A Matrix of Philippine Educational System EDUCATIONAL
BRIEF HI HISTORY
EDUCATIONAL PR PROGRAM
PERIOD
EDUCATIONAL
LEGAL MANDATES
PROPONENTS
PRACTICES
Pre – Spanish The early Filipinos ♪ Rituals and ceremonies are were already civilized, consider as program that time before the Spanish came ♪ For conformity and conquer our country. They had government, laws, education, writing, literature, religion, customs and traditions, commerce and industries and arts and services.
♪ Apprenticeship – at home ♪ Knowledge and skills ♪ Institutionalized – religious and imitation ♪ Attending religious rituals and ceremonies
♪ Code of Kalantiaw ♪ Parents ♪ Based on elderly rule of the ♪ Elders chief in the barangay ♪ Babaylan and Katalona
Spanish
Almost 333 years, ♪ Elementary Education colonize the Philippines . Parochial Schools They are after the 3G’s Visitas (chapel) God - religion ♪ Secondary Education Gold – treasure Seminarios – religious Glory - power vocation Beaterios – for girls Institutes Colegios ♪ Higher Education UST – Collegio de Sto. Rosario 1995 – World Youth Day - Mass in Quirino Grandstand and UST (Pope John Paul II) Collegio de San Jose
♪ Royal Decree of 1863 (Educational Act of 1863) Establishment of a complete system of education in the country comprising of elementary, secondary and collegiate levels The provision of government supervision and control of these schools The establishment of teacher training institutions instituti ons
♪ Spanish missionaries
American Regime Treaty of Paris –Public School System December 10, 1898 , ♪ Mass Education terminated the Spanish- ♪ Elementary American raging in Cuba Education and the Philippines were ♪ Secondary ceded to the United Education States by Spain for the♪ Higher Education paltry sum of US♪ Vocational million. Education
♪ English language was ♪ First Philippine used as a medium of Commission (President instruction. William McKinley, April 7, ♪ New subject areas were 1900) introduced -reading, Bring about an era of a writing, arithmetic, new form of colonial language, good manners governance over a longand right conduct, civics, oppressed people. hygiene and sanitation, ♪ Educational Act No. 34 gardening, domestic (January 21, 1901) science, American Established the History and Philippine Department of Public History. Instruction ♪ American textbooks and ♪ Organic Act of 1916 reading materials were Department of Public the only educational Instruction is headed by a materials used. secretary. ♪ Technical/ vocational ♪ Act No. 74 – Educational skills were emphasized. Act of 1901 ♪ “Thomasites” were the ”Organic School Law” of first teacher. the Philippines ♪ Grade seven was Continuance of included. public/private schools Prohibits teacher from teaching religion ♪ Act No. 3162 & 3196 Munroe Survey Commission in 1925
♪ Thomasites ♪ President William McKinley
Evaluate the entire educational system they set up ♪ Concurrent Resolution No. 17 in the Philippine Legislature in 1925 Public schools were designed to promote the establishment of selfgoverning Philippine state, independent and democratic ♪ Act 477 – Bureau of Education ♪ Act 2708 – Government inspection and supervision of private school obligatory ♪ Act 2957 Board of Textbook
Commonwealth Period
Commonwealth started in 1935 with Manuel L. Quezon as the president. “Preparatory period” that would enable the Filipinos to deserve independence.
♪ Formal Institution of the Adult Education (called nonformal education) – Transfer the vocational-industrial education program from the formal to non-formal system.
