AA V5 I1 Full Version

TM

advantage excellence in engineering volume v

issue 1

simulation

2011

Sustainable Design

INNOVaTE QUICKLY

REDUCE PROTOTYPES

SaVE ENERgY

PagE 6

PagE 12

PagE 17

2X THE DESIGN DESIGN CANDIDATES. CANDIDATES. NO TRADE OFFS. ANSYS MECHANICAL WITH NVIDIA® TESLA™ GPUs

Accelerate your design with ANSYS Mechanical 13.0 and NVIDIA ® Tesla™ GPUs (graphics processing units). The GPU-accelerated ANSYS structural mechanics solution enables you to double your simulation speed, while reducing prototyping time and shortening design cycles—doubling your design candidates within the same design cycle with no trade offs. This acceleration is possible when you run ANSYS Mechanical on a workstation equipped with a Tesla GPU featuring many “must have” capabilities for technical computing. These Tesla GPU-powered workstations deliver performance increases that accelerate the performance of computing with CPUs alone.

To learn more about ANSYS acceleration on Tesla GPUs, visit www.nvidia.com/tesla. ©2011 NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, and Tesla are trademarks or registered registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation in the United States and other countries. Other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated. All rights reserved.

2X THE DESIGN DESIGN CANDIDATES. CANDIDATES. NO TRADE OFFS. ANSYS MECHANICAL WITH NVIDIA® TESLA™ GPUs

Accelerate your design with ANSYS Mechanical 13.0 and NVIDIA ® Tesla™ GPUs (graphics processing units). The GPU-accelerated ANSYS structural mechanics solution enables you to double your simulation speed, while reducing prototyping time and shortening design cycles—doubling your design candidates within the same design cycle with no trade offs. This acceleration is possible when you run ANSYS Mechanical on a workstation equipped with a Tesla GPU featuring many “must have” capabilities for technical computing. These Tesla GPU-powered workstations deliver performance increases that accelerate the performance of computing with CPUs alone.

To learn more about ANSYS acceleration on Tesla GPUs, visit www.nvidia.com/tesla. ©2011 NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, and Tesla are trademarks or registered registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation in the United States and other countries. Other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated. All rights reserved.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents SuStAINAble deSIgN 4

BEST PrACTiCES

Green Design without Compromise Companies can gain a sustainable competitive advantage and be environmental stewards — through robust design and optimization. 6

 TrANSPOrTATiON

4

Cleaner, Cleaner, Greener Engine Design Cummins uses simulation to reduce weight, improve fuel economy and reduce emissions of engines. 9

CONSTruCTiON

Brussels’tainable Simulation helps to determine potential environmental impact in preparation for a massive renovation in Brussels. 12

ENErGY

Catch the Next Wave Hydrodynamic simulation helps to deliver two- to three-times wave power efficiency improvement. 6

15

ENErGY

Reacting to Emissions Fluids simulation helps to speed up research into chemical-looping combustion capable of reducing fossil fuel emissions. 17

CONSTruCTiON

Meeting Green Building Design Goals with Engineering Simulation 9

Simulation is driving innovation in HVAC design for an assembly hall in Saudi Arabia. 19

OFFShOrE

Don’t Rock the Float!

12

Fluid–structure interaction allows designers to assess impact of waves on freshwater and offshore systems. 22

ENErGY: WiNd

Energizing the Wind Industry Increased complexities require a system-level approach in designing and evaluating wind turbines. 24

ENErGY: WiNd

More Power to You Simulation helps Indar to design one of the world’s highest-efficiency permanent magnet wind turbine generators.

17

24

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 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

27 ENErGY: WiNd

Where the Wind Blows Engineering simulation plays a role in getting the most power from wind farms by predicting the best available locations. 30 ENErGY: WiNd

Second Wind  Advanced turbulence models lead to optimized wind turbine spacing.

30

SImulAtIoN@Work 32  AErOSPACE

Fast Lane to Sky High Fluid flow simulation software co-pilots design of production prototype roadable aircraft. 35 ELECTrONiCS

32

Successful Launch Circuit and field tools combine to optimize satellite multiplexer design, reducing time from 10 weeks to two days. 38 SCiENTiFiC EquiPmENT

Glass Jaw 38

Simulation helps to solve collimator jaw design problem in the Large Hadron Collider.

depArtmeNtS 41  ANALYSiS TOOLS

Designing Batteries for Electric Vehicles Numerical simulation can be used to accelerate battery development and address safety concerns. 44  ACAdEmiC

Microbubbles Keep Green Energy Blooming

41

 Algae-derived biofuel production gets a strong pulse from flow simulation. 46  ACAdEmiC

Reforming a Fuel Cell Modeling Process Coupling flow simulation with complex chemistry tools brings a united front to analyzing leading-edge energy systems. 48  TiPS ANd TriCkS

Accelerating CFD Solutions Several recent enhancements in ANSYS FLUENT solver capabilities accelerate convergence and reduce solution time. 46

48

2

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

www.ansys.c

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

In Memoriam Jhn ks, sni i an insy anays f    ANSYS Advantage, ass away n Nv 6, 2010. H was iia ic an n f h iinas f   ANSYS Solutions, h ca icain ha c  ANSYS  Advantage. His cis inc in i an

ish wih pnn mia f 18 yas, John Krouse

wh h cni  sch icains as Machine Design a d Computer Aided

Engineering . ks fn h cnicains cnsin fi

ks Asscias in 1994. His nsanin f CAd/CAm/CAe was xnsiv, an h ah any s an aics n h ic.   ANSYS Advantage as an caas ai wi iss

his aiiy  xain cx ninin cncs in an nainin ann, as w as h n cin h h  ih in his iias.

For ANSYS, Inc. sales information, call 1.866.267.9724 Email the editorial staff at [email protected]. Executive Editor Fran Hensler Managing Editor Chris Reeves Art Director Dan Hart Editors Erik Ferguson Shane Moeykens Mark Ravenstahl Ad Sales Manager Helen Renshaw Editorial Contributor  ANSYS North America Support and Services Editorial Advisor Tom Smithyman Designer Miller Creative Group Circulation Manager Sharon Everts About the Cover

ANSYS Webinar Series lan hw sfwa f ANSYS • sains y wfw • is ai  a wi an f aicains • is in nhanc nhanc  h y v  cs an csss evy w ANSYS hs sva nin sinas  vi infain n  c caaiiis, nsa h s f  sfwa an isay a a an f insy aicains. ris f cin vns an viw c winas: www.ansys.com/webinars

Turbulence can greatly affect the placement of wind turbines on a farm. This and other ANSYS Advantage  features focus on solutions for sustainable design. Simulation image courtesy Fluid and Energy Engineering GmbH & Co. KG. Photo © iStockphoto.com/Mienny.

Nih ANSYS, Inc. n h sni i n mi Caiv g aans  waans accacy  cnss f h aia cnain in his icain.   ANSYS, ANSYS Wnch, Ansf dsin, CFX,   AutodYN, FlueNt, gAmbIt, polYFloW, Aia, dsinSac, FIdAp, Fan, Ica, Icchi, Icax, Ica, FWiza, FloWlAb, g/t, mixSi, Nxxi, Q3d exac, maxw, Si, mchanica, pfssina, Sca, dsinm, tgi, AI*envinn, ASAS,   AQWA, Aragas, ba, dsinX, d ts, ed, eninin knw mana, ekm, ea, Fai, Ic, Icwav, msh mh, paamsh, tAS, tASStreSS, tASFet, tgi, Visa, Vt Acca, Acca, CAdoe, CSi, SIwav, t paca Anayz, rmx, pex, HFSS, F-Wav SpICe, Vifey, Qicey, oiics, tpA,  Ansflins, physics, Siain divn pc dvn, Sa eninin Siain an any an a ANSYS, Inc. an, c, svic, an fa nas, s an sans a is aas  aas f ANSYS, Inc.  is ssiiais ca in h uni Sas  h cnis. ICem CFd is a aa icns y ANSYS, Inc. A h an, c, svic an fa nas  aas a h y f hi sciv wns.

ANSYS, Inc.

Shin 275 tchny div Canns, pA 15317 U.s.A.

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ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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BEST PrACTiCES

Green Design without Compromise Canis can ain a ssaina ciiv avana an  nvinna swas — hh s sin an iizain. By Thierry Marchal, Industry Director, ANSYS, Inc.

The Need for Sustainability

Reluctance to Sacrifice Current Standards

thh ch f h w,  xc ha if wi c , asi an  cfa f sccin nains. ov h as cny, ivis nc ii  h wahy hav c cnac; in, any a nw cnsi a ncssiy. ownin a ca, fyin an h w, accssin a c, cnncin  h inn f anywh, an sin a c hn a in aciviis, vn in in cnis. Hwv, h w can’ ssain sch xnnia wh fv. th an has civ a wa- ca a assin vcnsin. many sciniss sa haicay ha w a in  an, an h han scis, in an. th ain is aiy ainin h w’s fssi ny scs; a h sa i, issins f hs fs a naivy iacin h nvinn an is naa vin. H ans f was aia a in s wih h h ha h a h can c wih i. ms  a awa ha h  cann ssain hs acics fv. Whi a win n f  a in h w’s ain   shin a i, any inivias a nwiin  sacific hi cfa ifsy.

Wih a , cas c   nvinnay finy,  if y svy h an, w y fin  wiin  ay   achiv his jciv? ms w  can  acc sinifican cins in fanc, s  accain. gn iin is a cn asiain,  wi h ccans a in a i ss wa in win, an a i  wa in s? rnwa ny is a “s ” ny if h sin w is ss xnsiv an a as as sa. An aia a: Can w ach i wih sna cis? Cn sns icas ha w can’  sch xcains sin aiina aachs an chnis. ra ahhs ay  ncssay  achiv ssainaiiy as in hs aas: • Better energy management : Fssi fs ain an ian ny sc,  hy c  s  ffcivy an scivy. Scs f nwa nis sh  xi. tansain, cnscin an anfacin s c  ny fficin. • Pollution reduction : twny-fis cny ifsys s in h as f h qaniis f vais aias in h nvinn, ain asin an cycin f hs ssancs iffic wih a ic iac n h an. • Product lifecycle : Af a ifi f s, cs qicy c was aia. Shn c if incass h an f was. pcssin cyc aias in nw cs in a csffciv ann can nfi ay f n siain chny. Virtual Experimentation, Virtual Testing, Virtual Prototyping

Engineering for sustainability includes designing more efficient ways to treat waste, such as st udying settling in a wastewater treatment tank. Cotesy mmi Engneeeng.

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If ssaina cs an csss ay a y “nic  hav,” i is iy n sin wi c anay in h f, isa an fc y a sss  v  sins. pins an ain canis a aay ain f his vin y sinin ssaina sins. b h chan is www.ansys.c

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Engineering simulation can help organizations meet regulations and standards. This study was used t o assess the impact of fume cupboard discharges on surrounding buildings and the environment. Cotesy BdP Engneeng.

anin. envinnay finy cs ay qi aj innvains ha c iac h cs an snss. Innvain say qis inns xinain an iizain. ra ahh sins n sysaic sin  ns ha nw sins hav y hh h ni ifcyc. exinain an sin csss a yicay i innsiv, csy an iffic  ana in a hihy ciiv w. bs-in-cass canis a assin his iss y swichin  h via w. Ns s an insy sis, s fn in his iss f   ANSYS Advantage, ss ha an  f ani  xinain can  n viay f a sa cs. eninin as can vay ns aas  inify h s cinain f ssaina sin, inia cs an axia fanc. lain canis a sysaicay sin hi via c ys aains cniins ha w  xinc 10 hh h ifcyc  ns ha    ] c havi wi saisfy n ss.    N 9    [   e    t    t Cninay incasin caina   o    l   a    K 8 w cin wih hih-fficincy    F      2 svs can cni  h ff:    1    P 7 thy ih na h n  6 cxiy f via ss   0.35 vy 18 nhs wih iac n P  1  0.4 cs  i  a. 0   -  Robust Design and Optimization

Ssainaiiy as a nw insin ha is iffic  han wih www.ansys.c

sana chny. dsinin sa, n cs  a hih v f c iniy qis invsiain a win n f aas — sch as insin, aias an ain cniins —  vi sins wih nh f   ns cnsains. rs sin incs inificain f infnia aas an vaain f sin snsiiviy as n fin vaiains. th cinain f aaic sis an snsiiviy anaysis f a a n f aas sin avanc s (s sin an iizain) ns h   a nw a f sin. Engineering Simulation: A Profitable Green Technology

eninin siain has vn is csffcivnss in vin innvaiv cs. this sa chny can  s  sin n cs an csss. pinin canis a aay cain a can an  fia f y chanin hi sin csss an wiy ain siain  ansf h n chan in a aj sinss niy. this iss f   ANSYS Advantage isas 0.55 hw canis a sin 0.65  p a  r   0.75  _R   chnsiv ina i R k d   0.45 0.85  P 6  - p a r_  hysics f ANSYS  ainain Designing smart green products to a high level ca snsiiiy whi of product integrity requires advanced tools that incasin fi. n investigate a growing number of parameters.  ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 TrANSPOrTATiON   y   e    k   n   o    m   y    k   s   e    P    /      o   c  .   o    t   o    h   p    k   c   o    t    S        ©   e   g   a       i

Cummins ISX15 heavy-duty engine

Cummins ISF3.8 light commercial vehicle engine

Cleaner, Greener Engine Design Cins ss siain  c wih, iv f cny an c issins f nins. By Bob Tickel, Director of Structural and Dynamic Analysis, Cummins Inc., Columbus, U.S.A.

th has “nvinnay snsi” sn’ s  fi in a snnc wih h s 18-wh ac ai an havy-y c. As a w-ain anfac f ccia nins an a syss, Cins Inc. is win  chan ha cin n sin a a i, vin nx-nain chnis ha a vinizin h innaina cin insy. usin sfwa f ANSYS, Cins is vin an sin aica ivns in nin sin, incin h s f anaiv aias an sa nin fins ha c wih, iv f cny an c issins — whi as sin fanc. th w f h ca sach an chny anizain fcss n vin nw, nvinnay snsi chnis f h cany’s c nin sinss. Cins’ cn c vn ffs a a a a f anin n f cny an issins — an wih  asn. gvnn nvinna sanas w  chanin vy ya. bcas ccia cin is a w-ain sinss, vy ivn ha Cins as in f cny as  is css’ sccsss. byn hs acica cnsiains, Cins invss in nvinnay snsi nin chnis cas i is h ih

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

hin  . th cany wans h cin insy   viw as an nvinna swa an chain, n n f h “a ys.” Building the Truck of the Future

In cniin f is nvinna chny ashi, Cins cny civ nay $54 iin in fnin f h u.S. dan f eny (doe)  s w jcs ai a ivin f fficincy in h havy- an ih-y vhics.  A $39 iin wi fn Cins’ vn f a nw “sc” — a hihy fficin an can isf Cass 8 (havy-y) c ha is xc  s a nw insy sana f n chny. Anh $15 iin in fnin wi s h vn f avanc-chny wains f ih-y vhics. th sin ivns in nin sys fficincy wi an sinificany w f an  cnsin y hs vhics as w as a sinifican cin in nhs as issins. thh ais f his w a iay, Cins is sin sfwa f ANSYS  sia nin fanc an achiv h aiis as fin y h doe: Iv Cass 8 vhic fih fficincy y 50 cn an achiv a 40 cn ivn in f cny in ih-y vhics.

