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Beef Cattle Production In Notheast Thailand

Philip James McKenzie

     m   m       P Dm  Dm S

 U  Dm  1998



































Abstract Nothat haila a lag platau o latil itil oil i a aa o taitioal  cattl cattl amig. h gio ha u ugo go a api poc o phica phicall ocia a coom co omic ic chag i th pat o o a. Cl aig o ot uig thi thi  pio a th  lopmt o w iat iatuctu uctu paticula patic ulal l oaig ha ica i ca th ll l l o huma ttlmt a op w agicutual aa o coppig. Agicutual gowth ha  maitai  opig up w la aa icaig th pouctio o ic th pomiat cop a iiig ito w comot cop uch a caaa a ka Whil agicultual gowh ha  utatial uig thi pio iutial gowth ha  hi gh.  cai caigl gl ma am am ami amilili  om om th Nothat ow wok o o pat pat o th a  i ua ua mplomt o  tmpoa tmpoailil  mi gati gatig g to Bagkok th ct ct  o iutal actii actiit. t.

h gomt ha ought to ii agicultual pouctio awa om ic a oth cooit co oit cop towa towa  mo iti a a high au agicul tual acti actiiti iti   ocu  o i iic icatio atio actiit ha  i th t h poot o o  cattl amig amig to mt icai i caigg ma o o  o ua coum. h h  th th  w om o th th al pojct which ha  iplmt to o o a th ociocoomic cotxt with i  which th ha ha occu. occu. tail ach ach wa wa cai cai out i ix i illll ag i Nothat haila uig th pio 35 with a ollow up iit i Ju a Jul

 Chagig patt o la u ocial a coomic coito ha alt th wa i which catt a am am Cattl Cat tl ow ha  acc to commo  gazig la a a a am a a auct to coppig actiiti. hi ail to utl cop -pouct a act a a to o utu co a  a mpotat  am.

o citcal iu w iti that ha lac to thi go a lwh. h t  th ticato o th appopat appopat ol o  cattl witi agcultu a wt h loca a atoal atoal t o lopmt. h co i th opmt o





































Acknowldgmnts h a a lag um o popl popl a ogaiatio who  th autho  gatl thak. Without thi aitac aitac it woul ot ha   poil to utak utak thi tu. Fi t a omot omot th  il lag that  wok with i i  Sui Su i poic a th ta ta o th Nothat haila Fouatio Fouatio Wi Without thout thi thi coopatio it woul ot ha ha  poil to gath gath  th aic ata  ata o o th tu h hi i goit a th oppotuit to ha ha oo oo hlt a tial tial with thm wa a hoou a ma happ occaio a xpic will log  mm

Poo Po o Chaicha Woga Wogamu mu at Kho Ka Uiit U iit poi a alual oitatio to ha  hailil a a a th Nothat a ha  a c otat i i a poit poi t o  c ic that pio M Jitaa J itaa Itamokol Itamokol a Dicto o th Dpatmt Dpatmt o Li toc tock k Sui Big Statio alo poi alual iomatio cotact a uppot a i M Chaiag Chai ag Paikaw a Dicto o th Dpatmt Dpatmt o Litock  oa oag g ach ctio ctio at ha P h haa i Kho Ka a lattl i Bagkok.

Poo oh to a upio poi aual commt a aic uig th ppaatio o thi thi h uppot poi  m mplo Lacop Famig i alo gatul gat ull l ackowlg Fial l l th couagm couagmt t a citical aali poi   m wi wi  F ioa wa wa a tial tial l mt i th comp ltio o thi thi .



































V

Table of Contents Pag itl pag Atact



Ackowlgmt



al o Cott

V

Li t o al al

V

Lit oFigu

X

Aiatio

X

Gloa

X

Chapt Cha pt  - Ito Itouc uctio tio

Chapt Chap t wo - K acto acto i Pomotig B Cattl Pouctio a Stm St m o o  Pouctio

5

K acto i P omotig B att Poucto

5

Cultu a aitio

6

Icti

6

Social a Cultual Icti

6

Cattl a a Cultu



Locatio Icti



Rouc



La Aailaiit Aaila iit a La u u



Cit



Laou



iicatio

5

titutioa Facto

6

ach a a xtio  xtio

6

artig a Poci

8



































V

I mpot Sutituo Sutituo



Suii a Ecoomic Icti



tatioal a a Cc l o Cattl Cattl Pouctio colog

 

Mchai actio



Impo Aimal alth Stm



m po po a I igou B o Cattl

3

Poucto Stm



w

24

Lal w o Litock

6

Aal Cop arm



Litock Kpi g Cop am am 



Coppig Stm with Litock



omaic a ahumac Paoalit

8

Commcal Rachig



Summa

Chapt Chap t h h - R Ra ach ch thoolog

3

Slctio o th agt agt Vil lag

31

itatio ita tio a  tt ttutio utioal al Li k

3

Pma Rach

3

h Polm I Soluo gam gam

36

Summar

38

Chap Chap   ou - hala halad d ad th orth ortha a  Cox Cox

haa

3 3





































Villag aagmt

2

Pulic Scto



Piat Pia t Scto Scto 

6

a it

6

Ric Pouctio

47

Ric Vaiti

8

Ric a icatio

8

Agicultual iicatio

8

Natioal lopmt Pla

52

Agicultu a Iutiali atio

55

Cattl   Cattl at atuctu uctu

57

Cattl Num

57

Pouctio Stm

6

Mak Ma ktig tig a Pocig

6

Caacttic Caac ttic o t Notat

6

Gogap I Climat

63

Dmogap

65

Rgioal Icom

65

Rgioal Statg

67

Summa

Capt Ca pt Fi  - B B Catl i  o oa a  ail ail a a

tock Sctor riw

68

7

7



































V

Cit

78

Vi llag Actiiti Actiiti

79

Cot a Rt

8

B cattl

83

Villag atio

83

Polm a Sotio Aali Polm

85

Catt Nm Nm 

88

Villag Cattl Maagmt

9

Aimal alth

9

Poctio

92

Maktig

93

Ct Attit to Cattl

94

B Cattl P Pojct ojct i th Notha Nothat t

95

Poct Po ct to G  a I a Khiow

95

BAAC - Mi ita p pooj ct

98

Pojct Po jct NG N G a Gomt  olig Rolig F F  a Cattl Bak Agicltal Rtctig Poct

99



 tittioal Appoa Appoach ch a Attit

2

Smma

5

Chapt Chapt  Si - Smm Smma a a a Coclio

7

c

 



