♪ “Filipino” language was ♪ Commonwealth ♪ Manuel L. Quezon used as the medium of Act No. 80 in 1963 – Office instruction of Adult Education ♪ Vocational schools ♪ Commonwealth Act No. 4 were made more similar – ROTC in curriculum to ♪ Executive Order No. 17 Academic schools (Quezon Code of Ethics) – ♪ Celebration of National Foundation stone of Language Week every emerging philosophy of the August. Philippine Education system. ♪ 1935 Constitution moral character personal discipline civic conscience vocational efficiency citizenship training
Japanese Occupation
World War II ♪ It started when the naval of bombers attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in December 1941. The United States declared war against
♪ re – opening of Elementary Schools ♪ re – opening of vocational and normal schools ♪ institutions of higher learning giving courses in agriculture, medicine, fisheries and engineering
♪ Executive Order No. 2 ♪ Jose P. Laurel - basic principles of required teachers to education obtain licenses after to make the people undergoing a rigid understand the position examination of the Philippines as a encouraged the member of East Asia propagation of Tagalog as Co-Prosperity Sphere the national language to eradicate the old idea of reliance upon the Western nations ♪ there was a strict to promote friendly censorship of textbooks relations between Japan and other learning and Philippines materials to endeavor to require that majority of ♪ the teachers were to elevate the morals of the governing board of any become condescending the people giving up the school, college or mouthpieces of Japanese overemphasis on university be Filipino propaganda materialism citizens to strive for the diffusion of Japanese language in the Philippines to terminate the use of English in due course ♪ Japanese language is popularize to terminate the use of English ♪ Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs & games
Japan . As a consequence of this war the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. Because Philippines is a colony of America . For three years the Filipinos suffered (January 3, 1942 – July 5, 1945). ♪ The Fall of Bataan (Death March) – April 9, 1942
to put an importance to the diffusion of elementary education and to the promotion of vocational education to inspire the people with the spirit to love labor
The march started from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando , Pampanga where many Americans and Filipinos died. ♪ The Fall of Corrigedor – May 6, 1942 Corrigedor fell in the hands of the Japanese ♪ Puppet Government – where Japanese Military Chief governs Jose P. Laurel is he president of the Philippines during that time
Third Republic
Manuel Roxas is the ♪ the concept of academic ♪ moral character ♪ Article XIV, section 5 of first president of the freedom the quality of a person the 1935 Constitution Third Republic . During only universities that guides his thinking, ♪ Commonwealth Act his administration he established by the State behavior and relationships No.586 (Educational Act of granted general amnesty ♪ religious instruction in the with others 1940) to those who had public schools ♪ personal discipline meet the increasing collaborated with the demand for public school optional and its an inner force that Japanese in World War implementation would have to inhibits a person from teacher II. Elpidio Quirino was be in accordance with what doping what is right to his shifting morning and elevated to the was already authorized by the welfare as well as to the afternoon class presidency when Roxas existing law welfare of others died of heart attack in ♪ the creation of scholarships ♪ civic conscience 1948. in 1953, Ramon in the arts, sciences and letters social concern and Magsaysay was elected. was for specially gifted involvement in the He is known as the “Man citizens society of the Masses”. He died for those who posses a ♪ vocational efficiency in an airplane crash in certain level of capability for productivity March 1957. carlos academic studies and are ♪ complete and adequate Garcia succeeded to the unable to afford the cost of system of public presidency after college education education Magsaysay’s death. changes with the changing time and the changing needs of changing human beings
His administration emphasized the
♪ Manuel Roxas ♪ Elpidio Quirino ♪ Ramon Magsaysay ♪ Carlos Garcia ♪ Diosdado Macapagal
nationalist theme of “Filipino First”, arguing that the Filipino people should be given the chance to improve the country’s economy. Diosdado Macapagal was elected president in the 1961 election. He changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, to honor the day Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain in 1898.
New Society
♪ First Term ♪ Individual as a useful member of society infrastructure development (road Government’s book construction, bridges, program MERALCO, PNR, ♪ Education for all Nawasa, PLDT) ♪ Integrated System of Education convention centers (CCP, PICC, Folk Arts National College Entrance Theatre, PhilTrade, Examination (NCEE) National Arts Center ) Youth Civic Action successful drive Program (YCAP) against smuggling Bilingual Policy Program in 1968, Philippines ♪ Productivity become self-sufficient in ♪ Emphasis on Research rice production ♪ Responsiveness to changing needs and conditions Land reform was given to 3,739 farmers ♪ Quality education Philippines became a ♪ Non-formal education ♪ Optional Religious member of ASEAN instruction
