;
Aihläk mh quemh busak ck vmr`k`? `msaihläk `m quemh q uemh yk ck mhaihtrñ—... _Kh`rå
^kuc Fuecckudm Fe`mT.
Kh`rå ^kuc Fuecckudm Fe`m (^kres, 22 `m hivmdbri `m ;:<5 ‐ ^kres, ;5 `m lmvmrmeri `m ;5=;)
lie ud msaretir lrkhaçs. Rmambmu i Hibmc `m Cetmrkturk `m ;506 . Ireuh`i `m udk lkdäcek `k kctk burfumsek, lie i
luh`k`ir `k M`etirk Fkccedkr` m `k rmvestk Hiuvmccm Rmvum Lrkhækesm. Fe`m hái sidmhtm mrk jidissmxukc kssude`i, aidi tkdbåd lkckvk kbmrtkdmhtm md lkvir `is `ermetis `is jidissmxukes, tmh`i msareti m pubceak`i, mhtrm ;5;> m ;520, ud cevri `mstehk`i k aidbktmr is prmaihametis jidilñbeais `k siaem`k`m `m smu tmdpi, Airy`ih.
Cebmr`k`m m cebmrtkæái rmauskh`i rmstreæýms dirkes m puretkhks, k suk ibrk krteauck-sm ki rm`ir `k busak pmrdkhmhtm `k jihmste`k`m ehtmcmatukc7 aidi smr efukc k se dmsdi, ki pihti `m kssuder k suk pm`mrkstek m k suk jidissmxukce`k`m. Mhtrm ks suks ibrks dkes edpirtkhtms mstái Is Lrutis `k Pmrrk, k gë dmhaeihk`k Airy`ih, K Qehlihek ^kstirkc, I Edirkcestk m Is Dim`meris Lkcsis.
2
Beifrklek Ehlâhaek
Kh`rå Fe`m hksamu hi `ek 22 `m Hivmdbri `m ;:<5 md ^kres, lecji `m ^kuc Fe`m, ud prilmssir `m `ermeti hk ]hevmrse`k`m `m ^kres, m `m Gucemttm Rih`mkux. I pke, hkturkc `m ]zås, `msamh`ek `m udk kustmrk lkdäcek pritmstkhtm. K dám mrk lecjk `m burfumsms reais `m Riumh, irefehkcdmhtm aktñceais, dks aihvmrte`is ki pritmstkhtesdi. K ehlâhaek `m Fe`m lie dkrak`k pir udk kctmrhâhaek `m rmse`çhaek mhtrm k Hirdkh`ek (md Riumh) m Ck Riqum, guhti `k lkdäcek dktmrhk, m ]zås, hk aksk `k suk kvñ pktmrhk, ih`m sm kpkexihk kpke xihk lirtmdmhtm pmck pkeskfmd akdpmstrm. Fe`m ktrebuerë frkh`m edpirtâhaek k mstks ehlcuçhaeks aihtrk`etñreks, mxkfmrkh`i i smu akrëatmr `m khtetåteai. Md ^kres, is Fe`m rmse`erkd suamssevkdmhtm hk rum `m Då`eaes m, pistmreirdmhtm, hk rum `m Piurhih (k pkrter `m ;:6=), guhti ki Gkr`ed `i Cuxmdburfi. Hái dueti cihfm, ehstkciu-sm Khhk Qjkaocmtih, udk `mvitk msaiamsk, qum smrek fivmrhkhtk m prilmssirk `m Gucemttm, qum kakbkrek pir cjm `m`eakr udk kdezk`m eh`mlmatävmc. Khhk, pmck suk `mceak`mzk, givekce`k`m m ehtmcefçhaek, e htmcefçhaek, tmd ud pkpmc edpirtkhtm hk ehlâhaek `i givmd Fe`m. Mviak`k md ^irtm Åtrietm m md Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt, k suk dirtm md ;::0 dkrakrë Kh`rå priluh`k m `iciriskdmhtm.
I givmd Kh`rå eheaek k suk kprmh`ezkfmd `i pekhi, qum smrë k aidpkhjek `m ti`k k suk ve`k. ^ekhestk hkti, Fe`m ckdmhtkrë huhak tmr te`i prilmssirms qum i tevmssmd trkhslirdk`i hud vmr`k`meri d÷seai. Md ;:66, å k`dete`i hk Åaicm kcskaemhhm, ud ehtmrhkti, eheaekh`i eheae kh`i udk msaickre`k`m errmfuckr m `msaihtähuk. Aid mlmeti, å rkpe`kdmhtm suspmhsi pir trçs dmsms pir sm tmr `mexk`i cmvkr pmcis smus "dkus jëbetis" `urkhtm i pmräi`i msaickr. ^iuai `mpies `i smu rmfrmssi î msaick - "aurk`i" pmcks kdmkæks `m akstrkæái `m ud då`eai m pmck trestmzk `is smus pkes - k "`imhæk" rmehae`m7 k dksturbkæái, k qum mcm ajkdk "veam"_;T m qum prkteak smd `mexkr `m sm smhter pmak`ir m trestmdmhtm tre stmdmhtm `mlmetuisi, rkpe`kdmhtm rmtidkrë i smu cufkr mhtrm is smus jëbetis cmvkh`i-i k msarmvmr, kis 21 khis, qum vevmu ktå mssk e`k`m "aidpcmtkdmhtm verfmd m `mprkvk`i". K dirtm `i smu pke, md 2: `m iutubri `m ;::>, klkstk-i ud piuai dkes `k msaickre`k`m hirdkc. Gë dkrak`i pmck dirtm `m udk givmd predk, Ådecm Ve`dmr, qum cjm priviak priluh`k aresm `m khf÷stek, Kh`rå pmr`m, aid k dirtm `i smu pke, ud rmckaeihkdmhti lmcez m tmrhi qum i `mexk sñ lkam î suk dám "M smhte-dm `m rmpmhtm ti`i mhvicve`i pir mssm kdir, qum ehlmcezdmhtm sm mhamrriu md ded". Gucemttm Fe`m, duetks vmzms `msaretk aidi udk dám refirisk m akstrk`irk, hái `mexk `m kdkr priluh`kdmhtm i smu lecji, kdir qum mstm rmtrebue. Kaidpkhjë-ci-ë aihstkhtmdmhtm hi smu akdehji `m `msmhvicvedmhti ehtmcmatukc - prihtk k prmstkr-sm ki aihtrk`etñrei - m rmvmckrë udk kfece`k`m msperetukc bmd supmreir î qum smrek `m mspmrkr `m udk givmd Rih`mkux. @urkhtm i khi `m ;::;, Gucemttm Fe`m cmvk-i pkrk k Hirdkh`ek ih`m i mhtrmfk kis aue`k`is `m ud prilmssir piuai ehsperk`i. Kh`rå aihjmam ud smfuh`i pmräi`i `m frkh`m `mprmssái (Qajku`mrh)7 "Hái siu efukc kis iutris! Hái siu efukc kis iutris!". \ke `mpies pkrk Dihtpmccemr, pkrk guhti `i smu tei Ajkrcms Fe`m. ^mrsmfue`i pmcis smus aicmfks, Fe`m msakpk `i
1 ceamu frkæks k udk `imhæk hmrvisk dkes iu dmhis seduck`k. @mpies `m udk smquçhaek `m aurks, å rmehtmfrk`i hk Åaicm kcskaemhhm md ;::2, ih`m å kssick`i pir veicmhtks mhxkqumaks, smfueh`i-sm udk kctmrhâhaek mhtrm ^kres m Riumh Ri umh m mhtrm ud aihguhti `m prilmssirms pkrteauckrms `m mleaëaek vkreëvmc.
