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A PROJECT REPORT
ON
Diversion of Land and Its Procedure SUBMITTED TO: Dr !iran !ori "#acu$t% Land La&s' SUBMITTED B(: Anant E))a Sec * A+ Ro$$ No * ,SEMESTER*.III "BALLB /ons'
DATE O# SUBMISSION: 01t2 #e3ruar%+ ,405 /IDA(A /IDA(ATULLA/ ULL A/ NATIONA NATIONAL L LA6 UNI.ERS UNI. ERSIT( IT(
Acknowledgements
#irst and fore7ost I &ou$d $i)e to t2an) Dr !iran !ori+ facu$t% Land La&s+ /ida%atu$$a2 Nationa$ La& Universit%+ for creatin8 o99ortunities to underta)e suc2 a va$ua3$e 9roect S2e 2e$9ed 7e in 9re9arin8 t2e 9roect t2rou82 2er aura and 8rantin8 2er 9recious ti7e for t2e consu$tation+ discussion and 8ivin8 su88estion over t2is 9roect S2e a$so 2e$9ed 7e in i79rovin8 t2e 9erce9tion re8ardin8 to t2e stud% of t2e to9ic in its vast resources and in a 3roader &a%+ c$earin8 a$$ t2e dou3ts a3out t2is 9roect T2erefore+ I &ou$d $i)e to t2an) 2er for a$$ 2er efforts and coo9eration &2ic2 s2e conferred 7e I a$so o&e 7% 8ratitude to&ards Universit% Ad7inistration for 9rovidin8 7e a$$ )inds of re;uired faci$ities &it2 8ood Li3rar% and IT $a3+ &2ic2 2e$9ed 7e in 7a)in8 t2e 9roect and co79$etin8 it M% s9ecia$ t2an)s to Li3rar% Staff and IT staff for e;ui99in8 7e &it2 t2e necessar% data and &e3sites fro7 t2e internet I &ou$d a$so $i)e to t2an) 7% dear co$$ea8ues &2o 2ad 2e$9ed 7e a $ot creatin8 t2is 9roect &it2 t2eir ideas and t2ou82ts over t2e to9ic T2e% act as a 7otivatin8 and 8uidin8 force to 7e durin8 t2e 7a)in8 of t2is 9roect
Anant Ekka Roll No. – 26 Semester- VIII (B.A.L.L.B. Hons.
!a"le o# $ontents 2
• • • • • •
Ac)no&$ed8e7ents<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< , Introduction<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< = Researc2 Met2odo$o8% and O3ectives<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1 Diversion of $and<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Procedure of $and diversion<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< > Conc$usion<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 04 Bi3$io8ra92% and 6e3$io8ra92%<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 00
Introduction
3
One of t2e i79ortant and %et $ess attended do&nsides of India?s 7aor stride to&ards econo7ic deve$o97ent 2as 3een diversion of $and and dis9$ace7ent of a $ar8e nu73er of 9eo9$e fro7 t2e sociocu$tura$ 7i$ieu as &e$$ as t2e natura $ resources critica$ for t2eir surviva$ T2ere is no s%ste7atic assess7ent of t2e 7a8nitude and t2e co79$e@ities of dis9$ace7ent faced 3% 9eo9$e in different situations+ 3ut a rou82 esti7ate su88ests t2at near$% ,4 7i$$ion 9ersons 7a% 2ave 3een dis9$aced o&in8 to various 9$anned deve$o97ent 9roects since t2e 0>14s "#ernandes+ 0>>=' A9art fro7 t2is s2eer 7a8nitude+ t2e 92eno7enon 2as 2i82$i82ted 8$arin8 discre9ancies in t2e &a% deve$o97ent 2as 3een 9erceived and rescue "co79ensator%' 7ec2anis7s 2ave actua$$% &or)ed As a resu$t+ t2ere 2as 3een a s2ift of resources fro7 9oorer to ric2er sections of societ% It is t2erefore i79erative to evo$ve a fra7e&or)+ &2ic2 not on$% see)s to reco8nise t2e sta)es of t2e dis9$aced 3ut a$so 9rovides a 7ec2anis7 t2at ena3$es t2e7 to 3enefit fair$% fro7 t2e 9rocesses of deve$o97ent T2e $e8a$ structure t2at 8overns $and a$ienation and co79ensation in India is co79$e@ 62i$e 9o$icies 9ertainin8 to diversion of $and fro7 forest and a8ricu$ture to ot2er uses see7ed conservative "and a$so conservationist'+ in 9ractice t2e% re7ained $i3era$ and $ac)ed trans9arenc% T2ere is a $ac) of infor7ation s2arin8 on t2e rationa$e for t2e diversion of $and and t2e 3asis and e@tent of co79ensation T2e 9rocess of diversion of $and fro7 t2e forest or a8ricu$ture sector is t2e outco7e of a con8ruence of various vested interests t2ose of t2e state+ t2e 9rivate sector "often 7u$tinationa$ cor9orations' and t2e $oca$ e$ites $o3a$isation 2as fostered t2ese 9rocesses furt2er t2rou82 $i3era$isation of t2e $and use 9o$icies