♪ Elementary/Primary – 6yrs Boys and girls (6-12 y/o) 7-5pm weekdays ♪ High School/Secondary Boys and girls (12-16 y/o) 7-5pm weekdays ♪ College/University /Tertiary Boys and girls (16/up) ♪ Vocational
♪ Executive Order No. 202in ♪ Ferdinand Edralin 1969 – Presidential Marcos Commission to Study Philippine Education (PCSPE) ♪ Presidential Decree 6-a (amended by PD 12350 – EDPITAF (Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force) ♪ Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 ♪ PD 1139 – expanded from Commonwealth Act No. 80 ♪ 1973 Constitution Article XV Sec. 8 ♪ Educational Act of 1982 ♪ PD 1 – Integrated Reorganization Plan of 1972 Bureau of Elementary Education Bureau of Secondary Education
♪ State Supervision and Control of Schools – Minister ♪ Second Term of Education Culture and criticisms followed his Sports (MECS) ♪ NESC – New Elementary victory (human rights School Curriculum violation, corruption, high student tuition fees, military abuse)
January 1970: Battle ♪ NSEC – New Secondary of Mendiola June 1971: ConCon is Education Curriculum held to review the 1935 ♪ PRODED – Program for Decentralized Educational Constitution Development Plaza Miranda Bombing The 1973 Constitution was brought Proclamation of 1081 (Martial Law)
Bureau Of Technical And Vocational Education Bureau of Higher Education Bureau of Continuing Education
Aquino After the Marcos ♪ Adult Education Program ♪ To improve the quality ♪ R.A 6728 – Act providing ♪ Corazon C. administration, the ♪ Non formal Education and increase the Government Assistance to Aquino events that followed ♪ Technical and Vocational relevance of education Students and Teachers in happed one after another Education and training Private education – July 10, with lightning speed. ♪ Physical Education and ♪ To increase access of 1989 Since Marcos and his School Sports disadvantaged groups in ♪ E.O No. 27 – July 4, 1986 family left the State, and ♪ Scholarships and incentives all educational areas ♪ E.O No.189 – June 10, no one will lead the ♪ Free Public Education in ♪ To accelerate the 1987 country, Gen. Ramos Elementary and High school development of middle ♪ Philippine Constitution and Sec. Enrile declared ♪ ESCS – Educational Service and high level manpower 1987 – Article XIV; Sec. 1-2 their new choice of Contracting Scheme required by economic ♪ R.A 7104 – Comm. On president to succeed ♪ SEDP - Secondary recovery and sustainable Filipino Language Marcos, Corazon Education Developmental growth as well as enhance ♪ R.A 6959 – Provincial Aquino, the widow of Program their employability, Centers for Science and Benigno Aquino. She productivity, and selfTechnology took her oath of office to reliance become the new leader of the country in Club Filipino at Greenhills. She immediately set up a new constitution that was speedily written and reorganized. It was ratified on February 2, 1987 .
Even the entire
Fidel V. Ramos
National election was ♪ Early Childhood Care and ♪ grade 1-6 years old ♪ R.A 8047 – Book ♪ Fidel V. Ramos held on May 11, 1992 Development program ♪ National School Publishing Industry under the Saligang Batas ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Enrolment day Development Act – June, 1986. It was the first Education Project ♪ Increase in number of 1995 time in the Philippine ♪ NEAT – National schooldays ♪ R.A 7722 – CHED – May history to have many Elementary Achievement Test ♪ Science / Science and 18, 1994 candidates in all ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Technology ♪ R.A No. 7743 – June 17, positions and political Assessment Test ♪ Computer-base 1994 – establishing parties who wanted to ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for information municipal libraries and brgy. serve the country. Basic Education reading centers Miriam Santiago was ♪ CET ♪ R.A 7731 – abolishing one of them. She was ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic NCEE (NSAT to NAT) supported and loved by Education ♪ R.A 7784 – Act Strengthen many of her constituents, ♪ Book Publishing Industry Teacher Education by especially the youths in Establishing Centers of Manila . But when the Excellence, Creating a votes from Mindanao Teacher Education Council were counted, Pres. for the purpose, Aquino declared the hero Appropriating Funds of People’s Revolution Thereof, and for other and former Chief of purposes – Aug. 4, 1994 Constabulary, Fidel V. ♪ R.A 7796 – TESDA – Ramos as the new Aug. 25, 1994 president to succeed her. ♪ R.A. 7836 – Philippine It was June 22, 1992 . Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
He took his oath of office on June 30, 1992 in the Freedom
♪ R.A 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
Grandstand at Luneta. Under his term, a flurry of education reforms were being rushed to completion
♪ R.A 8190 – Granting priority appointment or assignment to public school teacher who reside in a brgy., municipality or city near the school ♪ R.A 8491 – Prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat of arms and other heraldic items and devices ♪ R.A 8492 – Establishing the national museum system and providing for its permanent home ♪ R.A. 8496 – Establishing the Philippine Science High School System ♪ R.A. 8525 – Establishing adopt-a-school program ♪ School for the Future (SOF) – school using multimedia technology
Joseph Estrada
♪ “Erap para sa ♪ Bureau of Elementary Mahirap” Education ♪ Philippine Daily Multigrade Program In Inquirer Philippine Education ♪ Corruption charges and Preschool Service Impeachment Contracting Program ♪ EDSA II Revolution SPED Personnel
