dceh oy mkgsjehrjgf prjmhs k` tlh scdh typh k` csshts cge c vciuctjkg thmlgjquh dust sujtcoih tk tlh mlcrcmthrjstjm k` tlh rhicthe csshts cge ijcojijtjhs, cdkgf ktlhrs, tlh prhshgt vciuh kr ejsmkugthe mcsl `ikw oy mkgsjehrjgf tlh ihvhi k` tlh rhicthe rjsas.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts
Duicj tcgffci 3 Bcgucrj ?>33, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgfcekpsj dhgfcekpsj ^]CA Gk.8> (_hvjsj ?>>0), ’Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg2 ^hgycbjcg ecg ^hgfugfacpcg—, ecg ^]CA Gk. 88 (_hvjsj ?>>0), ’Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg2 ^hgfcaucg ecg ^hgfuaurcg—. ^hghrcpcg ^]CA rhvjsj jgj ejicauacg shmcrc prksphatj`. Ojcyc trcgscasj ctcs akgtrca phdojcyccg ycgf suecl thrbcej pcec scct stcgecr ejthrcpacg tjeca ejphrljtugfacg ecicd phrljtugfcg suau ougfc h`hatj` ecrj akgtrca thrshout.
35
]tcrtjgf Bcgucry 3, ?>33, tlh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry cekpthe ]@C] Gk. 8> (_hvjshe ?>>0), ’@jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts2 ^rhshgtctjkg cge Ejsmiksurh—, cg e ]@C] Gk. 88 (_hvjshe ?>>0), ’@jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts2 _hmkfgjtjkg cge Dhcsurhdhgt—. Ulhsh rhvjshe ]@C], lcvh ohhg cppijhe prksphmtjvhiy. Ulh trcgscmtjkg mksts k` tlksh cirhcey hxjstjgf mkgtrcmts ct tlhtjdh tlhsh stcgecres whrh cekpthe whrh gkt mkgsjehrhe jg tlh mcimuictjkg k` h``hmtjvh jgthrhst k` suml mkgtrcmts.
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
^]CA Gk.8> (_hvjsj ?>>0), ohrjsj phrsycrctcg phgycbjcg ecrj jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ecg dhgfjehgtj`jacsjacg jg`krdcsj ycgf lcrus ejugfacpacg. ^hrsycrctcg phgfugfacpcg ohricau thrlcecp aicsj`jacsj jgstrudhg ahucgfcg, ecrj phrsphatj` phghrojt, ecicd csht ahucgfcg, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ecg jgstrudhg haujtcs1 phgfaicsj`jacsjcg ycgf thracjt ehgfcg suau ougfc, ejvjehg, ahrufjcg ecg ahugtugfcg1 ecg ahceccg ejdcgc csht ahucgfcg ecg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg cacg scijgf lcpus.
]@C] Gk. 8> (_hvjshe ?>>0) mkgtcjgs tlh rhqujrhdhgts `kr tlh prhshgtctjkg k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts cge jehgtj`jhs tlh jg`krdctjkg tlct slkuie oh ejsmikshe. Ulh prhshgtctjkg rhqujrhdhgts cppiy tk tlh micssj`jmctjkg k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts, `rkd tlh phrsphmtjvh k` tlh jssuhr, jgtk `jgcgmjci csshts, `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs cge hqujty jgstrudhgts1 tlh micssj`jmctjkg k` rhicthe jgthrhst, ejvjehges, iksshs cge fcjgs1 cge tlh mjrmudstcgmhs jg wljml `jgcgmjci csshts cge `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs slkuie oh k``sht.
^]CA jgj dhgsycrctacg phgfugfacpcg, cgtcrc icjg, jg`krdcsj dhgfhgcj `catkr ycgf dhdphgfcrulj budicl, wcatu ecg tjgfact ahpcstjcg crus acs dcsc ectcgf suctu hgtjtcs ycgf thracjt ehgfcg jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ecg ahojbcacg caugtcgsj ycgf ejthrcpacg ugtua jgstrudhg thrshout.
Uljs ]@C] rhqujrhs tlh ejsmiksurh k`, cdkgf ktlhrs, jg`krdctjkg cokut `cmtkrs tlct c``hmt tlh cdkugt, tjdjgf cge mhrtcjgty k` cg hgtjty‚s `uturh mcsl `ikws rhictjgf tk `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts cge tlh cmmkugtjgf pkijmjhs cppijhe tk tlksh jgstrudhgts.
^]CA Gk. 88 (_hvjsj ?>>0) dhgfctur prjgsjp-prjgsjp ecscr phgfcaucg ecg phgfuaurcg csht ahucgfcg, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ecg ohohrcpc akgtrca phdohijcg ctcu phgbucicg jthd gkg-ahucgfcg. ^]CA jgj, cgtcrc icjg, dhgyhejcacg eh`jgjsj ecg acrcathrjstja ehrjvctj`, acthfkrj jgstrudhg ahucgfcg, phgfcaucg ecg phgfuaurcg, caugtcgsj ijgeugf gjicj ecg phghtcpcg luougfcg ijgeugf gjicj.
]@C] Gk. 88 (_hvjshe ?>>0) hstcoijslhs tlh prjgmjpihs `kr rhmkfgjzjgf cge dhcsurjgf `jgcgmjci csshts, `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs cge skdh mkgtrcmts tk ouy kr shii gkg-`jgcgmjci jthds. Uljs ]@C] prkvjehs tlh eh`jgjtjkgs cge mlcrcmthrjstjms k` ehrjvctjvhs, tlh mcthfkrjhs k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts, rhmkfgjtjkg cge dhcsurhdhgt, lhefh cmmkugtjgf cge ehthrdjgctjkg k` lhefjgf rhictjkgsljps, cdkgf ktlhrs.
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg
@jgcgmjci csshts
^hgfcaucg cwci ecg phgfuaurcg
Jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg cge dhcsurhdhgt
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg ejaicsj`jacsjacg ejaicsj`jacsjacg shocfcj csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg ycgf ejgjicj pcec gjicj wcbcr dhiciuj icoc ctcu rufj, pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf, jgvhstcsj ycgf ejdjijaj ljgffc bctul thdpk, ecg csht ahucgfcg thrshejc ugtua ejbuci. ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghgtuacg aicsj`jacsj csht ahucgfcg pcec scct phgfcaucg cwci.
@jgcgmjci csshts crh micssj`jhe cs `jgcgmjci csshts ct `cjr vciuh tlrkufl prk`jt kr ikss, ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs, lhie-tk-dcturjty jgvhstdhgts, cvcjicoih-`kr-scih `jgcgmjci csshts. Ulh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry ehthrdjgh tlh micssj`jmctjkg k` jts `jgcgmjci csshts ct jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg.
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg ejcauj pcec pksjsj ahucgfcg ahucgfcg bjac ecg lcgyc bjac ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgbcej scicl sctu pjlca ycgf thrijoct ecicd phrbcgbjcg jgstrudhg ahucgfcg.
@jgcgmjci csshts crh rhmkfgjzhe kg tlh stcthdhgts k` `jgcgmjci pksjtjkg wlhg, cge kgiy wlhg, tlh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry ohmkdhs c pcrty tk tlh mkgtrcmtuci prkvjsjkgs k` tlh `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgt.
38
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg (Icgbut (Icgbutcg) cg)
@jgcgmjci csshts (Mkgtjguhe)
^cec scct phgfcaucg cwci, csht ahucgfcg ejuaur pcec gjicj wcbcrgyc, ejtcdocl, ecicd lci csht ahucgfcg tjeca ejuaur pcec gjicj wcbcr ecicd icpkrcg icoc rufj, ojcyc trcgscasj ycgf ecpct ejctrjousjacg shmcrc icgfsugf ehgfcg phrkihlcg ctcu phghrojtcg csht ahucgfcg thrshout.
Vlhg `jgcgmjci csshts crh rhmkfgjzhe jgjtjciiy, tlhy crh dhcsurhe ct `cjr vciuh, pius, jg tlh mcsh k` `jgcgmjci csshts gkt ct `cjr vciuh tlrkufl stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh, ejrhmtiy cttrjoutcoih trcgscmtjkg mksts.
]hiurul phdohijcg ecg phgbucicg ycgf iczjd pcec csht ahucgfcg ejcauj ctcu ejlhgtjacg phgfcaucggyc pcec tcgffci phrecfcgfcg shphrtj mkgtklgyc tcgffci pcec scct ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca ohrakdjtdhg ugtua dhdohij ctcu dhgbuci csht. ^hdohijcg ctcu phgbucicg ycgf iczjd cecicl phdohijcg ctcu phgbucicg csht ahucgfcg ycgf dhgsycrctacg phgyhrclcg csht ecicd aurug wcatu ududgyc ejthtcpacg ehgfcg phrcturcg ctcu ahojcsccg ycgf ohricau ej pcscr.
Cii rhfuicr wcy purmlcshs purmlcshs cge scihs scihs k` `jgcgmjci csshts csshts crh rhmkfgjzhe kr ehrhmkfgjzhe kg tlh trceh ecth j.h., tlh ecth tlct tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh tlh suosjejcry mkddjts tk purmlcsh kr shii tlh cssht. _hfuicr wcy purmlcshs kr scihs crh purmlcshs kr scihs k` `jgcgmjci csshts tlct rhqujrh ehijvhry k` csshts wjtljg tlh phrjke fhghrciiy hstcoijslhe oy rhfuictjkg kr mkgvhgtjkg jg tlh dcraht picmh mkgmhrghe.
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghgtuacg aicsj`jacsj csht ahucgfcg pcec scct phgfcaucg cwci ecg, bjac ejphrokihlacg ecg shsucj, cacg ejhvciucsj ahdocij shtjcp caljr tclug ahucgfcg.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry ehthrdjgh tlh micssj`jmctjkg k` jts `jgcgmjci csshts c`thr jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg cge, wlhrh ciikwhe cge cpprkprjcth, rh- hvciucth tljs ehsjfgctjkg ct hcml `jgcgmjci yhcr hge
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg ^hrusclccg dhijputj acs ecg ocga ecg pjutcgf usclc. ^hrusclccg dhgfaicsj`jacsjacg shiurul csht ahucgfcg dhrhac shocfcj pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf.
Ulh Mkdpcgy ‚s ‚s `jgcgmjci csshts jgmiueh mcsl kg lcge cge jg ocgas cge trceh rhmhjvcoihs. Ulh Mkdpcgy micssj`jhe cii tlhjr `jgcgmjci csshts cs ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs.
c. Csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejgjicj pcec gjicj wcbcr dhiciuj icoc ctcu rufj
c. @jgcgmjci csshts ct `cjr vciuh tlrkufl prk`jt kr ikss
Csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejphrecfcgfacg ejphrecfcgfacg ejacsj`jacsjacg shocfcj csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejgjicj pcec gjicj wcbcr dhiciuj icoc ctcu rufj. Csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejphrecfcgfacg cecicl ehrjvctj` (thrdcsua ehrjvctj` dhihact ycgf thrpjscl) ctcu csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejdjijaj ugtua tubucg ejbuci ecicd wcatu ehact.
@jgcgmjci csshts lhie `kr trcejgf crh micssj`jhe cs `jgcgmjci csshts ct `cjr vciuh tlrkufl prk`jt kr ikss. @jgcgmjci csshts lhie `kr trcejgf crh ehrjvctjvhs (jgmiuejgf shpcrcthe hdoheehe ehrjvctjvhs) kr `jgcgmjci csshts cmqujrhe prjgmjpciiy `kr tlh purpksh k` shiijgf jg tlh ghcr thrd.
o. ^jgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf
o. Ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg ehgfcg ehgfcg phdocycrcg phdocycrcg thtcp thtcp ctcu thicl ejthgtuacg ecg tjeca dhdpugycj auktcsj ej pcscr catj` ejaicsj`jacsjacg shocfcj pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf.
@jgcgmjci csshts wjtl `jxhe kr ehthrdjgcoih pcydhgts tlct crh gkt qukthe jg cg cmtjvh dcraht crh micssj`jhe cs ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs.
30
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
Csht ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
@jgcgmjci csshts (Mkgtjguhe)
m. Jgvhstcsj ejdjijaj ljgffc bctul thdpk
m. Lhie-tk-dcturjty Lhie-tk-dcturjty jgvhstdhgts
Csht ahucgfcg ehgfcg phdocycrcg thtcp ctcu thicl ejthgtuacg ecg bctul thdpkgyc thicl ejthtcpacg ejaicsj`jacsjacg shocfcj jgvhstcsj ejdjijaj ljgffc bctul thdpk ahtjac ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhdpugycj jgthgsj pksjtj` ecg ahdcdpucg ugtua dhdjijaj csht ahucgfcg thrshout ljgffc bctul thdpk.
@jgcgmjci csshts wjtl `jxhe kr ehthrdjgcoih pcydhgts cge `jxhe dcturjty crh micssj`jhe cs lhie-tkdcturjty wlhg tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry lcvh tlh pksjtjvh jgthgtjkg cge cojijty tk lkie tlh jgvhstdhgt tk dcturjty.
e. Csht ahucgfcg thrshejc ugtua ejbuci
e. Cvcjicoih-`kr-scih Cvcjicoih-`kr-scih `jgcgmjci `jgcgmjci csshts
Csht ahucgfcg thrshejc ugtua ejbuci cecicl csht ahucgfcg ycgf tjeca ejaicsj`jacsjacg ecicd acthfkrj ycgf icjg.
Cvcjicoih-`kr-scih Cvcjicoih-`kr-scih `jgcgmjci csshts crh `jgcgmjci csshts tlct crh gkt micssj`jhe jg cgy k` tlh ktlhr mcthfkrjhs.
Jgvhstcsj ecicd jgstrudhg haujtcs ycgf gjicj wcbcrgyc tjeca ecpct ejuaur shmcrc lcgeci ejuaur dhgffugcacg ojcyc phrkihlcggyc ejaurcgfj ehgfcg rufj phgurugcg gjicj.
Jgvhstdhgts jg hqujty jgstrudhgts wlksh `cjr vciuh mcggkt oh rhijcoiy dhcsurhe crh dhcsurhe ct mkst ihss jdpcjrdhgt ikss.
Csht ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca threjrj ecrj acs ecg shtcrc acs, jgvhstcsj bcgfac phgeha, pjutcgf usclc, pjutcgf icjg-icjg - pjlca ahtjfc ecg pjlca luougfcg jstjdhwc, jgvhstcsj pcec phrusclccg csksjcsj ecg csht ycgf thrdcsua ecicd acthfkrj pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry ‚ `jgcgmjci csshts jgmiueh mcsl cge mcsl hqujvcihgts, slkrt-thrd jgvhstdhgt, trceh rhmhjvcoihs, ktlhr rhmhjvcoihs tljre pcrtjhs cge rhicthe pcrtjhs, jgvhstdhgt jg csskmjcthe mkdpcgjhs cge csshts wljml `cii ugehr tlh ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs mcthfkry.
^hgfuaurcg shthicl phgfcaucg cwci
]uoshquhgt dhcsurhdhgt
^jgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf cecicl csht ahucgfcg gkg-ehrjvctj` ehgfcg phdocycrcg thtcp ctcu thicl ejthgtuacg ecg tjeca dhdpugycj auktcsj ej pcscr catj`. Csht ahucgfcg thrshout ejmctct pcec ojcyc phrkihlcg ejcdkrtjscsj dhgffugcacg dhtkeh suau ougfc h`hatj`. Ahugtugfcg ctcu ahrufjcg ejcauj pcec icpkrcg icoc rufj akgskijecsjcg pcec scct pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf thrshout ejlhgtjacg phgfcaucggyc ctcu dhgfcicdj phgurugcg gjicj, shrtc dhiciuj prkshs cdkrtjscsj.
Ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs crh gkg-ehrjvctjvh `jgcgmjci csshts wjtl `jxhe kr ehthrdjgcoih pcydhgts tlct crh gkt qukthe jg cg cmtjvh dcraht. ]uml `jgcgmjci csshts crh suoshquhgtiy dhcsurhe ct cdkrtjzhe mkst usjgf tlh h``hmtjvh jgthrhst dhtlke, ihss jdpcjrdhgt. Fcjgs cge iksshs crh rhmkfgjzhe jg tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh wlhg tlh ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs crh ehrhmkfgjzhe kr jdpcjrhe, cs whii cs tlrkufl tlh c dkrtjzctjkg dkrtjzctjkg prkmhss.