V

List of Tabes Pag al 2. 3.

p  p o  Cattl an Litock Pouction Stm

26

ntitution Viit Duing Rach Complt  99 993- 3- 995 an an  99 9977







Aaa Sown i n Pa A Pa Ric Slct Slct  Ya Ya om om  95 -  99

47

2

Nation Nat ional al Utiliation Utiliation o C Cop oppi ping ng Lan Lan  96    99

49

.3

Sha Sha  o Slct Cop   Rgion

5

4 .4

Go Domtic P ouct (GDP (G DP Sha an an Ra Gowth  Scto 5 3

.5

Pcntag Pcn tag Sha o G o National National Pouct (GNP an Emplomnt  Scto an Scto  96- 99

.6

56

Cattl an Bu a Cattl aoo Num N um o o hailan hai lan an th N othat 988-996

58

.7

Cattl an Bu Bualo Num o o Suin P oinc  989 -  997

59

8

Aag A ag Cah Cah ncom o Fa Fam m Houhol Houhol  976/77  99  /92

66

5

Stu Vil lag Stu lag - Num o o Houho Houhol l Population Population Ag o Villag an Ethnic I Linguitic Backgoun

5.2

Stu Vill ag Stu ag - Lan Rou Rouc c A Aa a

5 .3

Stu Vi l ag - Rang o o niiual a am m Si Si  an Lan it Dtail

5 .4

Pict Annual Go Magin Summa o Slct Cop

5.5

Fi nancial Ealuation o  h h  Di D int Litock Li tock an Copping ption

7 78

78 8

82



































List of Figures Pag Figu .

Map o haila Showig Ajoiig Couti a Fiv Mai Amiitativ Rgio

2

Ditict a Villag Amiitativ tuctu withi haila

3

Govmt Mi iti Dpat Dpatmt mt a a Stat w Etpi Et pi I volv i Ru Rual al Dvopmt

.

 3

5

Pctag Ditiutio o Agicultu a Mauactuig GDP 96-993

52

.5

 i Natioal Natioal Bu alo a a Catt Num Num  972 972  996

57

.6

Map o No Noth tha att haila

62

.7

Sui ovic ovic ota Raial Raial a a Da o Rai  995

6

5.

Map o Sui Sui Povic

72

5.2

Coppig Cal a Showig Da o Laou Laou  volv i Fou Cop tm

53

Li vtock Extio E xtio a a att o o  Agicul Agicultu tu R Rtu tuctuig ctuig  ojct ojct

8 



































X

bbreviations A

Aia  titt o colog

BMA

 Bago Mtopol ita Atoit

CA

Caaia Caai a  tatioal lopmt lopmt Aoci atio

C

Cot ac igt



Caaia Caai a NG  lopmt gaiatio

L

 Dpartmt o Litock lopm lopmtt

AE

 partmt o Agicltal Extio

SE

Dtc Dt c Sti St ig g    t tatioal atioal Etwiclg Gma oatio o  t ta atioal tioal opmt

A

oo a Agic lt gaiatio o t U it Natio

SR

amig S tm Rac

GA

Gal Agmt o ai a a

GDP

Go omtic Poct

GNP

Go Natio Natioa a Poct

BR

tatioal Bak o Rcotctio a lopmt

LCA

tatioal itock Ct o Aica

RR

tal Rat o Rt

CA

Japa Jap a  tatioal Co opatio opatio Agc

KKU

o Ka U iit

NESB

Natioal Ecoom ic a Social lopm lopm  Boa

NE

Not Eat ail Not  ail a a oatio





































Glossary Amu

Ditict iti n a Poinc

at

nit o Cuncy Cuncy Fo t iod o a ac c t at a d to t nitd tat tat  Do la (  D25

an

illa

Canat

Poinc

an

m n n to ot otat at ailand ncomain ion lanua and cultual cultual idntity. omtm n a Ea I an  a o Ian dndn on t tanlitation om ai cit

Ian Ko Po Pojc jctt imlmntd to to dlo dlo t otat. Litally  Gn otat



































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Chapter One Introdction I ct  ct ya ya  t a   co c octd ctd  o to oot cattl oductio o ductio i oa  oatt ailad i ti ocu o t ol o  cattl witi t aicultual ytm ad o iitiati iitiati  to oot   cattl cattl oductio i otat otat ailad.  o o cti o t i ti i to tali t t cotai cotait t tat it to imoi  cattl cattl o oduc ductio tio wy ty a limiti ad wat tati may  ollowd to io t ad utu ii tiat tiati. i. It coid coi d ta tatt maco maco ad mico o ici i m mtd to om omot ot icad icad ai ai  o  cattl may ot a u y accoutd o cad oci oco ocoomi omicc codit co ditio io amo t  il la la  ty a  tatd tatd ci c al ally ly t  ct o a att omt aicultual ad idutial dlomt oicy ad ici olicy o iut ad outut may a ld illa to maimi am ad ouold icom i aa ot o o itdd

I od to ac a i  omd omd udtadi o t toic t ol olowi owi acto wic a od citi cal to t oall oall owt o t  cat cattl tl iduty i duty a dicud i



































2 nc o tadtional catt amin to coma it nt day oduction. condly  a con conomcally omcally t  oot ion ion i n ailand it a com t ocu ocu o nation nati onal al  ot to  mo unt an d  cti cti  mau to undta to li li t lit li t o t otat il la la  (Gandta (Gandta  98 8     On o t main ol olicy icy initi ati a a  n to omot omot an i nca nca i n cattl amin iin a nt lanc lanc to ti in tiation. o  u uul ul t o t am am  o t o oj ct a to  dind in a ay tat cat to t nd and intt o  t tat ou. B id id in ta tat t ou cic t ojct alo nd to  contt cic tat i ty nd to t in to t aicultual ytm in ic ty a oatin. idly o to ya and i mont duin duin t iod iod uly  993 to om om  995 t auto auto o od d in ailand a a litoc ci cial al it (imaily it   cattl it  t  (o (ot t at ailand Foundation a ai-ad GO (on Gomnt Oaniation in uin oinc. A oll o u iit i it a mad mad in un an andd uly  997 to cay cay out ut ut  ld o 

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otat ailand occuyin an aa aa o  7  q qua ua  ilomt i t la lat t o ailil and   main io a ion n  oulation o t o oa at t i timatd timatd at  9 m ill ion ol  it t maj maj oity liin in clutd c lutd ual illa i lla o on t i uan in ( D B/IA ( B/IA  99 993 3 . moay moay miation o o o o outid t il la o ion i



































3 mad oth livto a ut thi thi do ot dtai thi dvlomt Both odutio odut io ad i o o ad l ivto i t ya ya hav dl d. t th am tim ual oowig ha iad ladig to al aial diulti o may houhold hou hold ahit  ahitah ah  5 . Ra Rao otatio tatio with a hot hot otatio ualytu ualytu gim i iaig ia ig ad i i  om a thi  ha aud otov otovy y a u u  ol with iu i u  hav hav gaid ttl to th dgadd ot. hi lad om omia ially lly agd to th Datmt o F o oty ty ha  ud y uoudig v il lag o gaig o i may a o tal tal ihi ihig g w villag vil lag y tho who hav od od th lad. h hav alo  allgatio that th ualytu latig ha uh lowd th wat tal.