Ks viakæýms
@urkhtm udk `ks suks mstk`ks md Riumh, hi Iutihi `m ;::2, `msaibrm k dëfik smarmtk `k suk predk Dk`mcmehm md rmckæái îs rmckæýms k`÷ctmrks `k suk dám. Kluh`k`i md mdiæái, Fe`m `msaibrm "ud hivi iremhtm pkrk k (suk) ve`k". Hksam mhtái udk rmckæái cihfk m tirtuisk. Fe`m `mexk-sm lksaehkr pir mstk rkpkrefk, pmck suk aihsaeçhaek `i dkc, pmci smu lmeti räfe`i m aihlirdestk? ud aihguhti `m `elmrmhæks qum i lksaehk. Aihstrñe `k suk predk, piuai k piuai, udk edkfmd `m pmrlmeæái pmck qukc sm kpkexihk, `m lirdk purkdmhtm ehtmcmatukc, dks hái dmhis kr`mhtm. K pkrter `m ;::1, ; ::1, tmd kucks pkrteauckrms aid Dk`kdm Bkumr, aid qumd `msaibrm, mhtrm iutris, i Giurhkc `'Kdemc, qum i ehamhtevk k msarmvmr i smu prñprei `eërei ehtädi. I smu predi, Kcbmrt @ådkrmst, pmck suk ktmhæái bih`isk m kbmrtk, tmd tkdbåd ud pkpmc edpirtkhtm guhti `m Fe`m, aihsmfueh`i qum k suk dám rmteamhtm cjm aiham`k kamssi î bebceitmak pktmrhkc. Mhtrm ;::= m ;:::, i givmd Kh`rå vevm ud pmräi`i `m mxkctkæái rmcefeisk - qukceleak`k `m "mstk`i smrëleai"_;T - qum mcm pkrtecjk aid k suk predk frkæks k udk airrmspih`çhaek kcedmhtk`k pir cmeturks aiduhs. Aihsuctk kbuh`khtmdmhtm k Bäbcek, is kutirms frmfis m prkteak i ksamtesdi. Md ;::=, trkvk aihjmaedmhti md Ck Riqum aid Lrkhæies Vett-Fuezit, qum kssiaek `urkhtm kcfud tmdpi ki smu desteaesdi. Hi khi smfuehtm, å i pkstir Åcem Kccåfrmt, smu prilmssir `m \mrái, qum sm tirhk smu kdefi. Md ;::6, rmfrmssk î Åaicm kcskaemhhm pkrk kprmh`mr rmtñreak m aihjmam ^emrrm Ciuys, aid qumd sm mhvicvm hudk kdezk`m kpkexihk`k, qum frkvetk md rm`ir `k cetmrkturk m `i smu `msmgi aidud `m msarmvmr. Hi khi smfuehtm, mhqukhti prmpkrk i mxkdm `m lecisilek hi ceamu Jmhre-E\, Fe`m `msaibrm Qajipmhjkumr. ^kssk k lrmqumhtkr is skcýms cetmrëreis `m ^kres, ih`m aihjmam hudmrisis msaretirms. I smu predmeri trkbkcji, Cms C ms Akjemrs `'Kh`rå Vkctmr, aid i qukc mspmrk ibtmr i predmeri suamssi cetmrërei m k dái `k suk predk, ibtmd aräteaks lkvirëvmes m ktrke k ktmhæái `i p÷bceai. Is Akjemrs pripiraeihkd-cjm aihjmamr Dkuream Bkrrês (`m i Auctm `u die, hái i `m @årkaehås, k qumd sm ipirë) m Dkcckrdå, qum aktkceskrë k trkhslirdkæái `i desteaesdi rmcefeisi `m Fe`m md desteaesdi åteai. I `mspihtkr `m udk kdezk`m `urk`iurk aid ^kuc \kcåry å kaidpkhjk`k `k `mtmreirkæái `ks rmckæýms aid ^emrrm Ciuys, qum i kausk, tkc aidi k suk predk, `m mfiamhtresdi. Dk`mcmehm, mhtrmtkhti, rmausk i akskdmhti m klkstk-sm ehquemtkdmhtm `mcm. Eheaek-sm mhtái udk cihfk cutk pkrk vmhamr k suk rmsestçhaek m aihvmhamr k lkdäcek, qum tkdbåd sm ipým î uheái. Hi smu aihguhti, Fe`m acksseleak mstm pmräi`i `m lrmquçhaek kssä`uk m vá `is skcýms aidi udk "smcvk ibsaurk" qum i `mpredm.
0 K "tmhtkæái `m vevmr"
Mh ;:5;, piuai `mpies `m tmr msareti i Prketå `u Hkraessm, aihjmam Isakr Ve c`m, pmrsihkce`k`m qum tkhti i kssustk aidi i lksaehk. ^krk Fe`m, qum aidmæk k klkstkr-sm `m Kh`rå Vkctmr, `i smu e`mkc ksaåteai, `k rmgmeæái `k ve`k, Vec`m å i mxmdpci vevi `m udk kctmrhktevk. Hk ^redkvmrk `m ;:52, udk vekfmd pmck Kcmdkhjk, smd k suk dám, å k iakseái pkrk kpriluh`kr i smu aihjmaedmhti sibrm Fimtjm. Fe`m aidmæk mhtái k pmhskr qum "å ud `mvmr smr lmcez". Hks Åcåfems ridkehms, Fe`m `msaibrm k cmfetede`k`m `i prkzmr - md ipiseæái ki puretkhesdi qum smdprm jkvek aihjmae`i - qum rmsuctk pkrk mcm hudk "tmhtkæái `m vevmr". Å mhtái qum aidmækd ks tmhsýms aid k suk dám, qum aihtehuk `mae`e`k md `mlmh`mr ks prmtmhsýms `i lecji md rmckæái k Dk`mcmehm, aihtrk i rmsti `k lkdäcek Rih`mkux m `k prñprek, `mtmrdehk`is md hái pmrdeter i akskdmhti mhtrm is predis. @urkhtm i \mrái `m ;:52, msarmvm k \iykfm `']remh. Kpñs k pubceakæái, i cevri å efhirk`i pmck aräteak m is mhairkgkdmhtis `is kdefis prñxedis sái piuai aihvehamhtms. Hi Iutihi, `mpies `m udk brmvm pksskfmd pmcks aksmrhks m aehai guhtks, Fe`m å aihse`mrk`i ehkpti pkrk i smrveæi decetkr. I khi smfuehtm å dkrak`i pmci hksaedmhti `m udk hivk kdezk`m, eheaekcdmhtm kpmhks mpestickr, aid Lrkhaes Gkdms, qum i kprmsmhtiu k Mufêhm Riukrt. Å, aihtu`i, udk iutrk kdezk`m, aid ^kuc Ckurmhs, qum tmrë ud pkpmc `maesevi hk suk ve`k. I givmd pehtir, kprivmetkh`i udk bicsk `m mstu`i, erë lkzmr udk vekfmd vekfmd `m ud khi m aihve`k Fe`m k kaidpkhjë-ci. I pårepci, `msareti md Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt, smrë pkrk Fe`m k iakseái pkrk k cebmrtkæái dirkc m smxukc qum mcm smdprm khsekrk. ^krtmd md iutubri `m ;:51 pkrk udk vekfmd `m hivm dmsms, pksskh`i pmck Puhäsek, Krfåcek m Etëcek. Fe`m k`imam cifi î pkrte`k, m vke peirkh`i î dm`e`k qum vái hk `ermaæái `i suc `k Puhäsek. Å hmstm aihtmxti, md Qi ussm, qum `msaibrm i prkzmr aid ud givmd rkpkz, Kce. ^kuc m Kh`rå ehstkckd-sm `mpies md Besork, hk Krfåcek, ih`m k suk eheaekæái aihtehuk his brkæis `k givmd Dåremd. K ehtrusái s÷betk `m Gucemttm Fe`m, ehquemtk pmck sk÷`m si smu lecji, vmd ridpmr k suk ehtede`k`m, eht ede`k`m, ktå qum k vekfmd prissefk smd mck, md kbrec `m ;:50. @mpies `m udk pksskfmd rëpe`k pir Qerkausk, `msaibrmd Ridk qum Fe`m, keh`k k`imhtk`i, kprmaek piuai, m Lcirmhæk. Mhqukhti ^kuc Ckurmhs rmfrmssk k Lrkhæk, Fe`m rudk î Quäæk pkrk aihsuctkr i @iutir Kh`rmkm, qum cjm `ekfhisteak udk `imhæk mssmhaekcdmhtm hmrvisk m cjm `ë mspmrkhæk hk aurk. @mpies `m udk pksskfmd pir Ck Riqum, Fe`m rmfrmssk î Quäæk m ehstkck-sm md Ck Bråvehm, qum smrverë `m amhërei k Ck Qydpjihem pkstirkcm. Kä msarmvm ^kcu`ms m pckhmek Cms hiurreturms tmrrmstrms. I akskdmhti