36
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg) (Icgbutcg)
@jgcgmjci csshts (Mkgtjguhe)
^hgflhgtjcg phgfcaucg
Ehrhmkfgjtjkg
^hgflhgtjcg phgfcaucg ctcs suctu csht ahucgfcg (ctcu, cpcojic ecpct ejthrcpacg ugtua ocfjcg ecrj csht ahucgfcg ctcu ocfjcg ecrj ahikdpka csht ahucgfcg shbhgjs) thrbcej ojic2 (3) lca akgtrcatuci ctcs crus acs ycgf ohrcsci ecrj csht ahucgfcg thrshout ohrcaljr1 ctcu (?) ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhdjgeclacg lca ugtua dhghrjdc crus acs ycgf ohrcsci ecrj csht ahucgfcg thrshout ctcu dhgcgffugf ahwcbjocg ugtua dhdocycr crus acs ycgf ejthrjdc thrshout tcgpc phgugeccg ycgf sjfgj`jacg ahpcec pjlca ahtjfc dhiciuj suctu ahshpcactcg phgyhrclcg ecg scicl sctu ejcgtcrc (c) ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca shmcrc suostcgsjci dhdjgeclacg shiurul rjsjak ecg dcg`cct ctcs ahphdjijacg csht ahucgfcg thrshout, ctcu (o) ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca shmcrc suostcgsjci tjeca dhdjgeclacg ecg tjeca dhdjijaj shiurul rjsjak ecg dcg`cct ctcs ahphdjijacg csht ahucgfcg thrshout, gcdug thicl dhdjgeclacg phgfhgecijcg ctcs csht thrshout.
C `jgcgmjci cssht (kr wlhrh cppijmcoih, c pcrt k` c `jgcgmjci cssht kr pcrt k` c frkup k` sjdjicr `jgcgmjci csshts) js ehrhmkfgjzhe wlhg2 (3) tlh rjflts tk rhmhjvh mcsl `ikws `rkd tlh cssht lcvh hxpjrhe1 kr (?) tlh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry lcs trcgs`hrrhe jts rjflts tk rhmhjvh mcsl `ikws `rkd tlh cssht kr lcs cssudhe cg koijfctjkg tk pcy tlh rhmhjvhe mcsl `ikws jg `uii wjtlkut dcthrjci ehicy tk c tljre pcrty ugehr c ’pcss - - tlrkufl—crrcgfhdhgt1 cge hjtlhr (c) tlh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry lcs trcgs`hrrhe suostcgtjciiy cii tlh rjsas cge rhwcres k` tlh cssht, kr (o) tlh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry lcs ghjtlhr trcgs`hrrhe gkr rhtcjghe suostcgtjciiy cii tlh rjsas cge rhwcres k` tlh cssht, out lcs trcgs`hrrhe mkgtrki k` tlh cssht.
^hgurugcg gjicj csht ahucgfcg
Jdpcjrdhgt k` @jgcgmjci Csshts
^cec shtjcp tcgffci ghrcmc, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgfhvciu dhgfhvciucsj csj cpcacl cpcacl threcpct threcpct ouatj ycgf koyhatj` koyhatj` oclwc csht ahucgfcg ctcu ahikdpka csht ahucgfcg dhgfcicdj phgurugcg gjicj.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry csshsshs ct hcml ocicgmh slhht ecth wlhtlhr tlhrh js cgy kobhmtjvh hvjehgmh tlct c `jgcgmjci cssht kr c frkup k` `jgcgmjci csshts js jdpcjrhe.
Xgtua pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf ycgf ejmctct pcec ojcyc phrkihlcg ejcdkrtjscsj, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca thrihojl ecluiu dhghgtuacg oclwc threcpct ouatj koyhatj` dhgfhgcj phgurugcg gjicj shmcrc jgejvjeuci ctcs csht ahucgfcg ycgf sjfgj`jacg shmcrc jgejvjeuci, ctcu shmcrc akihatj` ugtua csht ahucgfcg ycgf tjeca sjfgj`jacg shmcrc jgejvjeuci. Bjac ^hrshrkcg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghgtuacg tjeca threcpct ouatj koyhatj` dhgfhgcj phgurugcg gjicj ctcs csht ahucgfcg ycgf ejgjicj shmcrc jgejvjeuci, thrihpcs csht ahucgfcg thrshout sjfgj`jacg ctcu tjeca, dcac csht thrshout ejdcsuaacg ah ecicd ahikdpka csht ahucgfcg ycgf dhdjijaj acrcathrjstja rjsjak arhejt ycgf shbhgjs ecg dhgjicj phgurugcg gjicj ahikdpka thrshout shmcrc akihatj`. Csht ycgf phgurugcg gjicjgyc ejgjicj shmcrc jgejvjeuci ecg ugtua jtu ahrufjcg phgurugcg gjicj ejcauj ctcu thtcp ejcauj, tjeca thrdcsua ecicd phgjicjcg phgurugcg gjicj shmcrc akihatj`.
@kr ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs mcrrjhe ct cdkrtjzhe mkst, tlh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry `jrst csshsshs wlhtlhr kobhmtjvh hvjehgmh k` jdpcjrdhgt hxjsts jgejvjeuciiy `kr `jgcgmjci csshts tlct crh jgejvjeuciiy sjfgj`jmcgt, kr mkiihmtjvhiy `kr `jgcgmjci csshts tlct crh gkt jgejvjeuciiy sjfgj`jmcgt. J` tlh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry ehthrdjghs tlct gk kobhmtjvh hvjehgmh k` jdpcjrdhgt hxjsts `kr cg jgejvjeuciiy csshsshe `jgcgmjci cssht, wlhtlhr sjfgj`jmcgt kr gkt, tlh cssht js jgmiuehe jg c frkup k` `jgcgmjci csshts wjtl sjdjicr mrhejt rjsa mlcrcmthrjstjms cge mkiihmtjvhiy csshsshe `kr jdpcjrdhgt. Csshts tlct crh jgejvjeuciiy csshsshe `kr jdpcjrdhgt cge `kr wljml cg jdpcjrdhgt ikss js, kr mkgtjguhs tk oh, rhmkfgjzhe crh gkt jgmiuehe jg c mkiihmtjvh csshssdhgt k` jdpcjrdhgt.
3<
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
Csht ahucgfcg ahucgfcg (Icgbut (Icgbutcg) cg)
@jgcgmjci csshts (Mkgtjguhe)
Bjac threcpct ouatj koyhatj` oclwc ahrufjcg phgurugcg gjicj thicl thrbcej, budicl ahrufjcg thrshout ejuaur shocfcj shijsjl cgtcrc gjicj thrmctct csht ehgfcg gjicj ajgj hstjdcsj crus acs dcsc ectcgf (tjeca thrdcsua ahrufjcg arhejt ej dcsc dhgectcgf ycgf ohiud thrbcej). Gjicj ajgj hstjdcsj crus acs dcsc ectcgf ejejsakgtk ehgfcg dhgffugcacg suau ougfc h`hatj` cwci ecrj csht ahucgfcg thrshout. Bjac pjgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg dhdjijaj suau ougfc vcrjcohi, dcac tjgfact ejsakgtk ycgf ejfugcacg ugtua dhgfuaur shtjcp ahrufjcg phgurugcg gjicj cecicl suau ougfc h`hatj` ycgf ohricau.
J` tlhrh js kobhmtjvh hvjehgmh tlct cg jdpcjrdhgt ikss lcs kmmurrhe, tlh cdkugt k` tlh ikss js dhcsurhe cs tlh ej``hrhgmh ohtwhhg tlh cssht‚s mcrryjgf cdkugt cge tlh prhshgt vciuh k` hstjdcthe `uturh mcsl `ikws (hxmiuejgf `uturh hxphmthe mrhejt iksshs tlct lcvh gkt yht ohhg jgmurrhe). Ulh prhshgt vciuh k` tlh hstjdcthe `uturh mcsl `ikws js ejsmkugthe ct tlh `jgcgmjci cssht‚s krjfjgci h``hmtjvh jgthrhst rcth. J` c ikcg lcs c vcrjcoih jgthrhst rcth, tlh ejsmkugt rcth `kr dhcsurjgf jdpcjrdhgt ikss js tlh murrhgt h``hmtjvh jgthrhst rcth.
Gjicj thrmctct ctcs csht ahucgfcg ejaurcgfj dhiciuj phgffugccg pks mcecgfcg phgurugcg gjicj ecg budicl ahrufjcg ycgf thrbcej ejcauj ecicd icpkrcg icoc rufj akgskijecsj. ^hgecpctcg ougfc shicgbutgyc ejcauj shohscr gjicj thrmctct ycgf ejturugacg gjicjgyc ohrecscracg tjgfact suau ougfc h`hatj` cwci ecrj csht ahucgfcg. ^jgbcdcg ycgf ejohrjacg ecg pjutcgf ohshrtc ehgfcg mcecgfcg thracjt ejlcpusacg bjac tjeca threcpct ahdugfajgcg ycgf rhcijstjs ctcs phduijlcg ej dcsc dhgectcgf ecg shiurul cfugcg thicl thrhcijscsj ctcu ejcijlacg ahpcec ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgcagyc. Bjac, pcec tclug ohrjautgyc, gjicj hstjdcsj ahrufjcg phgurugcg gjicj csht ahucgfcg ohrtcdocl ctcu ohraurcgf acrhgc phrjstjwc ycgf thrbcej shthicl phgurugcg gjicj ejcauj, dcac ahrufjcg phgurugcg gjicj ycgf ejcauj shohiudgyc ohrtcdocl ctcu ohraurcgf ehgfcg dhgyhsucjacg pks mcecgfcg phgurugcg gjicj. Bjac ej dcsc dhgectcgf phgflcpuscg thrshout ecpct ejpuijlacg, budicl phduijlcg thrshout ejcauj pcec icoc ctcu rufj.
Ulh mcrryjgf cdkugt k` tlh `jgcgmjci cssht js rheumhe tlrkufl tlh ush k` cg ciikwcgmh `kr jdpcjrdhgt cmmkugt cge tlh cdkugt k` tlh ikss js rhmkfgjzhe jg tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgt k` jgmkdh. Jgthrhst jgmkdh mkgtjguhs tk oh cmmruhe kg tlh rheumhe mcrryjgf cdkugt ocshe kg tlh krjfjgci h``hmtjvh jgthrhst rcth k` tlh `jgcgmjci cssht. Ikcgs cge rhmhjvcoihs, tkfhtlhr wjtl tlh csskmjcthe ciikwcgmh, crh wrjtthg k`` wlhg tlhrh js gk rhcijstjm prksphmt k` `uturh rhmkvhry cge cii mkiicthrci lcs ohhg rhcijzhe kr lcs ohhg trcgs`hrrhe tk tlh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry. J`, jg c suoshquhgt yhcr, tlh cdkugt k` tlh hstjdcthe jdpcjrdhgt ikss jgmrhcshs kr ehmrhcshs ohmcush k` cg hvhgt kmmurrjgf c`thr tlh jdpcjrdhgt wcs rhmkfgjzhe, tlh prhvjkusiy rhmkfgjzhe jdpcjrdhgt ikss js jgmrhcshe kr rheumhe oy cebustjgf tlh ciikwcgmh `kr jdpcjrdhgt cmmkugt. J` c `uturh wrjth-k`` js icthr rhmkvhrhe, tlh rhmkvhry js rhmkfgjzhe jg prk`jt kr ikss.
Ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg
@jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs
^hgfcaucg cwci ecg phgfuaurcg
Jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg cge dhcsurhdhgt
Ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ejaicsj`jacsjacg shocfcj ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ycgf ejuaur pcec gjicj wcbcr dhiciuj icoc ctcu rufj, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg pcec ojcyc phrkihlcg ejcdkrtjscsj ctcu ehrjvctj` ycgf thicl ejthtcpacg ugtua tubucg ijgeugf gjicj ycgf h`hatj`, bjac shsucj. ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghgtuacg aicsj`jacsj ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg pcec scct phgfcaucg cwci.
@jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs crh micssj`jhe cs `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs ct `cjr vciuh tlrkufl prk`jt kr ikss, `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs dhcsurhe ct cdkrtjzhe mkst, kr cs ehrjvctjvhs ehsjfgcthe cs lhefjgf jgstrudhgts jg cg h``hmtjvh lhefh, cs cpprkprjcth. Ulh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry ehthrdjgh tlh micssj`jmctjkg k` tlhjr `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs ct jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg.
3:
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg ic gfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
?.
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe)
Ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg)
@jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs Mkgtjguhe)
]cct phgfcaucg cwci, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ejuaur pcec gjicj wcbcr ecg, ecicd lci lutcgf ecg pjgbcdcg, thrdcsua ojcyc trcgscasj ycgf ecpct ejctrjousjacg shmcrc icgfsugf.
@jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs crh rhmkfgjzhe jgjtjciiy ct `cjr vciuh cge, jg tlh mcsh k` ikcgs cge okrrkwjgfs, jgmiusjvh k` ejrhmtiy cttrjoutcoih trcgscmtjkg mksts.
Ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca threjrj ecrj lutcgf usclc, lutcgf icjg-icjg, ohocg dcsjl lcrus ejocycr, phgecpctcg ejthrjdc ej duac, phgyjsjlcg ugtua phgffcgtjcg phrcokt ec g phrcictcg lkthi ecg lutcgf bcgfac pcgbcgf ycgf thrdcsua thrdcsua ecicd acthfkrj ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg pcec ojcyc phrkihlcg ejcdkrtjscsj.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge ]uosjejcry `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs jgmiueh trceh pcycoihs, ktlhr pcycoihs, cmmruhe hxphgsh, ughcrghe rhvhguhs, rhshrvh `kr rhpicmhdhgt k` lkthi‚s `urgjturhs cge hqujpdhgts cge ikgf-thrd ikcgs wljml `ciis ugehr `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs dhcsurhe ct cdkrtjzhe mkst mcthfkry.
^hgfuaurcg shthicl phgfcaucg cwci
]uoshquhgt dhcsurhdhgt
]hthicl phgfcaucg cwci, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ejuaur pcec ojcyc phrkihlcg ejcdkrtjscsj dhgffugcacg tjgfact ougfc h`hatj`. Ahugtugfcg ecg ahrufjcg ejcauj ej icpkrcg icoc rufj akgskijecsjcg pcec scct pjgbcdcg ecg lutcgf bcgfac pcgbcgf thrshout ejlhgtjacg phgfcaucggyc ctcu ejturugacg gjicjgyc dhiciuj prkshs cdkrtjscsj.
]uoshquhgt tk jgjtjci rhmkfgjtjkg, cii `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs crh dhcsurhe ct cdkrtjzhe mkst usjgf tlh h``hmtjvh jgthrhst dhtlke. Fcjgs cge iksshs crh rhmkfgjzhe jg tlh mkgskijecthe stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh wlhg tlh ikcgs cge okrrkwjgfs crh ehrhmkfgjzhe cs whii cs tlrkufl tlh h``hmtjvh jgthrhst dhtlke cdkrtjzctjkg prkmhss.
^hgflhgtjcg phgfcaucg
Ehrhmkfgjtjkg
Ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ejlhgtjacg phgfcaucggyc ahtjac ahwcbjocg ycgf ejthtcpacg ecicd akgtrca ejlhgtjacg ctcu ejoctciacg ctcu aceciuwcrsc.
C `jgcgmjci ijcojijty js ehrhmkfgjzhe wlhg tlh koijfctjkg ugehr tlh ijcojijty js ejsmlcrfhe kr mcgmhiihe kr lcs hxpjrhe.
Ahtjac ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg cwci ejfcgtjacg ehgfcg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg icjg ecrj phdohrj pjgbcdcg ycgf scdc ehgfcg ahthgtucg ycgf ohrohec shmcrc suostcgsjci, ctcu dkej`jacsj shmcrc suostcgsjci ctcs ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ycgf scct jgj cec, dcac phrtuacrcg ctcu dkej`jacsj thrshout ejmctct shocfcj phgflcpuscg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg cwci ecg phgfcaucg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg ocru ecg shijsjl cgtcrc gjicj thrmctct ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg thrshout ejcauj ecicd icoc ctcu rufj.
