A PROPOSED OLANGO WILDLIFE CONSERVATION CENTER AND TOURISM COMPLEX
_______________________________________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Architecture Department, College of Architecture and Fine Arts
University of San Carlos
Cebu City
_______________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
By:
Acuña, Charles Anthony
Batoy, Katrine Ann
S.Y. 2016-2017
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis/dissertation proposal entitled "A PROPOSED OLANGO WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION CENTER AND TOURISM COMPLEX" submitted by Acuña, Charles
Anthony and Batoy, Katrine Ann for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
ARCHITECTURE has been examined and approved for PROPOSAL HEARING.
Thesis Committee
Ar. Marc Ruz
Adviser
Ar. Maxcell Migallos Ar. Omar Maxwell Espina
Coordinator Member
Ar.Anne Nacorda Ar. Joseph Michel Espina
Member Member
Ar. Ma. Lizeta Uy
Member
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT AND KEYWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Rationale of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.2.1 Objectives of the Study
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.5 Theoretical Framework
1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.7 Definition of Terms
1.8 Organization of the Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research Environment
3.2 Research Respondents
3.3 Research Instruments
3.4 Research Procedures
3.4.1 Gathering of Data
3.4.2 Treatment of Data
Chapter 4: Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.1 Client and User
4.2 Related Building Laws
4.3 Planning and Design Standards
4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis
4.5 Space Programming
4.5.1 List of Spaces
4.5.2 Space Proximity Matrix
4.5.3 Space Relationship Diagram
4.5.4 Space Programming Sheets
Chapter 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
Correspondences
CV
Chapter 6: Proposed Architectural Concept and Solution
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Rationale of the Study
Olango Island as the Lapu-lapu City's new "tourism frontier" and as an
ecotourism destination will help the city stay ahead of this highly
competitive tourism market". Our study will boost up the tourism of Olango
Island on providing an ecotourism complex and provides enough research
facilities for the wildlife sanctuary.
The wildlife conservation center and tourism complex provides a
facility that rescues injured/endangered wild life animals in the island
which they will rehabilitate and will be released back into the wild. It
provides research and laboratory facilities for the researchers. It also
provides a Wildlife Interactive Museum and a library for people to
understand more about bird migration patterns and other wild life animals.
As for the tourists, they will also be provided with room accommodations.
This is generally a study intended to provide architectural research,
programming, and solutions to conform the need of the research facility and
tourism complex in the island. Another purpose of this study is to be
knowledgeable of the world of wildlife and thoroughly learn and understand
its use.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The researchers aim to design a wildlife sanctuary that will provide
architectural research, programming, and solutions to conform the need of
wildlife conservation facility in Olango Island. What are available in
Olango wildlife sanctuary today are only offices, mangrove planting, and
the viewing deck for bird watching. They lack the medical, research, and
training facilities which limits the capability of one's education and
knowledge about wildlife conservation. What is needed is a proper facility
that will manage rescue operations, rehabilitation, replanting and wildlife
conservation. To ensure the safety of the wildlife sanctuary and its
tourists. The aim of this study is to create a wildlife sanctuary and
tourism complex that will teach people about the importance of wildlife and
to promote the conservation of wildlife in Olango Island.
The study seeks to answer the following questions:
How would the proposal provide spaces for the different types of
research facility needed in terms of achieving a systematic flow of
research for the wildlife of Olango Island?
How would the facility such as the exhibit hall/museum achieve its goal
as to spread awareness and educate the public on how rich the wildlife
biodiversity of Olango Island and how can they help protect and conserve
these species?
How would Wildlife Conservation Center attract a large number of both
local and foreign visitors in terms of promoting the province's and
city's tourism?
1.2.1 Objectives of the Study
The fundamental goal of this study is to provide a facility that would
provide research, education, conservation and recreation for the rich
wildlife biodiversity in the country.
1. Research and Conservation
To be able to provide spaces for different types of research regarding
wildlife biodiversity.
To be able to protect the well-being and survival of wildlife species.
To be able to improve the quality of research by providing spaces such
as laboratories, libraries, and work inspiring spaces.
To be able to encourage researchers, scientists and marine biologists
to expand their knowledge about wildlife biology.
To discover new solutions for the preservation and protection of
wildlife.
2. Education and Recreation
To be able to educate the public on how rich the wildlife biodiversity
of the Philippines is and how they could help in protecting these
wildlife species.
To be able to raise awareness of environmental preservation and
conservation through engaging visitors with interesting wildlife-
related activities.
To emphasize learning through entertainment to the public.
To educate and bring new learning and fun experience to the public and
the community.
3. Touristic
To entertain tourists with enjoyable spaces,
To attract local and foreign tourists and providing them spaces which
they could enjoy.
To attract local and foreign birdwatchers, divers, snorkelers, and
scientists to the centre, thus promoting tourism.
1.3 Significance of the Study
This conservation center will give both foreign and local
tourists/volunteers an opportunity to explore more about the biodiversity
of the wildlife in Olango island. They will be given the proper methods and
tools in order for them to participate in wildlife conservation. The
activities that the tourists/volunteers will encounter can greatly help the
wildlife conservation to ensure that the nature will be around for future
generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and
wilderness for humans and other species alike.
