7.5.7 Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) 7.5.7.1 All liquid penetrant examinations shall be performed and documented in accordance with Article 6 of ASME Section V except as specied below: a) A complete set of records, as described in !6"# and !6"$ of Article 6 Section V, for each %essel or %essel part shall be retained b& the Manufacturer until the Manufacturer's (ata eport has been si*ned b& the +nspector b) he Manufacturer shall certif& that personnel performin* and e%aluatin* liquid penetrant examinations required b& this (i%ision ha%e been qualied and certied in accordance with their emplo&er's written practice S-!.!#A shall be used as a *uideline for emplo&ers to establish their written practice for qualication and certication of their personnel Alternati%el&, the AS- .entral .ertication /ro*ram 0A../) or ./!#1" ma& be used to fulll the examination and demonstration requirements of S-!.! #A and the emplo&er's written practice /ro%isions for trainin*, experience, qualication, and certication of -(E personnel2 shall be described in the Manufacturer's 3ualit& .ontrol S&stem Manual E%aluation of liquid penetrant examination shall onl& be performed b& / 4e%el ++ or +++ personnel c) 4iquid penetrant examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure, certied b& the Manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements of !#5 of Section V d) An indication of an imperfection ma& be lar*er than the imperfection that causes it2 howe%er, the si7e of the indication is the basis for acceptance e%aluation 8nl& indications with ma9or dimensions *reater than #5 mm 0##6 in) shall be considered rele%ant #) A linear indication is one ha%in* a len*th *reater than three times the width $) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a len*th equal to or less than three times its width ;) An& questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not the& are rele%ant 7.5.3 Radiographic Examination 7.5.3.2 Acceptance .riteria +ndications shown on the radio*raphs of welds and characteri7ed as defects are unacceptable under the conditions listed in this para*raph and shall be repaired as pro%ided in para*raph 6$< epaired welds shall be re!examined, either b& radio*raph& in accordance with this para*raph or, at the option of the Manufacturer, ultrasonicall& in accordance with para*raph <5= or <55 and the standards specied in this para*raph Should ultrasonic examination be performed, this examination method shall be noted under remar>s on the Manufacturer?s (ata eport @orm a) 4inear +ndications #) erminolo*& hic>ness hic>ness t the thic>ness of the weld excludin* an& allowable reinforcement @or a butt weld 9oinin* two two members members ha%in* diBerent diBerent thic>nesses thic>nesses at the the weld, t is the thinner of these two thic>nesses +f a full penetration weld includes a llet weld, the thic>ness of the llet throat shall be included in the calculation of t $) Acceptancee9ection .riteria i) An& crac> or 7one of incomplete fusion or lac> of penetration ii) An& other linear indication that has a len*th *reater than: # 6 mm 0#= in) for t less than or equal to #" mm 0;= in), $ t ; for t *reater than #" mm 0;= in) and less than or equal to 5< mm 0$ #= in), ; #" mm 0;= in) for t *reater than 5< mm 0$ #= in) iii) +nternal root weld conditions are acceptable when the densit& or ima*e bri*htness chan*e as indicated in the radio*raph is not abrupt 4inear indications on the radio*raph at either ed*e of such conditions shall be e%aluated in accordance with the other sections of this para*raph 2007 E!T"#$ %"""& '"%""#$ 2 713 b) ounded +ndications #) erminolo*& i) ounded +ndications indications with a maximum len*th of three times the width or less on the radio*raph are dened as rounded indications hese indications ma& be circular, elliptical, conical, or irre*ular in shape ii) Ali*ned +ndications a sequence of four or more rounded indications shall be considered to be ali*ned when the& touch a line parallel to the len*th of the weld drawn throu*h the center of the two outer rounded indications iii) hic>ness t the thic>ness of the weld, excludin* an& allowable reinforcement @or a butt weld 9oinin* two members ha%in* diBerent thic>nesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thic>nesses +f a full penetration weld includes a llet weld, the thic>ness of the llet throat shall be included in the calculation of t $) Acceptance .riteria i) ounded +ndication .harts rele%ant rounded indications characteri7ed as imperfections shall not exceed those shown in @i*ures <5 throu*h <#, which illustrate %arious t&pes of assorted, randoml& dispersed and clustered rounded indications for diBerent weld thic>nesses
*reater than ; mm 0#1 in) he charts for each thic>ness ran*e represent full!scale #5 mm 06 in) radio*raphs, and shall not be enlar*ed or reduced he distributions shown are not necessaril& the patterns that ma& appear on the radio*raph, but are t&pical of the concentration and si7e of indications permitted ii) ele%ant +ndications 0see able << for examples) onl& those rounded indications that exceed the followin* dimensions shall be considered rele%ant and compared to the acceptance charts for disposition # t # for t less than ; mm 0#1 in) $ = mm 0#6= in) for t *reater than or equal to ; mm 0#1 in) and less than or equal to 6 mm 0#= in) ; 1 mm 0#;$ in) for t *reater than 6 mm 0#= in) and less than or equal to 5 mm 0$ in) = #5 mm 0##6 in) for t *reater than 5 mm 0$ in) 5 Maximum Si7e of ounded +ndication the maximum permissible si7e of an& indication shall be t = or = mm 05;$ in), whiche%er is smaller2 except that an isolated indication separated from an ad9acent indication b& $5 mm 0# in) or more ma& be t ;, or 6 mm 0#= in), whiche%er is less @or t *reater than 5 mm 0$ in) the maximum permissible si7e of an isolated indication shall be increased to # mm 0;1 in) 6 Ali*ned ounded +ndications ali*ned rounded indications are acceptable when the summation of the diameters of the indications is less than t in a len*th of #$t 0see @i*ure <;) he len*th of *roups of ali*ned rounded indications and the spacin* between the *roups shall meet the requirements of @i*ure <= < .lustered +ndications the illustrations for clustered indications show up to four times as man& indications in a local area, as that shown in the illustrations for random indications he len*th of an acceptable cluster shall not exceed the lesser of $5 mm 0# in) or $t Chere more than one cluster is present, the sum of the len*ths of the clusters shall not exceed $5 mm 0# in) in a #5 mm 06 in) len*th weld 1 Celd hic>ness t less than ; mm 0#1 in) for t less than ; mm 0#1 in) the maximum number of rounded indications shall not exceed #$ in a #5 mm 06 in) len*th of weld A proportionall& fewer number of indications shall be permitted in welds less than #5 mm 06 in) in len*th iii) +ma*e (ensit& densit& or ima*e bri*htness within the ima*e of the indication ma& %ar& and is not a criterion for acceptance or re9ection