Fo m ay ya thi gio wa ivd y th govmt a a aa o ommuit iugy.  outom o govmt ot to qull ay iugy o that o iugy wa a aatd oadig ad iatutu dvlomt ogamm whih ha h ld to t mulat gowth gowth uat   . uh  uh o th oadig ad a atu tutu tu  ha ultd i ou movig out o th gio to th aital Bago ot idutial idut ial dvomt ha ta ta l a i th aita. h govmt  ow tyig to ouag  ouag gowth o iduty away om om Bago wth i i tv tv  to t u w iduty i th othat ad oth gio. omaativly t oltial tality i th



































 u tt ad olii ol ii  ad th ol ol  that  attl amig amig hav hav had ithi ith i thi th i a amo mo hat Fiv idti  th y otait to iaig o iti ig attl odutio i th otha othat t ith ith i th ut oiooomi a amo mo hi i ahi d y dtai dtai ig ad diu ig data om om ah ah aid aid out y th autho i ix villa vi lla g i otht otht hailad. Di uio ad  ah ah aid ou t ith xtio ol  ad oliy ma i alo di ud  outl o vaiou o ojj t iitiativ iiti ativ t i thi gio  gio a td ad diud. hat Six o lud ith a ummay ummay vi o at iit iativ to ia  attl oduto  oduto a add o  olu luio io da om om th ah td





































5

Chapter Two Key Factors Factors in Pro Prooting oting Beef Cattle Deelop Deelopent ent and Systes of Production hi hat xami th ol o   hi  attl imai imai ly i dvloig dvlo ig outi though a a aay aa y i o two thm  th y ato ato ivolvd ivo lvd i omotig omot ig  attl dvlomt dv lomt ad odly odly a i  aalyi aalyi o ytm ytm o  attl odutio oatig oatig glo a ally lly  h hat wi wi ll ih ith a ummay ummay ad a outl outl i o th y iu aid aid h y iu a ivtigatd i mo dail i th ah outlid ad diud i uqut hat





































6

Culture and Tradition Itvs

h i nntiv o aming aming  att attl l and th o o  whih whi h  attl lay in aming aming yt hav many dimnion ima ai th ony ol o aming  att i in thi ail ity to ovid an onomi tun tun.. Howv whil whil aming aming atl ha a tong lationhi latio nhi to onomi  onomi tun th a on on oth imotant ato involv d Fi th yi oti natu o ationhi twn human human and animal in dvloing ount i mut  aiatd in dtmin dtmin ing th ol o  animal i n th dvloing ount ountyy owl  owl  8 . hi intdndn intdndn may may ati dit ood ood nd o o mat mat mil  o lood. t may alo xtnd to oth non ood aa. h may inlud th oviion o daught ow hid manu o tili o ul th aiity to aumulat aital and th





































 Si mil ly i  tudy tudy i th th uo uo   o w Mxio Etlli Smith   83  oud oud th thtt whil  o omi o w w imot i mottt i th diio di io to m m ttl ttl it lo ld ol om th ommuity to miti hitoi otiuity om o gtio to th xt. hy   lo l to uti olly  ti ti ig ltio with  i d id id git th thtd oymity d io ltio o  lili i  idly gowig u t.

ultul ult ul hg d th ol o ul tu i tm o livto dvlom dvlomt t my  idti idtid d withi  oth o th two mi thot thotil il tm tm o oiooomi dvlomt. h t o th    dd to i Stv Stv  d     8 8  volutioy moditio moditio thoi. thoi . h thoi  th th m imli im li  oity  movig towd towd  mod tt tt o dvl dvlomt omt h iml itio i tht y ol ol lowig  idl modl om  dvlod





































8 or l l c onceved. Two exples re re provded provded by by Bker   976 976).). Th Thee rs nvolved  vccnons progre for cle n Es Afrc where nl doses of ncorrecly xed vccn vcc n e cused cle dehs dehs There ws exree relucnce by by he v llgers o connue wh e  e progre, progre, even even hough he nl probe ws medey rec ed nd nd he correc vccne ws supple supple d The second expe ws ws  group rnchng rnchng schee n No rh hern ern Keny whch ed o sh  grng grng o ore producve res res nd lso ese env ronenl dge However he schee led o long perods of sep sepr ron on of o f hose herdn g cle cle fro fro her her fle fle s who dd no sh o o new res res erne erne   99    3 ) lso refers ref ers o he se group rnchng rnch ng pro pro ec s n n ep o p ose  foregn syse sys e of llves vesock ock conrol o n  populon whch rdonlly used df d ffferen eren ehods nd consequenly rn no probles.





































9 ern sol groups rgnl rgnlson son nd d sepower sepoweren en of ern seors wdenng gps  n he regon l nd seorl gns fro developen  depleon of nur nurl l resoures resoures nd n eroson of he envronen envronen nd eolo gy  Wh Whnn he resuls of hs syse he vllllers v ers n lnee l nee  s sudy sudy see heselves s  dsepowered dsepowered group group nd hey see see  need o ree her own eono nd  ulurl spe he desre desre o prooe nonl self suffc eny n beef produo su produonn y lso  lso be reled o he he rxs pproh nd s dsussed n he seon relng o por subsuon.

Cttl d C t

Whll e knowledg ng h Wh h ulure does ply n porn porn pr pr n he des on o run le  s owever lso porn o onsder he neron of oher fors ehnology







































 clee wh pr cl prc ccll cll y no en en on o oher oher nls such s p gs or donkeys whch re prn pr n o ny fre frers rs n develop ng counres. hs led  h hbe bers rs (n D olberg  993 )  o onder onder wheher wheher s  only "Ms  nd nd Hndu H ndu who who hve  cle cle coplex  s  porn porn h projecs projecs nvolv nvolvng ng beef cle consder  wder perspecve hn oher l vesock nd grculurl grc ulurl syses. S  lrly lrly such pro projj ecs should consde r culurl plcons s  pr of bu no n overrdng fcor n how such projecs shoud be developed.







































 unsed o rbe rbe frng nd nensve  vesock producon becuse becuse here here s  s oo  e rn or  nsuf nsufcen cen wer. However However h gh nubers o f ce re fred fred on nve psures psures n he rea.