Vlhg cg hxjstjgf `jgcgmjci ijcojijty js rhpicmhe oy cgktlhr `rkd tlh scdh ihgehr kg suostcgtjciiy ej``hrhgt thrds, kr tlh thrds k` cg hxjstjgf ijcojijty crh suostcgtjciiy dkej`jhe, suml cg hxmlcgfh kr dkej`jmctjkg js trhcthe cs c ehrhmkfgjtjkg k` tlh krjfjgci ijcojijty cge tlh rhmkfgjtjkg k` c ghw ijcojijty, cge tlh ej``hrhgmh jg tlh rhsphmtjvh mcrryjgf cdkugts js rhmkfgjzhe jg prk`jt kr ikss.
?>
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?.
JALUJ]C_ AHOJBCACG CAXGUCG]J ^HGUJGF (Icgbutcg)
p. Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg (Icgbutcg) ]cijgf lcpus jgstrudhg ahucgfcg Csht ahucgfcg ecg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg scijgf lcpus ecg gjicj ohrsjlgyc ejscbjacg ecicd ghrcmc akgskijecsj bjac, ecg lcgyc bjac, threcpct lca ycgf ohrahauctcg luaud ugtua dhicauacg scijgf lcpus ctcs budicl ycgf thicl ejcauj ecrj csht ahucgfcg ecg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg thrshout ecg threcpct jgthgsj ugtua dhgyhihscjacg ehgfcg dhgffugcacg ecscr ghtk, ctcu ugtua dhrhcijscsjacg csht ecg dhgyhihscjacg ahwcbjocggyc shmcrc ohrscdccg.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?.
]XDDC_Z K@ ]JFGJ@JMCGU CMMKXGUJGF ^KIJMJH] (Mkgtjguhe)
p. @jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts (Mkgtjguhe) K``shtjgf k` `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts @jgcgmjci csshts cge `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs crh k``sht cge tlh ght cdkugt rhpkrthe jg tlh mkgskijecthe ocicgmh slhht j`, cge kgiy j`, tlhrh js c murrhgtiy hg`krmhcoih ihfci rjflt tk k``sht tlh rhmkfgjzhe cdkugts cge tlhrh js cg jgthgtjkg tk shttih kg c ght ocsjs, kr tk rhcijzh tlh csshts cge shttih tlh ijcojijtjhs sjduitcghkusiy.
Gjicj wcbcr jgstrudhg ahucgfcg
`cjr vciuh k` `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts
Gjicj wcbcr jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ycgf shmcrc catj` ejphrecfcgfacg ej pcscr ahucgfcg ejthgtuacg ehgfcg dhgfcmu pcec auktcsj lcrfc pcscr ycgf ohricau pcec phgutupcg pcscr pcec caljr phrjkeh phicpkrcg. Xgtua jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ycgf tjeca ejphrecfcgfacg ej pcscr catj`, gjicj wcbcr ejthgtuacg ehgfcg dhgffugcacg thagja phgjicjcg. Uhagja phgjicjcg thrshout dhijputj phgffugccg trcgscasj pcscr thrajgj ycgf ejicauacg shmcrc wcbcr (crd‚s ihgftl dcraht trcgscmtjkgs), rh`hrhgsj ctcs gjicj wcbcr thrajgj ecrj jgstrudhg icjg ycgf shmcrc suostcgtjci scdc, cgcijsjs crus acs ycgf ejejsakgtk, ctcu dkehi phgjicjcg icjggyc.
Ulh `cjr vciuh k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts tlct crh cmtjvhiy trcehe jg krfcgjzhe `jgcgmjci dcrahts js ehthrdjghe oy rh`hrhgmh tk qukthe dcraht oje prjmhs ct tlh miksh k` ousjghss ct tlh hge k` tlh rhpkrtjgf phrjke. @kr `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts wlhrh tlhrh js gk cmtjvh dcraht, `cjr vciuh js ehthrdjghe usjgf vciuctjkg thmlgjquhs. ]uml thmlgjquhs dcy jgmiueh usjgf rhmhgt crd‚s -ihgftl -ihgftl dcraht trcgscmtjkg, rh`hrhgmh tk tlh murrhgt `cjr vciuh k` cgktlhr jgstrudhgt tlct js suostcgtjciiy tlh scdh, ejsmkugthe mcsl `ikw cgciysjs, kr ktlhr vciuctjkg dkehis.
^hgflhgtjcg phgfcaucg csht ecg ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg
Ehrhmkfgjtjkg k` `jgcgmjci csshts cge ijcojijtjhs
Csht ahucgfcg Csht ahucgfcg (ctcu dcgc d cgc ycgf ihojl thpct, ocfjcg ecrj csht ahucgfcg ctcu ocfjcg ecrj ahikdpka csht ahucgfcg shrupc) ejlhgtjacg phgfcaucggyc pcec scct2 (3) lca ugtua dhghrjdc crus acs ycgf ohrcsci ecrj csht thrshout thicl ohrcaljr1 ctcu (?) ^hrusclccg thicl dhgtrcgs`hr lca dhrhac ugtua dhghrjdc crus acs ycgf ohrcsci ecrj csht ctcu ohrahwcbjocg ugtua dhdocycr crus acs ycgf ejthrjdc shmcrc phgul tcgpc phgugeccg dcthrjci ahpcec pjlca ahtjfc ecicd phrbcgbjcg ’pcss tlrkufl—1 ecg ocja (c) ^hrusclccg thicl shmcrc suostcgsjci dhgtrcgs`hr shiurul rjsjak ecg dcg`cct ecrj csht, ctcu (o) ^hrusclccg shmcrc suostcgsjci tjeca dhgtrcgs`hr ctcu tjeca dhdjijaj shiurul rjsjak ecg dcg`cct suctu csht, gcdug thicl dhgtrcgs`hr ahgecij ctcs csht thrshout. ?3
@jgcgmjci csshts C `jgcgmjci cssht (kr wlhrh cppijmcoih, c pcrt k` c `jgcgmjci cssht kr pcrt k` c frkup k` sjdjicr `jgcgmjci csshts) js ehrhmkfgjzhe wlhg2 (3) tlh rjflts tk rhmhjvh mcsl `ikws `rkd tlh cssht lcvh hxpjrhe1 kr (?) tlh Mkdpcgy lcs trcgs`hrrhe tlhjr rjflts tk rhmhjvh mcsl `ikws `rkd tlh cssht kr lcvh cssudhe cg koijfctjkg tk pcy tlh rhmhjvhe mcsl `ikws jg `uii wjtlkut dcthrjci ehicy tk c tljre pcrty ugehr c ’pcss - t lrkufl— crrcgfhdhgt1 cge hjtlhr (c) tlh -tlrkufl— Mkdpcgy lcs trcgs`hrrhe suostcgtjciiy cii tlh rjsas cge rhwcres k` tlh cssht, kr (o) tlh Mkdpcgy lcs ghjtlhr trcgs`hrrhe gkr rhtcjghe suostcgtjciiy cii tlh rjsas cge rhwcres k` tlh c ssht, out lcvh trcgs`hrrhe mkgtrki k` tlh cssht.
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
=.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
]UCGEC_ CAXGUCG]J OC_X
=.
]tcgecr Caugtcgsj ycgf rhihvcg ycgf thicl ejahiucracg kihl Ehwcg ]tcgecr Caugtcgsj Ahucgfcg (E]CA) scdpcj ehgfcg tcgffci phgyhihscjcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
^_K]^HMUJPH CMMKXGUJGF ^_KGKXGMHDHGU ^_KGKXGMHDHGU
_hihvcgt Cmmkugtjgf ]tcgecres jssuhe oy tlh @jgcgmjci Cmmkugtjgf ]tcgecres Okcre (E]CA) ugtji tlh mkdpihtjkg ecth k` tlh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts k` tlh Mkdpcgy crh cs `kiikws2
H`hatj` ohricau pcec ctcu shthicl tcgffci 3 Bcgucrj ?>332
H``hmtjvh kg kr c`thr Bcgucry 3, ?>332
c. ^]CA ?0 (_hvjsj ?>><) ’Ojcyc ^jgbcdcg— Dhghgtuacg ojcyc ^jgbcdcg ycgf ecpct ejctrjousjacg shmcrc icgfsugf ehgfcg phrkihlcg, akgstruasj, ctcu phdouctcg csht aucij`jacsjcg ejacpjtcijscsj shocfcj ocfjcg ojcyc phrkihlcg csht thrshout.
c. ]@C] ?0 (_hvjshe ?>><) ?>><) "Okrrkwjgf "Okrrkwjgf Mksts" Ehthrdjgjgf tlh mkst k` ikcgs tlct crh ejrhmtiy cttrjoutcoih tk tlh cmqujsjtjkg, mkgstrumtjkg kr prkeumtjkg k` qucij`yjgf csshts crh mcpjtcijzhe cs pcrt k` tlh mkst k` tlct cssht.
o. ^]CA 8> (_hvjsj ?>>0) ’Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg2 ^hgycbjcg ecg ^hgfugfacpcg— Ohrjsj phrsycrctcg phgycbjcg ecrj jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ecg phgfjehgtj`jacsjcg jg`krdcsj ycgf lcrus ejugfacpacg.
o. ]@C] 8> (_hvjshe ?>>0) "@jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts2 ^rhshgtctjkg cge Ejsmiksurh" Mkgtcjgs rhqujrhdhgts `kr tlh prhshgtctjkg k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts cge jehgtj`jhs tlh jg`krdctjkg tlct dust oh ejsmikshe.
m. ^]CA 88 (_hvjsj ?>>0) ’Jgstrudhg Ahucgfcg2 ^hgfcaucg ecg ^hgfuaurcg— Dhgfctur prjgsjp-prjgsjp ecscr phgfcaucg ecg phgfuaurcg csht ahucgfcg, ahwcbjocg ahucgfcg, ecg akgtrca phdohijcg ecg phgbucicg jthd gkgahucgfcg.
m. ]@C] 88 (_hvjshe ?>>0) "@jgcgmjci Jgstrudhgts2 _hmkfgjtjkg cge Dhcsurhdhgt" ]ht tlh ocsjm prjgmjpihs `kr rhmkfgjzjgf cge dhcsurjgf `jgcgmjci csshts, `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs cge skdh mkgtrcmts tk ouy kr shii g kg-`jgcgmjci jthds.
Cekpsj ^]CA ej ctcs tjeca dhgjdouiacg phruoclcg ycgf dhgecscr thrlcecp ahojbcacg caugtcgsj phrusclccg ctcu ohrecdpca sjfgj`jacg thrlcecp icpkrcg ahucgfcg phrusclccg.
Ulh cekptjkg k` tlh cokvh ]@C] lcs gkt rhsuithe jg c suostcgtjci mlcgfh tk tlh mkdpcgy's cmmkugtjgf pkijmjhs gkr cgy sjfgj`jmcgt jdpcmt kg mkrpkrcth `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts tk ecth.
H`hatj` ohricau pcec ctcu shthicl tcgffci 3 Bcgucrj ?>332
H``hmtjvh kg kr c`thr Bcgucry 3, ?>332
c. ^]CA 3 (_hvjsj ?>3> ) ’^hgycbjcg Icpkrcg Ahucgfcg—
c. ]@C] 3 (_hvjshe ?>3>) "^rhshgtctjkg k` @jgcgmjci ]tcthdhgts" ]httjgf tlh `kugectjkgs `kr tlh prhshgtctjkg k` fhghrci purpksh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts (fhghrci purpksh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts) jg krehr tk mkdpcrh whii wjtl tlh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts k` prjkr phrjkes cge wjtl ktlhr hgtjtjhs' `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
Dhghtcpacg ecscr-ecscr ocfj phgycbjcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg ohrtubucg udud (fh (fhgh ghrc rc purpksh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts ) cfcr ecpct ejocgejgfacg ocja ehgfcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg phrjkeh shohiudgyc dcupug ehgfcg icpkrcg ahucgfcg hgtjtcs icjg.
??
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
=.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
]UCGEC_ CAXGUCG]J OC_X (Icgbutcg)
=.
^_K]^HMUJPH CMMKXGUJGF ^_KGKXGMHDHGU ^_KGKXGMHDHGU (Mkgtjguhe)
o. ^]CA ? (_hvjsj ?>3>) ’Icpkrcg Crus Acs— Dhdohrjacg phgfcturcg ctcs jg`krdcsj dhgfhgcj phruoclcg ljstkrjs ecicd acs ecg shtcrc acs dhiciuj icpkrcg crus acs ycgf dhgfaicsj`jacsjacg crus acs ohrecscracg catjvjtcs kphrcsj, jgvhstcsj, dcupug phgecgccg (`jgcgmjgf (`jgcgmjgf ) shicdc suctu phrjkeh.
o. ]@C] ? (_hvjshe (_hvjshe ?>3>) "]tcthdhgt k` Mcsl @ikws" @ikws" ^rkvjehs jg`krdctjkg cokut tlh crrcgfhdhgt k` ljstkrjmci mlcgfhs jg mcsl cge mcsl hqujvcihgts tlrkufl c mcsl `ikw stcthdhgt wljml micssj`jhs mcsl `ikws `rkd kphrctjgf, jgvhstjgf, cge `jgcgmjgf (`jgcgmjgf) eurjgf c phrjke.
m. ^]CA 8 (_hvjsj ?>3>) ’]hfdhg Kphrcsj— Jg`krdcsj shfdhg ejugfacpacg ugtua dhdugfajgacg phgffugc icpkrcg ahucgfcg ugtua dhgfhvciucsj sj`ct ecg ecdpca ahucgfcg ecrj catjvjtcs ojsgjs ycgf dcgc hgtjtcs thrijoct ecg ijgfaugfcg hakgkdj ejdcgc hgtjtcs ohrkphrcsj.
m. ]@C] 8 (_hvjshe (_hvjshe ?>3>) "Kphrctjgf ]hfdhgts" ]hfdhgt jg`krdctjkg js ejsmikshe tk hgcoih ushrs k` `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts tk hvciucth tlh gcturh cge `jgcgmjci jdpcmt k` ousjghss cmtjvjty jg wljml tlh hgtjty jgvkivhe cge tlh hmkgkdjm hgvjrkgdhgt jg wljml tlh hgtjty kphrcths.
e. ^]CA ?8 (_hvjsj ?>3> ) ’Ahojbcacg Caugtcgsj, ^hruoclcg Hstjdcsj Caugtcgsj, ecg Ahsciclcg— Dhghgtuacg arjthrjc ugtua phdjijlcg ecg phruoclcg ahojbcacg caugtcgsj, ohrscdc ehgfcg phricaucg caugtcgsj ecg phgfugfacpcg ctcs phruoclcg ahojbcacg caugtcgsj, phruoclcg hstjdcsj caugtcgsj, ecg akrhasj ahsciclcg.
e. ]@C] ?8 (_hvjshe ?>3>) "Cmmkugtjgf ^kijmjhs, Mlcgfhs jg Cmmkugtjgf Hstjdcths cge Hrrkrs" Ehthrdjgjgf tlh mrjthrjc `kr tlh shihmtjkg cge mlcgfhs jg cmmkugtjgf pkijmjhs, tkfhtlhr wjtl tlh cmmkugtjgf trhctdhgt cge ejsmiksurh k` mlcgfhs jg cmmkugtjgf pkijmjhs, mlcgfhs jg cmmkugtjgf hstjdcths, cge mkrrhmtjkg k` hrrkrs.
h. ^]CA 5< 5< (_hvjsj (_hvjsj ?>3>) ’^hgurugcg Gjicj Csht— Dhghtcpacg prksheur-prksheur ycgf ejthrcpacg cfcr csht ejmctct tjeca dhihojlj budicl thrpuijlacg ecg bjac csht thrshout thrbcej phgurugcg gjicj, rufj phgurugcg gjicj lcrus ejcauj.
h. ]@C] 5< (_hvjshe (_hvjshe ?>3>) "Jdpcjrdhgt "Jdpcjrdhgt k` Csshts" Csshts" Hstcoijsl prkmheurhs tlct cppiy `kr cssht js rhmkrehe ekhs gkt hxmhhe tlh rhmkvhrcoih cdkugt, cge j` tlhsh csshts crh jdpcjrhe, cg jdpcjrdhgt ikss slkuie oh rhmkfgjzhe.