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 TrANSPOrTATiON Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst

Decomposition filter

Cummins particulate filter

Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosing valve

Cummins new aftertreatment system aimed at meeting emissions standards

t isa hw Cins vas ANSYS sfwa n a aiy asis, cnsi his cn c incin: h nx-nain ISX15 nin sin, v scificay   sinn nw issins sanas f h u.S. envinna pcin Ancy (epA). ths ains, which ca f na-z issin vs f nin xi (Nox) an aica a (pm), ac nw ans n c anfacs an f anas. Cins s ANSYS chny  v  nhanc a n f fas in h ISX15 sin, incin h nw Cins afan sys ha incas a vinay is aica fi (dpF) a a in h nw issins sanas. th dpF vs is aica a  s f h xhas as f a is nin. Cins s  ANSYS sfwa  sia yica ain as an a icins a h nw dpF’s fanc an iaiiy. eninin siain ic h a as an a isiin insi his cnn n a an f ain cniins. ths ha anayss w ciica as hy va h a as an a ains wihin h fi, which iay in h ha fai an if f h cnn. Vayin as wihin h dpF s in ha ssss; if his cnn is n sin y, a vaiains can a  cnn fai. Whi i ih a nhs  yas f fai  cc in aw s, sfwa f ANSYS na Cins  qicy sia h ffcs f yas f fi sa an a icins a hw h dpF w h  v i. this av h ninin a a hih  f cnfinc as hy sin h cnn an insa i in cs vhics. Ssqn fi an nch ss cnfi h siain icins, as i aca a ss. enins can ay y n via sin an,  sfwa f  ANSYS cnfi ha h Cins sin css was vin in h ih icin — an ha h ss w  as a s xc.

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Using Simulation to Rev Up Ongoing Engine Improvements

envinna sanas an cs ns a an v-vvin a. S h Cins a ss ninin siain  iv nin fas an s fanc. dsin chans ha c issins an f cnsin fn s in hih as an sss wihin h nin, which qi Cins nins  cninay s h iis f cnvnina nin sins. ms aias s in is nins xhii c snh as a iss. th cinain f hih ss/a an c snh acs sss n cnns sch as h cyin ha, a icay cx casin ha svs any fncins incin ansfin nin i an can, inain ai an xhasin as. th ha as hss h f injc an vav ain cnns; i s cnain h csin ass in h cyin fiin vn. t ass h i fcs ha c in ay, Cins nins s ihysics sfwa f ANSYS  cin ha an sca anayss in hi w n his shisica nin cnn. Siain s f ANSYS na h Cins ninin a  vaa h s f nw aias acss h ni ica sfac f cyin has an h nin cnns. ANSYS aws h Cins a  qicy an asiy answ qsins

By using software from ANSYS to predict maximum temperatures and temperature distribution within its new diesel particulate filter under diverse conditions, Cummins engineers can ensure that the manufactured component will have acceptable durability.

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

7

 TrANSPOrTATiON

sch as, “Wha hans if w anfac h cyin ha  f his nw aia? Wha a h fanc ains?” wih h n  acay achin an s nw cnns. Win in a sia nvinn ivs hs nins h f  wa xisin nin sins — as w as  aiv a s “can-sh” sins ha ay hav h w  viniz nin fanc. th a cny s sfwa f ANSYS  ic a fis in cyin has n vais ain cniins. th ha ss w Cummins engineers can easily test the effectiveness of new materials, s  in hw his cnn w f in new designs and other innovations — and predict their long-term effect h a w, as w as is hsh f h w-cyc on overall engine performance. For example, Cummins engineers used software from ANSYS to simulate the impact of new materials on a an hih-cyc fai. cylinder head design. Sinc cyin has a n-a-i, xnsiv cnns, h Cins a s  s ha a nw sin is ih f vin fwa. usin siain hav  y insa n vy xnsiv, i-cnsin s f ANSYS, Cins nins can n ny nanc ss  vify h ninin a’s sins. ca  xacin s ss  as s   ANSYS is a y na  Cins, cin h incas civiy y incain caaiiis sch cany’s va cs f vn y iniizin is invsn in hysica nin sin. this aach as cnja ha ansf in in hi sins. Wih anaysis- sin  inc nw aws h sin f a  nvinnay finy aias an nw a cnfiains, Cins w nin wih cisin cs  fanc. n

Shifting Gears: ANSYS Creates a Cultural Change Wih s any nin cnns an fanc ascs  cnsi, h Cins ninin a s f a wi an f sca siain an anaysis. Accin  b tic, ic f sca an ynaic anaysis a Cins, sfwa f ANSYS is h ny sin-vn  wih h chnica ah an h   his chan. rcny, h Cins ca sach an chny a an h swich f h aiina infac f ANSYS sfwa  h   ANSYS Wnch af, a cisin as iaiy n h c’s iv y i, can an shin caaiiis. tic anicias a 50 cn cin in hh i as n h v  ANSYS Wnch. “th ANSYS Wnch nvinn vis accss  h s ihysics s w n  cnc any ys f siain an anaysis,” sai tic. “Whh  n is ha, sca, ynaic  saic ninin anaysis, ANSYS Wnch vis h fxiiiy an vsaiiy

8

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

 acca  ns — as w as h ihysics caaiiis  in h ss f  vais siains.” tic n ha h fficincy an cs ffcivnss f ninin siain has s in a c ca chan a Cins. “th as f sin siain s f ANSYS has h  ansf  anizain f a s-cnic c  an anaysis-cnic n,” sai tic. “Whn invsiain a nw aia  h sin nhancn, aiinay w w i nw as an cnc hysica ss as a fis s — which sn a i- an cs-innsiv aach,” h sai. “tay, w fcs  anin n fn anaysis, ny vin  a-iin an sin f hs sin ivns ha w can vify fis sin  ANSYS s. this nw ca aach has n ny sav s i an ny,  aw s  scivy fcs  anin n hs sin nhancns ha a shwn  h h as is f vinizin f nin sins.”

www.ansys.c

CONSTruCTiON

Brussels’tainable

The State Administrative City in Brussels was completed in 1983 and is now largely unused. Poto cotesy mcael uyttespot.

Siain hs  in nia nvinna iac in aain f a assiv nvain in bsss. By Tin Meylemans, Architectural Engineer, and Jean-Pierre Demeure, Head of Urban Planning, City of Brussels, Belgium  Arnaud Boland and Quentin Hamoir, Support Engineers, ANSYS, Inc.

In 1992 in h eah Si in ri  Jani, 200 cnis — incin bi — a Ana 21, an acin a f h 21s cny  na ay ssaina vn n h an. An h a’s ain jcivs is snsi anan f naa scs an hanis an vn.  As h fa caia f bi an an ainisaiv cn f h ean unin, h Ciy f bsss has n a a y xa. I is as a i cni  nain awanss f hw a ciis can naay vv  nvinnay finy an wh. gi y Ana 21 an ain an viaizain, h ciy n nvain f h Sa  Ainisaiv Ciy,  CAe (Cié Ainisaiv  'ea), an ian si in wnwn bsss. ofn cniz as h fins achica achivn in bsss sinc W Wa II, CAe is nvhss an an annin fa, as i iina an ni isic an  h an faic wih is 140,000 sqa s f ffic sac. As h bian fa vnn vv, h ainisaiv ciy has n n s sinc h ay 2000s, avin his h si ncci. Is nvain ha c a ciy iiy. tay h si is nin a assiv nvain jc ha cins hsin, ffics, shs, as an a sch. bf any aj jc is cnsc, bian aw qis an nvinna iac sy ha incs cnic an scia facs, nvinna assssns, iiy sis, hah infncs an nis v ffcs.

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Initial (top) and modified (bottom) geometries of Brussels’ CAE

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

9

CONSTruCTiON

Initial design

Recommended revision Engineering simulation was performed to determine pedestrian comfort levels (with y ellow and red indicating discomfort).

th Ciy f bsss sc h ANSYS ffic in bi  invsia win fw ans f h nw si an ca iffn ins f iin cains — via ninin siain. Win anaysis is sf in syin any aas a  a si’s s cf, in his cas incin hih-is iins an n sacs. In s insancs, h iin acs as a scn an ivs cf,  in hs h win an c cas sinifican iscf — an ih vn  ans —  sians an ccans. Sva ian hnna can cc, sch as channin an w ffcs, ha a  ca win accain an incas nc. ths hnna can cni  iscf f  ca a n v, acs an acnis. th win ffcs can as aa vain an na nwan ss ffcs n iins ha cas whisin  aia aa.   A yica cf ciia f h tNo (an innn sach anizain in h Nhans whs ai is  ay scinific nw  snhn h innvaiv w f insy an vnn) qis ha h win s in an aa 1.75 s av h n sh n xc 5 s/scn f  han 220 hs  ya. In inifyin aas f iscf, h sana s  xss in s f aificain fac (AF), h ai wn vciy wih an wih h iin. A fac a han 1 ans h fw is acca y h iins. Cnsiin bsss’ ica aa v h as 10 yas, an AF f ss han 0.88 saisfis h s-siciv cf ciin. pjc nins invsia w cnfiains f nvinna iac an wih a ssi n  iniiz h naiv iacs f win. th fis cnfiain, ca iniia sa, cnain h ay f h jc (h v nv sci y h Ciy f 10

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

bsss in which h iin s  sia  saisfy ca annin ains). A scn cnfiain, ca h ifi y, was si  qanify h iac f achica chans, sch as ws in i n sis,  achica ais, sch as cavins  nins ac n iffn vs/sis f h sc. bcas ans f s f h aa w n c a h i f anaysis, his sy w shw wh chans c hav an iac.

 Areas of potential discomfort in original (top) and modified (bottom) designs

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CONSTruCTiON

Pathlines showing wind trajectory colored by velocity magnitude for original (left) and new (right) designs provided increased understanding of wind behavior near buildings to determine areas of concern.

th ANSYS a in h aificain fac a han hih f h cnfiains, isain win ffcs sch as cn ffcs na a iins an channin ffcs wn csy sac iins. F h iniia sa, a a f h s-siciv vas (in which AF is a han ciica va) va aas wh ca win s was  hih an w a  sian iscf. th ifi cnfiain c aas f iscf y axiay a fac f h. th a s ANSYS ninin siain  in aifw wn h iins, an hs ss w s  na vciy vcs  inify scific ins f ins, sch as cicain zns in which s c acca. th ais vi infain ha h in ajsin h iin sin  avi hs ys f zns. pahins f win ajcy vi incas nsanin f win havi na iins, incin nc, an inifi aas wh nia s c cc. Finay, cin ss cns n h iins inifi aas ha w qi scia ca in h sin has  avi h cncns, incin whisin s   insfficin insain  aa  h faca. this jc nsas h s f ninin siain f sa anizain. Sch anaysis can vi chnsiv as f aifw ans, ca win vciis an ca nc innsiis — a sf in annin an vn jcs. Siainivn iin sin vis infain a hw scs affc h nvinn, which can  an ian a f iscssins an cisins f a jc’s fis sas. n

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Pressure contours for original and new designs identified areas that required special care during design to avoid insulation whistling problems or potential façade damage.

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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ENErGY

  y   a    J    l   e   a    h   c        m    /      o   c  .   o    t   o    h   p    k   c   o    t    S        ©   e   g   a       i

Catch the Next Wave Hyynaic siain hs  iv w-  h-is wav w fficincy ivn. By Bradford S. Lamb, President, and Ken Rhinefrank, Vice President of Research and Development, Columbia Power Technologies, LLC, Corvalis, U.S.A.

If a h can’s ny c  hanss, i w c  han 500 is h a ny cnsin. th acica nia f wav ny wwi is jc   wn 2 iin an 4 iin iwa hs  ya. th W eny Cnci sias ha a 10 cn f wwi ny an c aisicay   y havsin can ny. b wav w is a ch ss a chny han sa  win w , sciay, fssi f.  A ns an f w is aha in iizin h sin f wav w syss. rsachs s iv fficincy an c css  h in ha hs syss can a a aj cniin  in a ny qins. Cia pw tchnis (ColumbIA poWer), llC, is ain  hanss his nia y vin cciay via an scaa wav w nain syss. In cnjncin wih on Sa univsiy, h cany is win  v an cciaiz innvaiv wav ny havsin vics. th a sva y avanas f wav w: • Power density : Wav w is ch ns han h nwa ny syss, nain wav as  c a ans f w f a aivy sa fin. • Predictability : th sy f ny f wav w can  accay fcas sva ays in avanc, nain iiis  a cis scin ans. • Constancy: uni sa w, which cs ny ny whn h sn is shinin, can sws a avaia 24 hs  ay. • Proximity to load centers : Wav ny wi n qi ssania i f ansissin caaciy, sinc 37 cn f h w’s ain iv wihin 60 is f a shin, an 70 cn si wihin 200 is.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

Preparing to test the wave power device

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ENErGY

Wave direction

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COLUMBIA POWER’s wave power system: The wings and vertical spar react to the shape of the passing ocean swell. Each wing is coupled by a drive shaft to turn its own rotary generator.

th wav w insy, hwv, facs a aj ffs h fqncy an i ain sins. chan sinc c vs hav ch ss Fqncy ain sins a fas, which as h xinc in h sin f wav w vics aiv ia f qicy vaain a a n f shas,  h nwa ny syss. Wav w whi i ain sins vi h hih v f canis n  aiy avanc fficincy an c accacy n  fin  h s shas in h a css f hi sins  nsa viaiiy  nia sas f h sin css. invss an css. oh insis hav an ColumbIA poWer nins v an iniia cas  n  v chny  h in f cnc sin in SiWs ®, i a y an ccia viaiiy. b h wav w insy s s i a 1/33 sca in h tsnai Wav basin a h n hav ha in f i. t achiv is as, i ns  Hinsa Wav laay a on Sa univsiy. th aiy iv sins whi cnsvin ii caia. a s hih-sin caas  ac ih-iin ColumbIA poWer is fcsin n vn f is n h y, asin is in in h wavs. ic-iv syss, which avi h s f naic enins x h cnc sin  ANSYS AQWA an hyaic cnvsin ss an hi asscia sfwa an f a i ain siain whi sss. th cany ivs ha ic-iv syss sin a wav cia wih h sa ai an a h f f wav w cas hy a  fqncy as ha as in h wav an. th was fficin an ia as w as asi  ainain. th a vy  ach wn h asns an n-n sin chan was  iiz h sin icins f ANSYS AQWA. Sinc hn, nins f h y  axiiz h in f wav w hav s ANSYS AQWA as hi iay sin   ansf  h y. raiv ca wih is a iiz h sha f h fi-infc asic (Frp) y. insinss as f h fficincy f h vic in cain h avaia ny f h wav. A aiv ca wih f 1 ans ha h y has ca 100 cn f avaia wav ny.   As ColumbIA poWer s   in h ia sha f h y, nins  a fiv iffn hyynaic siain sfwa acas. th cany sc ANSYS  AQWA sfwa cas f is as f s, an ss shw ha i vi a  ach wih hysica xins han i ciiv sfwa. ColumbIA poWer as COLUMBIA POWER engineers doubled efficiency of the buoy by using va ha ANSYS AQWA  ANSYS AQWA to optimize its geometry.