Where nf nfrsrucures rsrucures n ers o  rods nd crop sorge fc fc es es re   ed ed nd reoe fro ro  urbn res ce y  prove he vb y of  fr frng ng syse. For expe " n Norhes Br h e sngur dvn dvnge ge of beef ce ppers o be h hey cn rnspor rnspor







































2 coopeion coope ion nd long em secuy secuy Gndn Gndn  99  5 ). Ths conol conol s mos e eeci ecive ve unde condiions cond iions o ow populion populi on densiy subsisence poducion poducion nd whee su suc cien ien lnd enbes mobil iy o new eas o g ging. ing. Wih ince sing opulion nd he inensiing ine nsiing o gicuul podcion picully picully involv involving ing copping exising commun l sysems e pu pu unde pessue. pessue. oy oy   98  6) ses h "n impon impon omission in he nlysiss o mny cle poduc nlysi poducion ion sysems is he ilue ilue o ppecie ppecie he di sincion beweenn individul nd communa ging. bewee ging. Whe Whee e ging ging land is no individul y







































3 redstrbutn redstr butn g svngs to those who see opportunt opportuntes es for for hgh retu retu nvestents . Thrdly Th rdly t t enbles frers frers to nge rsk by g vn vngg the or e exbty exbt y (Stevens (Stev ens nd br,  98 9888 2 3 ). redt y be d dee vl vl ble fro fro goveent nsttutons or v nforl nforl lendng soures . In the  se of goveent redt t s oen subsdse subsdse d. Stevens nd Jbr Jbr (  98 8 24 ) note tht tht subsdsed redt o en fvours fvours the lrgest lrgest n ndd ost nuentl fr rers ers who hv e the gretest gretest ess to lons Aess t o lons so fvours those who hve nd ttle wth greter greter ess ess to publ seto setorr lower ntere nterest st redt redt (Feder  993 ).







































4 o

Lbor Lb or i s vilbiliy n d he wy wy i is sed, is one of he key resor resores es involved i n grilrl gri lrl developen. developen. Koppel   99 :4 ) lks lks of he eonoi relionship relionship bewe beween en lnd nd lbor nd how sppy relionships ffe or inde hnges in he prodive piy for for lbor  his seion wil l o nsider lbor s prodive prodive piy wih  fos fos on woo spes of lbo w lborr resore lloi on Firs he sesonliy of rrl lbor opporni oppor niies ies n ndd seondl seondly, y, he inp of fele fele lbo lbor r









































 Oen he srn on resoures of hose e  e behnd s borne by woen M gron o oher









































6

Intitutional factor









































 for lrge herds fed fed  de de  o f mproed grsses grsses nd legumes le gumes or grn. Some of hs reserh









































18 Mktg d oss oss g









































19

Mooo Ftos







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































60

Poon sems

Most cattl    Tailad ad articulal i  t otast otast a fam famdd i a mixd coi ad listoc l istoc im. ow t a t full a of ot sstms oati oati as dscid i C at Two Ts iclud ic lud fd fdot ot sstms tat tat us -oducts suc as ial a ad sua ca fom fom factoi factoiss a to ti ti  oatio oatio ad xtsi xt si acs fami cattl i mos o o aas aas of astu. Tis scti sctio o wi wi  l ot di scus scusss all t otios aai ut will co o sstm oati i t otast io Tis sstm is cos caus it as stuctud a al liliac ac tw oduc ocsso a d t t mat. T oatio is ow as t Tai Fc Cosotium Ti sstm is rticall itatd itat d fom fom t  d d of aimal aimalss tou to t  mat oidd oidd to t t  cosum cosum  Famss a oidd wit sm Fam s m fom fom mat oduci Euoa Euoa ds o f cattl fo fo ti cows T o a ad i t i lllla a fo fo two as usi us i fd fd oidd oi dd  t cosotium. W illd ad ocssd i t ow facilit t mat is sold o cotact to stauatss ad sumats stauat sumats i ao ad t otast. T sstm is i tsti caus it oids oi ds t fam fam wit amal s adic ad a uaa uaat tdd tu. Co Cosidal sidal dd cost as  iold i stti u t oatio oatio ad wil t mat s ll s fo fo a mium t al t mais al comsat fo t additioal cost ad is otlss  t sows ta tatt sstms sstm s ioli io li fa am mss oduci to sc ic icatio atio a ossl i ts io

akeng an Poessng

 i cattl mats a wdsad wdsad touout t coutr ad a l d at sal l ocatos  all oc ocs s Ts old o ld ular wl sals ad a d t sac card out  t auto  ur sow t a wll suod  illars. T ot ol oid a sal ot for amals dl dl d d to t sal ut also al so l  s cmar cmar rcs fo fo amals sold d rctl om ll as T ul of aimals ar ar stll stl l sold drctl  from from t t



































61 acoawa acoa wa ( 1 4 1 45) , fod fod ta tatt mat stil l assd to  to  o ok kss o ats ats ow o w, , t cta cta  mari of t tail mat comad to t i l la ic ad dod do d fom 54% i 1 78 to ol 4% 4% i 1  1  icial i cial aatt aattois ois a a aailal i most oics t saitatio stadads a qit imiti ad t a las to icas t qatit qati t ad qalit of faci acilit litis is (acai so soal al com micatio l  7) is  is wil l iol a mi x of ot ot iat iat scto ad lic sct scto o istmt   i s o sta stada dad d adi sstm fo cattl ad t mat is sall sold scid as to t o qalit Cattl a taso tasotd td to makt ad slat i o o tcks, tcks , sall sall  tid idiid id iidal all l to t tck A  aimals tasortd acoss oicial  odais mst a a alt cticat sid  a omt omt tiaia tiaia All cattl sold so ld at li li  makts makts i i w acciatd acci atd fo fo t w w  loadd lo add fom fom t tck tck   aditio a ditio to aattoi aattoi slat t a stimats stimats tat   to  5% of t f cosmd i ailad coms fo om m il lal i mo mota tatio tio fom ad adoi i c otis aticlal aos Caoia ma ad to to a lss xtt alasi alasiaa (acai (acai soal soal commicatio l 1 7) 7) ot ol dos tis di s st t t local ma mak kt t t maks cot ol of cattl cattl disass xtml xtml dif difclt clt