I khi `m ;:5= eheaek-sm pkrk Kh`rå Fe`m aid udk smfuh`k vekfmd î Krfåcek, i h`m mhaihtrk `m hivi Vec`m kaidpkhjk`i `m Cir` Kclrm` @iufcks ("Bisem") m ih`m kaihtmam udk iutrk hietm `maesevk hk aidpkhjek `m ud givmd d÷seai. K airrmspih`çhaek aid k suk dám rmfestk udk ipiseæái mhtrm kdbis ak`k vmz dkes dke s vmmdmhtm. Hi mhtkhti, hi smu rmfrmssi k Lrkhæk, L rkhæk, k setukæái mstë trkhqueck. Dk`mcmehm, qum rmvç hmssk kcturk, rmkprixedk-sm lehkcdmhtm `mcm m k dirtm `k suk dám, Gucemttm, md 1; `m dkei `m ;:5= - qum dkrak seductkhmkdmhtm ud didmhti `m frkh`m `ir, dks tkdbåd `m cebmrtkæái - prmaepetk is kaihtmaedmhtis. I hievk`i å khuhaek`i md guhji m i akskdmhti, qum huhak smrë aihsudk`i, å dkrak`i pkrk iutubri. @urkhtm k vekfmd `m h÷paeks `m smtm dmsms, Kh`rå, kpmskr `m bmd `m sk÷`m, smhtm-sm ehamsskhtmdmhtm trkvk`i pmck udk mspisk `imhtek. Hk Quäæk, trkbkcjk md Hiurreturms tmrrmstrms, qum jkvek aidmæk`i md Besork. Msarmvm tkdbåd ud pñslkaei pkrk ^kcu`ms, `mackrkh`i mhamrrk`i, `m lirdk sktäreak, i pmräi`i sedbicestk m aihse`mrkh`i ks Hiurreturms k
= hivk vek. Fe`m dkhtmrë luturkdmhtm i jëbeti `m edkfehkr ks suks ibrks aidi bkcezks hi smu akdehji, msaretks md rmkæái udks îs iutrks m edpissävmes `m aidprmmh`mr aidpcmtkdmhtm smhái ktrkvås `m udk cmeturk aihguhtk. a ihguhtk. K vekfmd `is rmaåd-aksk`is prissmfum md Etëcek m, hivkdmhtm, hk Krfåcek ih`m, md Besork, is is Fe`m rmambmd k vesetk `m Lrkhaes Gkdms m `m Riukrt. @m rmfrmssi k Lrkhæk, hk ^redkvmrk `m ;:5<, Fe`m `msaibrm qum lie mcmeti prmse`mhtm `k duheaepkce`k`m `m Ck Riqum. Mxmram i smu dkh`kti rmauskh`i-sm k lecekr-sm piceteakdmhtm, tkc aidi rmauskrë smdprm pmrtmhamr k udk `mtmrdehk`k msaick cetmrërek. Hi \mrái, msarmvm Mc Jk`g (pubceak`i hk rmvestk Amhtkurm) m tmrdehk Cms Hiurreturms. ^ubceak`i md ;:56 , mstm cevri rmambm ud kaicjedmhti mcifeisi, mdbirk tkhti hi qum rmspmetk kis tmdks `m luh`i (Lrkhaes Gkdms m iutris amhsurkd i smu eh`eve`ukcesdi m k suk kcmfrek eh`mamhtm) qukhti î lirdk, k aräteak tmhjk te`i `eleauc`k`m `m aidprmmh`mr k mstruturk `k ibrk, aid k hitëvmc mxampæái `m Jmhre Fjåih. Is `ies jidmhs kakbkd pir arekr udk kdezk`m priluh`k qum `urkrë ktå î aihvmrsái ki akticeaesdi `m Fjåih, md ;5;<.
Pmktri m arñheaks
@urkhtm i Ehvmrhi `m ;:5:, Fe`m aidmæk k ehtmrmsskr-sm pmci aksi a ksi @rmylus. Qubsarmvm k pmteæái `m kpiei k Wick, dks rmausk ridpmr i `eëcifi aid is qum, `m mhtrm is qum i ri`mekd, tidkd i pkrte`i aihtrërei. Qmd trkhsefer, msliræk-sm pir aidprmmh`mr, smhái dmsdi aihvmhamr, is smus k`vmrsëreis. ]dk mstk`ek `m `mz smdkhks md Ridk - `m qum mcm lehkcdmhtm aidmæk k fistkr - å dkrak`i pmck `msaibmrtk `m Hemtzsajm, ih`m rmvç is smus pmhskdmhtis dkes smarmtis7 "I frkh`m rmaihjmaedmhti qum cjm `mviti å i `m tmr kbmrti udk mstrk`k rmkc ih`m mu hái iusme, tkcvmz, trkækr dkes qum udk vmrm`k". Prkbkcjk hk pmæk `m tmktri Qkóc. Aihtrkpihti `m Hiurreturms, mstk ibrk `mvm rmvmckr i pmrefi `m udk `espiseæái mxkfmrk`k î kbmrturk, i resai `k `essicuæái `k pmrsihkce`k`m. ]dk vmz tmrdehk`k k pmæk, Fe`m tmhtk ibstehk`kdmhtm, dks md vái, cmvë-ck î amhk, i qum mxpceak k suk pubceakæái tkr`ek md ;5>1. I khi `m ;:5: trk`uz-sm efukcdmhtm hudk kateve`k`m ak`k vmz dkes sustmhtk`k `m aräteai m arihestk, mspmaekcdmhtm hk C'Mrdetkfm, rmvestk md qum `msmdpmhjk ud pkpmc primdehmhtm, mdbirk hái smgk i smu `ermatir. Msarmvm sibrm Hemtzsajm, lkz i mcifei l÷hmbrm `m Dkcckrdå m rmspih`m kis @årkaehås `m Bkrrês. Å, hi mhtkhti, hk rmvestk Rmvum Bckhajm qum pubceak ^jeciatêtm. ^iuai `mpies, k pubceakæái `m ^ridåtjåm dkc mhajkèhå, dkc aidprmmh`e`i pmck aräteak, pkssk `mpmrambe`i. Hk ^redkvmrk `m ;:55, Fe`m kprixedk-sm `i akskc vkh Ryssmcbmrfjm. Is Akjemrs `m ck ^mtetm @kdm (Dkrek vkh Ryssmcbmrfjm), eheaek`is md ;5;:, ;5;: , m qum Fe`m `msaihjmaek, prissmfuerkd ktå î suk dirtm, m aihstetumd ud tmstmduhji prmaeisi pkrk is smus beñfrklis. Hi khi smfuehtm, Fe`m eheaek udk aickbirkæái rmfuckr aid k Ck Rmvum Bckhajm. Lehkcdmhtm, md ;5>;, aihsmfum mhamhkr udk `ks suks pmæks `m tmktri, dks k mstrmek `m Rie Aku`kucm (msaretk md ;:55) å ud `mskstrm. K pmæk å `mdice`k pmck aräteak m Fe`m pkssk, k pkrter `kä, k `ms`mhjkr i frkh`m p÷bceai m i tmktri.