www.ansys.c

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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ENErGY

ColumbIA poWer has sinc vaa v 350 h w aff  h wav cia y chanin h iffn is wih ANSYS AQWA in an ff  an f cn c y h na, which, in axiiz h aiv ca wih f h y. A h n, chans h chanica a ac n h sys. sa i, h cany w csy wih eshis Inc., this as i ssi  cnsi in a sin  h is sca an ha cs h Frp fas,  ffcs f iffn y shas, w aff sys x h anfacaiiy f vais shas an  sins an cn sais; i as hs  in ns ha h fina sin can  c a a w h w ha w  na y ach aach in a cs. th cany as  a h svivaiiy an vaiy f iffn wav cias. nvinna iac f s y sins. ColumbIA poWer cny an sin maxw ColumbIA poWer nins s a sinsia wav canic siain sfwa f ANSYS  sha an a si f wav fqncis anin f 2 iiz h sin f h na. enins vaa scns  20 scns f fqncy h iffn canic siain ain siains. th sns sfwa acas an cnc ha ai as caca y ANSYS maxw was h asis  s an h   AQWA sfwa w s in a ss sa. maxw is in s  cssin in win y ColumbIA anayz h canic fanc f poWer nins ha cacas h h na whi vayin h ai as aiv q an s f h y as wn h  an sa, iffn w as h aiv ca wih. an is, iffn an onc hy f ha hy w cs  ys, an iffn ys f s. th van ia sha f h y, ColumbIA a a is  axiiz h na’s poWer nins v  i ain ny  whi iniizin is cs. in, which as i ssi   As a chny sa wih fa-fvaa h nnina ffcs f h nii fnin, ColumbIA poWer wavs. th a vaa h shas s  caia fficin. by fcsin is ha ha vn s in fqncy ain vn ffs n siain an in aains a vaiy f wav sin hysica sin jicisy as a cias, incin hs fn a svn vificain , ColumbIA poWer is iffn casa cains an h vin fwa in h vn css w. A h sa i, nins an ch fas han w  ssi sin iizin h w aff sys ha aiina vn hs. ANSYS cnvs chanica ny in cica Maxwell software from ANSYS  AQWA an maxw siain sfwa was used to optimize the ny. ANSYS AQWA  ss f na h cany  a is isas generator design. fqncy ain s w sin h c, wh hy a fa ss css in maa® Siin®  inca h w xnsiv han in h can. ANSYS AQWA chny, aff acin q an  c w . in aica, h   han  h fficincy f th ANSYS AQWA i ain s w c  ColumbIA poWer’s wav w sys. ColumbIA a dll ha sia h ina an nnina w poWer has nfi f h xcn chnica aff ain. th dll f h w aff  s an civ ainin sssins vi y was v in maa ra ti®. enins s h  ANSYS. As a s, h cany is n ac  sn  f ANSYS AQWA  iv a nica  y h fis can nsain f is chny in v in Siin ha sias h w aff p Sn. n sys an cn say. th cn say ns

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

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ENErGY

Reacting to Emissions Fis siain hs  s  sach in chica-in csin caa f cin fssi f issins. By Schalk Cloete and Shahriar Amini, Flow Technology Research Group, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway 

N2 Metal oxide CO2 + th n  c Co 2 issins  sain cia H2O chan has nv n  n. Anhnic Co 2 is ainy na in h csin f fssi fs, an hs fs a xc  vi a vy a cna Oxidizer Reducer QO f va w ny cnsin f h nx sva cas. on hin is ca: eissins s  w. Qhot ηrev Qcold   An acc sin is  saa an sqs h Co 2 i y f csin. Chica-in csin (ClC) is n f h s isin chW nis  cay  Co 2 ca a a w cs. ClC is a csin css ha avis ic ixin f f an csin ai. th h ss w  Air Fuel fiiz  acs an cicain a xi ha is xiiz in an ai ac an c in a f ac Metal  vi h xyn qi f h f. p Co 2 Chemical-looping combustion process is ain in h f ac xhas sa af cnnsain f wa wih h n f fh as a ch asi y f accss  a-ian s saain. ClC wi achiv sinifican Co 2 ca y yin s-fin fncins (udF) ci wihin a a c cs whn ca  h cn ch- h sa, aaiz ANSYS FlueNt sv. nis, incin s-csin ain scin. Hns acins, ana a aws an wa th ay in iy cciaizain f ClC fncins f i ana fws w in chny is iaiy   ac f nsanin f hh udF an wih sva h vaias, sch as aciv ihas fws in h fiiz s s in ajsin ss  v a iic scin  ainain ClC syss. dsin an sca f ClC acs a a cnsan sficia as vciy. Sis w cnc vy cx. Avanc in chniqs n cas ainin, inin fi a qi  ca h inica cin a, sis viscsiy an sis ss wn h cx ac hyynaics, fains y ans f udF. hns acin inics an ha on qin f in h ansf. aciv as–sis fws in ClC csss Wih h avn f incas caina is ha h sfwa ics fain f caaiiis, h fnana in fah aic sscs (css) ha w f caina fi ynaics (CFd) is fn cc in hs syss. ths in as a vy isin aiina  scs aa as as s in ns f in aciv ihas ans. ins an aic css in i ins onc h  has n vaia, CFd can f h fiiz  ac, an hy  s f acca sin an sca f h infnc vyhin hanin in h ac. css. A a a h Fw tchny  Fin shs an sa i ss a a SINteF, h as innn sach qi  sv aic scs,  a anizain in Scaninavia, has n sin ic in caina i has   ai  ANSYS FlueNt sfwa f his s in a  ca h hysics f h sys. jc  y Shahia Aini. th wths aic scs incas h si saish ana fw in faw wn aics an fiizin as. this Simulation shows both the bubble (bottom half) avaia wihin h sfwa has n cna ffc is anas  h csin f iny and cluster (top half)  h ss a in his jc. is s in a ains. A is f structures occurring in Fnana  vn as was icscic s s n fa an is vy fluidized beds.

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ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

15

ENErGY

asiy wn away y h win, ac ain. Sinc h acwhas a i ain cainy in ccin n h cs sfas wih cnsia fc. fac cnis ny a sa th sa hans in a fiiz an  h a acin  ac: th iny aics a, h cc sciin f cna in a his infac cs ss css an, hf, fa ch ian.  aiy. If his csin is p sin f aic n  ccy, h siscs an wih achivin ain wi ic a  hyynaic an acin havin i a is,  i inic i innnc qi sh acay hav i a nins  ay aica hnshw. Cay, his wi anin  i siz ca  A particle cluster (l eft) influences the concentration of a  ssania s.  aic ia. t achiv the reacting gas (right). In aiin, i is iv ha hyynaic i innnc aic scs infnc acins. Hih acin as f ns s, h i siz can  25 aic ias a sv in ins wih hih v facins f  vn hih, whi h fin scs f in iss aics an acin as cncnains. A ns n i sizs f a axi f 15 aic ias, aic cs sns a in in which s f sfac vi hih- saia an a iscizain is aa is avaia f acin, an his sinificany s. racin inic i innnc ws h incass h acin a. Hwv, h cnsqnc is si way. I is vy snsiiv in ns s sinc h ha h acin as insi h cs is s  ch v facin ain n a  is s a. F vy fas, hy swin wn h acin. Csin is hih acin as, h i siz can  10 aic iaacay an nwan hnnn in fiiz  s  w, whas f 50-is w acin a acs cas i sws wn h acin a va h i siz can  25 aic ias. racin inic y cncnain a h sis in aas wih a w an i innnc in iss is sihy  fivin, sinc f acin as. Incc cs in, hf, h css can   i an nay cinci wih wi ic ,  nfnay vy wn, hyynaic i innnc. ac fanc. Insiny, siain ss shw ha h s f th a a SINteF has acc h chan  a hihy aciv aic wi n iv ac cni fnana nw in h fi f si- fanc as ch as ih  xc. In h hihy ain f sc sin n ac fanc. aciv cas, n acin as scis is aw  rss hav shwn ha h   which h css na in h cs. A a cna f h hav   sv (an hf h aics avaia f acin, hcaina cs f h siain) f, is in was insi h ns ns ay n h aciviy f h css wh n acin as scis aic s in h ac. Whn a is sn. Whn h aic wih a w hihy aciv aic is y, h aciviy is s, f as is avaia acin wn h f as an a hh h ac, an a aics ns cs is as insanans a invv in h acin. t qanify an ccs as xcsivy n h his cnc, siains hav n sfac f h cs. In his cas, s  shw ha a 50-is cas h s ian hnna   in aic aciviy cass h ccy  a h aa f h va acin a y a fac f cs n which h acin can cc w  h, nin n h an h ans f h acin as fiizain vciy. scis  his infac. Any sih  Infain ain f his sy in h siin  shanss f h is cny in s a SINteF  cs sfac wi a  sinifican f fi siain as a sin in s. an iizain  f ClC syss. Whn a ss aciv aic is s Fnana insihs ff y hs in CFd siains, hwv, h s a ssania cniins The interaction between particle clusters and reacting gas using a particle with sin f h cs infac wa inifyin an iizin high reactivity (two images on the left) cs ss ian. In his cas, ian sin aas  and low reactivity (two images on the right). In each pair of images, the one h acin a is sw nh  aw acca h vn f his on the left shows the particle volume acin as  na in h aiian Co2 ca chny. n fraction, and the one on the right shows the reacting gas concentration. c css an ac hh h 16

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Meeting Green Building Design Goals with Engineering Simulation Siain is ivin innvain in HVAC sin f an assy ha in Sai Aaia. By Sharbel Haber, Senior Mechanical Engineer, Balsam Nehme, Mechanical Engineering  and Adnan Akhdar, Mechanical Engineer, Dar Al-Handasah, Beirut, Lebanon

Wih h v-incasin ans f ssaina iins, nins a vin  cx an ivsifi sins  c as, s fficincy an iiz nwa scs. Fi ynaics siains hav vn   a wf an ffciv , viin fxi sins in incasiny cx an anin jcs. A ninin fi da A-Hanasah, hs siains a xnsivy s as an iizain an vaiain  a an ay has in h sin css, sinc siain ss inain f innvaiv sins an ny-savin ass a wa casin h va faciiy’s ny css whi ainainin  ivin ccan cf. da A-Hanasah (Shai an pans) has n a inin fc in h annin, sin an inain f vn jcs in h mi eas, Afica an Asia

sinc i was fn in 1956. tay, da A-Hanasah is n f h as ninin an sin fis in h w.  A yica xa f iin f ny fficincy is h cany’s cn sin f h 31,000-sqa- cnvnin cn a pincss Na bin Arahan univsiy f Wn in riyah, Sai Aaia.

In h assy ha f h cnvnin cn, an nf ai isiin (uFAd) sys was c wih a cnvnina ciin Full-scale 3-D model of the convention center assembly hall ai sy. th assy ha ha incs h sa an sain aa cnsiss f f vs (asn, n, zzanin an fis f) incnnc via n ai cnin, wih a vs cci. da A-Hanasah was cha wih cin h HVAC sys ny cnsin whi nsin ainc cf: th a aifw si y h hyi cin sys sh c h cci zns  ny  h  ins wh ainnanc cawas a ca. th isiin f ai sy s n   iiz  ns  ai ivy in h 24--hih assy ha whi aviin isanc f h ha saificain f h ai, a y ny-savin as. Fi ynaics

Rendering of the convention center at Princess Noura Bint AbdulRahman University for Women in Riyadh. The center assembly hall was studied to reduce energy costs while maintaining comfort.

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ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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CONSTruCTiON

siains wih ANSYS sin. S cin was FlueNt sfwa w s  aanc h hih fnana in iizin ha i y h cah uFAd sys  axiwa’s qin s ha iz ny savins an c isancs w n  ny css. inc in h  t anayz h fanc f h saifi ai ay. h s sys, nins a t ca h isin vda A-Hanasah i a f-sca, n f yan h ai f h-insina via  f h cci zns, h h assy ha, snin h a a ai ns cx y f h av h cawas wih iin. thy accay an xhas fan insa  902 ai iffss a h hihs vain f nah h ainc sas in h sa. this fan as h ha an 62 ciin fw as assis in xhasin any isi hh h iffn cnainans. vs. F a accacy, h Fi fw siains a hn sh h 3-d  hav c an inswih ca sh finns ai na  in sin Original design scenario (top) and optimized design model in h cci zns an na h h cany’s sin (bottom) for temperature distribution across the convention ai s. enins cnc css hh acca center assembly hall say-sa siains sin h icin f ha  ANSYS FlueNt sv  iiz cf cniins, sin h fanc f h s hyi ai cniinin vaiain nain sin iizain, an ny sys  c an nvinn ha cis wih cin f h HVAC iin syss. Fh, h qi cf cniins. In aica, vciy an h vn ah an h f avanc fi ynaics a isiins w na an ai isi- in caaiiis f ANSYS hav aw h in fin s ha n isancs cc in h cany  ac a wi an f cx s h saifi in. anin f HVAC an s siains  issin Iniiay, h fw siain inica a nia f in an in sains siains. da ivin h a isiin a vais vs. In  A-Hanasah, wih h s f ANSYS chann an fac, hih as w sv a h fis-f- Fi Cs l f h mi eas, cnins  x v sain aa (an 31 s C) an a h sa niis  inca sa-f-h-a s in aa (an 25 s C), iyin insfficin sy ai iin sin  cninsy iv sin qaiy fw  hs zns. th a sv vy hih - whi xcin cin xcains. Fi ynaics a (an 40 s C) in h c v ainy sfwa f ANSYS hs nins  iiz HVAC   hih ha as f h qin n h cawa. sins an  h nin chan f vin In aiin, h zzanin-v sain aa was v- s ha a ny fficin, ssaina an cian c, wih ava a an 21 s C, wih sanas. n inicain ha h sy ai fw iv  ha zn c  c. usin h ss f h iniia fi ynaics siain, h nins w a  visaiz h aifw havi insi h hih-ciin ha an vis iv aifw ivy aas, which w vaia in a scn siain. Scificay, h sy ai fw in h fis-f sain aa was incas an ic a fin ans, ain   ai ivy an acciny w a. Aiinay, h a fn h si fw a iffss a h acnis w incin Optimized design model showing flow pattern and velocity distribution sinifican isancs  h h saifi ai ay across the assembly hall. Simulation assisted the designers in meeting an, hs, nins v hs iffss f h energy efficiency goals.