Characeriic of he Nohea Fi Fi  4 6 sows a ma ma of t ot  otas astt io wit oici al od odais ais  oic oic ad oi ad oiss aos o o  t ot ot ad East sa saatd atd  t ko k o i  ot odar odar adois Camodia ad to t Wst t Ctal io



































62

ge

iyaapum haiy Cha

6

a of o f otheast a ilan



































63 Geogap  Clmae

as  as Tai ad is  a sli lad l aa auu f  06. 06.5 5 mill m ill i ai,  00-30 0 ms ms a sa ll ad w w laiuds laiuds  4 ad   ds ds   Ms aic aic la lall ad s a  l ll i, wi s ils wic a msl sad sad,, acid ad lw i aic ma la uis (aicual i sus, sulu) ad wa ldi caaci 3).). Ri d lais wi d al lial s ils accu accu f f l 8 f  aa aa ( a,  3 (Du ).

A xml im a a  caacisic f   aual suc as as i  as  as was cisd ad dc dcumd umd fm fm sac sac carrid u i  la la  7 70s 0s ad al  8 80 0ss   K Ka isi ad Fd Ci sms Rsac Pc (adsaff,  8 8) 8).. Tis was  cc f  mii wa wasd sd a a ciss ciss a a i ma as as f a  as s Tailad uad lwlad ad maial add a d xis sid  si d a  mic mic  l l T d if ifffc i lai l ai ma    a fw fw ms ms ad  izal disa di sac c fm fm lss a  00 ms  a ki  m  w

Cais suc as a s s w fd fd   xml im ima a    lcal iaias i aisi w  ui isd i su sucs. cs.

Ms  il i l las d  d d if ifffcs i i i suc as ad us us dif d ifff as f  as di ffl, f xaml xa ml  la l a d i ff aiis f ic  i i  di ff lacs lac s a difff ims di im s c c cc ci ad  lad us us as, as, i is  is ad, ca diffr diff r fm fm lac   lac, u u   al caa caacs csc c f disi d lad  ad dsid ci raccs raccs s r r wids w idsad. ad. (adsa (adsafff  8 8   ).

iu 4. 7 sws a r s a ucd iu ucd sasal aif  aifa a l wi mr a 8 8  c f  aua  aua aifa aifa l aximal aximal  5 0 mm ) fal fal i fm fm Ma Ma   cr cr



































64

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 5 



;  "

E ;

ime (months)



Tal anal

 Day  aa aa

Souce Sou ce Naoa Naoall Statst Statstics ics O Oie ie  6

Fom om to Fua t i a lal lal  cool d ao wit wit ot ot da lt. l t.  miuta miutaa a ( 1 8  1 )  fou foudd tat tat it wa ot o muc t a aa a aual af afall all tat wa lim iti  coi i t otat ut at t aiatio i aifal aifalll fom fom a to a. Id Idd d t wkl  ad dal att att du t owi ao ao aid aid il i l fom fom a to a. uc i i l l atic att att ma tat t fam fam  coi tat tat mut  comlx i od to cotd co td wit i uctat. T am am caot a  ut o aoal tat tat ud uc uc  coditio codi tio cau ac a a  t t aifall aifall att att  ma   dift fom dif fom tat of t a fo. fo. Raif Raifal alll alo a lo di ff fom fom lac to lac l ac dui du i t am ao wit ai ffct, ddi o tooa ad oi. T olm i mot commol du to dout dout ut oodi ma al o  a olm ad o o ot occu i  t am ao ow lad ad a d maia add o ulad a uuall di ftiall  af afctd  t aiall aiall xtms fo fo xaml xaml  w owad add  add i  tat tatd d  umc ic o marial add ad ma do w  o a a o ia i a ma do wll i aot





































65 Demogaphy

T ota T otast st io, wit wit a stimatd oulatio of 1  mil io o i 1  as mo ta a tid of Taila Tailads ds total oulatio oulat io ad 33% of its lad aa It is t last dlod io of t cout P P  caita icom was w as ol 3 7% of t atioal aa i 1  ( (ED/J ED/JICA ICA 1 : 1 ).

T io is taditi oa oall ll a souc of mi a att laou fo fo idustial tiss i t akok toolita aa ad aoad Tis miatio is almost matl sasoa Fw miats sttl matl i  akok o ot a aas as of sasoal mlomt mlo mt T ulk of t miats m iats tu tu to ti t i oms om s fo fo at last a att of t a As a sult, s ult, t oulatio of t io io  as ow at aout t sam at as tat tat of Tai Tailad lad dsit ds it low lativ icoms T low icoms i t io a du to a comiatio of liac o aicultu imitd aifall ad its u distiutio witi t a ad olmatic soil caa caact ctistics istics aticulal acidic ad sali sali soil s o aicultua aicultua momt ad icom ootuiti icom ootuitiss a xtml xtml lim l imitd itd Idu Idust st accoutd accoutd o o 1 % of ioal icom aufactui was lal cod to ic ad cassaa mili oductio of a ul coct coct oduc oducts ts ad lit ii ii ( D DIA IA 1 ) .

Rgonal Rg onal Inome

I Tailad, Tai lad, as i most dl oi coutis t ulk of t oulatio i  i ual ual aas Kokaw ( 1  )) uts t u at 65 % of t aou foc foc i fam ousolds ousol ds as at 1  . . Tal 4 . 8 dtais dtai s t aa aa cas cas icom i com of fam fam ousods fo fo t wo cout



































66 Tale

48

Aveage Cash In ome of Fam Hosehol s  Regon Regon

1 9 7 6 6 77 77 - 1 99 1  92 92

nit Bht e huehld er nnum Fm huehld

et frm ch incme

n m ch

net ch incme

Incme

Perid

Amunt

Tt

Amunt

Tt

Cr

Livetc

Amunt

Ttl

(ye

(Bht

( %)