The proposal would have a facility that provides research center and a
medical aid that could benefit both researchers and other wildlife animals
in Olango. This would mean a faster response in emergency cases and an
extended research for biologists and students. Moreover, this will promote
awareness to everyone that wildlife is very essential for our survival.
1.4 Scope and Limitations
The scope of this proposal is mainly focused on designing and planning
a educational facilities, research facilities concentrating on research
about wildlife biodiversity and a ecotourism complex that can cater the
growing population of tourists within the area along with the different
activities that are being held on the wildlife sanctuary.
The presentation of the study will outline the basic information of
the existing conditions, physical and socio-economic profile, issues and
problems of the study area. Primarily, the study is conducted to determine
the need to provide a wildlife conservation center and tourism complex.
The proposed Olango Wildlife Park and Ecotourism Complex shall contain
four sections respectively.
a. The Administrative Section – this area will serve as a control area
that controls the whole facility and is responsible for the
supervision of all the activities,
b. The Research Centre – this area will be used for research and
experimentations and will focus on the following areas of research
respectively:
The areas of researches will include:
c. The Wildlife Exhibits/ Educational and Entertainment Centre –this area
will serve as the centre for public awareness and education that will
features a exhibits that will display different migrating birds and
wildlife biodiversity that could provide relevant information for the
locals and visitors.
d. Ecotourism Complex – this area will serve as an attraction for the
local and foreign tourist that provides room accommodation and
enjoyable spaces for activities.
This study will only focus on the Architectural interpretation of the
said spaces and considerations with structural concepts and utility
design concepts but will not go further into tackling the budgets and
economics side of the study or the proposal.
1.5 Theoretical Framework
1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.7 Definition of Terms
Wildlife - It refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to
include all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an
area without being introduced by humans.
Wildlife Sanctuary – a place of refuge where abused, injured, and abandoned
captive wildlife may live in peace and dignity for the remainder of their
lives.
Wildlife Education – Providing studies regarding wildlife biodiversity and
teaching them to the public and fellow researchers. Conducted to raise
awareness for the preservation of wildlife.
Wildlife Exhibit – A place or centre in which newly required knowledge will
be exposed to the public in order to give awareness and a potential tourist
destination.
Biodiversity-refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from
genes to ecosystems, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that
sustain it.
Wetlands – a place where the land is covered by water, either salt, fresh
or somewhere in between.
Mangroves - These are shrubs or small trees that grow in coastal saline or
brackish water. They are salt tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and
are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions.
Conservation - An act of preserving, guarding, or protecting.
Ornithology - It is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.
Tourism Complex- an area developed as a base for tourism where tourist
facilities are established comprehensively for various purposes of tourism
and relaxation.
Ecotourism - tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural
environments, especially to support conservation efforts and observe
wildlife.
1.8 Organization of the Study
Chapter 1
This chapter will be about the history and the significance of the
proposed thesis. It will also inform the respondents on what the problem of
the thesis is and why this thesis is proposed and the following terms that
will be used in further parts of this research.
Chapter 2
This chapter will inform the respondents of the existing literature and
references about the topic. It will also inform them of the standard rules
and regulations of the thesis topic and as well as our approach to the
problem.
Chapter 3
This chapter will inform the respondents about the research
methodologies applied in gathering data for this thesis.
Chapter 4
This chapter will inform the respondents of the results of the three
previous chapters. Here will be the results of the gathered data in our
research.
Chapter 5
This chapter will inform the respondents on how we approach and analyze
the given problem in a much more detailed way. This is the chapter where we
break down the different data and analyze them briefly through applied
theories. This chapter includes schemes and diagrams for detailed analysis.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
The following studies and projects are the materials that the
proponents deemed useful in the process of leading the study into a
suitable and fruitful work.
2.1 The Importance of Wildlife: Human Survival Depends on it
By: Brittani Sponaugle
Traditionally speaking wildlife encompasses all non-domesticated
animals like birds, fox, bison, frogs, coyotes and so on. However, the term
wildlife has come to envelope all kinds of undomesticated life from
microorganisms to vegetation and fungi as well. The scope of wildlife is
vast and there is no possible way to discuss the importance of each
contributor to the ecological system as a whole in this article. The most
important lesson to take away from this is that without wildlife – human
life would not exist.
Ecology
Broadly speaking, ecology is the study of environmental systems and
everything that resides within those environments. Ecology is particularly
focused on how organisms living within an ecosystem interact with
the living and non-living environment that surrounds them. An ecosystem is
a community of natural bodies that live and work together in an
interconnected web for survival. The best way to think about this is the
food chain. In school we're taught about how the lion eats the hyena, the
hyena eats the coyote, the coyote eats rabbits, the rabbit eats vegetation
and small insects and microorganisms eat vegetation – all of which require
oxygen or sun to survive and all of which share a localized environment, or
ecosystem. Each variable is interdependent on the other to continue the
life cycle. It's this circle of life that maintains the three areas of
study within ecology which are populations, ecosystems and communities.