`. ^]CA 86 (_hvjsj ?>3> ) ’^rkvjsj, Ijcojijtcs Akgtjgbhgsj, ecg Csht Akgtjgbhgsj— Ohrtubucg ugtua dhgfctur phgfcaucg ecg phgfuaurcg ahwcbjocg ejhstjdcsj, ahwcbjocg akgtjgbhgsj ecg csht akgtjgbhgsj shrtc ugtua dhdcstjacg jg`krdcsj dhdcecj thicl ejugfacpacg ecicd mctctcg ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg ugtua dhdugfajgacg pcrc phgffugc dhdclcdj sj`ct, wcatu, ecg budicl ycgf thracjt ehgfcg jg`krdcsj thrshout.
`. ]@C] 86 (_hvjshe ?>3>) "^rkvjsjkg, Mkgtjgfhgt Ijcojijtjhs cge Mkgtjgfhgt Csshts" Cjdjgf tk rhfuicth tlh rhmkfgjtjkg cge dhcsurhdhgt k` hstjdcthe ijcojijtjhs, mkgtjgfhgt ijcojijtjhs cge mkgtjgfhgt csshts cge tk hgsurh tlct cehqucth jg`krdctjkg lcs ohhg ejsmikshe jg tlh gkths tk tlh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts tk hgcoih ushrs tk ugehrstcge tlh gcturh, tjdjgf, cge cdkugt csskmjcthe wjtl tlct jg`krdctjkg.
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca shecgf dhgfhvciucsj ecg ohiud dhghgtuacg ecdpca ecrj ]tcgecr ycgf ejrhvjsj thrshout thrlcecp icpkrcg ahucgfcggyc.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry js murrhgtiy hvciuctjgf cge lcs gkt ehthrdjghe tlh jdpcmt k` tlh rhvjshe stcgecre kg jts `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts.
?=
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
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5.
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8.
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5.>=5.836.06< 3.3>3.05>.36= 3.>63.=:5.8:6 63.><=.?:? 85.:><.=:?
<.36=.??<.6?> 3.=<>.683.68> <=?.:<3.08> 3><.3<<.:66 38=.5==.388
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0.
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^JXUCGF X]CLC
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Budicl ^jutcgf Xsclc Ohrsjl ”
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8=.0??.:80.>35 ?0.50<.5=8.0=? ?6.8=8.8<0.:63
Budicl
3<5.<00.5?=.0:?
3>6.0?0.:6<.036
Budicl ^jutcgf Xsclc Ohrsjl ”
Uktci Hstjdcthe ikss k` jdpcjrdhgt k` cmmkugt rhmhjvcoih Uktci Urceh _hmhjvcoihs ” Ght Ght
o. Ocshe kg tlh cfjgf smlheuihs2
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Hstjdcsj phgurugcg gjicj pjutcgf
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3.<=:.8=3.0=>) 3.<=:.8=3.0=>) 3>8.6<6.550.:<6
=> ecys 3 up tk => =3 up tk 0> ecys 7 :> ecys
Uktci Hstjdcthe ikss k` jdpcjrdhgt k` cmmkugt rhmhjvcoih Uktci Urceh _hmhjvcoihs ” Ght Ght
]hocfjcg pjutcgf usclc ejfugcacg shocfcj bcdjgcg ctcs pjgbcdcg ycgf ejphrkihl ecrj ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa (ijlct Mctctcg :).
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Dcgcbhdhg ohrphgecpct oclwc hstjdcsj phgurugcg gjicj ctcs pjutcgf usclc cecicl dhdcecj ugtua dhgutup ahrufjcg ycgf dugfajg tjdoui ecrj tjeca thrtcfjlgyc pjutcgf usclc thrshout.
Dcgcfhdhgt ohijhvhs tlct tlh hstjdcthe jdpcjrdhgt k` cmmkugt js cehqucth tk mkvhr iksshs kg ugmkiihmtjoih cmmkugts.
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Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
6.
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Caug jgj threjrj ecrj2
Uljs cmmkugt mkgsjsts k`2 ?>33
Ocrcgf ecicd prkshs (Mctctcg 3<) Oclcg ocau Oclcg bcej (Mctctcg 3<) Oclcg phdocgtu Icjg-icjg
Budicl ^hrshejccg-Ohrsjl
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330.0:6.8=?.=55
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Ocshe kg tlh rhvjhw k` tlh mkgejtjkg k` tlh jgvhgtkrjhs cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3>, dcgcfhdhgt ohijhvhs tlct tlhrh js gk ghhe `kr ciikwcgmh `kr jgvhgtkry koskihsmhgmhs.
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^hgcdoclcg/ _haicsj`jacsj Ceejtjkgs/ _hmicssj`jmctjkg
@J\HE C]]HU]
^hgfurcgfcg/ _haicsj`jacsj Eheumtjkg/ _hmicssj`jmctjkg
355.0==.30=.>>> 00.:86.?5>.5<: 300.===.<0=.5:3 5.350.?>0.865 8.>>:.==>.60?
” 3:.=3=.3=:.><: 5>.>33.:3:.6:3 3.?00.80>.>>> -
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Ct mkst Ejrhmt kwghrsljp Icge Oujiejgfs Dcmljghry cge hqujpdhgt Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt K``jmh hqujpdhgt
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-
Ihcsh Csshts Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt
5>3.=03.=30
556.50?.=63.<<>
(8?.=<:.00>) ?.853.:58.3<: (50.=3>.566) (?.?=5.3:=.6=0)
Uktci mkst
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
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Cauduicsj ^hgyusutcg ^hgyusutcg ^hdjijacg icgfsugf Ocgfugcg Dhsjg ecg phrcictcg Cict-cict phgfcgfautcg phgfcgfautcg ^hrcoktcg acgtkr
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Budicl Cauduicsj ^hgyusutcg
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Uktci Cmmuduicthe Ehprhmjctjkg
Gjicj Ouau Ohrsjl
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Ght Okka Pciuh
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355.0==.30=.>>> 0?.<=:.<:?.<:0 300.603.3<>.3=6 5.?3?.>68.>83 5.336.000.>50
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=06.68?.>>>
”
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8.>>:.>3?.=>:
Cmmuduicthe Ehprhmjctjkg Ehprhmjctjkg Ejrhmt kwghrsljp Oujiejgfs Dcmljghry cge hqujpdhgt Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt K``jmh hqujpdhgt Ihcsh Csshts Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt
355.0==.30=.>>> 00.:86.?5>.5<: 300.===.<0=.5:3 5.350.?>0.865 8.>>:.==>.60?
Ct mkst Ejrhmt kwghrsljp Icge Oujiejgfs Dcmljghry cge hqujpdhgt Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt K``jmh hqujpdhgt
368.55?.>>>
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Ihcsh Csshts Urcgspkrtctjkg hqujpdhgt
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” ” 5?6.=30.050 08.<0<.566 ”
Uktci mkst
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3:.:68.68=.038 33<.6<>.<85.>3< =.?:8.>>=.8:0 ?.0:<.360.
?.63:.?53.33: 8.3:?.0>5.?08 56<.:>:.:05 :6>.>6?.083
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Uktci Cmmuduicthe Ehprhmjctjkg
Gjicj Ouau Ohrsjl
?=<.>80.<<6.>88 ?=<.>80.<<6.>88
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Ght Okka Pciuh
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Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
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:.
Cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>3> cge ?>>< `jxhe csshts, hxmhp `kr icge, crh mkvhrhe oy jgsurcgmh cfcjgst iksshs `rkd `jrh cge ktlhr rjsas ugehr oicgaht pkijmjhs cdkugtjgf _p ??:.68=.8>>.>>>, ??:.68=.8>>. >>>, wljml jg dcgcfhdhgt‚s kpjgjkg js cehqucth tk mkvhr pkssjoih iksshs `rkd suml rjsas.
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LXUCGF OCGA
Caug jgj threjrj threjrj ecrj2
Budicl Lutcgf Ocga
OCGA IKCG
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8>.>>>.>>>.>>> 8>.>>>.>>>.>>> -
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8>.>>>.>>>.>>>
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^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Jgekghsjc Uoa Mjtjocga, GC Uktci Kvhrerc`t
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Cmmkrejgf tk tlh mrhejt cfrhhdhgt Gk 36 gktcrjci ehhe k` _jsdcihgc Acsrj,]L ecthe Bugh, 3: ?>><, mkdpcgy kotcjghe `cmjijtjhs `cmjijtjhs k` I/M, ocga fucrrcgthh cge Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) wjtl c dcxjdud cdkugt k` _p 3>>.>>>.>>>.>>> `rkd ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Jgekghsjc, Uoa wjii oh euh jg kgh yhcr sjgmh Bugh 3:, ?>>< cge mcg oh hxthgehe. Ulh `cmjijtjhs wjii oh ushe `kr tlh Mkdpcgy‚s wkrajgf mcpjtci.
Ohrecscracg ^hrbcgbjcg ^hrpcgbcgfcg Uhrlcecp ^hrbcgbjcg Arhejt Gkdkr 3>/^^VA/KU@/MOE/J/?>3> tcgffci ?> Bcgucrj ?>3>, ^hrusclccg ecg ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa thicl shpcact ugtua dhgurugacg pic`kg `csjijtcs Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) ecrj _p 3>>.>>>.>>>.>>> dhgbcej _p 8>.>>>.>>>.>>>.
Ocshe kg tlh hxthgtjkg k` tlh ikcg cfrhhdhgt Gudohr 3>/^^VA/KU@/MOE/J/?>3> ecthe Bcgucry ?>, ?>3>, tlh Mkdpcgy cge ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa lcs cfrhhe tk ehmrhcsh tlh pic`kge k` Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) `cmjijty `rkd _p 3>>.>>>.>>>.>>> tk _p 8>.>>>.>>>.>>>
Dhgfjgfct phrtudoulcg phgbucicg ^hrshrkcg, dcac ohrecscracg ]urct ecrj ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa thrtcgffci => ]hpthdohr ?>33, `csjijtcs Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) ^hrusclccg ahdocij ejgcjaacg kihl ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa dhgbcej _p :8.8>>.>>>.>>> :8.8>>.>>>.>>> ehgfcg tjgfact suau ougfc ejljtugf ohrecscracg ojcyc ecgc ocga +=% ecg ejocycr pcec scct bctul thdpk ^rkdhs.
Euh tk tlh scihs frkwtl k` tlh Mkdpcgy cge ocshe kg tlh ihtthr `rkd ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa ecthe ]hpthdohr =>, ?>33, ^U Ocga Ecgcdkg Uoa cfrhhe tk jgmrhcsh tlh pic`kge k` Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) `cmjijty `rkd _p 8>.>>>.>>>.>>> tk _p :8.8>>.>>>.>>>, :8.8>>.>>>.>>>, jg jg wljml tlh jgthrhst rcth wjii oh mcimuicthe ocshe kg tlh ocga‚s mkst k` `uge +=% +=% cge wjii oh pcje kg tlh euh ecth k` tlh ^rkdhs.
?<
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
:.
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
LXUCGF OCGA (Icgbutcg)
:.
OCGA IKCG (Mkgtjguhe)
Cecpug bcdjgcg ctcs `csjijtcs Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) thrshout ejctcs cecicl 2
Ulh mkiicthrcis `kr tlh Kphg Cmmkugt @jgcgmjgf (KC@) `cmjijty crh cs `kiikw2
3. ^jutcgf ecfcgf ?. Dhsjg- dhsjg, thrdcsua dhsjg _@ =. ^hrshejccg ocrcgf1 ecg 5. Ecgc phrusclccg ycgf cec ej rhahgjgf kphrcsjkgci phrusclccg ej Ocga.
3. Cmmkugt _hmhjvcoihs1 ?. Dcmljghrjhs, jgmiueh _@ Dcmljgh1 =. Jgvhgtkrjhs1 cge 5.Ulh mkdpcgy‚s `uges jg tlh mkdpcgy kphrctjkgci cmmkugt ct Ocga.
^cec tcgffci 3= Cfustus ?>><, Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgecpctacg `csjijtcs mhruacg ecrj ^U Ocga ^cgjg, Uoa ehgfcg gjicj dcasjdud shohscr _p =.>>>.>>>.>>>. ^jgbcdcg jgj ejahgcacg ougfc cgtcrc 3?,>>% scdpcj 35,>>% phr tclug ecg ejbcdjg ehgfcg tcgcl ]LFO gk.3 ecg ? shrtc ocgfugcg lkthi ejctcsgyc shiucs 6.>?6 d? ej Bi. ]khacrgk Lcttc gk.3 Ehsc Ecrky Acdhu, Cmhl Ohscr, GCE
Kg Cufust 3=, ?>><, tlh suosjejcry lcs kotcjghe kvhrerc`t `cmjijty `rkd ^U Ocga ^cgjg, Uoa., wjtl c dcxjdud cdkugt k` _p. =.>>>.>>>.>>>. Jgthrhst rcth `kr tljs ikcg ohtwhhg 3?,>>% ugtji 35,>>% phr cggud. Ulh ikcg wcs mkiicthrjzhe oy icge crhc cge tlh lkthi oujiejgfs wljml cokvh k` tlh icge crhc k` 6.?>6 d? jg Bi. ]khacrgk Lcttc gk.3 vjiicfh Ecrky Acdhu, Cmhl Ohscr GCE, ]FLO gk.3 cge ?
^cec tcgffci 3 Gkvhdohr ?>3>, Hgtjtcs Cgca thicl dhiugcsj pjgbcdcggyc, ohrecscracg surct ahthrcgfcg ecrj ^U Ocga ^cgjg, Uoa, Gk. ?=>:/BC^-M^K/H\U/3>. ?=>:/BC^-M^K/H\U/3>.
Cmmkrejgf tk tlh ihtthr `rkd ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa Gk. ?=>:/BC^-M^K/H\U/3> ecthe Gkvhdohr 3, ?>3>, tlh suosjejcry lcs shttih jts ehot tk ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa.
3>. LXUCGF X]CLC
3>. U_CEH ^CZCOIH]
Caug jgj dhrupcacg ahwcbjocg ycgf tjdoui thrutcdc ctcs phdohijcg phrshejccg ehgfcg rjgmjcg shocfcj ohrjaut2 ?>33
Uljs cmmkugt dcjgiy mkgsjst k` pcycoihs euh tk tlh purmlcsjgf k` jgvhgtkrjhs wjtl tlh ehtcjis crh cs `kiikws2 ?>3>
^jlca ohrhicsj ^U ]umcmk Uoa ^U ]htjc ^rctcdc Ihstcrj
?>0.500.:?>.?=: ?>0.500.:?>. ?=: =?.:6:.?>3.0::
:5.8<8.5:=.>8= 3>.60:.5<<.?:3
Budicl
?=:.550.3?3.:=< ?=:.550.3?3. :=<
3>8.=85.:<3.=55
^jlca Ahtjfc Jdpkr Ikaci Budicl
Budicl Lutcgf Xsclc
_hicthe pcrtjhs ^U ]umcmk Uoa ^U ]htjc ^rctcdc Ihstcrj Uktci Uljre pcrtjhs
=5.>3<.008.66> =3.<68.350.338
?.5=>.:8=.>:3 ?.5=>.:8=.>: 3 6.6:3.:=6.:30 6.6:3.:=6.:3 0
08.<:=.<33.<<8
3>.???.<:3.>>6 3>.???.<:3.> >6
=>8.==:.:==.
338.866.<6?.=83
?:
Jdpkrt Ikmci Uktci
Uktci Urceh ^cycoihs
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
3>. LXUCGF X]CLC (Icgbutcg)
3>. U_CEH ^CZCOIH] (Mkgtjguhe)
Ulh Mkdpksjtjkg k` trceh pcycoih ocshe kg murrhgmjhs crh2
Akdpksjsj lutcgf usclc ohrecscracg bhgjs dctc ucgf cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2 _upjcl Ekiicr
:3.858.538.088 ?3=.6:5.83<.30<
33=.350.:3:.?0> ?.5=>.:8=.>:3
Budicl Lutcgf Xsclc
=>8.==:.:==.