(Bht

(%

( %

(%

(Bht

(

1976/77

12190

1 00

658 7

54.04

49.73

.78

5603

45.96

980/8

24683

100

13353

5410

44.15

627

1 1 3 29 29

45.90

1986/87

22306

 00

9010

40.39

37.61

838

3296

59.6

199/92 rthet

34161

100

1 1 2 30 30

32.88

38.78

3 .4 7

22930

672

1976/77

7319

100

2787

38.08

31.59

668

4532

61 9 922

980/8

19067

100

9448

49.56

40 . 1 

8.26

9618

5044

986/87

17910

00

6664

37.2 

29.13

1.6

1  2 46 46

62.79

99/92

2520

00

6063

24.05

2207

608

1947

75.95

976/77

3830

00

8537

6173

56.73

5.01

5293

38.27

1980/8

23929

100

4129

5905

4755

7.58

9798

40.95

1986/87

1 85 8597 97

100

8652

4652

47.55

6.37

9945

53.48

1991/92 Centr

3141 1

100

14134

4500

85.97

2.77

17276

5500

976/77

20986

100

12646

6026

16.53

62

8349

39.74

980/81

33248

100

18933

56.95

46.32

623

14314

43.05

986/87

30997

100

13392

4321

4476

533

17605

5679

1991/92

55036

100

19299

35.07

47.71

-3.53

35736

64.93

tin

rth



































67 cassaa cassa a ma ma  kaf ad su sua a ca Fut ad ta tas s ot food food a add fd a ad o sd oducto s xtml lmtd Padd s  fa t most domat co  t stud st ud aa wt wt a total astd astd aa aa of 8 . 7 mll m ll o a  1 4 4/5 /5 . Ot motat motat cos cos  tms tms of a astd std aa a a cassaa cassaa wt 5 03 m ll o a ma wt   m  o a sua su ac ca a wt 1  85 ml lo ad kafwt kafwt 0. 45 m ll o a s sc ctl tl

Two of t mao cos  t o a kl to fac mao c olms  t futu. I addto addto to t dcl dcl td td  tato tatoal al c cs cs (TDRI 1 5 ) a aad ad wll fac cas comtto com tto fom fom t t couts of o f Id Idoc oca a (Camoda V tam aos) a os) wo a ow oducto oducto costs. Ts s  s lkl l kl to sult    low l ow add cs fo fo Ta fams o st of t Ta cassaa ca ssaa ouut ouut s oducd oduc d    t oast. Ta cassaa ams a td  td om om sustatal susd sus dss fom fom t Euoa Commut Co mmut o t ast  0 as Ts s lkl l kl to d o o t xt  as as as a sult of Euoa o foms of t Commo Acultual Polc ad oms ad to ud t ATT a Amt o Taffs ad Tad

Rgal ag

A asc stat fo fo t oast was was ad ad  t  E D (atoal Eco Ecoomc omc ad ocal Dlomt oad  1 8 wt t t foll foll ow  ams. Fst to o omot mot  t ta atoal toal tad wt ad ad o  couts scod scodl l to stals ts f as t ct ct fo fo tatoa cooato  ac tcolocal ad acadmc tasactos; tdl to pomot dustal dlomt tou fct xot atual soucs



































68 aricultur wil    rootd trou aricultur trou a comiatio of romoti romoti roductiit roductiit aro idustr idus tr dlomt, suort s uort srics ad  taki taki  adata adata  of w ossi il iti s for for tradi wit iouri io uri  doc docia ia cotris T statd statd stratis stratis to aci tis wr to aim for for t tur tur idustrial idust rial isatio of t rio to  as asd d o a comiatio comi atio of romoti akok asd comais to rlocat rlocat to t t lowr orta ortast st ad suort of locall trrurs loca trrurs Aro-idu A ro-idustris stris ar ar ro ro ctd to  a ma ma o comot of oral l idstrial dlomt. dlomt. T wi l cotiu to xloit xloi t xort xort a akti kti oo oortuitis rtuitis wil l sr sr  t atioal atioal markt wit lilistock stock oduct oducts s ad wil l   asd asd o a disi d ad fc f cit it aricltural as as.. A k coot of t strat strat is i s tat tat listock l istock ar ro ro ctd to la l a a aor aor rol rol  i i  t futu utur r aricultur aricul tural al dlot d lot of o f t Nortast t rio ri o as a ma ma or sar of of t cattl  ad i oulatio  t cas cas  of cattl owr, roductiit rodu ctiit is r ow ad t quali t of o f f outut is r oor. uc of t roductio is ol  suital for for maki it o traditioal a att roducts roducts suc suc  as mat alls a d C is sausa. Tailad as to rl o i iots ots to sr t tourist trad ad Tai domstic domsti c dad for i quali qua lit t   Dsi Dsit t a rowi dad fo fo ood qualit qu alit  f f ad ilk i lk of a a oximatl oximatl 1 0% r aum  local loca l rodctio rodctio as raid low.

Smmary Tis catr roids a social soc ial a add coomic coom ic outli  of t t ast dlomt ad ad curr cu rrtt situatio i Tailad ad t ortast wit articu articular lar rfrc rfrc to to aricultural ad f cattl domt. d omt. T structur of soci socit t as ford ford a att of aiour i farrs tat ris o atro clit ratiosis ad rlatil assi aiour Tr is a lar



































6 Cattl a traditioal l  farmd Cattl farmd i i  t orast ad a a com comlmtar lmtar rlatios rlat iosi i wt razi of cro rsidus ad t accumula accumulato to of caita  Productiit s s rall r all l ow ad most sstms sstms o f roductio ar ar low iut Ps Pssur sur o lad us wic is li mi miti ti accss to commu commual al razi ad t oortuit oortuit to a mor com outsid ta isid t lla idrs fforts to icras umrs K issus to istiat i fol low lowi i catrs c atrs ar ar t t comtiti com titi  adatas adatas tat cattl fa fami mi  old s, ow t rol of cattl is rcid r cid  i llars ad olic ol ic makrs ad ow ff ffors to icras ic ras umrs ad roductiit a  attmtd





































70

Chapter Five Beef Cattle in Northeast hailand hailand Tis capt idtis t k costaits to icasi o itsifi cattl poductio witi t cu cu tt sociocoomic fam amwo wokk i  ot ota ast st aiad. wo mai aas wil l  cod; Fist F ist t sults of sac sac caid caid out  t auto auto i s i x il las i ui Poic i t otast otast is dtaild . Tis T is wil l icl ud a aalis of cattl poductio i cotxt wit ot i illa lla actiitis to stalis psi cal ad coomi coomi c itlatiosips. itlatiosips. codl, codl , a outli ad discussio discussi o of sa sall po o cts tat tat a   implmtd i t otast to oost cattl poductio is pst pstd d i iss capt capt wil wil l summais summ ais t sac sac caid out ad attituds to fami fami f cattl witi wi ti t cut sociocoom socio coom ic famwok.