< @m C'eddirkcestm k ^irtm åtrietm
Md ;5>2, C'eddirkcestm ibtmd dkeir suamssi, dks i kutir, rkpe`kdmhtm ksiaek`i pmck aräteak ki pmrsihkfmd Deajmc, smhtm-sm ehaidprmmh`e`i. Qmfuh`i mcm, Deajmc hái pkssk `m udk vertukcezkæái `mcm prñprei, `m qum mcm sm purfk msarmvmh`i. @mpies `m C'Eddirkcestm, smfum-sm ud pmräi`i vkzei qum sm pricihfk ktå î pubceakæái `m Ck ^irtm åtrietm mh ;5>5. Hmssm pmräi`i, tmd `eleauc`k`m md msarmvmr, pubceakh`i kpmhks ^råtmxtms (aicmatâhmk `m aräteaks, md ;5>1), 'Kdyhtks (md ;5><, smd hmhjud edpkati hk aräteak) m i Rmtiur `m c'mhlkht pri`efum (;5>6). ^ubceak efukcdmhtm udk jidmhkfmd k Isakr Vec`m md ;5>27 k bktkcjk kssed eheaek`k pkrk prmsmrvkr k dmdñrek `i ridkhaestk aihtrk ks aräteaks jepñaretks `m Bisem prissmfuerë aid Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt. @urkhtm mstms khis hivks kdezk`ms sm arekd iu sm kpriluh`kd (aid Gkaqums Aipmku, Gmkh Qajcudbmrfmr, Ajkrcms `u Bis). Iutrks `ecumd-sm prifrmssevkdmhtm, aidi aid Gkdms, kpñs k aihvmrsái pir ^kuc Acku`mc, dmsdi sm ks `essmhsýms mhtrm is `ies kdefis gë prmam`ekd k aihvmrsái. Fe`m å tkdbåd kbir`k`i pir Acku`mc, qum sm kpmce`k k se prñprei `m "zmcitk" m `m "lkhëteai". K tmhtktevk `m Acku`mc å dkc suam`e`k udk vmz qum Fe`m pkrmam prmlmrer kpmhks vevmr k mxpmreçhaek `k lå ktrkvås `m Acku`mc, pir mdpktek,ki ehvås `m sm aihvmrtmr. Å tkdbåd `urkhtm mstm pmräi`i, `mpies `m tmr vmh`e`i Ck Riqum md ;5>>, qum Fe`m Fe `m dkh`k aihstruer k suk dkhsái md Kutmuec, qum acksseleak ac ksseleak `m ehkbetëvmc, pmck qukc Dk`mcmehm sm kpkexihk edm`ektkdmhtm, m hk qukc Fe`m vevmrë vehtm m `ies khis (`m ;5>< k ;52:). I led `i `maåhei å dkrak`i pir ud rmfrmssi î msaretk, aid Ck ^irtm åtrietm, m pmck arekæái `k HRL (Hiuvmccm Rmvum Lrkhækesm). Ck ^irtm åtrietm å i predmeri cevri `m Fe`m qum cjm trkz kcfuhs privmetis lehkhameris. K aräteak hái i mcifek m Fe`m smhtm-sm, udk vmz dkes, ehaidprmmh`e`i. Pkc aidi gë i jkvekd kssiaek`i khtms k Deajmc, kssiaekd-hi kfirk k Kcessk, mdbirk i smu msliræi `m mdpktek pkrk aid k suk jmriähk hái aihstetuk udk kprivkæái. K `edmhsái erñheak m aräteak `k ibrk i brk pkssk fmhmrkcezk`kdmhtm `mspmrambe`k. Hi qum rmspmetk î HRL, sm Fe`m hái å ileaekcdmhtm i `ermatir, å hk prëteak i ajmlm, ri`mk`i pir Gmkh Qajcudbmrfmr m Gkaqums Aipmku. Md ;5;;, i frupi kssiaek-sm î Fkstih Fkccedkr` pkrk ibtmr i kpiei `m udk m`etirk pkrk k rmvestk. Eskbmccm smrë ud `is predmeris tätucis `i aktëcifi. Airy`ih
Å hmstm pmräi`i qum Fe`m aidmæk k msarmvmr Airy`ih, ud mhskei siarëteai qum tmd pir ibgmatevi aidbktmr is prmaihametis sibrm k jidissmxukce`k`m m k pm`mrkstek. K suk `maesái `mae sái `m msarmvmr mstm mhskei å subsmqumhtm ki priamssi Rmhkr`, md qum ud jidmd å kausk`i `m dirtm, dmhis pmcis lkatis mxestmhtms aihtrk se qum pmcis smus "aistudms ehmhkrrëvmes". Is kdefis k qumd Fe`m subdmtm i rksauhji `i trktk`i kssustkd-sm aid i pissävmc msaâh`kci m k`vmrtmd-hi md rmckæái ki edpkati qum pi`mrë tmr tkhti hk suk ve`k p÷bceak aidi prevk`k, `m tkc lirdk qum Fe`m kpmhks dkh`k edpreder is `ies predmeris akpätucis a kpätucis khihedkdmhtm m `esarmtkdmhtm, md ;5;>. Aidpcmtkrë k suk ibrk md ;5;6-;:, dks kpmhks k pubceakrë hi smu hidm md ;520. I khi `m ;5;1 å dkrak`i pmci hksaedmhti `m udk hivk m priluh`k kdezk`m, uheh`i Fe`m k Rifmr Dkrteh `u Fkr`, kpñs k pubceakæái `m Gmkh Bkries pmck Fkccedkr`. Kdefi lemc m aräteai `msprive`i `m eh`ucfçhaek, Rifmr Dkrteh `u Fkr` dkhtmr-sm-ë hi aärauci `m rmckæýms prñxedk `m Fe`m ktå î dirtm `mstm.
6 Hi khi smfuehtm, k pubceakæái `m Cms Akvms `u \kteakh, aihambe`i aidi ud "cevri surprmmh`mhtm, ajmei `m lkcjks, `m burkais, dks tkdbåd `m `evmrtedmhti, `m bezkrreks m `m suamssis pkraekes", å ud ehsuamssi. I cevri kbirrmam md pkrteauckr ^kuc Acku`mc, qum kä `msaibrm tihs pm`mrkstks. @mpies `m mxefer k Fe`m qum sm mxpcequm, pkssk k rmauskr qukcqumr aickbirkæái aid mcm. ^rifrmssevkdmhtm klkstk`i `k `ermaæái mlmatevk `k HRL, kbkh`ihk`i k Gkaqums Reveêrm m Fkstih Fkccedkr`, Fe`m leak smd trkbkcji his ehäaeis `k ^redmerk Fumrrk Duh`ekc. @mpies `m ud predmeri ehstehti hkaeihkcestk, `msmhvicvm udk rmlcmxái sibrm k aidpcmdmhtkre`k`m pissävmc mhtrm k Lrkhæk m k Kcmdkhjk, vesái `i luturi `m udk Muripk aucturkc qum `mlmh`mrë k pkrter `i led `k fumrrk_:T (mhaihtris aid Vkctmr Rktjmhku). I khi `m ;5;< kssestm k udk hivk tmhtktevk `m aihvmrsái ki akticeaesdi, kpñs aresm priviak`k pmck aihvmrsái `m Jmhre Fjåih. ^krk Fe`m, i pribcmdk å dkes dirkc qum rmcefeisi7 Fe`m jmsetk mhtrm ud pkfkhesdi qum cjm pmrdetm klerdkr-sm hk kcmfrek m udk rmcefeái qum cjm pripiraeihk ks lmrrkdmhtks pkrk aidbktmr i smu pmak`i. Mstk suk rmlcmxái rmsuctk hk msaretk `m Hudque` mt tu. Hi lehkc, k aihvmrsái lkcjk, pmck rmgmeæái `k ehstetueæái macmseësteak, pmck rmausk `m substetuer udk vmr`k`m pmssikc pir udk vmr`k`m ehstetuaeihkc m `m kbkh`ihkr k suk cebmr`k`m `m pmhskr. I `ifdktesdi `is aktñceais qum i ri`mekd, aidi ^kuc Acku`mc, klkstk-i tkdbåd `mssk vek. ^krk smfuer i smu akdehji, aidmæk k rm`kaæái `m Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt. I khi smfuehtm å bmd `elmrmhtm. Md dkei (`m ;5;6), Fe`m eheaek udk rmckæái aidi i givmd Dkra Kccåfrmt. I kdir m i `msmgi, qum ktå mhtái jkvekd smfue`i veks smpkrk`ks, vebrkd `mstk vmz md uhässihi hi airkæái m hi airpi. Ki dmsdi tmdpi qum rmtidk k msaretk `m Airy`ih, Jmhre Fjåih klkstk-sm `mlehetevkdmhtm. Md ;5;:, å Dk`kcmhk qum sm `mscefk `mcm. Mhqukhti vekgk hk Ehfcktmrrk aid Dkra, ud pribcmdk aihlerdk ks `÷ve`ks qum mck aihsmfuek keh`k akckr. [umedk ks akrtks `i dkre`i m rmaicjm-sm hk suk aksk `m Auvmrveccm. Fe`m, k qumd k `mstrueæái `k suk airrmspih`çhaek `mexkrk ehaihsicëvmc ehai hsicëvmc ("Qilri aidi sm mck tevmssm ksskssehk`i i hissi lecji"_;;T), tirhk-sm i mspmatk`ir edpitmhtm `i cmhti msteickr `k ducjmr qum keh`k mrk i supirtm `k suk ve`k. Mstm `rkdk `ë-cjm, hi mhtkhti, udk hivk cebmr`k`m7 k `m pubceakr Airy`ih m ks suks dmdñreks.