Population ecology - It focuses on the variable amount of wildlife
within an ecosystem and the distribution of that population. An example
of this would be the study of Northern Pike in Colorado rivers and
lakes. Northern Pike in Colorado are considered invasive which means
they are non-native and threaten native organisms. It's their population
and distribution (organically or introduced) that is the focus of
population ecologists. Because of their aggressive nature and size,
these pike don't have many natural predators in their non-native water
sources. However, they are the predators who deplete certain water
sources of other organic aquatic life. This decreases biodiversity which
decreases the stability of the ecosystem (community).
Ecosystem ecology - It is the general study of all living things in a
defined environmental community (desert, arctic tundra, rain forest,
ocean and so on) and it's interaction with the abiotic, or non-living,
environment.
Community ecology - It focuses on both ecosystems and populations,
combined. The Northern Pike example is quite applicable here. High
abundance of pike equates to a low biodiversity in the lake ecosystem
which contributes to an increased dissolved oxygen (DO) prevalence which
ultimately affects the livability of the lake for other aquatic life and
can result in an eventual "dead zone" or water source eutrophication.
How are we involved?
We, humans are very dependent on wildlife. Here are some reasons why we
are very dependent on wildlife:
The clothes we wear come from cotton, hemp or other plant fibers that
are manufactured into wearable items. In ancient days, and still
occasionally, clothes are crafted from the hide and fur of animals.
Using plants for material is a sustainable practice. Cropping plants
encourages new growth and new growth means availability of this
resource.
The food we eat, obviously, comes from animals and plants. If there
was no one to eat eggs from chickens, all of those eggs could
potentially hatch. If all of those eggs hatched, we'd have a serious
chicken infestation on our hands. With that many chickens there needs
to be an increase in natural predators to maintain the population, or
an increase in human consumption. An abundance of any one animal can
cause an imbalance in an ecosystem which can affect the environment at
the global level.
The houses we build and live in are often constructed using wildlife
resources like wood from trees. Many cultures around the world once
constructed their houses using other natural resources like animal
bones for tools, soil compositions for clay structures, and plant
elements for shelter.
The paper we write and print on comes from trees and other plant
fibers. Remember to recycle because the more paper we use, the more
deforestation occurs and the more this affects certain ecosystems.
The air we breathe would be toxic if it weren't for plant
photosynthesis of which oxygen is a by-product. Phytoplankton play a
huge role in eliminating carbon from our atmosphere and contributing
to the dissolved oxygen levels of water. They are also considered a
direct contributor to global warming and changes in atmospheric
conditions.
Civilizations world-wide have been using plants for medicine since the
beginning of time. Mushrooms also have soil restoration capabilities
when nutrients are deficient and contaminants prevalent.
Our environment promotes incredible biodiversity, and it's this
biodiversity that contributes directly to the sustainability of all life on
the planet. All life on the planet is interdependent. Every organism has a
role that it plays in the bigger picture of life.
2.3 Architectural Programming and Predesign Manager
This book was written by Robert G. Hershberger and it talks about
programming as the very first step in designing any architectural project.
The process of programming was thoroughly explained and certain issues were
identified.
Environmental Issues
- Site
- Climate
- Context
Human Issues
- Functional activities to be housed
- Social relationships to be maintained
- Psychological characteristics and needs of the users
- Physical needs and characteristics of the users
2.3 Hong Kong Wetland Park
Link: http://www.nextstophongkong.com/hong-kong-wetland-park/
Hongkong Wetland Park is a conservation, education and tourism
facility. It comprises a 10,000 square metre (110,00 sq ft) visitor centre.
Wetland Interactive World, and a 60-hectare (150 acre) Wetland Reserve. The
Wetland Interactive World has themed exhibition galleries, a theatre, a
souvenir shop, an indoor play area (swamp adventure) and a resource centre.
Facilities
Themed exhibition galleries with floor areas ranging from 250 to 1,200
square metres (2,700 to 12,900 sq ft) showcase the importance of wetland
on biodiversity, civilization and conservation. Visitors can learn more
about the native flora and fauna of Hong Kong through the animals and
models displayed in the Living Wetland Gallery.
The Wetland Reserve consists of re-created habitats designed for water
fowls and other wildlife. The Wetland Discovery Centre, located in the
Wetland Reserve, provides visitors more hands-on experience on local
wetlands. Other facilities include Stream Walk, Succession Walk, Mangrove
Boardwalk and three bird hides situated next to the fish pond, mudflat and
riverside.
2.4 BIRD HIDES
Link:http://birdlife.org.au/images/uploads/education_sheets/INFO-bird-hides-
sm.pdf
The Purpose of Hides
The primary purpose of a hide is to enable the observer to get closer
to his objective than could otherwise have been achieved, and to allow
observation of bird or other animal behaviour over a period of time without
alarming the subject. It is therefore necessary for the observer to blend
in with the environment as much as possible. Hides are concerned with more
than keeping the observer out of sight of the observed; it is equally
important that the birds or animals are not alarmed by sounds such as
voices, shuffling of the observers, the motor film feed of a camera or
flapping of fabric coverings. A telescope will assist viewing from a
greater distance.
By far the greatest use for a hide is to provide a facility where the
general public is encouraged to view nature on a more or less casual basis
in a way which least disturbs the animals or birds. This will almost
certainly call for some degree of viewer management.