Livetock ector overview Cattl poductio poductio is clos l latd latd to t cop poductio sstm i ssa.  ssa. T Taditioall aditioall ac fam fam fami fami  ows a small smal l um um  of aim aimals als ad uss low-cost poductio p oductio



































71 rsourcs ( aour ad ad farm farm wast) wast) to roduct rodu ct catal. ca tal. owr, for ma farmrs farmrs t oouts oout s for off off farm mlomt mlom t rodd  rodd  rct ars totr wt t low roduct roduc t t of o f cattl roducto as  d o a dcras  umr umrss farmd farmd.. (Paaotou 1850).

Vilage baed reearch

Loaon o  e Vllage

Fur 5  1 sows t locato of t stud  Fur   as ad ad tr rla rlatos tos  to t t ma ctr c trss of co mmrcal ad admstrat admstrat actt. Ts sx las l as ar all locat locatd d  ur ur  Proc Pro c    four four dff dffrt Amur (D ( D strcts) T T  rrs rrst t a mx of lowla lowladd ad ulad ula d w t a ra ra of cro otos oto s ad a ar ar  aalal aa lal t of co commual mmual or forst forst lad for for cattl cattl  ra. ra. A l of ts ll l l as as as wt t ul of Issa ortast ortast Talad) r o ra fd arcultur ol o Duum ad a a ar locatd locatd wt  5  omtrs of ac ac otr otr aroxmatl arox matl 45  from ur. ur . (T (T rocal catals  Ta T alad lad ar ar usual usuall l t larst c ts ad ar ar t



































7 e .



ap a p o S p  nce nce

R   '

 K •

1-

Bm

S • S  •

T T C



































73 emogaph

al  . 1 sum al summais maisss t um of ousol ds ill a a oulatio oulatio ad ad t tic ad ad liliuis uistic tic ackoud of ac illa. i lla.   il  il a siz siz i tms tms of um of ousold ousoldss aiss fom ai fom 6  6 at o Duum to 8  at ai  is comas comas to t t aa aa il la ousol ous oldd of of 1 30 i t t 1  1  illas illas of ui (Natio (Natioal al tatisti tatistics cs Ofc Ofc,, 1 6) Vil la oulatios a fom fom 3 8 at o Duum to 80 at o Waa. Wit ol ol  mio mi o aiatios t oulatios a l slit accodi to d No Duum as ol  i xistc fo 0 as wic is commo to ma illas i Issa du to illas xadi to wl clad cl ad fost lad.  ot stud il las a al alll tw 60 ad 80 as of a

   a som som m io aiatios aiatios i t tic ad l iuistic ackoud of of ac il la ou ouout t cout t t a a sal lauas o dialcts sok sok. . tal ai is t of ofc cial ial la laua ua wic was sok  all al l t il las  mao mao it of Issa is oulatd oulat d  o l of aotia aotia dsct, dsct, wo s sak ak Issa a dialct closl cl osl latd to ao t la laua ua sok  i ioui a os Pol wo sok  ssa ssa as ti st laua laua w std i o Duum Kakim ad o Kusii. Alo t sout ssa



































74

bl .: Stdy ll ll  - Nb of ohold Pop ulon ulon Ag Ag of llg llg n d thn  n Bkond

lla  llae e *

Nong

Sa

Kak

Du Nuer o

ong

Nong

ong

Surn

W



Kuns

averae 

6

8

65

70



81

10

Popuaon

84

8

2

80

0

2

668

Age o  lage lage

0

80

60

80

Issan

Suy

I ss 

Kher

househods

70

 approx Ehn  nus akround e



 g gee  e e 993- 995  dd  997



n Sti Oe

996.

Ker

ssan





































75 Eac i lla aid i  t wa wa t tact tactdd wi t ac t t witi t t i ll a ad t itati t w  w t a aac acd d t call s f fa ami mi  dli ti cmmuitis. Ts i culd  sustd sustd w m lat latdd  s salitis alitis wti w ti t i ll a a a tic acku ackud. d. w li uist uistic ic ackud ackud ds a a i mt mtat at il icatis i dlmt wk i tis tis aa. aa. Vi ll a as s atu atuall all qusi t mtis f ts w w cm fm utsid ti a aa a aticu aticulal lal  ts fm fm akk ( im im t a l  86  f a usid  usid ' dlmt w wk k fail fail s t ai t s sct ct ad ad cdc f illll a i as s t t will wil l  d it  difcul difcul t aci suls. T  aut aut  als saw xamls xaml s f t s situai w mt fcials csidd tmsls a t illas i status status ad usd usd  l l ctal ctal Tai t lcu lcu  i ll as as..

lla Maam





































76 d iatd ad ad o was ot ot cotiuous. coti uous. o ow w t t aas aas ad oudais w w w kow  ac fami fami . T tid t id aa aa was was maia ow ad wic i ac saso saso ma a    suita suita  fo ic owi if suf sufci cit t ai ad fa fa  .. T fout fout aa ua uad d was dd as ot suita fo ic owi du to its tooa o soi caactistics ut suita su ita fo fo ot ot  cos suc suc  as kaf o cassaa A   aa aa was was com mo mo ad wic w ic was ad aaia to o o  i t i a ut wic m a  usd fo fo coi  am a mt t witi witi t i a. T sixt a aa a wat wat souc souc ad ad  usua  ati ati fost ad ado o ii a dam o soi soi - oid oidd d wat wat to t t i  a a. . Accss aticu aticua a azi az i accss accss was tit coto coto d  t t i i  a a commi tt. Fo Fost st ad was o  aaia to i  i as fom fom o Kam.  t  cotxt cotxt of tis tsis fos fostt ad was cassid c assid as dadd dadd o cut cut o fo fost st usua usua  accssi accssi  to a  icudi ot i as ut owd  t Roa Fost Datmt.





