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OFFShOrE

Sensor float fluid–structure interaction (FSI) transient response to current flow

Sensor float bow nosing down due to flow on sensor below float, deck awash

Don’t Rock the Float! Fi–sc inacin aws sins  assss iac f wavs n fshwa an ffsh syss. By Richard Grant, President, Grantec Engineering Consultants, Inc., Halifax, Canada

on a cn jc cissin y envinn Canaa, ganc eninin Cnsans, Inc. was as wih vin a wa qaiy niin fa sin  cay a sns f cain nvinna aa. th fa ays a  siia  — an s swha i — a caaaan, hh i is sin    ah han ivn y an nin  sais. th a f h anaysis was  iniiz a an ns saiiy f h fa as w as  v scificains f h in sys an sc. t  his a, ganc s ihysics siain sfwa f ANSYS  in h fi–sc inacin (FSI) y in h fa an sns n a wi an f wa cn an wav cniins. bas in h aii vinc f Nva Scia n h as cas f Canaa, ganc an is nins hav an xnsiv acn in h sca an fis anaysis hin css in h fns, ffsh, ain, anfacin, ny an aqac fis avanc nw sins an syss. m cny, hwv, ganc has fn fac h chan f hw  cin hs w anayss ha hav hisicay n f saay. pvisy, whn h inacin wn fi an sc was ciica, ganc’s nins n  n h ss f h fi ynaics sfwa anay in h sca anaysis sfwa an vic vsa. In cnas, ANSYS ffs a sin inain sva f is

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s wf an s fis an scs siain s. Wih is i-fi sv, h ANSYS FSI sin vi ganc’s a wih a iicina caaiiy f i-ansin  say-sa anaysis wih vin  fin y. usin ANSYS mihysics sfwa, h ganc nins w hs a  vaa h h sca a f h anaysis an h fi fw sin wih js a sin . In h iina fa sin, h a  h fa an sns as a fw scin, which accn f h fw cns an wav ain n h fa as w as yancy fcs. thy hn vaa h vn f w an sn wavs ha s f h sisanc f h h  fi fw, js as wih h h f a shi. th sfwa ica h vica havin an ana ichin f h fa in sns  iffn wav an cn cniins. th iac fcs f h wavs caca in h fi siain w aaicay ass ac  h sca    accay sia h ssss an fains n h h. thh hy hav i ffc n fi fw, h ssss a ian cas hy a i ssi  iiz h sin f h h  a ch hih v han w  ssi wih h. Wih h FSI sin f ANSYS, ganc vaa h fanc f a wi an f h fis an ass isiins n iffn fw cniins, an i 

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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OFFShOrE

avana f aa cssin  acca a s  fficiny han sin a sin-achin nvinn. In h iniia sis f sins si, h sns was fix  h sn f h fa an xn vicay in h wa. th FSI ss f hs sins shw h fc x y wa cns n h sns cin wih h w wav n  sh h w f h fa nwa in fas cns. I was n acica  sv his  y siy chanin h h sin, s h a i a hin cnncin wn h sns an h fa  c h a ansi f h sns  h fa. th hin sns, hwv, ay incas h cxiy f h siain anaysis. ganc ass h nw chan f h hinsns sin y in h fa wih h sns fix in iffn hin siins sin h is i n in h sca in f ANSYS mihysics sfwa. uni h xnsiv aach s f h nnhin sins, his nw h vi a  siifi way  f FSI anaysis. Wih h is i n, h a ai wav an cn ain  h sca  wih h caina a invv in cin i  a f fi ynaics anaysis. In h f, ganc ans  s a vin sh  f a  c FSI anaysis incin f fi ynaics siain ha wi vaa h in f h hin in sns  hyynaic fcs.

Finite element mesh (top) and contours of stress (bottom) on a half model of the sensor float. The FSI analysis was performed to look at the effect of a fixed flexible boom on the float.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

Waves washing over top of gravity-based structure of offshore platform (waves traveling to the right)

byn is sis f wa qaiy niin fas, h cany has n xnsiv w wih ninin siain  h ca saf an  scay sn ffsh scs an syss. ganc’s nins hav as s h ANSYS mhysics sin  assss aviy-as scs (gbSs) s  c ffsh i iin an cin afs f ics. gbSs y n wih  sc h  h sa, which iinas h n f iins in ha sas. Cnc gbSs a yicay i wih h aas ans s hy can  fa  h si an, nc in siin, sn y fiin h ans wih wa. th ganc a s FSI f ANSYS  sia wav ain a gbS incin h ffcs f assiv wavs f ss — as nwn as n wa — cin v is . th cany ivs ha is invsn in ANSYS mihysics sfwa has a a sinifican aiin  is anayica caaiiis. Cins s  ganc cas f is ac c in fin avanc ninin  sv vy cx s. ANSYS chny has h  anh  in h ganc x ha as i asi  ass sin chans ha js a fw yas a w hav n ch  iffic. n

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ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

21

ENErGY: WiNd

Energizing the Wind Industry Incas cxiis qi a sys-v aach in sinin an vaain win ins. By Ahmad Haidari, Global Industry Director for Process, Energy and Power, ANSYS, Inc.

Win ny jcs an h  — f sa insaains  vy a win fas — hav a cn a:  c ni ny cs whi ivin iaiiy. F a sinss sciv, chny cnis  viaiiy y infncin fficin win in sin, anfac, yn an ain. Whh h aicain is an nsh, ffsh  fa-sh insaain, avancns in scinc an ninin wi cni  h insy’s sccss, sciay hh caaiiis a  aynaic sin, aia scinc, sca sin, cnic chanica cn, si scin an fa ay. Win ins an win ny jcs a cin incasiny  cx, s hy s a nay a vs niaina a fw yas a. Insaains f vy a win ins in ffsh an fain cnfiains a a aj chnica achivn. eny canis h  sin, insa, an fficiny an iay a sscs whs win a sans a v 50 s an sjc  wav an win ain a iffn ans f aac. Hisicay, win ny canis hav s ninin siain sfwa as a in sin, s ny  sia a scific sin asc  anayz a cnn. Sccssf aicain f ANSYS sins ans acss h win ny insy, incin: •   Aerodynamic design: hs cfficin, a sca iniy, ia as an fai, nis icain, win s fi–sc inacin, i si, icin, nay ay ansiin, na-wa an fa-fi sis • Structural design: w an  sca iniy/safy, w cnvsin fficincy, insaain cs an ainnanc, ffsh ans an insaain • Component design : as, axs an ains, nas, nacs, s, ivs, s, cnics cin • Site selection and farm layout : axi jc nia, w  (h a an ava), win as, fai • Turbine placement : vaia ain, hnss, fsy, i wa ffcs, iins an sacs • Electromechanical system: cica achins, vaia-s cn syss, ansfs, w cnics, w isiin, sns an aca sin • Blade manufacturing tay’s incas cxiis qi a sys-v aach in sinin win ins an vaain fanc as n a-w cniins.  Avancs in ninin siain sfwa incasiny a his ssi: F xa, h ANSYS Wnch nvinn is sin wih caaiiis ha na in ni win in syss. Is va is fh nhanc hh avanc sv fncinaiy incin nc ansiin s, avanc cnac s, ihysics caaiiis, csis s, hih-fanc cin an h fxiiiy  cnnc  hi-ay sfwa f win in a anfacin  a-asiciy cacains. enins can f cchanica sys-v anaysis sin Si sfwa, canic anaysis n cic achins an ivs wih maxw, win w anaysis via ANSYS CFd, an sss an a anaysis sin ANSYS mchanica. by vain hih-v inain an avanc caaiiis,

22

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

Speed sensor design

Transformer design

Electric machine analysis

Power electronics design

Generator and shaft design

www.ansys.c

ENErGY: WiNd

Wind Farm and Power Distribution

Power distribution analysis

Site selection, land and sea

nins v i a xnin hi nc-siifi siains  inc aiina ais in va win in sin — nain sa fficincy ains, ian in an insy in which a in fficincy/  fanc ain can ansa in ch a ciciy cin, c wni an a jc fiaiiy. Sch ais can as iv iaiiy an na  win ny jc ain.   Aay, h a any xciin xas f h xanin s f ninin siain hh h win ny sy chain. th saa win ny aicains a sn in his iss f  ANSYS  Advantage — an ach hihihs h ah f   ANSYS sins. Wih siain caaiiis, h jcs sn ay n hav n as sccssf.

Wind farm configuration for optimal power generation

Design of floating offshore wind turbine

Wih incas an f win ny, nins wi fac aiina cxiis, sch as vn-a in as ha wi  insa fah ffsh an in hash nvinns. Win fa si scin s cnin  c is an vc xiiy an nvinna cncns. Nw wains, ih ws, i-accss ins, fain afs an qi achins wi  v. th insy wi innva   h chans f incas safy an iaiiy, iv  niin, c sys ainnanc an ay cncns. ANSYS is in ac y viin hih-fiiy ina, avanc caaiiis ha  sin-hysics ns as w as sys-v an iisciinay qins f h win ny insy. n

Software from ANSYS meets the challenges of individual applications as well as of complete systems in the wind energy industry.

 ,  .   c   n    i   e   n   a       T  ,    G  .    A   n   s   e     s   e   e   n    t   s   n   y   a    S   h      o   e   J   w     e   o   o   p    /    E   T    r    ,   o    A   c  .    S   o    P   t   o    m    h    i  ,   p    r   k    E   c   o    N   t    S    E       C   d   y   n   s   a   e  .    t       d   u   t   o   L   c   y   s   g      e   e   g   n   a   E     s       u   e   h    t     n   o   a    S   X

Blade design

Rotor sizing and acoustics Tower design and fluid structure interaction

Offshore installation and certification

www.ansys.c

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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ENErGY: WiNd

More Power to You Siain hs Ina  sin n f h w’s hihsfficincy ann an win in nas. By Jon Vaquerizo, Project Manager, and Xabier Calvo, Technical Manager, Indar Electric, S.L., Beasain Guipuzkoa, Spain

Indar high-speed permanent magnet generator with air–water cooling option

Win w is h w’s fass-win ny sc, wih 37.5 iawas f insa caaciy a in 2009. th ga Win eny Cnci xcs his sc  w y 160 cn v h fiv-ya i nin 2014. on isin n is ann an nas (pmgs), as hy ff hih fficincy an sin fxiiiy. Ina ecic, S.l., s   v a 2.5 mW pmg f win w aicains wih h aiis a f achivin an ncn 97.7 cn v f fficincy a a a in cnvin chanica  cica ny sin a ann an na. Anh a was  incas fanc an fficincy a aia as, cas win ins fn n a aia a. taiina i-an-s hs c n achiv hs as in a asna an f i. ths, Ina ai canic fi an fi fw siain  faciia h css.

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Magnetic flux density level in the stator (left) identifies areas of high losses. The generated voltage (upper right) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) (lower right) results for a no-load condition are also shown.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

Ina ecic was fn in 1940 as a anfac f sa cic s. In 1997, i ca a f Ina, a Sanish nwa ny cany ha cny hs a a 15 cn a a sha f win w cnns. Ina cs a wi an f na cncs, incin -aiina -f incin nas (dFIg) an nw pmgs. pmgs nay ff hih fficincy a a a an vn  a aia as, sinc h ann ans iina h n f  winins ha, in n, v  hic sss. pmgs as iina h n f shs, which cs ssi s an ainnanc ns. th Ina sin a fac sva aj chans in vin is nws pmg. Achivin hih fficincy was h vachin a,  h w a n f h as ha ha   siansy achiv f ia ain. Cin q, cas y h inacin wn h ’s ann ans an h ss n h sa c, ha   c  0.1 cn f va q. Va hanics (tHd) in h  ha    0.005 0.01 0.02 0.015 w 0.5 cn. F h cin sys, a anin a was s  ainain an a w 100 C  ass  Time fanc f h ans v a 20-ya ifi.  Actual value of 1st order is 99.9 Ina nins s maxw w-fqncy canic fi siain sfwa f ANSYS  vaa h ffc f iffn is an an is n h canic fanc f h na. W-nwn asic qains w s  v 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 a iinay na sin. Order of Harmonics www.ansys.c

ENErGY: WiNd

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1.2

Time (s)

Magnet behavior in a three-phase short circuit as predicted by Maxwell

enins fis ca a 2-d an, a, a 3-d  f h na, yin iaiy n anfacin awins  c h y an aia is f  an sa ainains an cis. th i s f h siain was ajs  ach h ain s f h na an h n f s in h ann an. enins sia h fanc f h s sin n n-a, f-a an shcici cniins. th ss f h siain inc h va wav f c y h na, a asn ha was ca  h sin qin s ha hanic vs c  vaa. th va fas Fi ansf  caaiiy in maxw vis h va a iffn fqncis, ain i saihfwa  caca h hanic vs f a aica sin. th havi f h sin in h vn f a sh cici was anh ian cnsiain. Sh cicis ay  cas y chanica fai in h na, insain awn  w cnv afncin. enins si h anic fi na in ach aa f h ann an in a sh cici, xcin  ns ha h an ha h ih is  avi any aa. gnay whn sinin a pmg, Ina nins cnsi a wi an f facs, incin h cniin f an a, aina s, swichin fqncy an sh-cici (w-has an h-has) fanc  achiv ia an havi f h ni ifi f h na cici.

Electromagnetic simulation of the balancing operation and inserting the rotor in the stator with a crane

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In h f-a siain, nins  a h in qi y Ina fqncy cnvs f h avaia swichin fqncis  achiv nina q, hih cn an w sss. th a xain incin vs in h sa cas f hi ian ffc n fficincy. thh hih incin vs a i ssi  c h siz f h na, hy as incas in sss. maxw ss shw h isiin f sss v h y f h sa, viin ianc f sin chans  iv fficincy. Ina nins cninay ifi h sin, ain  c sss in h sa c, chanica sss, an sss ca   swichin fqncy whn win wih fqncy cnvs — a whi achivin h h sin qins.

Flow speed and temperatures through the tubes in t he air–air cooling system

bcas f h an fi’s hih snh vn whn h pmg is n ain, Ina nins sia h css f assin an aancin h , nsin i c  safy accish. thy in h v f anic fcs na whi insin h , which a i ssi  scify assy s ha c wihsan hs fcs. th na  is aanc y acin i n sas insn wih accas ha c fcs na y iaanc in h . th canic fi na y h  in his css was sia wih maxw  ns i i n inf wih h cas cayin h acc sinas.

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

25

ENErGY: WiNd

10 9 8 7    ) 6    %    (   w   o 5    l    F   r    i    A 4

3

Option 3 Option 2 Option 1

2 1 0 Generator Length

Fluid dynamics results show air flow variations over the length of the generator using three different cooling system options. The options involve modifying the geometry of the slot, windings and magnets.