Researc% &et%odolog'
4
T2is researc2 9roect is descri9tive in nature 3ecause it uses descri9tive $an8ua8e for t2e e@9$anation of various conce9ts e@9$ained in t2is to9ic
")ect*+es 0 To stud% a3out diversion of $and , To stud% a3out t2e 9rocedure of $and diversion
Diversion of $and 5
Land Diversion 2a99ens &2en a $and once set aside for a 9articu$ar 9ur9ose is 3ein8 used in a different &a% "ie industria$ $and to residentia$' One of t2e i79ortant and %et $ess attended do&nsides of India?s 7aor stride to&ards econo7ic deve$o97ent 2as 3een diversion of $and and dis9$ace7ent of a $ar8e nu73er of 9eo9$e fro7 t2e sociocu$tura$ 7i$ieu as &e$$ as t2e natura$ resources critica$ for t2eir surviva$
Land is in $i7ited su99$% and is t2e critica$ factor of 9roduction for a$7ost a$$ )inds of econo7ic activities as &e$$ as for 2u7an sett$e7ent "S2a2 et a$+ ,441' It is t2erefore essentia$ t2at its a$$ocation across different econo7ic activities and uses is 3ased on sound t2eoretica$ 9re7ises+ co73ined &it2 t2e 8round rea$ities of 7u$ti9$e o3ectives so7e of &2ic2 often 8o 3e%ond t2e narro&$% defined 8oa$s of econo7ic 8ro&t2 9er se In a 9redo7inant$% a8rarian econo7% suc2 as India+ t2e entit$e7ent to $ive$i2ood and access to factors of 9roduction+ es9ecia$$% $and+ are i79ortant o3ectives t2at need to deter7ine a$$ocation of $and across different uses and users T2e a$$ocation 7ec2anis7 7ust not on$% address t2e needs of econo7ic activities or sectors "inc$udin8 2ousin8' 3ut a$so $oo) into t2e s9ecific needs of various ecos%ste7s+ re8ions and co77unities
One of t2e 7ost i79ortant 9ro3$e7s facin8 $and use 9o$ic% in India is t2e as%77etr% 3et&een t2e sectora$ co79osition of ross Do7estic Product "DP' and 9eo9$e?s de9endence on $and* 3ased activities to derive a 3asic $ive$i2ood 62ereas t2e 9ri7ar% sector accounts for a3out ,= 9ercent of DP+ it 9rovides e79$o%7ent "t2ou82 9artia$' to near$% -4 9ercent of t2e 9eo9$e and uti$ises near$% -= 9ercent of t2e tota$ 8eo8ra92ica$ area "inc$udin8 forest' On t2e ot2er 2and+ t2e secondar% and tertiar% sectors account for 5- 9ercent of DP and use on$% 9ercent of t2e 8eo8ra92ica$ area of t2e countr%
iven t2e 2eav% de9endence on t2e 9ri7ar% sector for e79$o%7ent and $ive$i2oods+ 9o$icies &ere+ unti$ recent$%+ fair$% conservative &it2 res9ect to diversion of $and fro7 a8ricu$ture or forests to ot2er uses+ suc2 as deve$o97ent of infrastructure "inc$udin8 irri8ation'+ industr% and 7inin8 and ur3anisation 62i$e t2is is va$id+ 8iven t2e a8rarian nature of t2e Indian econo7%+ t2is a99roac2 is facin8 severe 9ressure+ o&in8 to increasin8 de7and fro7 t2e ra9id$% 8ro&in8 sectors "suc2 as industr%+ 7inin8 and infrastructure' Additiona$$%+ t2e su3stantia$$% $ar8e increase in 9o9u$ation 2as $ed to increased ur3anisation
6
T2e conservationist+ 2ence conservative+ 9o$icies 9ursued so far are 9ro2i3itive rat2er t2an 9roactive in ter7s of evo$vin8 a rationa$e for a$$ocatin8 $and for t2e ra9id$% 8ro&in8 sectors ot2er t2an t2e 9ri7ar% sector+ &2ic2 contri3ute 7ore t2an t2ree*fourt2s of India?s DP But t2is does not 7ean a3sence of diversion to ot2er uses In fact+ t2ese 9o$icies 2ave 8iven rise to 9rocesses and 7ec2anis7s t2at 2ave 9roved counter9roductive to t2e ver% cause of conservation