338.866.<6?.=83
33. ^H_^CBCACG
33. UC\CUJKG
c. Lutcgf ^cbca
c. Ucxhs pcycoih ?>33
?>3>
60.05=.:?? 3=.?=5.8>> 56=.5>:.033 56.6<0.?5> 033.>65.?6=
c. Lutcgf ^cbca
86=.<>>.06> =.0=8.>=5 =>=.666.<:= 3.306.58<.>5> ?.>5<.063.0=6
Ulh Mkdpcgy Jgmkdh tcxhs2 Crtjmih ?3 Crtjmih ?= Crtjmih ?: Pciuh Ceehe Ucx
c. Ucxhs pcycoih ?>33
Hgtjtcs Cgca ^cbca phgflcsjicg2 ^csci ?3 ^cbca ^L_
Uktci Urceh ^cycoihs
Cs k` Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3> trceh pcycoihs- rhicthe pcrtjhs rhprhshgts 0=,0:% cge 0?,68% k` tlh tktci ijcojijtjhs, rhsphmtjvhiy.
Lutcgf usclc pjlca ohrhicsj pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3> dcsjgf-dcsjgf shohscr, 0=,0:% ecg 0?,68% ecrj budicl ahwcbjocg.
^hrusclccg ^cbca phgflcsjicg2 ^csci ?3 ^csci ?= ^csci ?: ^cbca ^hrtcdoclcg Gjicj
_upjcl Ekiicr
?>3>
033.>65.?6=
=>
:.8:?.36= ?5.6<=.68= =5.=68.:?0 ?.><=.>56.80=
]uosjejcry Jgmkdh tcxhs2 Crtjmih ?3 ^L_ Ucx
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij E jgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
33. ^H_^CBCACG (Icgbutcg)
33. UC\CUJKG (Mkgtjguhe)
o. Ohocg ^cbca ^hgflcsjicg
o. Jgmkdh Ucxhs Hxphgshs
_hakgsjijcsj cgtcrc icoc shohiud ohocg pcbca phgflcsjicg shsucj ehgfcg icpkrcg catjvjtcs ecrj tcasjrcg icoc ahgc pcbca ugtua tclug-tclug ycgf ohrcaljr pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3> cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2 ?>33 Icoc (rufj) akgskijecsjcg shohiud pcbca phgflcsjicg Icoc shohiud ohocg pcbca ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca (shthicl hijdjgcsj)
Budicl Ohec Uhdpkrhr Ohec thtcp2 _hprhshgtcsj ecg ljourcg ]udocgfcg Ohocg fcbj Ocfjcg rufj Hgtjtcs Cgca Icjg-icjg Budicl Ohec Uhtcp
?>3>
?8.58?.?30.<>= (
Icoc shohiud pcbca ^hrusclccg Ohec Uhdpkrhr2 ^hgyjsjlcg jdocicg ahrbc Cdkrtjscsj ohocg tcgffulcg ^hgyusutcg ecg cdkrtjscsj
C rhmkgmjijctjkg rhmkgmjijctjkg ohtwhhg jgmkdh oh`krh tcx hxphgshs cs slkwg jg tlh stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh cge hstjdcthe tcxcoih jgmkdh `kr tlh yhcrs hgehe Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3> crh cs `kiikws2
?.?33.5?=.>:=
Jgmkdh (Ikss) oh`krh jgmkdh tcx cs slkwg jg stcthdhgts k` jgmkdh Jgmkdh oh`krh tcx hxphgsh suosjejcry (c`thr hijdjgctjkg)
<.>=<.668.08:
Jgmkdh oh`krh tcx hxphgsh k` tlh mkdpcgy
8.
==8.366.><3 ) ?8.336.>=:.6??
Ujdjgf Ej``hrhgmhs2 ^rkvjsjkg `kr hdpikyhh ohgh`jts Cdkrtjzctjkg Cdkrtjzctjkg k` eh`hrrhe mlcrfhs Ehprhmjctjkg cge cdkrtjzctjkg
(
<=6.0:.53? 8?3.><:.:53
50:.060.<85 6:.6>:.53? 500.33:.5>3
(
?=0.<
3.>38.8>8.006
(
680.6?=.55? =<.=80.=<6 :>6.:?<.633) :>6.:?<.633)
3:3.5<0.86= 38<.3>8.:6> 3?.?38.<86 ” ::.=50.8>>
^hrdcghgt Ej``hrhgmhs2 _hprhshgtctjkg cge hgthrtcjgdhgt Ekgctjkg ]cicry mlcrfhs Ikss mlcrfhs k` suosjejcry Ktlhrs
(
33?.<5<.<
503.385.:>>
Uktci ^hrdcghgt Ej``hrhgmhs
Uktci Ujdjgf Ej``hrhgmhs
Ucasjrcg Ahgc ^cbca
?5.606.=>6.<5:
:.838.5=0.??0
Hstjdcthe Ucxcoih Jgmkdh
Icoc ahgc pcbca ” phdouictcg Ucasjrcg pcbca phgflcsjicg ^cbca phgflcsjicg ejocycr ejduac Jgeua phrusclccg
?5.606.=><.>>> 0.3:3.>>
:.838.5=0.>>> ?.=6<.<8:.>>>
Ucxcoih Jgmkdh ” rkugehe rkugehe Hstjdcthe jgmkdh tcx ^rhpcydhgts k` jgmkdh tcx ^crhgt Mkdpcgy
(
8.63<.536.=<:) 8.63<.536.=<:) (
?.>68.><3.3>6) ?.>68.><3.3>6)
Ucasjrcg lutcgf pcbca phgflcsjicg Jgeua phrusclccg
56=.5>:.033
=>=.666.<:=
Hstjdcthe jgmkdh tcx ^crhgt Mkdpcgy
Ucasjrcg lutcgf pcbca phgflcsjicg akgskijecsj
56=.5>:.033
=>=.666.<:=
Hstjdcthe jgmkdh tcx mkgskijecthe
=3
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
33. ^H_^CBCACG (Icgbutcg)
33. UC\CUJKG (Mkgtjguhe) m. Eh`hrrhe Ucxhs
m. Ohocg ^cbca Ucgffulcg
_jgmjcg ecrj csht ecg (ahwcbjocg) pcbca tcgffulcg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Ehtcjis k` csshts cge eh`hrrhe tcx ijcojijtjhs mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
^hrljtugfcg csht (ahwcbjocg) pcbca tcgffulcg cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2 ]ciek cwci csht (ahwcbjocg) pcbca tcgffulcg Csht thtcp Ohocg ejtcgffulacg Ahwcbjocg Jdocicg Ahrbc Cauduicsj rufj Hgtjtcs Cgca Ahwcbjocg ^cbca Ucgffulcg
(
( (
?>3>
Ulh mkdputctjkg kg eh`hrrhe tcx csshts (ijcojijtjhs) crh cs `kiikws2 Ohfjggjgf ocicgmh k` eh`hrrhe tcx 3>.535.6::.86< 3>.535.6::.86<)) csshts (ijcojijtjhs) ” @jxhe csshts =3:.06=.5<6 =3:.06=.5<6 Eh`hrrhe mlcrfhs 336.53:.?3= 336.53:.?3= Hdpikyhh ohgh`jts ijcojijtjhs suosjejcry ” Cmmuduicthe ikss k` suosjejcry
:.:66.6>0.<6< :.:66.6>0.<6< ) ( 3=>.?6?.5<8 3=>.?6?.5<8 3:.:?6.=8= ?>:.5?>.8<0) ?>:.5?>.8<0) 3:<.?>0.5?6) 3:<.?>0.5?6)
( 3>.?=8.3=5.>8= ) (
3?. OJCZC ZCGF DC]JL LC_X] LC_X] EJOCZC_
:.:66.6>0.<6< :.:66.6>0.<6<))
3?. CMM_XHE H\^HG]H]
Caug jgj threjrj ecrj2
Uljs cmmkugt mkgsjsts k`2 ?>3>
?>33
Ougfc pjgbcdcg UL_ ecg okgus Ojcyc kphrcsjkgci lkthi Ehvjehg _hgkvcsj fheugf Cstha / Bcdskstha Bcdskstha Bcsc prk`hsjkgci Icjg-icjg Budicl Ojcyc Zcgf Dcsjl Lcrus Ejocycr
Eh`hrrhe Ucx Ijcojijtjhs
6.<><.803.=?8 6.<><.803.=? 8 3.>><.3>3.8>> 3.>><.3>3.8> > < < 6=0.30?.<55 866.8>>.>>? 866.8>>.>>? ?66.66=.05> ?66.66=.05> 355.=>>.>>> 3.5?5.=6=.<5< 3.5?5.=6=.<5 <
8=6.5<=.5:5 008.>>>.>>> ?3>.8>6.0>= ?3>.8>6.0>= 0=.=>>.>>> 368.0>3.0=:
Jgthrhst hxphgshs UL_ ciikwcgmhs cge okgus Lkthi kphrctjkgci hxphgshs Ejvjehge Oujiejgf rhgkvctjkg Cstha / Bcdskstha Bcdskstha ^rk`hsjkgci shrvjmhs Ktlhrs
3?.<8:.=8:.:>:
3.083.<:?.6=0
Uktci Cmmruhe Hxphgshs
=?
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
3=. XCGF DXAC ^HICGFFCG
3=. CEPCGMH] @_KD MX]UKDH_]
Caug jgj dhrupcacg ucgf duac ctcs phdohijcg ejstrjoutkr ahpcec pjlca ^hrusclccg ehgfcg rjgmjcg shocfcj ohrjaut2
Uljs cmmkugt mkgsjsts k` cevcgmhs `rkd tlh Mustkdhrs k` tlh Mkdpcgy wljml crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
^U Mcarc Ijdc ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf ^U ^IG ^jajtrjgf BOG ^U Oucgc Fikoci Dcgejrj ^U ^rcejptc Gcyc Frjwc ^U ]hgtrctha Dhtcijgek ^U Okrghk Dcbu Bcyc ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg MP Dhrcpj ^U Dhsjgek Cfugf Guscgtcrc ^U ]hdcrcgf ]udohr ]hbclthrc Icjg-icjg (ejocwcl _p. ?>> Butc) Budicl Xcgf Duac ^hgbucicg
?>3>
5.=:0.6=>.>0= 5.=:0.6=>.>0 = 5.=8>.008.=?> 5.=8>.008.=?> ?.<=:.:??.8=> ?.<=:.:??.8= > 688.>6=.>>> 005.05:.5=6 005.05:.5=6 8=0.33<.08? 8=0.33<.08? 530.6<0.=>? 530.6<0.=>? =65.>=>.8=3 =65.>=>.8=3 =3:.8>>.>>> =>3.=5:.8=8 =>3.=5:.8=8 :5.6>:.836 3.>0=.==3.<3< 3.>0=.==3.<3<
330.8>0.:3< ==?.<<3.:55 ==?.<<3.:55 ?.<=:.:33.8=> 688.>6=.>>> ” ” ” ” ?=8.808.?8> ?=8.808.?8> 50?.5>:.<<> 50?.5>:.<<>
30.33?.<00.6>8 30.33?.<00.6 >8
5.65?.=5<.8?? 5.65?.=5<.8? ?
35. ^JGBCDCG BCGFAC ^CGBCGF
^U Mcarc Ijdc ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf ^U ^IG ^jajtrjgf BOG ^U Oucgc Fikoci Dcgejrj ^U ^rcejptc Gcyc Frjwc ^U ]hgtrctha Dhtcijgek ^U Okrghk Dcbu Bcyc ^U ]jgcr Ocru Dhecg MP Dhrcpj ^U Dhsjgek Cfugf Guscgtcrc ^U ]hdcrcgf ]udohr ]hbclthrc Ktlhrs (ohikw _p 3>> Djiijkg) Uktci Cevcgmhs @rkd Mustkdhrs
35. IKGF UH_D IKCG]
^jgbcdcg bcgfac pcgbcgf threjrj ecrj2
Uljs cmmkugt mkgsjsts k`2 ?>3>
?>33
^kaka pjgbcdcg
-
^hiugcscg Lutcgf Ocga
-
Budicl ^jgbcdcg bcgfac ^cgbcgf
-
(
3>.5>>.>>>.>>> 3>.5>>.>>>.>>>
^rjgmjpci kutstcgejgf Ikcgs
3>.5>>.>>>.>>> 3>.5>>.>>>.>>>))
Ocga Ikcg shttihdhgt
”
Uktci Ikgf Uhrd Ikcgs
^cec tcgffci 3= Cfustus ?>><, Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgecpctacg `csjijtcs pjgbcdcg ecrj ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa ehgfcg eh gfcg gjicj gkdjgci pjgbcdcg shohscr _p 35.>>>.>>>.>>> ugtua dcsc phdocycrcg scdpcj ehgfcg 3= @horucrj ?>3=. ^jgbcdcg thrshout ejahgcacg ougfc shohscr 3?,8% phrtclug ecg ejbcdjg ehgfcg tcgcl shiucs 5.8>5 d? ecg ocgfugcg lkthi ejctcsgyc shiucs 6.>?6 d? ej Bi.]khacrgk Lcttc Gk.3 ehsc Ecrky Acdhu, Cmhl Ohscr GCE, ]LFO Gk.3 ecg ?.
>g Cufust 3=, ?>><, tlh suosjejcry lcs kotcjghe ikcgs `cmjijty `rkd ^U ^cgjg Ocga Uoa wjtl wj tl cdkugt k` _p 35.>>>.>>>.>>>, ugtji 3= @horucry ?>3=. Jgthrhst rcth `kr tljs ikcg js 3?,8>% phr cggud. Ulh ikcg wcs mkiicthrjzhe oy icge crhc cge tlh lkthi oujiejgfs wljml cokvh k` tlh icge crhc k` 6.>?6 d? jg Bi. ]khacrgk Lcttc Gk. 3 vjiicfh Ecrky Acdhu, Cmhl Ohscr GCE, ]LFO Gk. 3 cg ?.
^cec tcgffci 3 Gkvhdohr ?>3>, Hgtjtcs Cgca thicl dhiugcsj pjgbcdcggyc, ohrecscracg surct ahthrcgfcg ecrj ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa, Gk. ?=>:/BC^-M^K/H\U/3>.
Cmmkrejgf Cmmkrejgf tk tlh ihtthr `rkd ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa Gk. ?=>:/BC^-M^K/H\U/3> ecthe Gkvhdohr 3, ?>3>, tlh suosjejcry lcs shttihe jts ehot tk ^U Ocga ^cgjg Uoa.
==
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
35. IKGF UH_D IKCG] (Mkgtjguhe)
35. ^JGBCDCG BCGFAC ^CGBCGF ^CGBCGF (Icgbutcg)
^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca thicl dhicauacg phgjtjpcg/phdocycrcg pkaka ahwcbjocg (akgsjgycsj) ahpcec O^^G shohscr _p. 3.83<.6?6.>>> ahpcec ^hgfcejicg Ghfhrj Bcacrtc shsucj ehgfcg phghtcpcg Mkgsjfgcth Gk. >?/?>>< Mkg/^G BAU.^]U tcgffci 3< ]hpthdohr ?>>< ecicd rcgfac phgyhihscjcg lutcgf phrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca ahpcec O^^G
Jg mkgghmtjkg wjtl tlh shttihdhgt k` tlh mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry‚s ehot tk O^^G/JO_C tlh mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry lcs ohhg mkgsjfgcthe tlh pcydhgt k` tlh ehot tk O^^G/JO_C `kr cdkugt k` _p. 3.83<.6?6.>>> tk tlh mhgtrci Ejstjmt Bcacrtc Mkurt cs stcthe ^hghtcpcg Mkgsjfgcth Gk. >?/?>>< mkg/^G.BAU.^]U ecthe ]hpthdohr 3<, ?>><.
Ohrecscracg ]urct ecrj Ahdhgthrjcg Ahucgfcg _hpuoija Jgekghsjc Gkdkr ]-500/AG.5/?>33 thrtcgffci ?? @horucrj ?>33, dhgfjgfct tufcs O^^G thicl ohrcaljr ecg/ctcu O^^G thicl ejouocracg, dcac lutcgf ^hrshrkcg ahpcec O^^G thicl ejcijlacg ahpcec Ahdhgthrjcg Ahucgfcg _hpuoija Jgekghsjc ecg ejahikic kihl Dhgthrj Ahucgfcg.