Ina nins siansy si h na’s cin sys cas f h inacin wn cica an ha fanc. th a f h an ays an ian  in is aiiy  sis anizain, s ivns in cin fanc can incas h an’s aiiy  han a sh cici. oiizain f h cin cici hs  iv fficincy y cin chanica an cin sss. t iiz h cin cici, nins s ANSYS FlueNt fi ynaics sfwa  f a ai sy f fi fw an ha ansf in an an h na. mshin was a chan cas f h iffnc in sca wn h sa 5   10  ai a wn h  an sa, wh accacy was ciica, an h a va 1  nh f h na an cin sys. t iniiz caina i, 3-d say-sa anaysis was s in h ajiy f h sin css, an h  siz was c y sin axia syy an iic cniins. Fi ynaics ss inc h ca ha ansf cfficins, ai fw vciy a vy in in h achin cici, ss  f h ai cici hh h na, na a an ha fi, an an win a. enins s hs ss as a i in casin a hss y cin vaiains in cin v h nh f h na. usin sfwa f ANSYS h Ina  asiy x i aa aaic sin vaiains. th canic an fi fw siains vi fa  iansic infain han was avaia f hysica sin. Siain vis ss f any  a any in in h caina ain, whi hysica sin vis ss ny a cains wh i is acica  ca snss. enins w a  ia  a sin ha  a hi scificains n f a

26

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

y was i. pvasiv aa anan was f qicy an asiy y chanin sin aas. ths aas w aa hh h ni sin sys, f CAd  hh shin an nay cniins  nain f a ss. th nx s was iin an sin a a-sca y  vify h siain ss an  ns h na’s fncinaiy an if xcancy. tw ys f sin w f a h s nch: na fa hain sin  cify na fanc an aiiy sin  vify is iaiiy v i. th cica an ha asns f h hysica y ach  vy w wih h siain ss. F xa, h axi viain f h va sha icin  h as vas was 0.1 cn. th as fficincy f h nw na was 97.86 cn, hih han h sin a f 97.7 cn, an nay xacy wha was ic y h siain. th ain is n f h hihs vs f fficincy f any ann an na n h a. Siain a i ssi  achiv his chanin fanc a in ss han haf h i ha w hav n qi sin cnvnina i-an-s hs. th siain icins ca w wih hysica sin, viin cnfinc ha Ina can s siain  iiz is cs  iv hih fanc n h s anin cniins. n 8.0

Max. Deviation = 1.32%

7.5

Mid. Deviation = 0.5%

7.0

   )    %    ( 6.5   w   o 6.0    l    F   r    i    A 5.5

5.0 4.5

Simulated Measured

4.0 Generator Axial Length

  e   r   u    t   a   r   e   p   m   e    T

Simulated Measured

Generator Axial Length

The difference between the simulated and measured air flow rates across the length of the generator was a maximum of 1.32 percent. The maximum difference in calculated versus measured temperatures was only +/– 3 degrees C for the stator and +/– 3 degrees C for the rotor magnets. Software from ANSYS provided very good accuracy, which is essential for these applications and for Indar engineers to trust the new design variations.

www.ansys.c

ENErGY: WiNd

Where the Wind Blows eninin siain ays a  in in h s w f win fas y icin h s avaia cains. By Ian Jones, ANSYS Fellow, and Christiane Montavon, Senior Technical Services Professional, ANSYS, Inc.,  and Daniel Cabezón, Wind Specialist, National Renewable Energy Centre (CENER), Sarriguren, Spain

divn y h n  chan h w nain ny ix, h s f win ins is incasin sinificany an h w. th ga Win eny Cnci (gWeC) ics h a a f win ins wi w f 94 gW in 2007  296 gW f a insa caaciy y 2012. dnin n h incas in ciciy an, win w c sy 11.5 cn  12.3 cn f a ciciy an in 2020, accin  gWeC, an wn 18.8 cn an 21.8 cn in 2030. Hwv, h a f an-as insaains is n as a as i c . S f his is xain y annin cnsiains: p  n wan  hav win ins si na hi hs. tyica jcins

inc visa insin, nis, h ffc n na, an isancs cas y cnscin an ain. Fh, win fas affc aa sinas, a cniin ha is fcin ins away f xs his  cains ha a  f sih f annna insaains. Cnsqny, win fa vs a cnsiin sis n ncssaiy ia f win w nain: cains away f his, in ins wh h fw can cica an nc can  hih, an in haviy fs aas. pacin ins in sch cnsain sis ans ha wa ffcs can hav a sinifican iac n h fanc f wnsa ins, cin w cin an cnsiay incasin fai ain.

Black Law site Cotesy Seens pess.

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 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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ENErGY: WiNd

Black Law Wind Farm  A yica win fa xa is bac law, in cna Scan, a y Scishpw rnwas. th si cnains 54 2.3 mW Sins ins an ccis a f n-cas ca si. In Janay 2006, i was h as ain win fa in h uni kin. Wih aivy sa hih vaiains acss h win fa (axiay 170 s), h cxiy n his si is ss a  ahy an  asscia wih sinifican fsy an wa ffcs. Scishpw rnwas an ANSYS hav cai  a caaiv sy n his win fa  nsan h inacins wn h ins, h ain an h fsy,  assss hw w fi ynaics w f f his si, an  s h ssns an in vin nw sis.  A caisn f ANSYS ss an asns f h anna ava w f h bac law si shws ha h sfwa ics fanc w. th ss as inica which ins a nfin, f xa, cas f hi cain in h fs.

t vc h sha f an sis, ins is win in ffsh in sis, wh w ain nc is xc  s in c as f wa cvy. t iniiz wa sss an iiz ny cin, i is via  iv cnfinc in h aiiy f s  accay ca hs ffcs. N a h cain, h is cnsia canc  invs in xnsiv win fas wih a aan n n invsn (roI). usin cn icin s, vs a na  vi sfficiny ia sias f jc win w f chanin sis, faiin  saisfy invsn ciia. dvs a nw in f ways  a win w siain  ia f nn-ia sis. tin as s wihsan sinifican ssss cas y sn ain an win ffin. th is cnsia ins in xnin in if an cin aina css. unsanin h win i an nc vs nas a iaiiy in assssin sia in ys. un h Innaina ecchnica Cissin (IeC) (h cniz innaina y f sanas vn aciviis) in cassificain sys, h chic f in y is in y h vs f nc innsiy iy   xinc a h si. F xa a Cass IIIb win in, sin f w win s (7.5 /s a h hih) an w nc innsiy (16 cn), wi  sjc  w as han a Cass IA  IIA win in.

“This type of simulation is useful in highlighting features not picked Map of Black Law Ordinance Survey ® Crown Copyright 2008, license number 100048580

up in other engineering models and

in

bringing

to light

the circumstances under which standard models fail to capture   r   e   w   o    P    d   e   z    i    l   a   m   r   o    N

the detail required. Therefore, it has a key role to play in managing the risks associated with modeling Turbine Number (Highest power on left)

Comparison of average wind power on Black Law, taken from operational data and ANSYS simulations, shows close agreement — giving ScottishPower Renewables increased confidence in using fluid dynamics simulation for future site application.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

complex wind farms.” – Callum Strachan, ScottishPower Renewables

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ENErGY: WiNd

 A Cass IIIb achin can hf  a h in s f  ia an h hih  ca a a in f h avaia ny which wi ansa in hih caaciy facs ca  Cass I an II win ins. Hwv, hy cann  s a sis ha xinc a hih v f nc innsiy. unsanin nc aws a a chic f in ys an nas achin h y  h si cniins. th s f ANSYS CFd sins has incas sinificany f in cx fws ha ais in win fas as a s f h ain, fs an wa ffcs wn ins. Nw a csiz ANSYS  hs sins  nsan win fa fficincy f cx fws an vc chny iiains: Winm. th sin assiss vs wh n’ hav ssania CFd xis  nfi f aa anaysis f cx fws. Avanc ss can fh csiz h s an wi s-cssin scis  ca hi wn xis.  An a-n  f ANSYS CFd — CFdWin — was ca y e Cn Nacina  enías rnva (CeNer,  Naina rnwa eny Cn), a chny cn in Sain ha sciaizs in ai sach, vn an in f nwa nis. th  cnains avanc s f ashic nay ays, nain vs  a in accn cx ciaic cniins whn vin jcs. Fi ynaics s f ANSYS vi a nsanin f h wi vaiy f facs ha n   cnsi whn sinin win fas. th fxi na f h sfwa vis an xcn af f csizain scific  his insy. n References

Alaiz Wind Farm Test Site th Aaiz hi, ca in nhn Sain, is sia in an as–ws icin. th si is 4 is n an axiay 1,050 s hih, an i ciss vy  ain. this hi has n s as a s si f ahin win fa aa an vaain iffn siain hs. dai cacains hav n cai  a CeNer yin ANSYS CFd sfwa as w as sin an insy-sana inaiz . Caisns shw sinificany w s in h ic win s f h fi fw siain, n ava a 1.75 cn, ca wih a 5.4 cn f h ina s. this nsas h a nfis ha fi ynaics siain can vi.

Simulation results showing velocity vectors colored by velocity magnitude for Alaiz wind farm test site

1. http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/factsheets.html. 2. Montavon, C.A.; Jones, I.P.; Staples, C.; Strachan, C.; Gutierrez, I. Practical Issues In the Use of CFD For Modelling Wind Farms. Proc  European Wind Energy Conference , 2009. 3. British Wind Energy Association: England’s Regional Renewable Energy Targets: Progress Report, 2009. http://www.bwea.com/pdf/  publications/RRETProgressReport.pdf. 4. Turbine Classifications: IEC-1400-1. http://windwire.blogspot. com/2009/05/iec-classification-of-turbines.html. 5. BWEA: Calculations for Wind Energy Statistics – Emissions Reductions. http://www.bwea.com/edu/calcs.html (accessed 16 July, 2009). 6. UK Renewable Energy Strategy (June 2008) HM Government Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (BERR). 7. BWEA UK Wind Energy Database. 8. Climate Change Act 2008 (Chapter 27). 9. Milborrow, D. Dispelling the Myths of Energy Payback Time. Wind  Stats , 1998 (Spring), Vol. 11, No. 2. 10. Cabezon, D.; Iniesta, A.; Ferrer, E.; Marui, I. Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Flow Models, Proceedings of EWEC 2006.

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Fluid dynamics results showing contours of v elocity magnitude for Alaiz site. Fluid dynamics software from ANSYS was able to accurately model this complex terrain.

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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ENErGY: WiNd

  a    k        t   a      o       h   c    /      o   c  .   o    t   o    h   p    k   c   o    t    S        ©   e   g   a       i

Second Wind  Avanc nc s a  iiz win in sacin. By Thomas Hahm, Fluid & Energy Engineering GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany 

Wih h ga Win eny Cnci jcin ha win w insaains wi w  409 iawas in 2014, h an f an cci y win fas is cin a sis cncn. th iss is aay ciica in gany cas f ns ain an h cny’s ashi in yin win w. tyicay h a is  na as ch w as ssi a h ws cs f a ivn win fa si. b h a awacs  sacin win ins  cs h, incin w w  an wa ffcs. Fi & eny eninin (F2e) gH & C. kg is inin h s f avanc nc s sch as a y siain (leS)  incas h accacy wih which ins can  si wihin a win fa. th n s wi  h aiiy  na  ny f a ivn v f an. th wa f a in has sinifican ffcs — incin c w  an sh in if — n any in in is ah. exacin ny f incin win cass a ss in h inic ny an vciy f h win in h wa f a in. this ny is cv v isanc as h wa xchans ny wih h snin win. tnc c in h wa f ins an nc c y ain fas sch as fss  his can hav a ssania iac n in if. th ffcs f nc can vay wih h fw an an incinain f h incin win. F xa, n f h s aain scnais is whn n haf f a  xincs nc f an win in an h h haf is xs  nis fw.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

 Atmospheric flow over the Bolund peninsula (Denmark) with wind direction from the escarpment on the west side. The red color indicates high wind speeds, and blue indicates low speeds.

Wind field behind an ENERCON E-66 wind turbine with hub height of 65 meters. The blue color indicates high wind speeds, and white indicates low speeds.

Meandering wake behind an ENERCON E-66 wind turbine. Blue represents high wind speed, and white represents low speed.

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ENErGY: WiNd

In gany, an anizains an ay ahiis qi an assssn f vy nw win fa jc  ns ha nc as na y ain an win in was a wihin acca sin iis. tain an win in was s  cnsi h cas hy hav aiiv ffcs n nc. tyicay, h aach  cin hs as is  s sana iica fas  sia ainna an wa-na nc innsiy an  s a n hy  sia h ain n h as. Hwv, h accacy f hs iica cacains can  ii cas hy  n inca h aca y f h s an ain. th s is ha h cacains n   haviy caia  c saf win fa sins. ths iica s shw ha win ins yicay s  sac a a isanc f a f  ias f ach h. rqi sacin can  vn a if ain-na nc is a aj fac. dvs f win fas a anin  acca hs f cacain h nc innsiy na y was an ains s ha hy c an c  ny f a ivn ac f an. F2e has n sin caina fi ynaics (CFd) v h as ca  ass his ian iss. th cany’s nins nay hav ha i ifficy in inin h win vciy in h wa f a in,  cacain h nc innsiy is ch  c hanin. Cnvnina ryns-ava Navi–Ss (rANS) s c h caina i qi  sia n fws y i-avain h vciy fi, ss, nsiy an a v i. this aach iinas nc fcains an as i ssi   n fw in a asna i n s cs. rANS hs a ffciv a icin h va an say-sa havi f a win fa; hwv, hi accacy sffs in in nsay n fws ha a yicay fn in win fas. ov h as h yas, F2e has s h leS nc  wih vy siiv ss. I nicay svs h a nc scas an s h sa scas  vi acca ansin sins f

Model of a wind turbine used for computational fluid dynamics simulation

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Width of Wake [m]

Simulation of local turbulence intensity (blue line) compared to measurements (red dots) across width of wake

ua Snic 2-d

leS Siain 2-d

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I [s]

Measured (green line) and calculated (blue line) values for velocity magnitude at hub height in center of wake over 180 seconds

h fwfi. ms cny, F2e nins s ANSYS FlueNt sfwa   h f y f w eNerCoN e-66 win ins wih 66  s sin h leS chniq. th fi ynaics ss w vaia wih aa cc in an aca win fa sin asnic ans. Fi ynaics accay ic h vciy f h incin win an wih nc innsiy a h wnwin in v h wih f h wa. Fi ynaics i a  j f icin h vaiain in h vciy v a i f 300 scns, a fi ha can  s  caca nc innsiy an h aynaic as ha nc cas. Qic hizna shifs f h wa f n si  anh a ca n a 25 scn i sca. Anh ciica fac in achivin his v f accacy was h acca in f h incin win fi an, aicay, h vaiain in is win icin an h win sha. Fi ynaics an leS chniqs f ANSYS can  s  caia an ay iv h accacy f iica cacains ha a cny s  caca a as n wa cniins. Cacain f a as sh a i ssi  ssaniay incas h an f ny ha can  na y nw win fas an  incas h safy an h ifsan f win ins. n

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 AErOSPACE

Computer-generated image of the Terrafugia Transition in flight. The company unveiled a production prototype in 2010.

Fast Lane to Sky High Fi fw siain sfwa c-is sin f cin y aa aicaf. By Gregor Cadman, Engineer, Terrafugia, Woburn, U.S.A.