Different kind of Bird Hides:
Permanent hides
Ground-level hides
Elevated hides
Pit hides
'Vulture restaurants' or feeding stations
Temporary hides
Photographic hides
Elevated hides
Mobile hides : Vehicle-hides; Boat-hides;
Unusual hides, Hot-air balloons.
A checklist for hide design
A checklist for hide design For those who may be involved in the design
of hides, the following checklist gives many alternatives which should be
considered during the design process. The list is not intended to be
exhaustive.
CHAPTER 3
Methodology
3.1 Research Environment
Olango Island is located in the Central Visayan region in Cebu Province.
The island lies 5 km west of Mactan Island, a major tourist destination in
Cebu. It has 20,000 human residents with 1,014 hectares of land. The island
is virtually flat and surrounded by mangroves, seagrass beds and offshore
coral reefs. it is known for its 920-hectare Wildlife Sanctuary that serves
as flyways in the world of migrating birds.
The proposed site is located at the Olango Wildlife Sanctuary that is
near the coastal area of the island. The site is rich with wildlife
biodiversity that will hopefully be developed to promote tourism in the
island.
3.2 Research Respondents
The respondents of the proposed research are the local citizens of the
island. These people are the ones who are more knowledgeable around the
island and they are the ones who are more aware of the activities
surrounding the island.
3.3 Research Instruments
To make the research study successful researchers used different kind of
instruments in gathering and analyzing information. The researchers used
books as one of the references to acquire enough data for building codes,
design standards and provisions. They also used electronic gadgets like
computer, laptops and smart phones to access the internet for information
and communication.
3.4 Research Procedures
3.4.1 Gathering of Data
0. INTERNET RESEARCH
The researchers gathered information through using the internet to
search for similar wildlife facility within the Philippines. Due to the
lack of these facilities in the country, the researchers also research a
similar wildlife facility outside the Philippines.
1. LIBRARY RESEARCH
The researchers gathered information and inspirations through the
architectural books and magazines that are usually found in the library.
Through this method the researchers were able to determine the different
provisions and policies that will be applied in our study.
2. INTERVIEW
The researchers were able to acquire information and data through
interviewing members of Olango Wildlife Sanctuary and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). They were able to further
understand the needs and requirements that are essential in designing a
functional facility.
3.4.2 Treatment of Data
After gathering the data needed, the following were done by the
researchers:
Thorough analysis of the gathered data and information
Take into consideration the building codes, standards of design and
planning, and regulations that are related to this study
To further develop the data gathered, schematic diagrams and preliminary
drawings and sketches were done
After the preliminary drawings have been approved, the next step was to
make the working architectural drawings
CHAPTER 4
Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.1 Client and User
4.1.1Client
1. World Wide Fund (WWF) – Philippines
BACKGROUND
World Wildlife Fund-Philippines became the 26th national organization of
WWF network. WWF-Philippines, also known as Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas
(KKP), has been working as a national organization of the WWF network since
1997. The organization's conservation program places strong marine emphasis
in the conservation of species and habitats and utilizes highly integrative
and participatory approaches to find solutions that work for the
environment and for the people that live in and depend on it.
VISION
A Philippines where globally-significant biodiversity is properly
protected and harnessed to sustain life for all and where species, habitats
and resources from part of a unique heritage that every Filipino is proud
of. WWF champions conservation in areas where biodiversity matters most.
MISSION
WWF-Philippines mission is to stop and eventually reverse the
accelerating degradation of the Philippine environment – to build a future
where Filipinos live in harmony with nature.
2. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation
BACKGROUNDS
The Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Programme (PBCP) is the first
kind in the Phillipines ; initiated in the early 1990s with specific
species conservation programmes, it is now managed by the Philippines
Biodiversity Conservation Foundation (PBCFI)
VISION
The long-term conservation of the Philippines' native and endemic
wildlife and natural habitats for the benefit of future generations of all
peoples who may inhabit and share the natural resources of the country.
MISSION
To enhance and enable the conservation of the Philippines' unique and
threatened environment, biodiversity and natural resources into perpetuity,
through the establishment of integrated biodiversity conservation and
development programs particularly conservation breeding, that include
dissemination of knowledge, management practices and the active
participation and collaboration of relevant stakeholders, particularly
those who are dependent upon the natural resources of the region.
Goals of the Foundation
Conduct research on globally important species
Implement site and habitat conservation programmes
Produce a viable population of captive-bred endemic and threatened
species for release in suitable habitats:
a. Prepare suitable sites for reintroduction
b. Upgrade and keep setting international standards for conservation
breeding facilities
Establish international standards for conservation breeding and
botanical gardens
Mobilize necessary support and resources
Incubate new experts and develop capacity of partner organizations
Produce and raise the standards of conservation communication
4.1.2 Users
User Profile
In this section, the researcher is describing the users according to their
respective roles in the study and how they can affect the proceedings of
the proposed development.
Primary Users
a) Residents - The local residents, people who are native in the town or
are not but have lived most of their lives in the municipality, are the
primary users of the development since they are the direct residents.