K fcñrek m i smu prmæi
Hi smei `m udk HRL `eve`e`k (k m`etirk qum supirtkvk k rmvestk pkssiu k smr k Cebrkerem Fkccedkr`), Fe`m dkhtåd k luhæái sedbñceak `m lefurk tutmckr. ^krk kcåd `m kutir, å tkdbåd rmspihsëvmc pmck `msaibmrtk `m hivis tkcmhtis m pir lkaecetkr k aickbirkæái mhtrm msaretirms gë mstkbmcmae`is m givmhs pridmssks (Ciues Krkfih, Kh`rå Brmtih, Jmhry `m Dihtjmrckht). Hk `åak`k `m ;52>, k suk rmputkæái hái përk `m kudmhtkr7 k suk viz, qum lkck `m du`khæk `is mspäretis smd ehviakr k pkckvrk rmvicuæái, å msautk`k aid frkh`m rmspmeti. I smu pkpmc `m fuek `k guvmhtu`m å-cjm rmaihjmae`i, irk aid mhtuseksdi, irk aid aihstmrhkæái. Fe`m aihsmrvk k edprmssái `m qum ktehfeu k akcmbre`k`m smd huhak tmr se`i ce`i hmd aidprmmh`e`i. K suk ehlcuçhaek trkz-cjm ktkqums verucmhtis ve rucmhtis `k `ermetk aktñceak (Jmhre Dksses, Jmhre Bårku`), qum cjm amhsurk is smus vkcirms dirkes, i smu ehtmcmatukcesdi, k jmfmdihek `k HRL sibrm k cetmrkturk m, ktå, sibrm k cähfuk lrkhamsk. Fe`m, lerdmdmhtm kpiek`i pir Rifmr Dkrteh `u Fkr`, `mlmh`m-sm piuai pmssikcdmhtm dks `mlmh`m tmhkzdmhtm k HRL. \ëreis ehtmcmatukes `m `ermetk (Cåih @ku`mt, Lrkhæies Dkureka), qum i k`derkd kpmskr `ks `evmrfçhaeks d÷tuks, rmauskd-sm k pkrteaepkr hmssk akdpkhjk aihtrk Fe`m, mdbirk hái skekd k `mlmh`ç-ci. Aid k pubceakæái `m Airy`ih, qum kpmhks jkvek se`i ibgmati `m udk m`eæái cedetk`k pkrk kdefis, Fe`m lirhmamrë krfudmhtis kis smus ehedefis. Dks Fe`m prmlmrm mhakrkr `m lrmhtm k suk setukæái m
: `mexkr aker k dësakrk, rmair`kh`i-sm `i aksi `icirisi `m Isakr Vec`m. Hi mhtkhti, i cevri å rmambe`i aid eh`elmrmhæk, pir smr `mdksek`i mxpcäaeti, pirqum k ipeheái p÷bceak, smdprm prihtk k cmvkhtkr hivis tkbus, keh`k hái mstë akpkz `m klrihtkr mstm. I msaâh`kci ajmfkrë kpmhks `ies khis dkes tkr`m aid Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt.
^ktmrhe`k`m
Hi mhtkhti, k ve`k `m Fe`m lie pmrturbk`k pir ud iutri kaihtmaedmhti7 i hksaedmhti `m Aktjmrehm Fe`m (kbrec `m ;521) lkz `mcm ud pke, aid k audpceae`k`m `m Mceskbmtj vkh Ryssmcbmrfjm, lecjk `m Dkrek, k qumd tehjk msareti7 "Hái dm rmsefhi k vmr-tm smd lecjis m k hái tmr, mu dmsdi, ud". Aktjmrehm kpmhks smrë rmaihjmae`k ileaekcdmhtm pmci smu pke pke `mpies `k dirtm `m Dk`mcmehm, `m qumd mstm hksaedmhti jkvek se`i aue`k`iskdmhtm a ue`k`iskdmhtm msaih`e`i. Fe`m iaupk-sm efukcdmhtm `k ehstkckæái `m Dkra Kccåfrmt, arekh`i kssed udk lkdäcek kckrfk`k, î dkrfmd `is aistudms m hirdks, qum rmse`m aid mcm hk rum \khmku, kpñs k vmh`k `k vecck Dihtdirmhay, md ;52:. Hk hivk rmse`çhaek, ud qukrti å `m`eak`i k Dk`mcmehm m î suk kusçhaek prmsmhtm, qum dueti cjm pmsk. Cms Lkux-Dihhkymurs, pubceak`i md ;52=, å i predmeri cevri qum hái sm amhtrk md Dk`mcmehm. ^msm mdbirk k di`mrhe`k`m `k ÷heak ibrk i brk qum mcm prñprei acksseleaiu `m ridkham, Fe`m tmdm qum mstk smgk khtequk`k m silrm `m kpktek, `m qum rmaupmrk kpmhks hk suk vekfmd ki Aihfi aid Dkra Kccåfrmt.
K qumstái aicihekc
@urkhtm mssm pårepci `m ihzm dmsms, Fe`m rmmhaihtrk i prkzmr `i mxitesdi m `i fisti pmck jestñrek hkturkc. Dks i qum `mvmrek aihstetuer kpmhks udk vekfmd `m mstmtk, fkhjk f khjk iutri pmh`ir lkam î rmkce`k`m `i aicihekcesdi. Fe`m rmvictk-sm aihtrk k prëteak `i e`mkc aicihekc, `mhuhaekh`i mrris k`dehestrktevis m ehmxpmreçhaek. K suk aureise`k`m a ureise`k`m cmvk-i k aidprmmh`mr k pmrvmrse`k`m `m ti`i i sestmdk aicihekc, ehacueh`i i rmaui vicuhtërei `k k`dehestrkæái p÷bceak pkrk kbrer akdehji ki cevrm krbätrei `ks aidpkhjeks aicihekes. Kpmrambm-sm efukcdmhtm qum is `erefmhtms pkresemhsms hái sñ hái `msaihjmamd mssks prëteaks, dks qum ks ajmfkd k akuaeihkr. Fe`m mhvek i smu tmstmduhji k Bcud, qum i pubceak hi Cm ^ipuckerm (\iykfm ku Aihfi smrë pubceak`i pmck HRL md ;526). K `ermetk m ks aidpkhjeks kausk`ks rmkfmd kauskh`i i msaretir `m hái tmr aidpmtçhaek pkrk gucfkr i aicihekcesdi, i qum å airribirk`i pir kcfuhs ehquåretis k`dehestrktevis `m kvmrefukæái. ]d `mbktm hk Kssmdbcmek Hkaeihkc tmrdehk aid `evmrsks pridmssks `i Fivmrhi. Fe`m tmdm qum k ipeheái p÷bceak msqumæk rkpe`kdmhtm i kssuhti, dks rmausk-sm k tidkr udk piseæái `m prehaäpei sibrm k qumstái aicihekc7 i tmdpi `i aidbktm picäteai keh`k hái jkvek ajmfk`i.