Sinc h ais ays f h aviain insy, invns an nns — f cyc acs  hiaicaf nhsiass  h as aas — hav sh  v h icnic ash f f ansain chny nwn as h “fyin ca.” S f hi as i ana  s sccssfy an vn si in h Sihsnian. Sin nas sch as Aan,  Ai an Aihiian, hs achins w issiv f hi i,  hy nv iv   hi yhica is as cnj y scinc ficin ahs an fias. th cnc is a vn n. b   h ninin chans invv in cinin a ihwih, aynaic aicaf wih h saiiy n f n-isanc ivin,  a nn f hs vhics, which a  accay ca “a-ay” aians, hav n sccssfy h  a. rcny, hwv, h bsn-aa sa tafia va is cin y f h fis cciay

avaia s-a aicaf wih hs f innin anfacin in 2011. tafia — lain f “sca f an” — s siain s f ANSYS  aiv a a cin y f is innvaiv tansiin ® raa Aicaf. Af anin a anin fwin sccssf s fihs in ay 2009, h nw y was va  h insy in 2010 a h anna exina Aicaf Assciain (eAA) AiVn oshsh naina aishw. I was a ciica s in cciaizin his n-f-a-in vhic. Wih a fih an f   490 is an cisin s f 105 h, h tansiin can as iv   65 h n h a. I is caa f ansfin f an  ca in ss han 30 scns. th shisica sin fas fa wins ha san v 26 f, a a-wh-iv sys f h a, an a a sh  f fih. Whi h tansiin is n sin  ac anyn’s ca, i is inn  iv a na

Rear view showing pathlines passing by Terrafugia’s beta prototype design flying at 105 mph

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 AErOSPACE

The Transition’s foldable wings allow the aircraft to be driven on the highway as well as parked in a typical residential garage.

hihway ss, s ha wns can asiy accss hi ca ais. this qi tafia’s ninin a  siansy cnsi h aynaics f fyin an ivin — aciviis ha x vy iffn fcs n h vhic. Whi hysica ss in a win nn h  vaia h iniia cnc sin, hy w h ian cs-innsiv. F his asn, tafia nins n  ANSYS FlueNt sfwa  a an vify sin ificains f h nw cin y, win in a via siain nvinn ha sav i an ny whi as nain nins  assss a cx an f sin cnsiains. uni a yica ca  an, h tansiin has a hs f xa cnns  cnsi whn anayzin ai fws an h vhic, as whs, s, fa wins an h shas affc ynaic fws whh i is ivin  fyin. usin h in caaiiis f h sfwa, tafia nins cnc wh-vhic

Proof-of-concept design of the Transition showing pressure contours on the vehicle surfaces. Since the Transition was classified as a multipurpose passenger vehicle, a bumper was not legally required, so engineers conducted simulations to see if they could eliminate this feature. ANSYS models confirmed that the canard was not needed, and this feature has been eliminated in the production prototype design.

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aifw ss  sy h ffcs f h sihs sin chan n va fanc. th a ass isss sch as axiizin win if in h ai whi siansy iniizin h ffcs f csswins an h a. Wih an aiiy  w in a via nvinn, tafia’s a w hav ha  cnsc cica hysica s, ify  i h, an cnc hs f a-w sin. Siains w y fi ynaics sfwa f ANSYS na ai sin an vificain f s ificains  h tansiin sin, as n h hysica fanc f h iniia f-f-cnc vhic. Win nn ss va an avs inacin wn h vhic’s fn ssnsin an is cana, which svs as a win whi fyin an a fn  whi ivin. rah han yin n aiina hysica sin, tafia s ANSYS chny  fh x his inacin as w as nia sins. As h w f h ninin a ss, i ca ca ha, whi h cana cnfiain ha iniiay n ina  h sin, i was nsia f a n f sanins. Wih h tansiin civin cassificain as a is assn vhic, h f-wih  qin f assn cas — h iina asn f h cana — was n n aica. eninin siain sfwa vifi ha ih wih,  fih chaacisics an iv s w a nia nfis f a cana-f sin.  Anh chanin aynaic sin asc f h tansiin was aainin a win sa s — h s a which an aicaf ss fyin — f n 52 h, which is a qin f h ih s cay f aicaf. Sinc sw in-ai ss nay ca saf fyin cniins, i was ian f h tafia nins

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 AErOSPACE

Production prototype design showing airflow pathlines over the vehicle body. The VBM plug-in to ANSYS FLUENT enabled Terrafugia engineers to model the vehicle’s propeller under near-stall conditions, which helped to ensure the safety of the aircraft while in flight.

 sin h vhic  a a a w s f safy an saiiy wih sain. Sa icin can s a iffic , vn f shisica CFd s. Hwv, wih cs s f ANSYS xs, tafia v a ai ninin aach ncssay  ain acca icins, incin h s f a via a  (Vbm) ha  in  h fi ynaics sfwa an ca aiina caaiiis   h tansiin’s . Af yin h sciay Vbm , h a sha h win an

h ain f h y as n  ach h wih an cn-f-aviy qins f h vhic. th nw sin ivs h h in-ai an n-a fanc f h tansiin as w as nss ha h vhic ns isf  f-sca anfacin. tafia’s a fn ha siain sfwa f ANSYS was ciica in avancin h  h cin y sa wih a hih  f cnfinc in hi sin. th cany cis ANSYS s f hin  in hi c  a s qicy. n

Windows®. Life without Walls ™. HP recommends Windows 7.

Powering  with the HP Z800 Workstation with Intel® Xeon® processor

 Visit www.hp.com/go/ansys for more information © 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The Intel Logo, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Microsoft and Windows are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

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ELECTrONiCS

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Successful Launch

Cici an fi s cin  iiz sai ix sin, cin i f 10 ws  w ays. By   Ansys Advatage Staff 

th aiina aach  sinin ichann icwav swichs an ixs s in sai cnicains is  i h iicay chann y chann, which as a n w  chann,  10 ws f a 10-chann vic.   A a f nins a Com deV, a sac hawa anfac, has v a nw ix sin h ha ininy ins h HFSS 3-d f-wav fini n canic (em) sia f  ANSYS wih a fas  ss acca c rlC cici . Six  svn iains f his css, which a a w hs ach, a sfficin  iiz h sin, a a f a w ays.  A cnicains sai acs as a a hih av h . rF sinas f h n sain av wa h sai, wh hy a civ, cnv, aifi an ansi ac  eah.  A ansn is h hawa s  a in sinas n n s f fqncis an hn sn  h n n h fqncis. mi ansns s iffn

M1, j

M1, i R1

1F

1F

 i1

1F  i i

i2

1H

1F

1F

1F

iN-1

i j

iN 

1/2H 1/2H

1/2H 1/2H

1/2H 1/2H

1/2H 1/2H

(2)

(  i)

(  j)

(N-1)

(1)

1H

(N   )

M j, N-1

M2, i M1,2

R2

M2, j

MN-1, N 

RLC model of one channel of multiplexer

fqncis  axiiz h cnicains caaciy f h sai. this cas h n f ixs, which saa h civ sina in fqncis s y ach ansn. A h sa i, h ixs sv as icwav fis wih i anain in hi assans an s sis a h s f hi ans. Aiina ixs a s  cin h  sinas f h ansns in a sin rF sina f h n i  ah. Com deV chny is s n  han 700 saccaf, incin 80 cn f a ccia cnicains sais v anch. ms fix-svic cnicains sais s Com deV in an

Short circuit

 icwav ixs. A yica 10-chann  ix cnains 140 sin vaias. Fwav em siain can accay  h fanc f a ix; hwv, iizin h fanc f a 140 sin aas wih icic aia w qi hsans f siain ns. th aiina aach has n n  s hysica xins  i an s ix vics n chann a a i. this aach is i cnsin an hihy nn n h sin iizain sis f chnicians an nins. Com deV v a  fficin an s siain h ha ss sac-ain siain  in HFSS wih a fas  n

Tuning screw T-J

T-J

T-J

Common port

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel N 

Channel inputs

Manifold multiplexer model

www.ansys.c

Dielectric support

Dielectric resonator

Channel design example of a five-pole DR filter

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

35

ELECTrONiCS

0

vy acca rlC cici , cinin h s fas f h s. th sac-ain cnc is as n ain wn iiza sin aas f h fin  an cisy csnin aas f h cas . this aach iffs f ai sac-ain aihs as i saishs iici ah han xici ain wn h fin an cas s. In ach iain, h iici sac-ain aih xacs sc assin aas  ach h cas  wih h fin . Wih hs -assin aas fix, h caia cas  is -iiz, an h iiz sin aas a hn assin  h fin . this css is a ni h fin  sns is sfficiny cs  h a sns. A channs f h ix can  iiz siansy.

Multiplexer Design Example

-10

  An xa shws hw his    )    B -20    d    h   w    s i n   a c  i c  : a    (   n    i 10-chann anif-c     | -30    S    | ix in h fqncy an f -40 3.5 gHz  4.25 gHz. th ix ciss a n f channs, -50 ach cnsisin f a naw anass 3.57 3.6 3.65 3.7 3.75 Frequency (GHz) fi cnnc  a wavi Ideal (solid line) and HFSS simulated anif. eih channs hav a (dashed line) return loss (S11) response anwih f 1.5 cn, an h of channel 1 after seven iterations ainin w hav a anwih f 0 0.8 cn. th qivan cici -10 f n chann f his fi is s as a cas . As a  f h,    ) -20    B    d -30 rlC s a vai whn cica    (   n    i nh is ss han n-nh f h    | -40    S    | wavnh ( λ  ). th wavnh a -50 3 gHz is axiay 100 ii-60 s, s h ansissin in an -70 aiain ffcs n ca wih 3.57 3.6 3.65 3.7 3.75 Frequency (GHz) an rlC  a ian, an an Ideal responses (solid line) and HFSS S-aa  is qi f a simulated (dashed line) insertion loss c sciin f h i(S21) response of channel 1 after seven iterations x havi. th ic insins f h anif an h aih  h va cici  channs w iiz y ayin f ach chann  iiz h h sac-ain iizain chann insins.    1    1

   1    2

Rapid Design of RF and Microwave Components rai sin f an rF an icwav cnn can  asiy accish whn HFSS an dsinrF cs f ANSYS a s h. eyin hs w s in cinain aws a s  sin, iiz  n a vic wih h accacy f HFSS a a s ha ivas h i ha i as  f a cici siain. rF an icwav cnns fn cis asic iin cs  ain ns. ths cs a say si an a qicy an asiy sia sin HFSS. Whn hs asic cs a cin in a  cx sc, h canic siain i can incas aaicay.

Hwv, i is si ssi  aiy sin, iiz  n hs vy cx cnns. F a f rF an icwav cnn, h si asic ns a ca, aaiz an aiy sia in HFSS. th f aaic sin f ach iin c is hn s in a sin n siy. usin any cinain f ns f his siy, h f rF an icwav cnn can  ass  synhsiz insi dsinrF. Sinc a h inivia ns a aaiz an canicay chaaciz, h fina assy can  aiy n sin h dsinrF . Markus Kopp, Product Manager, Electronics, ANSYS, Inc.

Input HFSS element

HFSS iris element

DesignerRF circuit model with three iris and two input elements 1:1

Port 1

2:1

2:1

2:1

2:1

2:1

Port 2

Filter response

 A multi-pole waveguide cavity filter consisting of four cavities and fiv e irises using three iris and two input elements can quickly be created in DesignerRF using iris and input elements. For each of the individual elements, the dimensions of the iris and waveguide length can be parameterized and solved in HFSS, the five elements can be combined in DesignerRF, and a given filter response can be determined by changing the available dimensional variations.

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

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Ideal response of the multiplexer (solid line) compared to the HFSS simulated response (dashed line) of the final design

  An acca ix  was ain y acin ach chann wih h csnin aas sw vi y HFSS a h ia chann insins. HFSS chny can accay  ixs an h assiv icwav cnns wn  fin ais, sch as nin scws an s. HFSS ys h fini n h n sa nsc sh ns (wh n) an a ns (wh sa ns a n n)  c cssin i wih sacificin accacy.  Aaiv shin fins h sh aaicay wh fi accacy ns   iv. th nin an h in css y iin h y f h iniia sin f a cai sin (CAd) fi. th nin hn fin h cica is f h aias, sch as iiviy an icic ss ann, aiiy an anic ss ann,  cica cnciviy, an

10-channel output multiplexer

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Measured response of the multiplexer prototype

anic saain. th nx s  h     i  a  c h a n n     s i  n was finin nay cniins ha aas v h ixin scify h fi havi n h s- fqncy an f ins. th facs f h sin ain an sin ix  as jc infacs, sch as  rlC in accn h ffcs f chann f nin ns an ianc issin an sis s. f hin fi siss. ps w Finay, h anif aas w fin wh ny ns an xis -iiz   h qi h . scificains. th iizain t caca h S-aix f a vaias inc anif sacin sc wih s, HFSS a- wn channs an nhs f aicay fin a icay wavis cnncin h channs cnfin aha sh. I hn  h anif. by iizin h c h s n ach  f nw ix , h anif h sc ha a s y a sin aas w ajs  ansissin in havin h sa cnsa f chann issin css scin as h . HFSS an sis s. c h f canic fi an insi h sc, Optimization Achieves cacain a s an a s Close-to-Ideal Design Com deV has s his aach siansy f h 3-d fi sin. th nx s was cin  sin a a n f ih naiz S-aix f h xs an h assiv icwav an f fcin an ansissin cnns. th cany has ha ccs. th sin S-aix aaicay c h an f aw h ani f ansi i an ny qi  sin an fc sinas   c ach cnn. th css has icy f a ivn s f a i ssi  in nw in sinas, cin h cs  a a a ch fas f 3-d canic a. A h sa i, h qaiy f havi f a sc  h sins has n iv, sinc a s f hih-fqncy h nw h is aa an cici aas. vifia an s n y n h th cin aix sis f h inivia nin. n f h cas  Reference was hn fi wih Mostafa, I.; Smith, D.; Panariello, A.; Wang, Y.; h csnin  Yu, M. EM-Based Design of Large-Scale S-aa sw Dielectric-Resonator Filters and Multiplexers by Space Mapping. IEEE Transactions on  c c y Microwave Theory and Techniques , 2004, h em sia a  Vol. 52, No. 1.

ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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SCiENTiFiC EquiPmENT

Glass Jaw

5mm

Siain hs  sv cia jaw sin  in h la Han Ci. By Alessandro Bertarelli and Alessandro Dallocchio, Engineering Department, Mechanical  and Material Engineering Group, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland

th la Han Ci (lHC) a h ean oanizain f Nca rsach (Cnsi eén  a rchch Ncéai,  CerN) is h w’s as an s wf aic acca. tw as f saic aics ca hans — ih ns  a ins — av in si icins insi h cica acca, ainin ny wih vy a. th lHC’s cias sca away aics ha hav n sihy ff ac  vn aa  h hihy snsiiv scncin ans. b h cias n   a  wihsan an  ha ih n h wih a ssania facin f h a isf — cnsiin ha h a c  as 1 n f c. Whn sachs s h lHC cia y wih sva shs a iffn a innsiis, hy iscv ha h can–can cia jaw nicy sviv h iac,  is a s sff a ann fcin sn nh   h cia  f acin. CerN saff iiay s  w  nsan wha cas h  an hw  cc i.