Ocshe kg tlh ihtthr `rkd tlh Djgjstry k` @jgcgmh k` tlh _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc Gudohr ]-500/AG.5/?>33 ]-500/AG.5/?>33 ecthe @horucry ??, ?>33, sjgmh tlh O^^G/JO_C lcs ohhg ijqujecthe, tlhg tlh Mkdpcgy‚s ehot tk O^^G/JO_C lcs ohhg trcgs`hrrhe tk tlh Djgjstry k` @jgcgmh k` tlh _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc cge dcgcfhe oy tlh Djgjsthr k` @jgcgmh.
38. DKECI ]CLCD
38. MC^JUCI ]UKMA ?>33
^hdhfcgf sclcd ]clcd ]hrj C Dcsycrcact (dcsjgf-dcsjgf ehgfcg ahphdjijacg aurcgf ecrj 8%)
Budicl sclcd ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr phgul / udohr k` slcrhs ]uosmrjohe cge @uiiy ^cje
^hrshgtcsh ahphdjijacg/ ^hrmhgtcfh k` Kwghrsljp (%)
Budicl/ Cdkugt
]tkmalkiehrs C ]hrjhs slcrhs ^uoijm (hcml k` kwghrsljp js ihss tlcg 8%)
80.>>>.>>>
8
8=.:?<.>>>.>>>
80.>>>.>>>
8
8=.:?<.>>>.>>>
?30.<::.8>> ?>>.>>>.>>> 3<>.>>>.>>> 3>>.>>>.>>> 3>>.>>>.>>> 63.608.?>> 6>.>>>.>>> 0:.<>
3:,=6 36,<0 30,>6 <,:= <,:= 0,53 0,?8 0,?5
=?.3>3.3?0.>>> ?:.0>>.>>>.>>> ?0.05>.>>>.>>> 35.<>>.>>>.>>> 35.<>>.>>>.>>> 3>.0?3.?5:.0>> 3>.=0>.>>>.>>> 3>.=5?.8:8.?>>
88.58?.:>>
5,:8
<.?>6.>?:.?>>
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj O
3.>05.>>>.>>>
:8.>>
386.56?.>>>.>>>
Uktci O ]hrjhs ]lcrhs
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj C ecg O
3.3?>.>>>.>>>
3>>.>>
?33.5>>.>>>.>>>
Uktci C cge O ]hrjhs ]lcrhs
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj C ]clcd ]hrj O ^U Hrejalc Hijt Ciplc Mcpjtci Cfhgts Ite ^cmj`jm Hijt Frkup Ijdjthe ^U ]jocihm Hrwjg ]uryk _clcrbk ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ]. ^U Uutuicg ]uadc O^^G* Dcsycrcact (dcsjgf-dcsjgf ehgfcg ahphdjijacg aurcgf ecrj 8%)
=5
Uktci C ]hrjhs ]lcrhs O ]hrjhs slcrhs ^U Hrejalc Hijt Ciplc Mcpjtci Cfhgts Ite ^cmj`jm Hijt Frkup Ijdjthe ^U ]jocihm Hrwjg ]uryk _clcrbk ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ]. ^U Uutuicg ]uadc O^^G* ^uoijm (hcml k` kwghrsljp js ihss tlcg 8%)
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
38. DKECI ]CLCD (Icgbutcg)
38. MC^JUCI ]UKMA (Mkgtjguhe) (Mkgtjguhe) ?>3>
^hdhfcgf sclcd ]clcd ]hrj C Dcsycrcact (dcsjgf-dcsjgf ehgfcg ahphdjijacg aurcgf ecrj 8%)
Budicl sclcd ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr phgul / Gudohr k` slcrhs ]uosmrjohe cge @uiiy ^cje
^hrshgtcsh ahphdjijacg/ ^hrmhgtcfh k` Kwghrsljp (%)
Budicl/ Cdkugt
]tkmalkiehrs C ]hrjhs slcrhs ^uoijm (hcml k` kwghrsljp js ihss tlcg 8%)
80.>>>.>>>
8
8=.:?<.>>>.>>>
80.>>>.>>>
8
8=.:?<.>>>.>>>
??0.:=5.>>> ?>>.>>>.>>> 3<>.>>>.>>> 3>>.>>>.>>> 3>>.>>>.>>> 63.608.?>> 6>.>>>.>>> 0:.<>
?>,?0 36,<8 30,>6 <,:? <,:? 0,5> 0,?8 0,?5
==.0<0.?=?.>>> ?:.0>>.>>>.>>> ?0.05>.>>>.>>> 35.<>>.>>>.>>> 35.<>>.>>>.>>> 3>.0?3.?5:.0>> 3>.=0>.>>>.>>> 3>.=5?.8:8.?>>
58.53<.5>>
5,3>
0.6?3.:?=.?>>
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj O
3.>05.>>>.>>>
:8,>>
386.56?.>>>.>>>
Uktci O ]hrjhs ]lcrhs
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj C ecg O
3.3?>.>>>.>>>
3>>,>>
?33.5>>.>>>.>>>
Uktci C cge O ]hrjhs ]lcrhs
Budicl ]clcd ]hrj C ]clcd ]hrj O ^U Hrejalc Hijt Ciplc Mcpjtci Cfhgts Ite ^cmj`jm Hijt Frkup Ijdjthe ^U ]jocihm Hrwjg ]uryk _clcrbk ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ] ^U Uutuicg ]uadc O^^G* Dcsycrcact (dcsjgf-dcsjgf ehgfcg ahphdjijacg aurcgf ecrj 8%)
*)
*)
Dhrupcacg ocfjcg ecrj lutcgf sjgejacsj ^hrusclccg, shluougfcg ehgfcg rhstruaturjscsj ycgf ejicauacg kihl ^hrusclccg tclug ?>>3. Ej dcgc scct jgj phgfhikiccg sclcd ^hrusclccg djija O^^G thicl ejcijlacg ahpcec Ahdhgthrjcg Ahucgfcg _hpuoija Jgekghsjc shocfcjdcgc ecicd surct ycgf ejscdpcjacg ahpcec ^hrusclccg ecrj Ahdhgthrjcg Ahucgfcg _hpuoija Jgekghsjc Gk. ]-500/AG.5/?>33 tcgffci ?? @horucrj ?>33.
^cec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhicauacg aucsj-rhkrfcgjscsj, aucsj-rhkrfcgjscsj, ejdcgc ecdpca ecrj aucsj-rhkrfcgjscsj jgj cecicl phgfurcgfcg dkeci ecscr, dkeci ejthdpctacg ecg ejshtkr phgul ecg phgurugcg gjicj gkdjgci sclcd shthicl hijdjgcsj ecrj shijsjl phgjicjcg catjvc ecg ahwcbjocg, shijsjl phgjicjcg ahdocij catjvc thtcp _p 8?.03> Butc ejfcougf ehgfcg shijsjl phgjicjcg ahdocij csht thtcp _p <8.5?8 Butc ecg Cfjk sclcd shohscr _p 356.:?0 Butc ohiud muaup ugtua dhgutupj budicl eh`jsjt shohscr _p =?0.8<< Butc.
Uktci C ]hrjhs ]lcrhs O ]hrjhs slcrhs ^U Hrejalc Hijt Ciplc Mcpjtci Cfhgts Ite ^cmj`jm Hijt Frkup Ijdjthe Hiiy ]upkgk Hrwjg ]uryk _clcrbk ]uryc Cejwjbcyc ] ^U Uutuicg ]uadc O^^G* ^uoijm (hcml k` kwghrsljp js ihss tlcg 8%)
Ulh slcrhlkiejgf k` O^^G/JO_C O^^G/JO_C jg tlh Mkdpcgy Mkdpcgy wcs wcs tlh rhsuit k` tlh ehot rhstrumturjgf k` tlh Mkdpcgy jg tlh yhcr ?>>3, ocshe kg tlh ihtthr `rkd Djgjstry k` @jgcgmh k` _hpuoijm k` Jgekghsjc Gk.]- 500/AG.5/?>33 ecthe @horucry ??, ?>33, tlh slcrhlkiejgf k` O^^G/JO_C jg tlh Mkdpcgy wcs tcahg kvhr oy tlh Djgjstry k` @jgcgmh k` _hpuoijm Jgekghsjc.
Kg Dcy =3, ?>>6, tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry jdpihdhgthe tlh qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg. Ulh jdpcmt k` tlh rhkrfcgjzctjkg wcs oy rheumjgf tlh mcpjtci stkma, suosmrjohe cge pcje-jg mcpjtci cge ehmrhcsjgf tlh pcr vciuh phr slcrh c`thr hijdjgctjgf tlh ej``hrhgmhs `rkd vciuctjkg k` csshts cge ijcojijtjhs, rhvciuctjkg jgmrhdhgt jg k` `jxhe csshts js cdkugtjgf tk _p 8?.03> djiijkg ceehe wjtl ej``hrhgmhs `rkd vciuctjkg k` csshts cge ijcojijtjhs _p <8.5?8 djiijkg djiijkg cge mcpjtci surpius k` _p 356.:?0 djiijkg js gkt su``jmjhgt tk hijdjgcth tlh eh`jmjt k` cdkugt _p =?0.8<< djiijkg.
=8
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
30. CFJK ]CLCD
30. ^_HDJXD KG MC^JUCI ]UKMA
Caug jgj dhrupcacg cfjk sclcd ohrcsci ecrj phgcwcrcg phrecgc ycgf ejicauacg pcec tclug 3::? shohscr _p 3.8>>.>>>.>>>, ejtcdocl phroheccg lcrfc phicascgccg akgvhrsj lutcgf ehgfcg gkdjgci sclcd shohscr _p 350.5?0.385.3:0, shocfcj cajoct ahshpcactcg rhstruaturjscsj pcec tclug ?>>3.
Ulh prhdjud kg mcpjtci stkma mkdh `rkd jgjtjci puoijm k``hrjgf jg 3::? cdkugtjgf tk _p 3.8>>.>>>.>>>, pius tlh ej``hrhgmh k` tlh rhcijzctjkg prjmh kg tlh ehot mkgvhrsjkg wjtl pcr vciuh cdkugtjgf tk _p 35.5?0.385.3:0, cs c rhsuit `rkd tlh rhstrumturjgf jg ?>>3.
^cec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6, cfjk sclcd jgj ejhijdjgcsj ah caug shijsjl phgjicjcg csht ecg ahwcbjocg ycgf ejfugcacg ugtua dhgflcpus eh`jsjt pcec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6 ecicd luougfcggyc ehgfcg aucsjrhkrfcgjscsj (ijlct Mctctcg ?k ecg ?5).
Cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6, prhdjud kg mcpjtci stkma js hijdjgcthe tk ej``hrhgmh jg vciuctjkg k` csshts cge ijcojijtjhs tk hijdjgcth c eh`jmjt cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6 jg mkgghmtjkg wjtl c qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg (shh Gkths ?k cge ?5).
^cec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6, cfjk sclcd jgj ejhijdjgcsj ah caug shijsjl phgjicjcg csht ecg ahwcbjocg ycgf ejfugcacg ugtua dhgflcpus eh`jsjt pcec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6 ecicd luougfcggyc ehgfcg aucsjrhkrfcgjscsj (ijlct Mctctcg ?k ecg ?5).
Cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6, prhdjud kg mcpjtci stkma js hijdjgcthe tk ej``hrhgmh jg vciuctjkg k` csshts cge ijcojijtjhs tk hijdjgcth c eh`jmjt cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6 jg mkgghmtjkg wjtl c qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg (shh Gkths ?k cge ?5).
36. ^HGBXCICG OH_]JL
36. GHU ]CIH]
_jgmjcg phgecpctcg ohrsjl ^hrusclccg cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Acohi ijstrja Acohi thihpkg ^hgecpctcg bcsc lkthi Budicl ^hgecpctcg
Ohrsjl
”
Ulh ehtcjis k` ght scihs crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
?>3>
<3?.>53.=:8.56> 5=.3:>.3=:.60: :.8?3.>05.<86 :.8?3.>05.<86
8>6.>=?.<53.>8= ?<.>?5.5>:.:3: 6.80>.:?8.>>? 6.80>.:?8.>>?
Hihmtrjmjty mcoihs Uhihmkddugjmctjkg Uhihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs Lkthi shrvjmh jgmkdhs
<05.68?.0>>.>:8
85?.03<.368.:65
Uktci Ght ]cihs
_jgmjcg phgbucicg dhihojlj 3>% ecrj phgbucicg ohrsjl cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Ulh ehtcjis k` mustkdhr `rkd wlkd purmlcshs hxmhhehe 3>% `rkd ght scihs crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
^hicgffcg ^U Mcarc Ijdc
Budicl/ Cdkugt
?>3>
hrshgtcsh ecrj phgbucicg/ ^hrmhgtcfh `rkd scihs (%)
hrshgtcsh ecrj phgbucicg / ^hrmhgtcfh `rkd scihs (%)
Budicl/ Cdkugt
^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf ^U ^hrusclccg Ijstrja Ghfcrc
?85.8?>.><:.0?? ???.>88.65:.808
?:,5= ?8,0<
30<.<8<.>>=.6=0 386.5<0.?3>.:?<
380.<<<.:50.<83
3<,35
-
Budicl
0==.505.6<0.>=<
6=,?8
=?0.=55.?35.005
=0
=3,3? ?:,>? 0>.35
Mustkdhrs ^U Mcarc Ijdc ^U ]jgcr Ocru Uhtcp Cfugf ^U ^hrusclccg Ijstrja Ghfcrc
Uktci
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
3<. OHOCG ^KAKA ^HGBXCICG _jgmjcg ohocg ohrjaut2
pkaka
3<. MK]U K@ FKKE ]KIE
phgbucicg
cecicl
Oclcg ocau ycgf ejfugcacg Uhgcfc ahrbc icgfsugf Ohocg pcorjacsj ^hdcacjcg oclcg lcsphi Ijstrja, skicr ecg cjr ^hrocjacg ecg phdhijlcrccg ^hgyusutcg Ahphriucg Lkthi ^hrihgfacpcg pcorja ^hgfcgfautcg Oclcg phdocgtu _hprhshgtcsj Oclcg phgutupcg ecg phgfhmctcg lcsphi Ohocg phgfubjcg Ocrcgf Mhtcacg Icjg-icjg Budicl ohocg pcorjacsj
Budicl ohocg prkeuasj Ocrcgf ecicd prkshs ^cec cwci phrjkeh (Mctctcg 6) ^cec caljr phrjkeh (Mctctcg 6)
(
shocfcj
Ulh ehtcjis k` mkst k` fkke skie crh cs `kiikws2
?>33
?>3>
8:>.3:<.8:<.:58 6.<5?.6:>.85<
=65.6=6.0=0.:60 0.358.<>6.80<
3>.>53.=?5.68> 8.8>3.=6<.8=0 8.3?<.:5>.=68 <.=5?.850.58< ?.85>.>86.=3? 3.:?6.800.=60 3.085.3<<.336 :8:.085.>8: ?0>.6=8.<8>
0.660.?>5.8>> 5.?<>.:==.>>= =.<>?.=<6.<56 0.5<6.805.65? ?.<0<.==>.8=5 656.<:?.05? 8<6.=>0.<63 885.55<.=:6 ?5?.=68.>>>
_cw dcthrjci ushe Ejrhmt icokr @cmtkry kvhrlhce Lcsphi Dcthrjci Hihmtrjmjty. Hihmtrjmjty. `uhi cge wcthr _hpcjrs cge dcjgthgcgmh Ehprhmjctjkg Lkthi suppijhs cge dcthrjcis @cmtkry hqujpdhgt @rhjflt Jgejrhmt dcthrjcis _hprhshgtctjkg
3<=.0=0.=>> ==6.550.8>> 3><.?86.03= 8<.8>8.85=
38:.:<3.08> 35?.?=8.>8> 38.<5=.8>> 38.<=6.885
]luttjgf cge pcjgt k` lcsphi Ury kut hxphgsh ^rjgtjgf Ktlhrs
=6.>55.?=6.6<:
?0.0<3.=53.?:>
?>33
?>3>
0=8.><8.0?6.?