They are the core target that will benefit from the different
improvements that the town is planning.
b) Guests - Tourists/Visitors who wish to stay a day or two on the island's
wildlife sanctuary. The accommodations and facilities will give them the
chance to connect with nature once again.
c) Students - Students from different academe and schools who visit the
facility for both educational and entertainment purposes.
d) Volunteers - Compromises of both local and foreign volunteers who are
interested in participating in wildlife conservation to campaign for the
conservation of wildlife.
e) Researchers - Scientists, students, biologists and other related field
who conducts study and take long-term / short-term observations in the
facility to expand their knowledge and research about the biodiversity
of Olango Islands wildlife.
f) Educators - Instructors from different institutions who visit the
complex for educational purposes.
g) Tourists - Both local and foreign visitors who visit the facility to
enjoy the exhibit and to learn more about wildlife conservation.
h) Ornithologist -Someone who is a professional that studies every aspect
of birds, including bird songs, flight patterns, physical appearance and
migration patterns.
i) Marine Biologist - Professionals involved in the studying, observing, or
managing marine organisms may they be microorganisms, plants or animals.
They supervise the entire marine research laboratories.
j) Zoologists and research Staff - They are professionals who conduct
studies of multiple species in a certain ecosystem, population
interactions, and specific species or behaviors. They collect and
analyze date in laboratories or outdoor environments.
Secondary Users
a) Curator - A person who acts as the administrator of the exhibit who
coordinates with every head biologists in developing educational
programs for the facility.
b) Aquarist - A person who specializes in animal care especially for marine
life. They are also responsible for the supervision of preparation of
food for feeding the animals and supervises the maintenance of the
aquarium and presentation of clean exhibits.
c) Aviculturist - Someone who specializes animal care especially for birds.
They keep and breed birds and the culture that forms around it.
Aviculturist is also responsible for preserving avian habitat, and
public awareness campaigns.
d) Tour Guide - Usually locals of the island guide tourists along the
mangrove forest, bird sanctuary, and fish sanctuary. Most guides will be
consisted of the locals so that it could provide livelihood to those who
have none.
e) Maintenance - These people are responsible for the maintenance of the
display tanks, bird cages, exhibits, equipment inside the facility.
f) Technicians / Operators - Technical professionals who are in charge in
making sure the utilities in the facility are in pristine condition and
hazard free.
4.2 Related Building Laws
4.3 Planning and Design Standards
4.3.1 Design Criteria and Considerations
General
All designs are based on concepts and being applied to the design.
All provisions, standards, building type, and requirements that are
being considered are based on the provisions and laws such as the
National Building Code, DENR Administrative Order, Accessibility Law and
City ordinances.
Planning
Space planning should render comfort and convenience to its users
Functional requirements should be considered to accomplish systematic
flow on research
Movement and circulation should be simple and effective for instances
for sudden large concentration of people.
Exhibit Hall/Museum
Materials to be used must follow the standards of DENR Administrative
Order
Flow of movement and circulation of people within the area should be
planned carefully especially for sudden large groups of people.
Sun shading devices will be provided to avoid unnecessary heat and glare
inside the building
Environment of birds and marine animals should be made as natural as
possible.
Laboratories
Office should be separated from the laboratories
Spaces should be very flexible to accommodate different types of
research especially for temporary studies.
Lab-based research programs should at least have 300ft2 of wet or dry
laboratory and an additional 300ft2 for laboratory groups with
increased needs for equipment space, personnel workstation, etc.
Field-based research programs should have ample storage space for field
equipment wheter used in research and/or field courses.
Lab space allocated to researchers with specific laboratory
requirements.
Storage of seedlings of the different kind of mangrove specie should be
provided for easy access and replanting.
Spaces should be accessible to accommodate expansion at any given time.
Shall be provided with fire protection and safety.
Laboratory flooring in chemical use areas and other high hazard areas
shall be chemically resistant.
It shall provide viewing areas into labs from the corridor or in the
doors for educational purposes.
Furniture inside the laboratory such as tables and chair shall be
treated with special materials.
Operations Area
Breeding room shall be made as natural as possible and to receive two
kinds of specie of different sex, mostly likely those endangered birds.
Holding tanks are to be provided to receive new specimen for quarantine.
Work area should be about 3ft. Higher than public floor dedicated by the
height of the average visitor looking into the center of the viewing
glass.
Work area and public area must be well separated.
Storage space for tools, nets, chemicals, etc. Should be provided
4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis
4.4.1 Site Conditions
A. Location
Olango Island is located of Mactan Island in the province of Cebu,
Philippines. It lies between latitudes 10 deg.., 13 minutes and 10 deg., 16
minutes North and between longitudes 124 def., 2 minutes and 124 deg., 4
minutes East. The island is bordered by four bodies of water: the Cebu
Strait in the South, Olango Channel in the East, Camotes Sea in the North,
and Gilutongan Channel in the west. Olango Island is part of the group of
islands/islets known as the olango island group composed of Olango,
Camungi, Pangang-an, Caohangan, Gilutungan and Sulpa. The Olango Wildlife
Sanctuary lies on the southern shores of Olango Island.