Cooling pipes – internal pressure 15 bar

3-D contact elements with friction

Finite element model of collimator

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

SOLID45 – eightnode brick element with initial strain to simulate spring preload (three bar)

Collimator cross section

Si na gnva, Swizan, h lHC is in xi y hysiciss  sy h sas nwn aics ha a iin cs f a hins. th a ss h lHC  -ca cniins ha xis js af h i an y ciin w as ha-n a vy hih ny. th a f sy is h His sn, a hiz  n y iscv aic ha ay h xain h asss f vais saic aics. th lHC is in s  s  a a ha is iv  a  96 cn f h ass f h nivs. Sciniss h  iscv h iffncs wn a an ania  h in nsanin why s i ania is f in h nivs vn hh h i an is iv  hav c qa ans f a an ania. th lHC ss a s ny f 360 mJ  a. this is w  h s f ani av wha h n cis can han. CerN’s ci is cnain in an nn cica nn, 50 s  175 s , wih a cicfnc f 27 is. th ci nn cnains w ajacn aa a is, an ach cnains a n a ha as in si icins an h in. th aa as insc a f ins, fcin h  ci wih ach h. S 1,232 i ans  h as n a cica ah, an an aiina 392 qa ans fcs h as  incas h chancs f cisin a h inscin ins. th s ciica ns f h cias a h   jaws, which a a f can–can csis, which ncic h a an a sin  c any say aics ha saa f h a. th jaws a s y a az sanwich sc ncassin h ain s a, cin is an infac a.

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SCiENTiFiC EquiPmENT

th cia is a is whn h a is v f n acca in  anh. this ns   n fqny cas h a is acca  axi ny y vin i hh a faiy f ssivy  wf accas. kic ans a s  nc h a  f is cn in an injc i in h nw in. If h is an  in h cnfiain f h ic ans, h a ih  s  ch in n icin. th cia s  a  wihsan accins sch as an injcin  ha ay cas 3 . 2 x 1 0 13      n s  a c h w i  h a n  n    y  f 450 iacnv (gV)  hi h cia jaws. An cn v is h inic ny ain y an cn whn i accas hh an cic nia iffnc f 1 v. t vaia h cia sin, nins cai  ss sin anh CerN acca n a fy aina y f a cia. th jaws w si  a sis f iacs a 450 gV v 7.2 μs. masns f n jaw assis an a ss va a ann fain f h a s f v 300 μ. CerN sachs hiz ha his fain was cas y hay inc viains   vy fas hain. evn whn a sc is f  xan, whn h hain css is fas han h yica sss axain i, aia inia vns f ha xansin, casin sss wavs. Siain was cay qi   nsan h .  Aicains wih sch a chanica cxiy a yicay ass wih xici ynaics cs. b f his cas, xici anaysis w hav n vy awwa cas f h n f ihysics inain an h cxiy f h chanica sc, which incs iffn aias ha a h h wih cas. Sinc h ssss a w w h asic s, h a n shc wavs ha w qi an xici ynaics c. th  c insa  sia sin an iici fini n  fwin h s f h-asiciy. ANSYS mchanica iici

Flexural vibrations

Temperature distribution in collimator, where blue is minimum and red is maximum

fini n anaysis sfwa vis ihysics caaiiis ha ina ha an chanica anaysis. In his aicain, inain incass accacy an cs h an f i qi  a h . ANSYS mchanica as ffs chnsiv n chny, an xnsiv iay f aia s, a cnac cin f assis an wf sv caaiiis. th ciain c was  as a cana a, siy s a is s. th ny isiin ai  h cia was in wih FlukA, a aic hysics mn Ca siain aca. th a ny was inc  h fini n  in h f f a 3-d a sin h HgeN can. tansin ha siain was s  caca h a isiin as a fncin f i. rsachs f sca ynaic anaysis y ayin h a isiin as na ain a iffn i ss. easasic anaysis s h iina inaic hanin  f aic cnns. th a v scia aihs  ay a a isiin chanin in i an sac a iffn sss f h asic–asic anaysis. th inain i s f 0.1 μs was as n h

0

-0.05    )   m   m    (   n -0.1   o    i    t   a   m   r   o -0.15    f   e    d   e   s   r   e   v -0.2   s   n   a   r    T

-0.25

-0.3

100

200 CFC assy

300

400

CFC assy

500

600

Graphite bloc

700

800

900

1000

Graphite support

Jaw Longitudinal Position (mm)

Residual displacement based on physical measurements (left) and simulation (right) matched very closely.

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39

SCiENTiFiC EquiPmENT

2.50E-04 2.25E-04

Measured displacement - 1 batch

Measured displacement - 2 batches

FEM - scaled to 1 batch

1dof - no damping

1dof damped

2.00E-04 1.75E-04    ]   m 1.50E-04    [    t   n   e   m 1.25E-04   e   c   a    l   p   s 1.00e-04    i    D

7.50E-05 5.00E-05 2.50E-05 0.00E+00 0.E+00

1.E-02

2.E-02

3.E-02

4.E-02

5.E-02

6.E-02

7.E-02

Time [s]

Simulation predictions correlate well with measured deflection.

iinay anayica siain  avi nica ain. Finay, saic anaysis vaa sia asic fain. th siain ss inc h a is hh h sc, ain i ssi  s si fas  ic asicizain. th axi sss is w av h ina ii f c, s h ha shc na asic sains, as hiz y h sachs. th as sia asic sains f 0.12 cn w sn in h 3– hic c a. ths sains a ccnic wih sc  h na axis f h a s, ain  ann fcin away f h a axis. th siain ss ach h hysica asns aay csy. Whn cain h hysica asns in h in ah  h siain icins in h cn , h ansvs sia

Deflection was substantially reduced in the new design.

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fcin f 350 μ ic y h siain csy ach h as va f 300 μ. th ynaic sns ic y h siain as ca w wih as d vi asns. th siains a hih in ani han h hysica asns cas h siains  n a ain in accn. th sy a, a  f sni an jni nins, fws, an sns, s h vaia siain  as h iay   sv h . CerN sachs vaa a n f iffn is an aias  in hi iac n h siain f h s sc. usin hs ss, hy ci  ify h jaw assy sis sin y chanin h hin a aia f oFe-c  h hih yi snh gic ® aia. gic is a faiy f c-as a aix csi ays ix iaiy wih ain xi caic aics. th aiin f sa ans f ain xi ay incass h c’s sisanc  ha sfnin an nhancs va a snh.   An a  f h sis jaw assy incin C-Ni is an gic s a an hin as shw ha fcin was c f 300 μ  16 μ, which was wihin acca iis. this fi was cnfi y xina ss cai  n a scn y f h cia. th s f siain in his aicain a i ssi  aiy ians h  an v an acca sin whi iinain h n  i aiina ys, xcin h fina sin. ANSYS mchanica sfwa ay a y  y viin h f an f hysics caaiiis n  accay sia a vy cx . n

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 ANALYSiS TOOLS

Designing Batteries for Electric Vehicles Nica siain can  s  acca ay vn an ass safy cncns. By Xiao Hu, Lead Engineer, ANSYS, Inc.  X=

th ihi-in ay is a f cania as a sc f w f h hyi cic vhic (HeV) an cic vhic (eV) cas f hih ny nsiy, hih va, w sf-ischa a an  saiiy. HeV an eV aicains qi vy a ihi-in ais, , in hih w xacin qi  iv a vhic, hs a ais ay xinc a sinifican a incas — which can a  safy cncns. A y sin ha anan sys is ccia  vn vhain an nvn hain acss a a ay ac, which can a  aain, isach in c caaciy an ha naway. dsin f h ha anan sys qis nw f h cin sys as w as h an f ha ha wi  na y cs wihin h ay ac. Siain can assis in ha sin a h h c v (a sin ay c) an h sys v (a ay   a c ay ac). on h ay c v, h fcs is n ai ha nain an a isiin wihin a ay c — infain ainy s y anfacs an ay sachs. exina aa vas ha h

Current density distribution within a battery cell

Temperature distribution within a battery cell

Temperature distributions from this fluid dynamics simulation were shown to be in good agreement with those from the experimental measurement.

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Negative Electrode

Separator

Positive Electrode

Schematic of a lithium-ion cell sandwich consisting of composite negative and positive electrodes and separator

a f ha nain vais ssaniay wih i v h cs f chain an ischain. Ha can  na f inna sss f J hain an ca c vnias, h ny f c acin, ixin an si acins. Whn ny h s ian ffcs f J hain an ca c vnias a cnsi, ha nain can  xss y n-cici nia an h nia iffnc wn siiv an naiv cs. by sin s  ic nia an cn nsiy isiin n h cs f a ihi-in ay as a fncin f ischa i, h ss can  s  caca h a isiins f h ihi-in ay. ths a isiins can hn  s wihin   ANSYS CFd sfwa  xain h ffc f h cnfiain f h cs — h asc ai f h cs an h acin f cn ccin as — as w as h ischa as n h ha havi f h ay. Whi his y f  vis ai infain a a an cn nsiy isiin, i qis xina sin aa as in. this  cann ic h iac f sin chans n ay ha fanc wih cncin sin aain. Hwv, a hysics-as cchisy  can  s  invsia h iac f ay sin aas n ay fanc. th cchisy  incs y aas, is an ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 ANALYSiS TOOLS

 Automotive battery module with 16 cells

Fluid flow solution for the 16-battery cell module  A complete battery thermal–fluid dynamics analysis including optimization can be done using ANSYS FLUENT software entirely within the ANSYS Workbench environment.

a, wih h as in h s ian. A hysics-as  as can vi ins ha w hwis n xina sin  ain. th s fas hysics-as  iinay was s y pfss Jhn Nwan f uC by. Sch a  has n in in Si sfwa f ANSYS  aw inain f any ian facs in ay sin. Cha an ischa cyc ss can   an wih cncnain fis in ischa. F his infain, iizain f h iniia csiin f cys in h c can  f. Whn his sy was f, ss shw ha a hih iniia cncnain f cys as  as swha w cnciviy in h saa  a ch hih cnciviy in h csi cah, wh his is xy ian. by in cncnain fis n iffn as, ay sins can in whn h iiin cn ccs  scify h a an ha h sys ns  ainain  avi achin iiin cn. In aiin, ay ni is a sn fncin f a, an ay ni is n wih hih ain a. this can  cnfi f a hysics-as cchisy ,  i sns anh : Hih a ins safy cncns, shns ay if, an cs anh iizain iss in ay sin. Sys-v sin nins win a h   ac v hav a iffn s f qins. tyicay, hs nins cann aff  sia as any ais as nins win a h c v can; hy as hav

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

a iffn s f siain as. enins sin caina fi ynaics (CFd) f ay ha anan a ins in ainainin h si a an, cin ss  an ainainin a nifiy. Fi ynaics has n wiy s  ic fw an ha ansf in any insis, an i ais w  ay ha anan. by sin h ANSYS Wnch af wih  ANSYS CFd sfwa, a c ay ha–fi ynaics anaysis, incin iizain, can  n niy wihin h sa nvinn. Whi fi ynaics siain can iv ai ha infain a ay ha anan syss, i is i cnsin  f any ansin siains n iffn iv cycs. m  cin chniqs xis f xacin a  f CFd ss, an h xac , ca Fs nw , ivs h sa sin as ha f h f CFd  —  i ns ch fas ca wih CFd. th   cin css is han aaicay y Si sfwa sin CFd ss as ins. this css ns h  f siains ha w hwis hav n iacica, sch as ay ha cn sys anaysis. F cica nins, h iay cncn is h cic fanc f h ay ah han h ha 20

4.3

15

4.1

10 3.9    )    A    (    t   n   e   r   r   u    C

5 3.7 0 3.5 -5

   )    V    (    l   a    i    t   n   e    t   o    P    l    l   e    C

3.3

-10

3.1

-15

2.9

-20 0

1

2

3 Time (hr)

4

5

Battery charge and discharge cycle results from John Newman’s electrochemistry model 2600

2400

2200    )    3    ^   m    /    l 2000   o   m    (   c

t = 1 min

1800

t = 5 min t = 10 min

1600

t = 40 min 1400

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

 X

Concentration profiles during galvanostatic discharge

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 ANALYSiS TOOLS

fanc. An acca an y si--s ha  ha cs wih a ay cic cici  is qi. this can  accish hh VHdl-AmS, an Ieee ® sana hawa siain ana s y Si. dsinin ais f HeV/eV invvs any chans, an sins fcsin n iffn ascs hav iffn qins. th nfi wih ANSYS sfwa is ha i ffs s anin f c-v cchisy  sys-v ha anan. n

299

 ANSYS FLUENT Cell 3  ANSYS FLUENT Cell 10    ) 298

 ANSYS FLUENT Cell 15

   K    (   e   r   u    t   a   r   e   p   m 297   e    T   e   g   a   r   e   v    A    l    l   e    C 296

Foster Network Cell 3 Foster Network Cell 10 Foster Network Cell 15

Reference

295 0

500

1000

1500

Time (Sec)

Comparison of CFD results with Foster network results. In this case, the Foster network model took 20 seconds to run, whereas traditional CFD required a few hours.

2000

Hu, X.; Lin, S.; Stanton, S.; Lian, W.  A Novel Thermal Model for HEV/EV  Battery Modeling Based on CFD Calculation , Proceedings of IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Expo, Atlanta, U.S.A., September 12–16, 2010. Hu, X.; Lin, S.; Stanton, S.; Lian, W. A State Space Thermal Model for HEV/  EV Battery Modeling. SAE , 2011, 01-1364. Fuller, T.F.; Doyle, M.; Newman, J. Simulation and Optimization of the Dual Lithium Ion Insertion Cell. Journal of Electrochem. Soc. , 1994, vol. 141, pp. 1–110.

  

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 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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 ACAdEmiC

Microbubbles Keep Green Energy Blooming

 .    l          a    k    /      o   c  .   o    t   o    h   p    k   c   o    t    S    

 Aa-iv if cin s a sn s f fw siain.