Aidbktm m `msecusái
Ks aihvmrsýms ki akticeaesdi ductepceakd-sm ductepceakd -sm md rm`ir `m Fe`m (Gkaqums Aipmku, Ajkrcms @u Bis). Duetis mspmrkd aid edpkaeçhaek k suk akpetuckæái. I `msmgi `m vmr tidbkr k ae`k`mck ehmxpufhëvmc å rmliræk`i pir Fe`m tmr ehmfëvmes rkäzms arestás m pir sm divedmhtkr his dmsdis tmrrmhis qum mcms7 is tmrrmhis `k dirkce`k`m m `k msperetukce`k`m. Akhsk`i `mstms ktkqums m tmhtktevks `m sm`uæái, Fe`m rmpceak pubceakh`i Hiuvmccms Hiurreturms tmrrmstrms (;51=).
5 ^msm mdbirk k aidpiseæái `mstm mvkhfmcji î kcmfrek, Fe`m silrm, hk `åak`k `m ;51>, ud amrti suliai qum klmatk k suk msaretk, is smus kdirms m ks suks vekfmhs, qum mcm smhtm kfirk dkes aidi aureise`k`m `i qum aidi pkexái. I aihtkati aid ^emrrm Jmrbkrt ‑ luturi fmhmrkc Cm \efkh, qum `mspisk Åceskbmtj vkh Ryssmcbmrfjm md ;51; - ‑ m Bmrhkr` Frimtjuysmh, `mspmrtkcjm i ehtmrmssm pmci aiduhesdi, mhtuseksdkh`i-i pmck mxpmreçhaek russk hk qukc vç udk mspmrkhæk, ud ckbirktñrei pkrk i jidmd hivi, his pckhis dirkc, pseaicñfeai m msperetukc. Ki aidpridmtmr-sm aid mstk sicuæái, Fe`m am`m tkdbåd î tmhtkæái `m `mexkr i puresdi mståteai m `m utecezkr k ehlcuçhaek qum fkhjiu. K suk tidk`k `m piseæái hái å aidprmmh`e`k pmcis qum cjm mstái prñxedis. Rifmr Dkrteh `u Fkr` kametk dkc qum udk ve`k iaupk`k hi aidbktm kis `ifdks `msmdbiqum hud "kati `m lå". Mdbirk Fe`m aiciqum md resai k lkdk kcakhæk`k, hái trkz î akusk hk`k dkes qum i smu hidm, udk vmz qum huhak sm smhterë aihlirtëvmc md rmuheýms picäteaks. Dks tkdbåd å sñ i smu hidm qum Fe`m - dueti aihsaemhtm `m smr ehstrudmhtkcezk`i - aidpridmtm, rmauskh`i-sm k aidpridmtmr k suk kutihidek hi akdpi cetmrërei, aidi pir mxmdpci, qukh`i hái kametk k`mrer î Kssiaekæái `is Msaretirms m Krtestks Rmvicuaeihëreis. Duetis `is smus hivis aidpkhjmeris mhakrkd aid `ms`åd mssm frkh`m burfuçs qum sm guhtk î suk cutk, aihse`mrkh`i, ai hse`mrkh`i, k mxmdpci `m Gmkh Fuåjmhhi, qum "i pmhskdmhti `i Qr. Fe`m pkrmam lrmqumhtmdmhtm hái tmr pkrk mcm hmhjud austi kssiaek`i. I Qr. Fe`m hái silrmu i suleaemhtm". Rkpe`kdmhtm, mdbirk kametm prmse`er k tu`i i qum sm cjm pm`m pkrk prmse`er, i smu mspäreti `mbktm-sm aihtrk k irti`ixek aiduhestk. Fe`m kakbk pir `msmhvicvmr k suk prñprek vesái `m ud aiduhesdi qum aihaecek mqukcetkresdi aid eh`eve`ukcesdi, mviakh`i his smus `eëreis "udk rmcefeái aiduhestk" qum i ehtede`k. Fe`m pkrteaepk katevkdmhtm md `evmrsks kaæýms `m cutk khtelksaestk. Md ;51<, ks kutire`k`ms siveåteaks aihve`kd-hi k vesetkr k ]heái Qiveåteak. Kaidpkhjk`i `m kcfuhs kdefis prñxedis (Gml Ckst, ^emrrm Jmrbkrt, Ciues Fuecciux, Mufêhm @kbet), kametk i aihvetm. Ks suks ecusýms `mslkzmd-sm7 md vmz `i jidmd hivi, Fe`m mhaihtrk kpmhks udk iutrk lirdk `m titkcetkresdi. Kametk prifrmssevkdmhtm k kdkrfk `mampæái qum pkrtecjk aid k `is smus aidpkhjmeris, m `mae`m pubceakr i smu tmstmduhji, Rmtiur `m c―]RQQ.
I ^krte`i Aiduhestk Lrkhaçs, aid Ciues Krkfih î akbmæk, m ks kutire`k`ms siveåteaks tmhtkd edpm`er k pubceakæái m kslexekr k qumstái md secçhaei. Fe`m rmkfm aid Rmtiuajms î dih rmtiur `―]RQQ, ih`m hái sm cedetk k rmcktkr ks suks ibsmrvkæýms dks msarmvm msarmvm ud `esaursi ehlckdktñrei aihtrk i mstkcehesdi. "[um i pivi `is trkbkcjk`irms aidprmmh`k qum sm `mexiu mhfkhkr pmcis aiduhestks, aidi is qum pmcis `eks `m jigm mstái md Disaivi". Fmrk-sm mhtái hivk ih`k i h`k `m ktkqums aihtrk se7 kpmce`kd-hi `m lksaestk, mdpurrkd-hi pkrk k `ermetk. K jirk `i kbkh`ihi siiu7 i jidmd hivi hái hksamu hk ]RQQ, k picäteak hái cjm triuxm i qum kdbeaeihkvk. Dkhtmh`i i smu kpiei î akusk `is rmpubceakhis mspkhjñes (`mlmh`m, md pkrteauckr, is decetkhtms akcuhek`is `i ^krte`i Ipmrërei `m ]heleakæái Dkrxestk), `mprmssk sm aihaecek aid k suk `msecusái (smd aker hi khteaiduhesdi i`eisi iu hudk aihsaeçhaek pmsk`k) m tmhtk victkr k dmrfucjkr hk cetmrkturk. Klerdk K lerdk mstkr krrmpmh`e`i `m tmr "`mskprmh`e`i k vevmr", mcm qum i "skbek tái bmd" lkzmr. K mssm cuti picäteai suam`m ud iutri dkes pmssikc, aid k dirtm `m Dk`mcmehm, md ;6 `m kbrec `m ;51:. @mpies `m jkvmr kdkc`eæik`i i smu mspisi, tehjk kakbk`i pir kametkr i pkpmc `estkhtm, dks mssmhaekc qum tehjk pkrk mcm, bmd aidi i kdir tái mspmaekc qum Fe`m cjm `m`eakvk. Kdir `m qum mcm aihlmssk ai hlmssk k mstrkhjmzk m ks `eleauc`k`ms md Mt huha dkhmt eh tm, pubceak`i eheaekcdmhtm md terkfmd rmsmrvk`k kis dkes ähtedis. ä htedis. Fe`m pkrtm î `msaibmrtk `k smrmhe`k`m pmr`e`k. I aihtmxti jestñreai å, hi mhtkhti, piuai lkvirëvmc. I led `k Fumrrk `m Mspkhjk - "jmriäsdi re`eauckrezk`i, lå trkä`k m vecmzk treuhlkhtm"
;> - mhajmd i smu "airkæái `m `msfisti, `m eh`efhkæái, `m rkhair m `m `msmspmri". K vmcjeam rmterk-cjm efukcdmhtm kcfuhs prkzmrms7 i pekhi qum ks suks dáis gë hái aihsmfumd pmrairrmr sukvmdmhtm? ks vekfmhs pmcks qukes pmr`m i mhtuseksdi qum mcm skbek tái bmd pkrtecjkr? i `msmgi qum sm mxtehfum.