♪ Starts from June and ♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of ♪ Joseph Ejercito ends in March Basic Education Act Estrada ♪ Nursery up to ♪ D.O No. 56, s. 2001 – Kindergarten (age 4) Policy on Educational Field Trips learn basic things ♪ D.O No. 54, s. 2001 – through drawing and Revision of “Panatang other playful activities 1-3 hrs of school and Makabayan” Enhancement Program ♪ D.O No. 51, s. – Collection usually in morning Resource Materials of School Publication Fees ♪ Primary or Elementary Development for Children ♪ D.O No. 45, s. 2001 – with Special Needs (CSNs) Schools (age 6-12) revision of Alphabet and Early Intervention Program usually 6 years of Guide in Spelling of for Children with Disabilities schooling but some school adds an additional Philippine Language Standards for Quality ♪ D.O No. 35, s. 2001 – level Elementary Education average hours spent in Payment of Teachers (SQEE) ♪ PCER – Presidential school is 6 ♪ Bureau of Secondary Commission on Educational the level of primary Education reform school are grouped into Three Division 1.Curriculum Development two primary subdivisions: 2. Staff Development Division the Primary Level and the 3. Population Education Unit Intermediate Level shifting of classes is CS-PST (Community done by subdivisions or Service and Public Safety by alternate Training) (odd/even) levels
TSD-MSP (Thinking Skills
curriculum includes the
Development for Maximized core subjects (Math, Cognitive Development) English and Makabayan) Teacher Training Program and other subjects Adopt-A-School Program (Science, Music, Arts and PE) SIP (Self-Instructional international schools/ Packages) in SRA (Social Chinese schools have Reform Agenda) Provinces BP-OSA (Balik-Paaralan additional subjects para sa Out-of-School Adults) English in the teaching medium Project EASE (Effective NEAT and Affordable Secondary ♪ Secondary School or Education) High School (age 12-17) School Based Education Indigenized/Localization of 4 years of schooling and has 4 levels the Secondary Education schooling is Curriculum compartmentalized RHGP (Revitalized hours spent in school Homeroom Guidance ranges from8-12 Program) including vacant periods Population Education NSAT Program; PEPTALK ♪ Bureau of Physical Education and School Sports
♪ Tertiary School (age17School Sports Competition 21) Program either colleges or
Physical Education Curriculum Materials Development Program Teachers/Coaches/ Trainors/ Officiating Office Training Program Special Project and International Participation ♪ National Education Testing and Research Center National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT)
Philippine Validating Test
universities amount of time spent in school varies depending on how many subjects will be taken up each day and how long will each take schooling is cosmopolitan subjects that will be taken up depends on the academic degree program chosen by the student
Arroyo ♪ Succession in 2001 ♪ Oakwood Mutiny ♪ The 2004 Election and Subsequent Rigging Allegations ♪ Foreign policy and “war on terror” ♪ Charter Change ♪ State of Emergency
(PVT) Accreditation and Equivalency Program (AEP) Accelerated Learning Program for Elementary Schools (ALPES) ♪ School Health and Nutrition Center Health and Nutrition Education National Drug Education Program TB Prevention and Control Program School Milk Project Breakfast Feeding Program
♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of Basic Education ♪ Gloria Macapagal ♪ D.O No.1, s. 2006 – Creation and Composition of Arroyo the Student Crime Prevention Committee ♪ D.O No.7, s. 2006 – Reiterating the Prohibition of the practice of hazing and the operation of fraternities and sororities in elementary and secondary schools ♪ D.O No. 48, s. 2006 – Observance of safety Measures in Science Laboratories
ANALYSIS:
♪ D.O No. 41, s. 2007 – Guidelines on the utilization and Liquidation of school based repair and maintenance fund under CY. 2007 Budget ♪ D.O No. 43, s. 20002 – The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
The Educational system of the Philippines was influenced by the colonializations of Spanish, Americans and from the previous presidents up to the present. The educational programs and practices in every period have their own approach in teaching though others are the same in such aspects. The colonializations of Spaniards to the Philippines have brought structure and order not only to the educational system but also to the country itself. The religion was brought. The learning was transferred to generation and up to now. The Americans contributed more in making laws and restructuring the educational practices. As different periods and president comes, the curriculum is getting intensive and comprehensive that brought us new subjects and strategies on how to improve the educational system.
IMPLICATION: Since the colonialization of the Spaniards, Americans up to Japanese until the different president comes, I could say that little by little, the education has evolved. Different educational program arose: ♪ Elementary Education ♪ Vocational Education Parochial Schools ♪ Mass Education Visitas (chapel) ♪ Secondary Education ♪ Elementary Seminarios – religious vocation Education Beaterios – for girls ♪ Secondary Institutes Education Colegios ♪ Higher Education ♪ Higher Education♪ Early Childhood Care and Development program ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project ♪ NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education ♪ CET ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic Education ♪ Book Publishing Industry All of that are still use today and still be using for the next generation.