   ©   e   g   a       i

By William B. Zimmerman, Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, U.K.

th w facs a sha f fssi t c hs css, n f h fs; a h sa i, ffs a vin aicains in sin a  c can ixi i is  inc Co 2-ich fssi f (Co 2 ) issins. pcin f ixhas ass in h iac as fs f cain ins f aa ffs ics. An h s a nia sin  h s. acin his  is a sach Left: A conventional gas diffuser produces li h hsynhic aniss, a f h chica ninin relatively large bubbles. Right: A gas diffuser aa ca Co 2 an snih an with the fluid oscillator shows tremendous an a h univsiy f hn cnv h ns  xyn reduction in bubble size. Shffi in h u.k. th  an h ny qi f hi if has a a aj s fwa in cycs. th aa iass isf incs ins, ca- cin h cs f cin aa ifs f hyas an fay acis. I is hs fay acis —  naa xhas ass y cain ics ha a a is — ha ff a nia as a nwa fsc 20 icns in ia. th aj avana f sa f finis, wh hy can  ansf in f  s is ha hy hav a hih sfac-aa-w asin  is nins. v ai. bcas hs 20 icn ics a Hwv, s csss  anfac aa- 50 is sa han cnvnina 1 ii fin iv ifs a  xnsiv   cciay s, hy hav a csniny hih sfac aa via — sinc h ws cin ics in h uni  ni v. ths, hy vi 50 is a ass Sas a cny in h $20  $30  an an. ansf as, which c niay ansa in a tw f h as css invv a h caia xnss nf hih yi in aa if cin [1]. qi  i h iacs (cin aa n a th y  cin s his sa is a niq a sca) an h ny qi  a h. scia sin v sin ANSYS FlueNt fi ynaics sfwa (a f a fi ynaics Acaic pc n f ANSYS)  vaa h iniia sin cnc an f aaic sis  sc Flow from high-pressure port X 2 to low-pressure port X 1 aia nzz wih an fw as ha vi h ih ain cniins. th aiina h f cin s f acs has n  fc h as  Air supply

Growing small air bubbles

Bubbles blown away

Feedback loop Fluidic diverter amplifier

 A

B

 Air bleeding to atmosphere Water tank

Cover plate shown transparent

Schematic representation of fluidic oscillator

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 Air flow pulse

Water flow pulse

Fluid oscillator driving microbubble generation system

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 ACAdEmiC

Top view of velocity magnitude contours on midplane of oscillator showing supplied gas flow directed into the upper outlet channel and no flow through the two teardrop-shaped control nozzles

n ss hh a aic f vy sa hs. Whn finay saa f h nzz, hwv, h  has a ia ha is fn any is a han h h, cas is saain is cn y h sfac nsin f h wa. th y ia f h Shffi a’s ic nain h was  ii  wh i sin an scia  sy as  h  fain hs. gwh is ina a h n f ach s f as. bs a hn v f h nzz sin a s f wa ha anas wih h as ss s h wh f nw s can in in h nx sciain i. usin his h, n  can ach h siz yicay f f say as win. In h scia sin [2,3], say as fw is si  h scia in. th ain fw sa hn xis n f h w  channs nin n h acin ai y fw hh a iicina cn . th fw xis hh h   chann, casin a cas in ss a h  cn nzz. th  cn nzz hn aws as hh h fac  f h w cn nzz, wh h ss is hih. Af h fw in h fac   ains n, h fw xiin h  cn nzz cass h ain j — cas f incn ( aificain) ffcs —  iv  h w  chann.   Af a ay n f h fac fw  ain n in h si icin, h ain j is iv ac  h  , sin in a iic swichin css. th fqncy f h sciain is cn iaiy y h nh f h fac  an h as sy fw a. Shffi’s a f siain f an ay scia y wih ANSYS s. rsachs sh h 3-d y wih 70,000 aha cs an s h naizain  (rNg) - ε   han nc a w ryns ns. th ss ach h fanc aas f h ay y, s h a c  s fi fw siain  iv h vic’s cnaiiy, incin via sin f is wih iffn cn nzz wihs an iffn in fw nay cniins. th sachs ca h ss f h iffn sin anaivs an hn sc h fina f-f-cnc sin. www.ansys.c

Wih h n 50-f incas in ass ansf a aff y his scia sin, Co 2 issa is acca in h iac an sh nhanc aa wh a y a fac f 10. th ics  fficiny si h xyn ha aa i in hsynhsis, hs iin ch hih aa nsiis in h wa. ths ivns sh ssaniay c h caia an ain xns qi f a ivn v f if cin, as  aa can  wn  qicy in a sa an f sac. byn isayin a scha wh a, h xins shw an 18 cn cin in h ny qi f  cin ca  cnvnina fin s. rsachs ai his, in a,  c ficin sss   h sciay fw. th a hs ics ha ninin siain wi ay an vn a  in h cin sin f a ccia-sca iac, whn i wi c ciica  iiz a cnns f h sin  iniiz caia xnss. n References [1] Zimmerman, W.B.; Zandi, M.; Bandalusena, H.C.H.; Tesař, V.; Gilmour, D.J.; Ying, K. Pilot Scales Studies of Microbubble Mediated Airlift Loop Bioreactor Growth of Microalgae Dunaliella Salina.  Applied Energy , submitted in 2010. [2] Tesař, V.; Bandalusena, H.C.H. Bistable Diverter Valve in Microfluidics. Experiments in Fluids , 2010; doi:10.1007/s00348-010-0983-0. [3] Zimmerman, W.B.; Hewakandamby, B.N.; Tesař, V.; Bandulasena, H.C.H.; Omotowa, O.A. On the Design and Simulation of an Airlift Loop Bioreactor with Microbubble Generation by Fluidic Oscillation. Food and Bioproducts Processing , 2009; Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 215–227.

3-D view of gas flow pathlines released from a plane cut in the z direction and colored by velocity magnitude. The cusped splinter nose at the junction of the outlet channels generates an internal feedback loop that initially helps to direct the main flow to the upper outlet.

Pathlines later in the cycle showing that flow through the control nozzles has overcome internal feedback and the main jet is being switched to the lower outlet channel

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

45

 ACAdEmiC

Reforming a Fuel Cell Modeling Process Cin fw siain wih cx chisy s ins a ni fn  anayzin ain- ny syss. By Robert J. Kee, George R. Brown Distinguished Professor of Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, U.S.A.

Sinc is asic inci was fis nsa in h ay ninnh cny, f c chny has vv in any iffn vaiains. th nyin chanis cn  a f cs is cnvsin f chica ny in ciciy y ans f fin h f in hyn an wih h ssqn cchica xiain f hyn in wa. dnin n h y f f c an is aicain, h f can  ih hycans — sch as naa as, an  han —  havi iqis, i is   j f. th y avanas f f cs v syss ha n fssi fs inc fw vin as an va c an issins. S f h chans in vin f cs f  wisa s a h hih cs f caays  h faicain aias, h ifficy f hyn sa, an vy cx chisy. Si xi f cs (SoFCs) in aica hav n h sjc f ch sach in cn cas: thy hav h aiiy  f any iffn fs, an hi hih ain

as ff h si nfi f sin h xhas ha ny. Wih s f h u.S. offic f Nava rsach, a a f h Ca Sch f 850˚C mins (CSm) has n win wih ANSYS siain s  750˚C  h chisy, Tube-wall temperature and cchisy an Outer shell temperature shell-interior streamlines fi chanics f an Results from the simulation of a shell-and-tube reformer SoFC sac sys. simulation for the catalytic partial oxidation of propane in which Sch a sys — f an ANSYS FLUENT model of three-dimensional fluid flow and transfer is coupled with a CHEMKIN-based plug-flow xa, an axiiay heat model. Shown are the temperatures on the outside of w ni (Apu) s containment shell (left) and catalyst tubes (right). y a Navy vss — cny ciss a h ai fw snin h s is sh-an- sin ha incs cx  s n invv inna  xna fs, chica cxiy. nin n h f. th nt vaa h f anhic sa-fin ain s SoFC sac cnfiain is s y cicain h — in which h an si is h  x h a  s    h  a   n    y f     si an h cah si is h xhic cchica h sh si — h CSm a xiain wihin h f c. th n  c h cx cx caayic chisy is chisy wih h h-insina cnfin wihin h s, whi h fi chanics. on h sh si, h-insina fi chanics f sachs cnsi h fi fw

Waste heat inlet Reforming agent Catalyst tubes

Fuel vapor Reformate

Swirl mixer

Conceptual configuration for a shell-and-tube reformer

46

  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

Waste heat exhaust

Configuration of a 36-tube anode-supported SOFC stack

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 ACAdEmiC

Cathode Electrolyte  Anode

Illustration of a single anode-supported SOFC tube. Electric current is generated on the inside of the tubes (anode) and is discharged on the tube exterior (cathode). The balloon shows the essential microscale electrochemical phenomena in the porous composite electrode layers.

Tube temperature

O2 mole fraction

810˚C

21.0%

530˚C

13.5%

Results from modeling a 66-tube SOFC stack operating on a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, which are produced by reforming hexadecane. The right-side tubes show gas-phase oxygen mole fraction on the tube surfaces. The left-side tubes show tube surface temperatures.

an ha ansf, incin ha aiain an a s an h cnainn sh. F his as, h a chs ANSYS FlueNt sfwa (a cnn f h ANSYS   Acaic rsach CFd c n)   h cx,  nnaciv, fi chanics. on h  ini (an) si, h siain f chica inics f fin acica iiay isics fs — is in h cas f an  Apu — ans hns f sfac acins an hsans f ashas acins. on-insina chisy s sch as CHemkIN™  CANterA can han h acin inics an cha ansf, as n as h fi chanics can   siy. In his cas, h f fin chisy an chaansf cchisy insi h s a a cx,  h f fw is in si nh an can   in a n-insina  as a  fw. th nx asc f h va siain css was cinain h iaiv cin f h cahsi fw siain  wih h an-si chisy . usin h ANSYS FlueNt s-fin

fncin (udF) caaiiy, h sach cas i is ian f a s  a aa h css f iv siia fanc. th avain h-insina c  is sf f a an xyn  facin invsiain h ffcs f sin aa f h sh-si siain cnsiains, sch as  acin an ain i n h -si an ai-fw anaivs, n h an sh. Aiinay, h udF va fanc f h sac. ic h -si chisy Hwv, sinc h  ini   sy ha fx an xyn is w n fy sv in ass fx nay cniins f his sach   hi cx ach f h s ac  h sh- icsc, xnsins  h si fi fw . w n cnsiain inc r  s    s  f  h  s i    a  i  n s fin ai h-insina va ha h can  sinifican   ANSYS FlueNt siains f h a vaiains wn cha ans hh h s iffn s. th s w an aia n snaiv  nay c a h , which v scins  caca h was cas y a cinain f ffciv cica cnciviy. this inna f fin an ha icsca-ffciv cnciviy ansf  h sh-si ai. bcas c hn  s as an in f h h  s ac as aiain f n-insina -si shis, h inn s nay siain  fh iv ans a a hih as. in insi h s, hs Sh-si ai was inc f  n a   i n   h     i n n i n  s  f a w an xhas a h , an, isca anaysis. hf, h xyn cas f th caaiiy  c cx   . fw an ha ansf sin fw Whn sinin an iizin siain wih cx chisy a a SoFC sac, an cchisy is a wf siain is nw  f cain casss f xainaiy acin-fw s. th CSm v a   a    a v h ANSYS FlueNt udFs   sfficiny na s ha a an f n-insina chisy s c  inca. this aach  in a cnfiains can  sf yn f cs, as i is icy aica  icay a ays, sch as ay acs, nca f s  cacin fnacs. n  A three-dimensional ANSYS FLUENT face mesh on an SOFC tube with an overlying one-dimensional band mesh

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ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

47

 TiPS ANd TriCkS

 Accelerating CFD Solutions Sva cn nhancns in ANSYS FlueNt sv caaiiis acca cnvnc an c sin i. By Mark Keating, Principal Engineer, ANSYS, Inc.

many sv fanc nhancns hav n inc  ANSYS FlueNt fi ynaics sfwa v h as fw ass. ths caaiiis can aaicay iv h s an iaiiy f siain. rnnin h sv  f h x s n aways aan i sv sins f any aica aicain. S y nsanin an sin sv chny aiay, a s can ain fas ss an  cnvnc. Pressure-Based Coupled Solver

th ss-as c sv (pbCS) was inc in 2006, an is sa is win. this sv cs h i  va cnvnc, y as ch as fiv is, y svin n an ss-as cniniy qains in a c ann. thh h is a sih incas in asscia y qins f sin his sv, is nfis fa wih h awacs. th pbCS is cin h sv f chic f ssnic aicains. Whn sin i, -in h i is aways avisa. th fa xici n-axain facs (urFs) f ss an vciy f 0.75 a nay s vas,  hy sh  c f sw shs, whn sciay cnvnc is xinc,  whn hih- iscizain is y  a 0.4  0.5. tain h nc urF   0.95  0.99 can h  acca viscs cass. t accss h pbCS, chan h –v cin in h -wn is f SImple  C.

Pseudo-Transient Method

th s-ansin sin h, inc in vsin 13.0, is a f f iici n-axain f say-sa cass. I aws ss  ain sins fas an  sy han vis vsins f ANSYS FlueNt sfwa, sciay f hihy anisic shs, whn sin pbCS an nsiy-as (dbNS) iici svs. this h ss a s-ansin i-sin aach. In na, h i  iain is sihy hih,  in s x cass h n f iains qi f cnvnc sin his h has  y an  f ani  . usay, va ss f 30 cn  50 cn can  xc. Cass wih i fnc fa (mrF) zns sh nfi f sin his h. th a shws h vs f ivn ssi.

Cases Backward facing step (turbulent: SST)

Courant numberbased coupled (iterations)

Pseudo-transient coupled (iterations)

750

75

Film cooling benchmark (turbulent: SA)

2,300

1,350

Flat plate, SST transition model

1,200

100

Rotor/stator with mixing plane model

500

250

Centrifugal pump

220

50

Axial compressor stage

400

110

Solver speedups achieved using the pseudo-transient coupled solver in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

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  ANSYS Avana • © 2011 Ansys , Inc.

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 TiPS ANd TriCkS

1e+02

1e+02

Residuals continuity x-velocity y-velocity z-velocity energy

1e+00

Residuals continuity x-velocity y-velocity z-velocity energy

1e+00

1e-02

1e-02 1e-04 1e-04 1e-06 1e-06 1e-08

1e-08

1e-10

1e-10

1e-12 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

Standard Initialization, 279 Iterations

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hybrid Initialization, 102 Iterations

Residual plots for a heat exchanger case show the effect on iteration count of hybrid initialization. This case does not converge with default under-relaxation and standard initialization, but it converges well with the default under-relaxation factors. It is more than two times faster when hybrid initialization is used.

Initialization Methods

pviin an iniia aa fi ha is cs  h fina sin f say-sa cass ans h sv has   ss w  ach h cnv s. thf, his cs siain i. tyicay, any ss y sana iniiaizain; s s achin f caiz cn, sciay f vin ains  ihas anayss. Inain fis a s  iniiaiz cass, an h inain wfws avaia in ANSYS FlueNt hav n iv in cn ass. th a as h iniiaizain chniqs f fh accain h siain cnvnc. Full multigrid initialization (Fmg), inc in 2006, vis h iniia an axia sin a a ini cs  va caina xns. th fa is accss via h x s infac (tuI) an -s h i as a f h css. th cans a: Solve>initialize>set-fmg-initialization Solve>initialize>fmg-i

th va iniiaizain i sin his aach is ch n han ha sin sana iniiaizain y zn,  i aws a ch qic sv. Fmg svs e qains an is avaia f sin-has fws ny. Fmg iniiaizain vis h s-ss iniia

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sin. I is aicay si  achiny as w as xna an cssi fw s. Hybrid solution initialization was inc a vsin 13.0 an ss a ccin f cis an nay inain hs  fficiny iniiaiz h sin as y n siain s — s h s s n n  vi aiina ins f iniiaizain. th h can  ai  fws anin f ssnic  ssnic. I is h cn h whn sin pbCS an dbNS f say-sa cass in ANSYS FlueNt 13.0. this iniiaizain ay iv h cnvnc snss f any cass. uni Fmg, his iniiaizain h can  s f ihas fws. Summary

  A n f sv sins a avaia  ai sin accain an cnvnc wihin h ANSYS FlueNt sv. Iniviay, hs chniqs can  s  c sin is; cin, hy ff vn a caaiiy. F xa, in s cass, vin f a sa sv  pbCS wih Fmg an h s-ansin h has s in   100 is s. ths fas shw h nfis f invsiain an ain avana f nw sv chnis. n

 ANSYS Avana • V V, Iss 1, 2011

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