B. Access
The province of Cebu can be reached from Manila via Mactan by
airplane or via Cebu City by boat. From Mactan, Olango Island can be
reached by taking private or public land transport to the motorboat
docking station in Maribago, Dapdap or Buot. From Maribago, Dapdap or
Buot, a motorboat leaves every hour for Poo, Sta. Rosa, and Baring, or
Tingo, on Olango Island. The Olango Wildlife Sanctuary can be reached
by tricycle or on foot, Travel by public transport from Cebu City by
bus to the Lapu-Lapu City bus terminal, where tricycles can take
Olango-Bound passengers to the motorboat docking station in Maribago,
Dapdap or Buot. The straight-line distance from Maribago to Sta. Rosa
proper in an east-southeast direction is approximately 5 km.
C. General Description
The island has an area of approximately 1.041 h.a.. It is 3km
across at its widest point and 7.5 km long. It is generally flat with
no portions of the island reaching an elevation of more than 10m above
sea level. Its rock base is coralline limestone and littoral flats
with thin sand or silt substrate or exposed rock base. It extends up
to the fringing foul ground where seagrasses , algae, and coral polyps
dominate. Mangrove forests and coconut groves also occur on the
island.
Its wildlife sanctuary has an area of approximately 1,120 h.a. with a
large intertidal area, forming a veneer up to 20cm deep, over a hard
substrate of coralline limestone. The lower shore consists of soft sandy
mud of p to 10cm deep. The middle shore level is covered with shallower
sand substrate while upper shore level is also covered with sand but with
mangrove shrubland and low woodland growths.
D. Climate
The island has s hot and humid climate with temperatures ranging from
26 deg. To 33 deg. The rainy season is from June to January, with the
heaviest rainfall in November and December. The dry season is from February
to May.
E. Geology
Olango Island and the surrounding small islets are raised coral reefs
nestled atop a bigger coral reef east of Mactan Island. The island is
composed of two (2) lithologic units, the Pilo-Pleistocene Carcar Formation
and the Quarterhary Alluvium, the youngest lithologic unit.
Carcar Formation is typically a porous coralline limestone. It is
characterized by small sinkholes, pitted grooves and branching of
pinnacles, which is suggestive of an in-situ deposition. It is composed
mostly of shell, algae and other carbonate materials. Macro and micro
fossils are abundant in this formation. The alluvium occupies mostly the
coastal areas of the island. The so-called "tidal", the 1,120 hectares
wildlife sanctuary, is overlain by this formation. It is composed mostly of
calcareous sand derived from the weathering of the limestone.
F. Hydrology
Fresh water wells are unsanitary open wells and restricted to the center
of the island. Water from public wells is not enough to support the daily
needs of the people, thus many residents settle for brackish water as
drinking water as drinking water. Those who can afford it, buy fresh water
from vendors, while those who cannot walk to the source and carry water
home.
G. Soil/Substrates
Soils of Olango Island has not been classified. However, nearby Mactan
Island, which has a similar Carcar limestone base has both blackish Faraon
Clay and reddish Bolinao Clay.
H. Views
On the site, the wetland, the sea and the mangroves are the views. The
place is best for enjoying sunsets and sunrise. The place can be enjoyed
with its clear water and white sand. Overall the site is surrounded by
natural views.
I. Power
Electricity Electric power is supplied by the National Power Corporation
(NAPOCOR) and is distributed by the Mactan Electric Company (MECO). There
are 2 generators encased in 1 powerhouse that was built by NAPOCOR in 1994
for Olango Island. Construction is underway for housing another generator.
In 1997, the total number of households with electricity was 555, Barangay
Santa Rosa had the most number of households served (Table 4.10).
Electricity in Olango Island is available for 12 hours only from 12:00 noon
to 12:00 midnight; in the satellite islets, generators or kerosene lamps
are used for lighting. Recently, in Panganan Island, a solar-powered
generator using 1,000 m2 of solar panels, was completed under a Belgium-
funded project making Pangan-an the first island in the Philippines powered
solely by solar energy.
J. Land Use
Most of the island's arable area is planted with coconut, corn, horse
radish, giant ipil-ipil and cassava; coastal areas are used for offshore
fishing and harvesting of some edible seashells and seaweeds. Portions of
the mangrove and adjacent intertidal areas are used as docking sites for
outrigger boats.
K. Infrastructures
Olango Island has an existing sea port which is located in barangay
Sta. Rosa. All barangays are connected by a dirt road. Residential
buildings, resorts and accommodation and other natural destination are
present in the island.
L. ZONING (Olango Wildlife Sanctuary)
4.4.1 SITE ANALYSIS
4.4.2 SWOT ANALYSIS
A SWOT Analysis was carried out considering the site, existing resources
and future potential. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
were separately listed and weighed against each other.
STRENGTHS:
Existing site is flat which makes it easy and flexible.
The site is isolated from crowded area.
Accessible to all kinds of vehicles.
Located at the Wildlife Sanctuary which is rich with natural
views/attraction.
WEAKNESS
The site is too far from the city. It may be hard and would take
too much travel time.
Typhoons, natural calamities and maximum rainfall would cause less
tours, cancelled operations and destruction of materials.
Climate of the site may caused big problems for the proposed
structure.