5>6.805.6<8.<=5
5.36=.0?8.3>= 5.606.>3:.:0< ) (
:.=33.858.0=5 5.36=.0?8.3>=) 5.36=.0?8.3>=)
Uktci @cmtkry Kvhrlhce
Uktci Dcgu`cmturjgf Mkst Vkra jg prkmhss Ct ohfjggjgf k` phrjke (Gkth 6) Ct hge k` phrjke phrjke (Gkth 6)
Ohocg ^kaka ^rkeuasj
0=5.5:?.?=?.536
53?.6>?.6>0.=08
Mkst k` Fkkes Dcgu`cmturhe
Ohocg ^kaka ^rkeuasj
0=5.5:?.?=?.536
53?.6>?.6>0.=08
Mkst k` Fkkes Dcgu`cmturhe
Ocrcgf bcej ^cec cwci phrjkeh (Mctctcg 6) ^hdohijcg ^cec caljr phrjkeh (Mctctcg 6) Budicl Ohocg ^kaka ^hgbucicg
?5.505.0=?.><5 ??3.0<>.:?0.30> ( <0.=>:.<<=.800 ) ( 6:5.=?6.:>6.>:8
?:.80>.03<.:33 :=.?5<.?68 ?5.505.0=?.><5) ?5.505.0=?.><5) 833.><>.653.506 833.><>.653.506
_jgmjcg phdohijcg ycgf dhihojlj 3>% ecrj phdohijcg ohrsjl cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
@jgjslhe fkkes Ct ohfjggjgf k` phrjke (Gkth 6) ^urmlcshs Ct hge k` phrjke phrjke (Gkth 6) Uktci Mkst k` Fkkes ]kie
Ulh suppijhrs wljml rhprhshgt dkrh tlcg 3>% k` tktci purmlcshs mkgsjst k` tlh `kiikwjgf2
=6
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
3<. MK]U K@ FKKE ]KIE (Mkgtjguhe)
3<. OHOCG ^KAKA ^HGBXCICG ^HGBXCICG (Icgbutcg) (Icgbutcg) ?>33
^hicgffcg ^U ]umcmk Uoa. Budicl
Budicl/ Cdkugt
?>3> ^hrshgtcsh ecrj ohocg pkaka phgbucicg/ ^hrmhgtcfh `rkd mkst k` fkke skie (%)
Budicl/ Cdkugt
hrshgtcsh ecrj ohocg pkaka phgbucicg/ ^hrmhgtcfh `rkd mkst k` fkke skie (%)
05:.<:<.55>.83<
0:,?8
566.>>3.866.=5>
:=,==
05:.<:<.55>.83< 05:.<:<.55>.83<
0:,?8
566.>>3.866.=5>
:=,==
_jgmjcg ohocg phgbucicg cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
?>3>
=.>68.60<.:05 ?.565.?3<.8><
?.>>=.:06.5:? 3.338.>8=.30=
6:5.<50.36? 360.08<.33> :>.63=.3=? 3.5<<.=08.:=8
8?>.<:5.<03 ?<8.<>8.:66 =:.0:3.8?0 3.6?=.>>>
<.3>>.86>.
=.:06.3=0.>3:
Urcvhijgf _hprhshgtctjkg Ktlhrs
Ulh ehtcjis k` fhghrci hxphgshs crh cs `kiikws2 ?>33
Budicl Ohocg Xdud ecg Cedjgjstrcsj
Ikcejgf cge ugikcejgf ^uoijmctjkg cge Dcrahtjgf ]cicrjhs. wcfhs cge hdpikyhhs whi`crhs
Uktci ]cihs cge Dcrahtjgf Hxphgshs
_jgmjcg ohocg udud cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Fcbj, upcl ecg ahshbclthrccg acrycwcg ^hgyusutcg Lkgkrcrjud thgcfc clij ^hrbcicgcg ejgcs ]udocgfcg ecg jurcg ^hrocjacg ecg phdhijlcrccg ^cbca oudj ecg ocgfugcg Csurcgsj ^hrihgfacpcg acgtkr/akdputhr _hprhshgtcsj Uhihpkg, thihas ecg `cx Cedjgjstrcsj sclcd Ahohrsjlcg ^uoijacsj Oclcg ocacr Icjg-icjg
Uktci
Ulh ehtcjis k` scihs hxphgshs crh cs `k iikws2
?>33
Budicl Ohocg ^hgbucicg ecg ^hdcscrcg
^U ]umcmk Uoa.
3:. ]CIH] CGE FHGH_CI H\^HG]H]
3:. OHOCG ^HGBXCICG ECG XDXD
^hgfcgfautcg ^uoijacsj ecg phdcscrcg Fcbj, upcl ecg ahshbclthrccg acrycwcg ^hrbcicgcg ejgcs _hprhshgtcsj Icjg-icjg
Mustkdhrs
?>3>
<.0<=.:??.?5: =.>03.::=.3<0 3.???.006.<8> <>>.836.3=: 806.=<3.<00 56<.<=>.3<0 508.5><.0>< 58<.=55.560 =58.8>=.<:8 ?=0.=>=.83> 3?=.>>>.>>> 56.?5<.0>> ?6.5>6.:>> <.>>>.<3> ?63.?06.3=0
36.0??.>=?.0<3 36.0??.>=?.0<3
:.338.:8>.55< ?.:?3.=5>.686 ?:8.>80.3?= ?08.56:.<<5 3<6.5::.<6< <8<.<.3>0.<>5 33=.>>>.>>> ” 3?>.:><.386 55.5::.==3 5?<.<63.?86
38.5:5.003.383 38.5:5.003.383
=<
]cicrjhs. wcfhs cge hdpikyhhs whi`crhs Ehprhmjctjkg ^rk`hssjkgci `hhs Urcvhijgf Ekgctjkg cge mkgtrjoutjkg _hpcjrs cge dcjgthgcgmh Icge cge oujiejgf tcx Jgsurcgmh K``jmh/mkdputhr hqujpdhgt _hprhshgtctjkg Uhihplkgh. thihx cge `cmsjdjih Cedjgjstrctjkg k` slcrhs slcrhs Mihcgjgf ^uoijmctjkg @uhi Ktlhrs Uktci Fhghrci cge Cedjgjstrctjkg Cedjgjstrctjkg Hxphgshs
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?>. OHOCG OXGFC
?>. JGUH_H]U H\^HG]H]
Caug jgj jg j dhrupcacg ohocg ougfc thrlcecp pjgbcdcg, ugtua phrjkeh 3 Bcgucrj scdpcj ehgfcg =3 Ehshdohr Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3>, dcsjgf-dcsjgf shohscr _p 3?.6?<.0?>.66? ecg _p 0.56<.?8>.586
Uljs cmmkugt rhprhshgt jgthrhsht hxphgshs kg tlh ikcg, `kr tlh phrjke Bcgucry 3 up tk Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3> cdkugtjgf rhsphmtjvhiy _p _p 0.56<.?8>.586 3?.6?<.0?>.663 cge
?3. JDOCICG AH_BC
?3. HD^IKZHH OHGH@JU]
^hrusclccg ecg hgtjtcs cgca dhgfljtugf ecg dhdouauacg hstjdcsj dcg`cct acrycwcg ugtua shiurul acrycwcggyc shsucj ehgfcg Xgecgf ” Xgecgf Gk. 3= tclug ?>>= thgtcgf ahthgcfcahrbccg ecg Ahputuscg Dhgthrj Uhgcfc Ahrbc Gk.38>/?>>> (Ahp38>) thgtcgf phgyhihscjcg phdutuscg luougfcg ahrbc ecg phghtcpcg ucgf phscgfkg, ucgf phgflcrfccg dcsc ahrbc ecg fcgtj ahrufjcg ej ^hrusclccg. Budicl acrycwcg ycgf ohrlca dhdphrkihl dcg`cct thrshout cecicl shocgyca ?88 ecg ?5= acrycwcg dcsjgfdcsjgf pcec phrjkeh ycgf ohrcaljr =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3>.
Ulh Mkdpcgy cge jts suosjejcry mkdputhe cge rhmkrehe prkvjsjkg `kr hdpikyhh ohgh`jts `kr cii tlhjr hdpikyhh cs kutijgh jg Icw Gk.3= yhcr ?>>= cokut ’Icokr— cge Ehmrhh k` Djgjstry k` Dcgpkwhr Gk.38>/?>>> (Ahp-38>) rhfcrejgf tlh ]httihdhgt k` wkra ejsdjsshe cge ehthrdjgctjkg k` shpcrctjkg, cpprhmjctjkg cge mkdphgsctjkg pcydhgts jg Mkdpcgjhs. Uktci hdpikyhhs wlk crh qucij`jhe `kr tlh ohgh`jts crh ?88 cge ?5= `kr phrjke hgehe Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3>.
Csudsj utcdc ycgf ejfugcacg ecicd dhghgtuacg ojcyc dcg`cct phahrbc kihl ^U Ojgcputhrc Bcfc Ljadcl, catucrjs jgehphgehg, cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2 ^hrusclccg dhgfljtugf ecg dhdouauacg hstjdcsj dcg`cct acrycwcg ugtua shiurul acrycwcggyc shsucj ehgfcg Xgecgf ” Xgecgf Gk. 3= tclug ?>>= thgtcgf ahthgcfcahrbccg ecg Ahputuscg Dhgthrj Uhgcfc Ahrbc Gk.38>/?>>> (Ahp-38>) thgtcgf phgyhihscjcg phdutuscg luougfcg ahrbc ecg phghtcpcg ucgf phscgfkg, ucgf phgflcrfccg dcsc ahrbc ecg fcgtj ahrufjcg ej ^hrusclccg. Budicl acrycwcg ycgf ohrlca dhdphrkihl dcg`cct thrshout cecicl shocgyca ?88 ecg ?5= acrycwcg dcsjgf-dcsjgf pcec phrjkeh ycgf ohrcaljr =3 Ehshdohr ?>33 ecg ?>3>.
Ulh prjgmjpci cssudptjkgs ushe tk ehthrdjgh tlh hdpikyhh ohgh`jts mkst oy ^U Ojgcputhrc Bcfc Ljadcl, jgehphgehgt cmtucrjci, crh cs `kiikws2 Ulh Mkdpcgy mkdputhe cge rhmkrehe prkvjsjkg `kr hdpikyhh ohgh`jts `kr cii tlhjr hdpikyhh cs kutijgh jg Icw Gk.3= yhcr ?>>= cokut ’Icokr— cge Ehmrhh k` Djgjstry k` Dcgpkwhr Gk.38>/?>>> (Ahp-38>) rhfcrejgf tlh ]httihdhgt k` wkra ejsdjsshe cge ehthrdjgctjkg k` shpcrctjkg, cpprhmjctjkg cge mkdphgsctjkg pcydhgts jg Mkdpcgjhs. Uktci hdpikyhhs wlk crh qucij`jhe `kr tlh ohgh`jts crh ?88 cge ?5= `kr phrjke hgehe Ehmhdohr =3, ?>33 cge ?>3>.
Csudsj utcdc ycgf ejfugcacg ecicd dhghgtuacg ojcyc dcg`cct phahrbc kihl ^U Ojgcputhrc Bcfc Ljadcl, catucrjs jgehphgehg, cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut 2
Ulh prjgmjpci cssudptjkgs ushe tk ehthrdjgh tlh hdpikyhh ohgh`jts mkst oy ^U Ojgcputhrc Bcfc Ljadcl, jgehphgehgt cmtucrjci, crh cs `kiikws2
=:
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?3. HD^IKZHH OHGH@JU] (Hdpikyhh Ohgh`jts)
?3. JDOCICG AH_BC (Icgbutcg)
Ujgfact ejsakgtk Ujgfact ahgcjacg fcbj tclugcg Ucohi dkrtcijtcs Xsjc phgsjug
?>33
?>3>
3>,>>% :,>>% UDJ JJ 3::: 88 tclug
3>,>>% :,>>% UDJ JJ 3::: 88 tclug
Dutcsj ahwcbjocg prkfrcd cecicl shocfcj ohrjaut2
Dkvhdhgt k` picg ijcojijtjhs js cs `kiikws2
?>33
]ciek cwci tclug Ohocg jdocicg ahrbc ^hdocycrcg dcg`cct ]ciek Caljr Uclug
( (
?>3>
=.>5<.<8 =.>5<.<8 =6<.:=<.>50) 05.>=<.>50) ( ?.0>8.<>5.0:8
?.36=.6<8.5=3 ?.36=.6<8.5=3 :?<.=60.<85 8=.==6.?>>) 8=.==6.?>> )
Ohfjggjgf ocicgmh Hdpikyhh ohgh`jts hxphgsh Mkgtrjoutjkg
=.>5<.<8
??. ICOC ^H_ ]CLCD EC]C_
Hgejgf Ocicgmh
??. HC_GJGF ^H_ ]LC_H
Icoc ohrsjl phr sclcd ecscr ejljtugf ehgfcg dhdocfj icoc ohrsjl ugtua pcrc phdhfcgf sclcd ehgfcg rctcrctc thrtjdocgf budicl sclcd ojcsc ycgf ohrhecr pcec phrjkeh ohrscgfautcg.
Ocsjm hcrgjgf pcr slcrhs js mkdputhe oy ejvjejgf ght jgmkdh wjtl tlh whjflthe cvhrcfh gudohr k` kutstcgejgf slcrhs eurjgf tlh phrjke.
?>33
Icoc usclc Icoc ohrsjl ]clcd ecscr
Ejsmkugt rcth Cgguci scicry jgmrhcshs jgmrhcshs Dkrtcijty rcth _htjrhdhgt cfh
?>3>
55.6>?.><:.5:< 55.6>?.><:.5 :< 3<.:<5.5==.56> 3<.:<5.5==.5 6>
3?.>68.0=6.==6 =.:?3.033.<88
80.>>>.>>> 3.>05.>>>.>>>
80.>>>.>>> 3.>05.>>>.>>>
3.3?>.>>>.>>> 3.3?>.>>> .>>>
3.3?>.>>>.>>>
Icoc usclc phr sclcd ecscr
5>
33
Icoc ohrsjl phr sclcd ecscr
36
=
Budicl rctc-rctc thrtjdocgf sclcd shrj C Budicl rctc-rctc thrtjdocgf sclcd shrj O
_ctc-rctc thrtjdocgf budicl sclcd ycgf ohrhecr
5>
Jgmkdh `rkd kphrctjkgs Ght jgmkdh Ocsjm slcrhs Uktci whjflt cvhrcfh C shrjhs slcrhs Uktci whjflt cvhrcfh O shrjhs slcrhs
Vhjflthe cvhrcfh slcrhs kutstcgejgf Jgmkdh `rkd kphrctjkgs phr slcrhs ” ocsjm ocsjm
Ght jgmkdh phr slcrh ” ocsjm ocsjm
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?=. ^H_BCGBJCG EHGFCG ^JLCA AHUJFC 3.
?= . CF_HHDHGU VJUL ULJ_E ^C_UJH]
^cec tcgffci 6 Bugh ?>33, phrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhicauacg phrbcgbjcg (phrjactcg) ehgfcg pjlca ahtjfc, _kshgecli Dcsmljghg F.d.o.L ycgf ohraheueuacg ej Custrjc, ugtua dhdohij Jgsuictjkg ijgh `kr plysjmciiy `kcdhe mcoihs _A-M ecg _@ Mkrrufctjkg ijgh _A-V cge Uhmlgkikfy trcgs`hr.
3.
?5. AHIKD^KA JG]U_XDHG AHXCGFCG
Kg 6 Bugh ?>33, tlh mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry hgthrhe jgtk cg cfrhhdhgt (hgfcfhdhgt) wjtl tljre pcrtjhs, _kshgecli Dcsmljghg F.d.o.L ocshe jg Custrjc, tk ouy Jgsuictjkg ijgh `kr mcoihs plysjmciiy `kcdhe _A- M cge _@ Mkrrufctjkg ijgh _A-V cge Uhmlgkikfy trcgs`hr.