Land use and diversion in India: Esti7ates and issues Increasin8 de7and fro7 so7e of t2e ra9id$% 8ro&in8 sectors "$i)e industr%+ services and infrastructure'+ a$on8 &it2 7ountin8 de7o8ra92ic 9ressure in t2e countr%+ 2as $ed to 7
conversion of $and fro7 t2e 9ri7ar% sector "ie a8ricu$ture+ 9astures+ forest' to a$ternate uses T2e 9ro9ortion of area under non*a8ricu$tura$ uses 7ore t2an dou3$ed 3et&een 0>14 and ,440+ fro7 ,> to 5- 9ercent "see Ta3$e 0' Besides t2is+ 7ore t2an - 9ercent of t2e area is sti$$ in t2e cate8or% of 3arren and uncu$tiva3$e $and Over ti7e+ t2e area under t2e t&o cate8ories of $and use 2as dec$ined fro7 0-5 9ercent to 0=0 9ercent 0
Ta3$e 0: C2an8es in $and use 9atterns in India "'
An i79ortant feature of t2e c2an8in8 $and use 9attern in India is t2at on$% a 9art of t2e increase in $and under non*a8ricu$tura$ uses see7s to 2ave co7e fro7 t2e cate8or% of 3arren and uncu$tiva3$e $and T2e evidence su88ests t2at a $ar8e 9art of t2e $and diverted for irri8ation+ 7inin8+ infrastructure and ur3an industria$ use in 9eri*ur3an areas 2as co7e fro7 forests+ 9astures and cu$tiva3$e $and Initia$$%+ diversion fro7 9ri7ar% sector uses &as co79ensated for 3% a net increase in $and under cu$tivation+ a $ar8e 9art of &2ic2 7a% 2ave co7e fro7 cu$tiva3$e &aste$and+ 3esides sett$e7ent of forest $and for a8ricu$ture Unfortunate$%+ t2is )ind of e@9ansion does not see7 to 3e 9ossi3$e an% 7ore T2e resu$t t2erefore is a net dec$ine in cu$tivated $and+ as o3served recent$% Unfortunate$%+ t2ere is no s%ste7atic esti7ate of t2e e@tent of $and diversion for different uses T2e $and use data a$so fai$ to ca9ture t2e rea$ 9icture o&in8 to $i7itations in t2e s%ste7 of $and records and i$$e8a$ "3ena7i' transactions+ es9ecia$$% in 9eri*ur3an areas It is not 7ere$% a3out t2e 7a8nitude of $and 3ein8 divertedF t2e issue is &2ic2 $and+ at &2at cost and 1 Note: Figures as percentage share of total reported area. Source: Directorate of Econoics ! Statistics" #inistr$ of %griculture. &
&it2 &2at )ind of co79ensation 9ac)a8eG In t2e case of 9eri*ur3an areas+ t2e $and is 7ost $i)e$% to 3e under cu$tivation at t2e ti7e of diversion
Procedure of $and diversion 0 #i$$ u9 a99$ication in #or7 HA? &it2 court fee &ort2 14 9aise , Affidavit T&o co9ies of recent record of ri82t "Record entr%' and s)etc2 7a9 of t2e su3ect $and du$% si8ned 3% t2e Te2si$dar and Pat&ari = In case 9ro9osed $and is oint$% recorded+ NOC of a$$ t2e adacent co*tenants is re;uired 1 "t2ree' co9ies of site 7a9 in t2e sca$e "0c7:,4 Mtrs' of t2e area intended to 3e diverted+ 7ar)ed on t2e entire surve% nu73er &it2 di7ension+ adoinin8 surve% nu73ers+ $and 7ar)s+ 7eans of access etc - 1 Nos P2oto8ra92 of t2e 9ro9osed site &it2 si8nature of t2e a99$icant &it2 date 5 6ritten detai$ed ustification for t2e re;uired conversion Su37it for7 to t2e Su3 Divisiona$ Officer or to t2e Te2si$dars Office in area a$on8 &it2 a$$ ot2er re;uire7ents > T2e SDO &i$$ e@a7ine %our 9ro9osa$+ and once a$$ for7a$ities are co79$eted t2e officer &i$$ issue order of diversion
'
$oncl,s*on In t2is conte@t+ t2at various econo7ies 2ave tried to evo$ve a strate8% for $and use and its a$$ocation over different sectors T2e 7ost i79ortant t2read under$%in8 t2e 9o$ic% a99roac2es across various econo7ies is reco8nition of 7ar)et fai$ure in a$$ocatin8 $and across different econo7ic activities+ es9ecia$$% t2e s2ift a&a% fro7 t2e 9ri7ar% sector+ &2ere intrinsic va$ue of $and as a natura$ resource is sti$$ retained O3vious$%+ 7ar8ina$ 9roductivit% 7easured in ter7s of 7onetar% va$ue is not t2e a99ro9riate indicator for deter7inin8 t2e diversion of $and fro7 t2e 9ri7ar% to ot2er sectors in t2e econo7%