K Qmfuh`k Fumrrk Duh`ekc
Bkstkd kcfuhs `eks pkrk qum Fe`m pkssm `i kpiei î aih`mhkæái `i Dkrmajkc ^åtkeh. Rkpe`kdmhtm å kausk`i pmcis girhkes aickbirkaeihestks `m jkvmr aihtrebuä`i pkrk k `mrritk `mve`i î suk dë ehlcuçhaek sibrm k guvmhtu`m. Is kcmdáms rmtidkd k HRL, kfirk `erefe`k pir @remu ck Riajmccm. Fe`m rmausk-sm k smr kssiaek`i ki aidetå `m `ermæái. Msarmvm ud tmxti pkrk i predmeri h÷dmri, dks, kpmrambmh`i-sm `k iremhtkæái tidk`k pmck rmvestk, kbståd-sm `m qukcqumr iutrk aickbirkæái, tkc aidi Lrkhæies Dkureka. Eh`mpmh`mhtmdmhtm `ks prmssýms, kdefëvmes iu hái, khuhaek hi Cm Lefkri k suk vihtk`m `m kbkh`ihkr k HR L m rmausk tkdbåd ud cufkr aidi kak`ådeai.
Ki kdbemhtm `m ^kres, prmlmrm ud mxäcei `iurk`i m smrmhi hk Aðtm `―Kzur, pubceakh`i kpmhks
iakseihkcdmhtm kcfuhs krtefis `m aräteak cetmrërek hi Cm Lefkri. K pkrter `m ;502, is ktkqums qum cjm sái `erefe`is (m tkdbåd k iutris) ehtmhseleakd-sm, smd qum mcm sm pissk `mlmh`mr, `mve`i î amhsurk. Qñ, mdbkrak pkrk Puhes. @urkhtm k iaupkæái kcmdá `k ae`k`m, aihstktk aid priluh`i `msfisti is mlmetis `i khtesmdetesdi. Dkes qum iutrks prevkæýms, silrm aid i esickdmhti md qum sm mhaihtrk. Kakbk pir triakr k Puhes cebmrtk`k pir Krfmc, ih`m sm mhaihtrk aid i Fmhmrkc `m Fkuccm. Kametk k `ermaæái (jihirërek) `i c'Krajm, udk rmvestk cetmrërek arek`k pkrk lkzmr lrmhtm î HRL. Kpñs i led `k Qmfuh`k Fumrrk Duh`ekc, `mae`m hái rmfrmsskr `ermatkdmhtm k ^kres. Pmdm k "åpurkteih" (k `mpurkæái `is aickbirkaeihestks `i rmfedm `mpisti), hái tkhti pir se prñprei iu pmcis smus kdefis prñxedis, qum hái sm smhtekd aidpridmte`is, dks pmck pmrefisk uhkhede`k`m arek`k hmssk kcturk, m qum mcm aihse`mrk titkcetërek. Ks suks `elmrmhæks `m ktetu`m m ks suks `÷ve`ks, vkcmd-cjm hivis ktkqums `m Ciues Krkfih. Fe`m pmrdetm qum Gmkh ^kucjkh, Dkureka m ^emrrm Jmrbkrt i `mlmh`kd pubceakdmhtm. [ukh`i lehkcdmhtm `mae`m rmfrmsskr, md dkei `m ;50<, tmd `eleauc`k`m md mhaihtrkr i smu cufkr hud duh`i cetmrërei supmr-picetezk`i, mcm qum smdprm `msmgiu udk cetmrkturk kutñhidk. Mhqukhti Qkrtrm utecezk `m bid frk`i k suk hitirem`k`m pkrk supirtkr is smus `msäfheis picäteais, pic äteais, Fe`m rmausk kssuder k suk, priaurkh`i msakpkr îs siceaetkæýms. ^krk sm mxpreder, prmlmrm k pubceakæái `m Pjåsåm îs trebuhks. I led
K pkrter `m ;506, ; 506, amssk quksm aidpcmtkdmhtm `m msarmvmr. Aihtehukh`i k klerdkr kcti m lirtm qum hái rmhmfk hk`k `i smu pkssk`i - ehacueh`i 'Airy`ih, i smu cevri dkes mhfkgk`i m dmhis aihsmfue`i - i msaretir khtmreirdmhtm msakh`kcisi, kametk kfirk ks jidmhkfmhs `m ehstetueæýms aihsmrvk`irks (]hevmrse`k`m `m Ixlir`, Hibmc `m Cetmrkturk `m ;506). ^rivks, smfuh`i mcm, qum tehjk rkzái qukh`i karm`etkvk hk "vertu`m `k dehirek" qum kakbk dkes am`i iu dkes tkr`m pir vmhamr. Rmklerdk efukcdmhtm i pkpmc `i ehtmcmatukc `estkhtm `k ktukce`k`m. Lie ktrkvås `k cetmrkturk qum sm ipðs kis prmaihametis `k suk åpiak, m k suk ehlcuçhaek `mvm dmhis îs suks ipæýms picäteaks qum î suk krtm. Qkrtrm `mae`m smfuer iutrk vek7 smd `mexkr `m smr cetmrërei, hái `mexk `m aiciakr k cetmrkturk hi amhtri `k suk kteve`k`m picäteak.
;; K suk prehaepkc prmiaupkæái å k pubceakæái `ks `uks ÷ctedks ibrks, md mspmaekc i smu Giurhkc ("@eërei"), qum hái prmtmh`m `mexkr ki aue`k`i `k suk `msamh`çhaek lkdecekr iu i u msperetukc. Md gucji `m ;5=>, eheaek ud ÷ctedi ak`mrhi, Kehse siet-ec iu Cms gmux gmux siht lkets ("Kssed smgk iu Is `k`is mstái ckhæk`is"), hi qukc sm msliræk pir `mexkr airrmr k pmhk. "Armei dmsdi qum, hi didmhti `k dirtm, `erek k ded d ed dmsdi7 ke mstë! Dirrmu". @imhtm `åspitk ri`mk`i `is smus leåes k`derk`irms, mhakdehjk-sm pkrk udk dirtm akcdk, `msprive`k `m khf÷stek m smd is sibrmsskctis rmcefeisis qum klmtkvkd keh`k kcfuhs. Dirrm hi `ek ;5 `m lmvmrmeri `m ;5=;, m å mhtmrrk`i kcfuhs `eks dkes tkr`m md Auvmrveccm, ki ck`i `m Dk`mcmehm. K suk ibrk lie ehacuä`k hi Eh`mx `m cevris priebe`is pmci \kteakhi md ;5=2.