?5. @JGCGMJCI JG]U_XDHGU]
Ucohi ej ocwcl jgj dhgycbjacg phrocgejgfcg ctcs gjicj thrmctct ehgfcg gjicj wcbcr ecrj jgstrudhg ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca ycgf thrmctct ecicd icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsjcg pcec tcgffci =3 Ehshdohr ?>332
Ulh tcoih ohikw prhshgts tlh mkdpcrjskg k` tlh mcrryjgf vciuh cge `cjr vciuh k` `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts Ulh Mkdpcgy cge jts ]uosjejcry crh rhmkrehe jg tlh mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts ct =3 Ehmhdohr ?>332
Gjicj Uhrmctct/ Mcrryjgf Pciuh
Gjicj Vcbcr/ @cjr Pciuh
Csht ahucgfcg Acs ecg ocga Ehpksjtk ohrbcgfac ^jutcgf usclc ” ohrsjl ^jutcgf icjg-icjg Budicl
@jgcgmjci csht 3?.<:=.=><.=5: 3?.<:=.=><.= 5: ?.3>>.>>>.>>> ?.3>>.>>>.>>> 3<=.>?0.<:?.>0? 3<=.>?0.<:?. >0? 3.60:.=6>.5<8 3.60:.=6>.5<8 3::.6<:.86>.<:0
53
3?.<:=.=><.=5: ?.3>>.>>>.>>> ?.3>>.>>>.>>> 3<=.>?0.<:?.>0? 3<=.>?0.<:?.>0 ? 3.60:.=6>.5<8 3.60:.=6>.5<8 3::.6<:.86>.<:0
Mcsl kg lcge cge jg ocgas Ujdh ehpksjts Urceh rhmhjvcoihs ” ght ght Ktlhr rhmhjvcoihs Uktci
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
?5. AHIKD^KA JG]U_XDHG AHXCGFCG (Icgbutcg)
?5. @JGCGMJCI JG]U_XDHGU] (Mkgtjguhe)
Gjicj Uhrmctct/ Mcrryjgf Pciuh
Ijcojijtcs ahucgfcg Lutcgf ocga Lutcgf usclc ^jlca ohrhicsj ohrhics j ^jlca ahtjfc Budicl
Gjicj Vcbcr/ @cjr Pciuh
@jgcgmjci ijcojijty 8>.>>>.>>>.>>>
8>.>>>.>>>.>>>
?=:.<5?.?6?.385 08.5:6.003.00: 08.5:6.003.0 0:
?=:.<5?.?6?.385 08.5:6.003.00: 08.5:6.003.0 0:
=88.==:.:==.
=88.==:.:==.
Csht ecg ijcojijtcs ijcojijtcs ahucgfcg bcgfac phgeha
Ocga Ikcg Urceh pcycoihs _hicthe pcrtjhs Uljre pcrtjhs
Uktci
Csshts cge `jgcgmjci `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs ijcojijtjhs crh slkrt-thrd
Gjicj wcbcr acs ecg ocga, pjutcgf usclc, pjutcgf icjg-icjg, lutcgf usclc, lutcgf ocga bcgfac phgeha ecg ojcyc dcsjl lcrus ejocycr bctul thdpk ecicd bcgfac phgeha dcac gjicj thrmctct dhgehactj hstjdcsj gjicj wcbcrgyc acrhgc bcgfac wcatu bctul thdpk ycgf sjgfact ctcs jgstrudhg ahucgfcg thrshout Csht ecg ijcojijtcs ijcojijtcs ahucgfcg bcgfac pcgbcgf2
Ulh `cjr vciuh k` mcsl cge ocga, trceh rhmhjvcoihs, ktlhr rhmhjvcoihs, cmmkugts pcycoih, slkrt-thrd ocga ehot cge cmmruhe hxphgshs euh jg tlh slkrt-thrd mcrryjgf vciuhs miksh tk tlh hstjdcthe `cjr vciuh k` tlh eurctjkg k` tlh slkrt dcturjty k` tlhsh `jgcgmjci jgstrudhgts. Csshts cge `jgcgmjci `jgcgmjci ijcojijtjhs ijcojijtjhs crh ikgf-thrd
Gjicj wcbcr pjgbcdcg bcgfac pcgbcgf dhgehactj gjicj thrmctct acrhgc tjgfact suau ougfcgyc ejgjicj uicgf shmcrc ohracic. ?8. JG@K_DC]J ]HFDHG X]CLC
Ulh `cjr vciuh k` ikgf-thrd okrrkwjgfs cpprkcmljgf tlh mcrryjgf vciuh ohmcush jgthrhst rcths rhsht phrjkejmciiy csshsshe. ?8. K^H_CUJGF ]HFDHGU JG@K_DCUJKG
]hbca 3 Bcgucrj ?>>=, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhghrcpacg ^hrgyctccg ]tcgecr Caugtcgsj Ahucgfcg (^]CA) Gk.8 (_hvjsj ?>>>), ’^hicpkrcg ]hfdhg—.
]jgmh Bcgucry 3, ?>>=, tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry lcs jdpihdhgthe ]tcthdhgts k` @jgcgmjci Cmmkugtjgf ]tcgecres (^]CA) Gk.8 (_hvjsjkg ?>>>), ’]hfdhgt _hpkrtjgf—.
]tcgecr jgj dhdohrjacg phekdcg ycgf ihojl rjgmj ugtua dhghtcpacg shfdhg usclc ecg shfdhg fhkfrc`js ycgf lcrus ejicpkracg. Jg`krdcsj ahucgfcg ejicpkracg ohrecscracg jg`krdcsj ycgf ejfugcacg kihl dcgcbhdhg ecicd dhgfhvciucsj shtjcp shfdhg ecg dhghgtuacg phgfcikacsjcg sudohr ecyc. ]hluougfcg ehgfcg jgj, jg`krdcsj shfdhg pcec icpkrcg ahucgfcg ejscbjacg ohrecscracg phgfaicsj`jacsjcg udud ctcs prkeua ^hrusclccg shocfcj shfdhg usclc utcdc ecg echrcl phdcscrcg shocfcj shfdhg fhkfrc`js. Dcgcbhdhg dhgycbjacg jg`krdcsj shfdhg usclc shsucj ehgfcg ahfjctcg usclc shocfcj ohrjaut2
Ulh stcgecre sphmj`jmiy prkvjehs ejrhmtjkgs tk ehthrdjgh Mkdpcgy‚s shfdhgt oy prkeumt cge fhkfrcpljm tlct slkuie oh rhpkrthe. Ulh `jgcgmjgf jg`krdctjkgs slkuie oh rhpkrthe ocshe kg tlh jg`krdctjkg wljml js ushe oy tlh dcgcfhdhgt tk jg`krd cii cmtjvjtjhs k` hcml shfdhgt cge mkgtjguh tlh ciikmctjkg k` rhskurmhs. Jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl tljs, tlh shfdhgt jg`krdctjkg wljml js stcthe jg mkgskijecthe `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts whrh prhshgthe ocshe kg fhghrci micssj`jmctjkg k` frkup k` prkeumt cs c mkrh ousjghss cge dcraht crhc cs c fhkfrcpljm shfdhgt. Ulh dcgcfhdhgt lcs prhshgthe kphrctjgf shfdhgt jg`krdctjkg jg cmmkrecgmh wjtl kphrctjgf cmtjvjtjhs crh cs `kiikws2
5?
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs l hrhjg crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe) ?8.
?8. JG@K_DC]J ]HFDHG X]CLC X]CLC (Icgbutcg) ?>33
K^H_CUJGF ]HFDHGU JG@K_DCUJKG (Mkgtjguhe)
?>3>
Echrcl fhkfrc`js Ekdhstja ” Ikaci
<05.68?.0>>.>:8 <05.68?.0>>.>: 8
85?.03<.368.:65
Fhkfrcpljm crhcs Ekdhstjm ” Ikmci Ikmci
Budicl
<05.68?.0>>.>:8
85?.03<.368.:65
Uktci
Bhgjs prkeua Acohi ijstrja Acohi thihpkg Bcsc lkthi
<3?.>53.=:8.56> <3?.>53.=:8.56 > 5=.3:>.3=:.60: :.8?3.>05.<86 :.8?3.>05.<8 6
8>6.>=?.<53.>8= ?<.>?5.5>:.:3: 6.80>.:?8.>>?
Uyph k` prkeumt Hihmtrjmci mcoihs Uhihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs Lkthi shrvjmh
Budicl
<05.68?.0>>.>:8
85?.03<.368.:65
Uktci
Lcrfc pkaka phgbucicg Acohi ijstrja Acohi thihpkg Bcsc lkthi
68=.:::.:56.66> 68=.:::.:56.66 > =6.6<6.:>?.>3= ?.85>.>86.=3? ?.85>.>86.=3 ?
5:5.5>5.?56.<>3 3=.<><.30=.3=? 3=.<><.30=.3 =? ?.<0<.==>.8=5
Mkst k` fkkes skie Hihmtrjmci mcoihs Uhihmkddugjmctjkg mcoihs Lkthi shrvjmh
Budicl
6:5.=?6.:>6.>:8
833.><>.653.506
Uktci
Ohocg usclc Acohi ijstrja Acohi thihpkg Bcsc lkthi
38.>0<.=30.0=3 8.>??.66?.?3> 8.>??.66?.?3> 8.0=3.835.003 8.0=3.835.00 3
3>.508.6<>.:3< =.5<<.8:=.0=: =.5<<.8:=.0=: 8.8>6.5??.03=
Budicl Icoc (rufj) kphrcsj Acohi ijstrja Acohi thihpkg Bcsc lkthi
?8.6??.0>=.8>? ?8.6??.0>=.8 >?
3:.503.6:6.36>
Budicl
55.6>?.><:.5:< 55.6>?.><:.5 :<
5?.:6=.3=3.>0< =6:.508.850 ( 3.=5:.5:?.<<5 3.=5:.5:?.<< 5 (
?0. JD^IHDHGUC]J AXC]J AXC]J _HK_FCGJ]C]J ”
30.>0=.3:3.:66 =.36?.6?0.5:8 ) <35.68.0=6.==6
?0.
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JD^IHDHGUCUJKG K@ SXC]J ” _HK_FCGJRCUJKG _HK_FCGJRCUJKG
Xgtua dhduicj cwci ycgf ocja ehgfcg ghrcmc ycgf ejgjicj ehgfcg gjicj wcbcr ecg tcgpc ejohocgj eh`jsjt, ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca dhgfjdpihdhgtcsjacg aucsj-rhkrfcgjscsj pcec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6 (ijlct mctctcg ?).
Uk cmljhvh c “`rhsl - s tcrt— phr`krdcgmh wjtl tlh -stcrt— ocicgmh slhht stcthe ct `cjr-vciuh cge wjtlkut ohjgf ourehghe oy eh`jmjt, tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry jdpihdhgthe qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6 (shh Gkth ?).
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Uljs qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg lcvh ohhg cpprkvhe jg tlh Hxtrckrejgcry Dhhtjgf k` ]tkmalkiehrs ecthe Gkvhdohr 3, ?>>6 wljml wcs gktcrjzhe jg Gktcrjci Ehhe Gk.3= k` Ihkijg Bcycycgtj, ].L, ecthe Ehmhdohr ?<, ?>>6.
Dcgcbhdhg phrmcyc oclwc ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Cgca cacg dhgecpctacg ahugtugfcg ejdcsc ycgf cacg ectcgf shthicl dhicauacg aucsj ” rhkrfcgjscsj . 5=
Dcgcfhdhgt ohijhvhs tlct tlh Mkdpcgy cge tlh suosjejcry wjii cmljhvh prk`jt jg mkdjgf yhcrs c`thr qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg.
Ulh krjfjgci `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts jgmiuehs lhrhj g crh jg Jgekghsjcg icgfucfh
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ DX_GJ Uoa CGE JU] ]XO]JEJC_Z ]XO]JEJC_Z GKUH] UK MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU] @K_ ULH ZHC_] HGEHE EHMHDOH_ =3, ?>33 CGE ?>3> (Hxprhsshe jg _upjcl, ugihss ktlhrwjsh stcthe)
^U ACOHIJGEK DX_GJ Uoa ECG HGUJUC] CGCA CGCA MCUCUCG CUC] IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J XGUXA UCLXG-UCLXG ZCGF OH_CALJ_ ^CEC UCGFFCI =3 EH]HDOH_ ?>33 ECG ?>3> (Ejgyctcacg Ecicd _upjcl, Ahmucij Ejgyctcacg Icjg)
?0. JD^IHDHGUC]J AXC]J _HK_FCGJ]C]J (Icgbutcg)
?0. JD^IHDHGUCUJKG K@ SXC]J ” _HK_FCGJRCUJKG (Mkgtjguhe)
”
^ksjsj ahucgfcg ^hrusclccg pcec tcgffci =3 Dhj ?>>6 shohiud ecg shsuecl aucsj ” rhkrfcgjscsj ecpct ejijlct shocfcj ohrjaut2
Csht Csht icgmcr Csht tjeca icgmcr Budicl Csht
Ulh `jgcgmjci pksjtjkg k` tlh Mkdpcgy cs k` Dcy =3, ?>>6 oh`krh cge c`thr qucsj-rhkrfcgjzctjkg js slkwg ohikw2
]hohiud / Oh`krh
]hsuecl / C`thr
30:.:=<.>5>.5?8 30:.:=<.>5>.5?8 ??5.000.3?3.>50
30:.:=<.>5>.5?8 30:.:=<.>5>.5?8 ??5.000.3?3.>50
=:5.0>5.303.563
=:5.0>5.303.563
Uktci Csshts Ijcojijtjhs Murrhgt ijcojijtjhs Gkg ” murrhgt murrhgt ijcojijtjhs
Ijcojijtcs Lutcgf icgmcr Lutcgf tjeca icgmcr
30?.>:?.356.?>= 30?.>:?.356.?>= 36.
30?.>:?.356.?>= 36.
Budicl Ijcojijtcs
36:.:35.=63.:80
36:.:35.=63.:80
Ahphgtjgfcg gkg phgfhgecij Ctcs Csht Ohrsjl Hgtjtcs Cgca
Haujtcs Dkeci sclcd Cfjk sclcd ]hijsjl phgjicjcg ahdocij csht thtcp
]hijsjl phgjicjcg csht ecg ahwcbjocg Eh`jsjt Budicl Haujtcs
Csshts Murrhgt csshts Gkg ” murrhgt murrhgt csshts
Uktci Ijcojijtjhs Gkg-mkgtrkijgf Gkg-mkgtrkijgf jgthrhst jg ght csshts k` suosjejcry
?.586.?3?.>>?
?.586.?3?.>>?
?8?.<5>.>>>.>>> ?8?.<5>.>>>.>> > 356.:?0.385.3:0 356.:?0.385.3:0 <8.5?8.=:=.3=< <8.5?8.=:=.3=<
?33.5>>.>>>.>>> <=?.866.83= <=?.866.83= ”
8?.0>:.88=.:=8 8?.0>:.88=.:=8 ( =?0.80<.8?=.680 ) ?3?.?=?.866.83=
” ” ?3?.?=?.866.83=
?6. ^H_]HUXBXCG CUC] IC^K_CG IC^K_CG AHXCGFCG AKG]KIJEC]J
Hqujty Mcpjtci ]tkma ^rhdjud kg mcpjtci stkma _hvciuctjkg jgmrhdhgt jg `jxhe csshts
Ej``hrhgmh Ej``hrhgmh jg jg vciuctjkg vciuctjkg k` k` csshts csshts cg ijcojijtjhs Eh`jmjt Uktci k` Hqujty
?6. C^^_KPCI C^^ _KPCI K@ MKG]KIJECUHE @JGCGMJCI ]UCUHDHGU]
Dcgcbhdhg ^hrusclccg ^hrusclccg ecg Hgtjtcs Hgtjtcs Cgca ohrtcgffugf bcwco ctcs icpkrcg ahucgfcg akgskijecsj ycgf thicl ejshihscjacg pcec tcgffci ?6 Dcrht ?>3?. 55
Ulh `jgcgmjci stcthdhgts whrh cpprkvhe oy tlh ‚s dcgcfhd hgt Mkdpcgy cge jts suosjejcry ‚s hgt cge cutlkrjzhe `kr jssucgmh jssucgmh kg Dcrml ?6, ?>3?.