The road going to the site are not fully developed.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Rich with natural attractions and can be developed as the next
tourist destination.
Proper landscape, zoning of buildings and site development could be
carried out due to good conditions of the site.
This would create a big opportunity to raise the tourism economy in
this part of the town.
THREATS:
Natural calamities are major threats.
When it's low tide the sea level rises to 1 meter.
4.5 Space Programming
4.5.1 List of Spaces
The proposal, Wildlife Conservation Center and Tourism Complex should
contain mainly of laboratories with experimental studies that are
integrated with recreational and educational environment of further
functions such as the library, exhibit halls, aviary, aquarium, and
showrooms. It will also provide room accommodations for visitors who wish
to prolong their stay in the Sanctuary. Thus the whole facility is mainly
divided into three zones:
1. Administrative Department
2. Public Spaces
3. Gallery/Exhibition Area
4. Research Department
5. Maintenance and Utility Zone
Space Requirements
1. Administrative Department
This particular area will serve as the control area. This section controls
the whole facility and is responsible for the supervision of all the
activities within the facility.
"SPACE "FUNCTION CRITERA "DESIGN "USERS "NO. OF "AREA "
" " "CONSIDERATIONS " "USERS " "
"Receiving "-Serves as the " " " " "
"Lounge "receiving area and " " " " "
" "lounging area for " " " " "
" "the administrative " " " " "
" "staff and visitors " " " " "
"Director's "-The main office of " " " " "
"Office "the head Director of" " " " "
" "the administrative " " " " "
" "department " " " " "
"Clerical Area "-Area for clerical " " " " "
" "assistant and staff " " " " "
" "of the " " " " "
" "administrative " " " " "
" "department " " " " "
"Conference "-Space used for " " " " "
"Room "meetings " " " " "
"File & Record "-Storage for filing " " " " "
"Area "important documents " " " " "
"Human Resource"-Provides a space " " " " "
"Division "for HR personnel " " " " "
"Information "-Space that provides" " " " "
"Directors "for storing, " " " " "
"Office "processing, and " " " " "
" "retrieving " " " " "
" "information for " " " " "
" "dissemination at " " " " "
" "regular intervals, " " " " "
" "on demand or " " " " "
" "selectively, " " " " "
" "according to express" " " " "
" "needs of users " " " " "
"Accounting and"-Work space where " " " " "
"Finance Office"accounting and " " " " "
" "financial work are " " " " "
" "held " " " " "
"Storage "-Storage of " " " " "
" "equipment and other " " " " "
"Toilets "-Comfort rooms for "-Proper lighting " " " "
" "male, female and "and ventilation " " " "
" "PWDs' "-Privacy for the " " " "
" " "users " " " "
" " "-Safety and " " " "
" " "security " " " "
2. Public Spaces
This area provides common spaces that are used by users.
"SPACE "FUNCTION CRITERA "DESIGN "USERS "NO. OF "AREA "
" " "CONSIDERATIONS " "USERS " "
"Main Lobby "-Serves as an entry "-Spacious " " " "
" "way from the outside"-Security " " " "
" " "personnel can " " " "
" " "observe all entry" " " "
" " "points " " " "
" " "-Utilize natural " " " "
" " "lighting and " " " "
" " "ventilation " " " "
"Ticketing "-A space where " " " " "
"Booth "tickets for the park" " " " "
" "tour are being sold " " " " "
"Souvenir Shop "-Souvenirs and gift " " " " "
" "items are sold to " " " " "
" "give the visitors a " " " " "
" "piece of remembrance" " " " "
" "from the wetland " " " " "
" "park experience " " " " "
"Cafe/Restauran"-A proper dining " " " " "
"t "area for the " " " " "
" "visitors of the park" " " " "
"Information "-Acts as an " " " " "
"Center "information booth to" " " " "
" "provide asked " " " " "
" "information and " " " " "
" "questions by the " " " " "
" "visitors of the " " " " "
" "facility. " " " " "
"Lounge "-Space that provides" " " " "
" "sofas and relaxable " " " " "
" "seating furniture " " " " "
" "for visitors. " " " " "
"Public Toilets"-Separate common " " " " "
" "toilets for male, " " " " "
" "female and PWDs' " " " " "
"Auditorium "-A space that hosts " " " " "
" "convention meetings " " " " "
" "and seminars for " " " " "
" "research groups or " " " " "
" "tourists. Audio and " " " " "
" "video presentations " " " " "
" "are held here as " " " " "
" "well. " " " " "
"Function Room "-Flexible space for " " " " "
" "hosting different " " " " "
" "kinds of social " " " " "
" "event " " " " "
3. Gallery/Exhibition Area
This area will serve as the center for public awareness and education. This
center will feature a wildlife gallery that consists of bird replicas,
different type of wetlands, etc. That could provide relevant information to
visitors regarding wildlife.