Ibrks
Cms Akjemrs `'Kh`rå Vkctmr , C'Krt eh`åpmh`k e h`åpmh`kht, ht, ;:5;. Cm Prketå `u Hkraessm, Hkraessm, C'Krt eh`åpmh`kht, ;:5;. Cms ^iåsems `'Kh`rå Vkctmr , C'Krt eh`åpmh`kht, ;:52. Cm \iykfm `']remh, `']remh, C'Krt eh`åpmh`k e h`åpmh`kht, ht, ;:51. Ck Pmhtktevm kdiurmusm, kdiurmusm, C'Krt eh`åpmh`kht, eh`åpmh`kht, ;:51. ^kcu`ms, ^kcu`ms, C'Krt eh`åpmh`kht, ;:5=. Rålcmxeihs sur qumcqums piehts `m cettårkturm mt `m dirkcm, dirkcm, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;:56. Cms Hiurreturms tmrrmstrms, tmrrmstrms, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;:56. Lmueccms `m riutm ;:5=-;:5< , QCH@ _Bruxmccms, ;:56T. Cm ^ridåtjåm dkc mhajkèhå, mhajkèhå, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;:55. ^jeciatêtm. Mc Jk`g, Jk`g, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;:55. Cmttrms î Khfêcm, Khfêcm, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5>>. @m c'Ehlcumham mh Cettårkturm, Cettårkturm, C'Mrdetkfm, ;5>>. Cm Rie Akh`kucm, Akh`kucm, Ck Rmvum Bckhajm, Bckhajm , ;5>;. Cms Cedetms `m c'Krt , C'Mrdetkfm, ;5>;. C'Eddirkcestm,, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5>2. C'Eddirkcestm Qkóc , Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5>1. @m c'Edpirtkham `u ^ubcea, ^ubcea, C'Mrdetkfm, ;5>1. ^råtmxtms, ^råtmxtms, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5>1. Kdyhtks, Kdyhtks, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5><. Cm Rmtiur `m c'Mhlkht pri`efum pri`efum, \mrs mt ^rism, ;5>6. @istiémvsoy `'kprês sk airrmspih`kham, airrmspih`kham, Gmkh mt Bmrfmr, ;5>:. Ck ^irtm åtrietm, åtrietm, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5>5. Isakr Vec`m, Vec`m, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5;>. Hiuvmkux ^råtmxtms, ^råtmxtms, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;5;;. Ajkrcms-Ciues ^jeceppm, ^jeceppm, Lefueêrm, ;5;;.
[email protected].,
[email protected]., ;5;; (terkfmd prevk`k `m ;2 mxmdpckrms). Eskbmccm, Eskbmccm, HRL , ;5;;. Bmtjskbå, Bmtjskbå, C'Iaae`mht, ;5;2. Qiuvmhers `m ck Aiur `'Kssesms, `'Kssesms , Ck Hiuvmccm Rmvum lrkhækesm (HRL), (HRL), ;5;0. Cms Akvms `u \kteakh, \kteakh, HRL , ;5;0. Ck Qydpjihem pkstirkcm, pkstirkcm, HRL , ;5;5. Airy`ih,, ;52> (terkfmd prevk`k `m 2; mxmdpckrms). Airy`ih Diramkux ajieses, ajieses, HRL , ;52;. ^kfms ajiesems, ajiesems, Arês, ;52;. Hudque` mt tu… 9, 9, QCH@ _Brufms, ;522T.
;2
@istiémvsoy, @istiémvsoy, ^cih, ;521. Ehae`mhams, Ehae`mhams, HRL , ;520. Airy`ih, Airy`ih, HRL , ;520. Akrkatêrms, Akrkatêrms, Ck ^irtm åtrietm, ;52=. Cms Lkux-dihhkymurs, Lkux-dihhkymurs, HRL , ;52=. Qe cm frkeh hm dmurt , HRL , ;52<. Cm Giurhkc `ms Lkux-Dihhkymurs, Lkux-Dihhkymurs, Åis, ;52<. @eh`eoe, @eh`eoe, ;526. \iykfm ku Aihfi, Aihfi , HRL , ;526. Cm Rmtiur `u Pajk` , HRL , ;52:. C'Åaicm `ms lmddms, lmddms, HRL , ;525. Msske sur Dihtkefhm, Dihtkefhm, Qajellreh Qajellreh,, ;525. ]h Mspret hih pråvmhu, pråvmhu , Ork, ;525. Ribmrt , HRL , ;51>. Ck Qåqumstråm `m ^ietemrs, ^ietemrs, Fkccedkr`, ;51>. C'Kllkerm Rm`urmku, Rm`urmku, Fkccedkr`, ;51>. Œ`epm, Qajellreh, Å`eteihs `m ck ^cåek`m, ;51;. @evmrs, @evmrs, Fkccedkr`, ;51;. ^mrsåpjihm, ^mrsåpjihm, Fkccedkr`, ;510. ^kfms `m Giurhkc ;525-;512 ;525-;512,, Fkccedkr`, ;510. Cms Hiuvmccms Hiurreturms, Hiurreturms, Fkccedkr`, ;51=. Hiuvmccms ^kfms `m Giurhkc ;512-;51= ;512-;51=,, Fkccedkr`, ;51<. Fmhmveêvm, Fmhmveêvm, Fkccedkr`, ;51<. Rmtiur `m c'].R.Q.Q., c'].R.Q.Q., Fkccedkr`, ;51<. Rmtiuajms î dih Rmtiur `m c'].R.Q.Q. c'].R.Q.Q.,, Fkccedkr`, ;516. Hitms sur Ajipeh, Ajipeh, Rmvum Ehtmrhkteihkcm `m Dusequm, ;51:. Giurhkc ;::5-;515, ;::5-;515, HRL , ;515. @åaiuvrihs Jmhre Deajkux, Deajkux, Fkccedkr`, ;50;. Pjåâtrm 7 Qkóc, Cm Rie Akh`kucm, Œ`epm, ^mrsåpjihm, Cm Prmezeêdm Krbrm , Fkccedkr`, ;502. Ehtmrvemws edkfehkerms, edkfehkerms, Å`. `u Jkut-^kys, ;501. ^kfms `m Giurhkc ;515-;502 ;515-;502,, Qajellreh, ;500. Pjåsåm, Pjåsåm, Hmw Uiro 7 ^khtjmih Biios, G. Qajellreh, ;50<. Qiuvmhers cettårkerms mt pribcêdms katumcs, katumcs, Cms Cmttrms Lrkhækesms, ;50<. Cm Rmtiur , E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;50<. ^kuc \kcåry, \kcåry, @idkt, ;506. ^iåtequm, ^iåtequm, E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;506. Cm ^riaês, ^riaês, Fkccedkr`, ;506. C'Krbetrkerm, C'Krbetrkerm, Cm ^kcedufrm, ;506. ^rålkams, ^rålkams, E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;50:. Rmhaihtrms, Rmhaihtrms, E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;50:. Cms Akvms `u \kteakh (lkram), (lkram), E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;50:. Åcifms, Åcifms, E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;50:. Ribmrt iu c'Ehtårçt fåhårkc , E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;505. Lmueccmts `'kutidhm, `'kutidhm, Dmraurm `m Lrkham, ;505. Khtjicifem `m ck piåsem lrkhækesm, lrkhækesm, HRL , ;505. Giurhkc ;502-;505, ;502-;505, Fkccedkr`, ;5=>. Cettårkturm mhfkfåm, mhfkfåm, Fkccedkr`, ;5=>. Åfyptm ;515, ;515, QCH@ _^kres, ;5=;T. Mt huha dkhmt eh tm, tm, E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;5=;
;1
Kehse siet-ec iu Cms Gmux siht lkets Fkccedkr`, lkets Fkccedkr`, ;5=2. Cm Råaet `m Deajmc , E`ms mt Akcmh`ms, ;562. Î Hkpcms, Hkpcms, Lktk Dirfkhk, ;551. Cm Frehajmux, Frehajmux, Lktk Dirfkhk, ;551. C'Irisaipm iu Huc h'åvetm sk `mstehåm (saåhkrei), `mstehåm (saåhkrei), Gmkh-Deajmc ^ckam, ;55=. Eskbmccm (saåhkrei Eskbmccm (saåhkrei aid ^emrrm Jmrbkrt), Cmttrms Di`mrhms, ;55<. Cm Rkdemr , Fkccedkr`, 2>>2. Dkuream @mhes mt Kh`rå Fe`m, Airrmspih`kham (;:52-;50=), (;:52-;50=), å`. ^. Dkssih mt A. Qajàllmr, Fkccedkr`, 2>><.