"SPACE "FUNCTION CRITERA "DESIGN "USERS "NO. OF "AREA "
" " "CONSIDERATIONS " "USERS " "
"Living Wetland"-This space is used " " " " "
" "to showcase the " " " " "
" "different kinds of " " " " "
" "wetlands throughout " " " " "
" "the world from the " " " " "
" "poles to the " " " " "
" "tropics. " " " " "
"Bird Replicas "-A space where " " " " "
" "visitors are " " " " "
" "confronted with life" " " " "
" "size replicas of " " " " "
" "birds of different " " " " "
" "species. " " " " "
"Exhibition "-It is where " " " " "
"Area "exhibits and " " " " "
" "photographs " " " " "
" "illustrate the " " " " "
" "richness of our " " " " "
" "wildlife. " " " " "
" "Interactive " " " " "
" "materials are " " " " "
" "available for " " " " "
" "further preservation" " " " "
" "knowledge and " " " " "
" "learning. " " " " "
4. Research Department
This area is allotted for research and experimentation. Management and
documentation of wildlife researches and monitoring efforts will be held
here. Ornithologists and other researchers would be held responsible for
the supervision and management of the areas inside this department.
"SPACE "FUNCTION CRITERA "DESIGN "USERS "NO. OF "AREA "
" " "CONSIDERATIONS " "USERS " "
"Laboratories "-Provides a " " " " "
" "controlled space in " " " " "
" "which scientific " " " " "
" "research, " " " " "
" "experiments and " " " " "
" "observation are " " " " "
" "being held " " " " "
"Preparation "-Preparation of " " " " "
"Lab "experimental studies" " " " "
" "will be held in this" " " " "
" "lab before entering " " " " "
" "and bringing them " " " " "
" "into specific and " " " " "
" "assigned " " " " "
" "laboratories within " " " " "
" "the research center " " " " "
"Wet Lab "-Used for analysis " " " " "
" "of biopsy samples " " " " "
" "involving liquid " " " " "
" "solutions " " " " "
"Dry Lab "-Used for all other " " " " "
" "analysis like " " " " "
" "histology, anatomy, " " " " "
" "general biology, and" " " " "
" "other fields of " " " " "
" "research to be " " " " "
" "conducted " " " " "
"Genetic Chem "-Used for genetic " " " " "
"Lab "and other analysis " " " " "
" "like hormones and " " " " "
" "spectrometry that " " " " "
" "require higher " " " " "
" "safety and sterile " " " " "
" "location. " " " " "
"Necropsy Area "-Area used for the " " " " "
" "examination and " " " " "
" "autopsy of dead " " " " "
" "wildlife animals to " " " " "
" "determine their " " " " "
" "cause of death or " " " " "
" "changes producted by" " " " "
" "the disease. " " " " "
"X-Ray Area "-Used for two and " " " " "
" "three dimensional " " " " "
" "visualization of " " " " "
" "internal structure " " " " "
" "for research topics " " " " "
"Equipment Lab "-A space where all " " " " "
"Room "equipment can be " " " " "
" "stored and build " " " " "
" "controlled " " " " "
" "temperature and " " " " "
" "humidity mould and " " " " "
" "dust filters " " " " "
"Sterilizing "-Serves as the " " " " "
"Room "sanitizing room " " " " "
" "where researchers " " " " "
" "would sterilize and " " " " "
" "clean themselves " " " " "
" "before entering and " " " " "
" "leaving such " " " " "
" "laboratories. " " " " "
"Freezers "-Used to store " " " " "
" "animal samples to " " " " "
" "preserve and prevent" " " " "
" "quick decay. " " " " "
"Storage Area "-To store samples " " " " "
" "that are preserved " " " " "
" "in Formalin or other" " " " "
" "volatile chemical " " " " "
" "preservatives. " " " " "
" "Researchers can use " " " " "
" "this room for " " " " "
" "temporary storage of" " " " "
" "their samples. " " " " "
"Mini Library "-Serves as the " " " " "
" "record room for " " " " "
" "keeping and data " " " " "
" "collection. " " " " "
"Conference "-Used for small " " " " "
"Room "gatherings of the " " " " "
" "users with room " " " " "
" "amenities for audio " " " " "
" "and visual " " " " "
" "presentations. " " " " "
"Offices "-Work space for " " " " "
" "researchers " " " " "
"Accommodation "-Used for " " " " "
"Spaces "researchers who have" " " " "
5. Maintenance and Utility Zone
"SPACE "FUNCTION CRITERA "DESIGN "USERS "NO. OF "AREA "
" " "CONSIDERATIONS " "USERS " "
"Mechanical "-Used for storing " " " " "
"Room "mechanical equipment" " " " "
"Electrical "-Provides the space " " " " "
"Room "that distributes " " " " "
" "electricity to the " " " " "
" "facility " " " " "
"Water Quality "-This room will " " " " "
"Test room "conduct tests " " " " "
" "procedures required " " " " "
" "for the observation " " " " "
" "of proper salinity. " " " " "
"Storage Room "-Used to store " " " " "
" "equipment and other " " " " "
" "tools necessary for " " " " "
" "the proper " " " " "
" "organization of the " " " " "
" "facility equipment. " " " " "
"Janitors "-Small area used to " " " " "
"Closet "store the " " " " "
" "materials/tools of " " " " "
" "the janitor " " " " "
"Maintenance "-Work space for the " " " " "
"Office "maintenance staff " " " " "
CHAPTER 5
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
Correspondences
CV