77 T aa aa aailal aaila l fo fo add add i ac ac  cas is lad ta tatt i a omal saso is sufci sufci tl low l ow li ad as t co  li ct ct soil otis otis to old o ld wat fo fo a cucial cucial 3 mot iod dui t ic owi saso.

ab

5.2

S Vags  an Rso Rso Aas

i t Aa i ai Vila * Vila

o

ai

Kakim

Duum

o

o

o

ui

Waa

Kam

Kusii

aa **

ad souc  souc aa add

775

1500

700

000

3000

800

9

ulad

0

0

6

0

63

300

15





































78

abl 53: td td  Vllags Vllags - an ang g of ndvdal Fam  z z and La nd tl tl D Dtal tal

illa illa  *

o

ai

Kakim

Duum

o

o

o

uri **

Waa

Kam

Kusii

ara

60

Farm Far m siz siz  a add dd ara Larst ousold

50

60

1 00

60

6

6



40

(rai) malst ousold







































7 idiid id iidual ual las l as f ls lsss ta 60000 60 000 at w w aaila l l fm fm t t AA C. f at ta tis amut t AAC wuld la  a u u ssi ssiililit it sstm   was was  ista ist ati ti aa aaist ist t tit l. A ma ma l lm m was i t aac aac f las wic w ic was wa s dsiatd dsiat d i i  Ai Ai l. i iss causd sm lms if cattl ad t  sld as it was t stat stat f t d sas w mat dmad f f t fam famss t u catt catt  was lw l w

Vlge Atvte

 fam fams s i  t stud stud  i llas aad aad t il  alu iddc ad f fd dm m  wi f sufcit ic t fd ti famil was a ma al  als tid t w sufci suf cit t tas tas fut ad ut u t f f ti w susi s usistc stc ds I addit i t alud  iius mit ad dd cas t ma i s t t ms f f u f t wat (tml) (tml ) ad f f diati  f t

as

s als als  qid f f at ad







































80

ige

5.2:

Cpig Calea  Swig Swig as f Lab I vlv vlve e i  Cp Sses

Mthly labur qu f cg          

:

c E  a �

Cassava op  ra1  ine inega gated ted  

c 

E   �

Keaf o 0 a  nege  a







































81

Costs ad Rts

Tl . so sows ws oss mi mi  tus tus fo fo idi i diidul idul cos c os ad fo  std lo  ctl sstm. T cos aasd aas d  ic cass d  itatd f fmi mi  otio otio. . T sults sow us fo 0 i t fom t fuit/s ad l ssm wic is clcuatd o o i ol. o l. T us us idict tt ic d css css  t st oss







































8

h rst sao vov  vovss th grog o 1  ra o  our a a o assava ad o a a o o tgratd ar ar  h  h rodus ut  h ad vgtas or o osumto ad a d sa  000 a at t s orrod orrod o o h AA  AA udr   grutura struturg Progr m ARP AR P h od aro aro aso gros gros 1  a o r r ad h   ra o uad s  atd   assava   mmr o h  m m  orks o arm or  0 mot motss o h ar ar  h st s t ar 1 ,00 ,0000 at s orrod orrod at omra ats om om  BAC ad usd to 







































8

Beef Be ef Cat Cattl tlee Tal 46 sowd tat cattl ums i t otast akd i 14 wic was o a ali ta ta i ui ui oic. o ow w  t susqut susqut dcli  folowd folowd t sam td. td. attl ums atiowid atiow id ow a coti co tiud ud to ow T fact fact tat owt owt was sustaid i ot ot  aas of t cout wil  t otast codd a do i ums i dicats tat tat som som  sto ioal factos ld to t o t dcli dcli  i t otast T at







































84 w it l at  os di t da ad fd at it wit c ad ca' ass o w ttd a t oadsid o o add ds. I t cool ad d saso fd was ss adat. ada t. ow wit littl l ittl  isk of aml aml  cos aimals w al to a a mo fl. fl. Ai Aimal mal s w w it od tot ad ad sisd di di  t da  o o ol l o  w w stil stil l ttd t t o a lo o ta di t d saso. saso. I  wo o t i aimals wold ci som c staw as slmtatio. D saso fd  l l id o adqat ad qat wat aai aailai laililit t fo aimal ds wic o o  smd smd to  a









































85 abl

5.6:

St llas - Asp Aspts ts o Cattl Cattl Poton Obsv Obsv o n a Walks









































86

Tble .  : St Vllges Vllges - ent entton ton n Rnkng of Poblems









































87 th coidr co idrdd too old ol d to at with thir cow.   og Waa th th watd watd to   o f highr gtic rit whic h wa wa roidd   th  D How Howr r th th tchicia who









































88

 a t am odcd som sf focs o sss tat t as cosdd









































89   gt ouod ouod  ro ro 1 6 to 1 2  t trg our our ar. I  t ca o   agr ad co d  u od  rtu ro ro cat c  c a xacr xacrat atd d  o aa







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































3    Who gi o adi c o amig amig cal?  o o pa o hi adic?  3  Who ow h lad ha o o  cal a amd amd o?  ow impoa imp oa i c ommo gaig lad o ami ami g cal? cal ? ow ha o acd acd hi?

amil look a hi ow cal?  5 o ach amil 0

mo o  ca cal? l? I o how mch? mc h? I a? Pa Pa ack?  a o oowd mo amd md i h i llag?  Wha oh cop o liock a a

ha cal amig amig    i wll wih oh aci aci  i i  h il lag? 8 o o hik ha

 ig h a wha i h mo dicl piod o am cal Wh?  o o hik o ha all h cholog o d o am cal cil?    ow do o l o cal? Wha a a h c pc? cal alo  caaa ka ma

 Wa wold mak ca amig mo ccl i o illag?



































3

Appendix

Two nstitutional Questinnaire

I tv tviw iw iclud ta ta o th DD D D ivt iv t  ad Extio Wok.

  ow ay villaa a you ivolvd wth?

2. o o would you vit a ta tatt vi la la??

qut o vl la la  3  A you vit o a ula ai o  at th qut

 What tatitic  do y ou hav hav o th u o catt cattll  ad u ualo ad ow c oad to ay 5    ya ao? th lad? la d? 5 Who ow th

6 ow iotat i coo ai lad i cattl a ow ha oty actd th?

  Who a a th cattl i th vl la? Who do you aly a ly wok wok with with i th vl la? h ad Ma I A coitt I al a I al am I oth?

8 av you coductd ay uvy i th villa you wokd with o how ay cattl thy u ad what  oratio thy would k? What w th ult?

vll a  ak aout h you vit?  What ar th a t oic  that vlla

 Do th villar a or your advc?



































  o yo youu ti tat cattl armig ts  ts i wll wit otr activitis i t vil lag?    Wa do you cosidr your mai ro i worig wit t v ilagrs? av you otic d i t vi llllags ags you wor wor wit wit i t last 5    yars?  Wat cags av

5 o you ti tat vilagrs av all t tcology ty d to arm cattl? 6 ow dos govmt policy act t dcisios to ru cattl or icras/dcras umrs?

 ow do armrs sll tir cattl? Wat ar t currt prics? 8 Wa improvmts would ma cattl armig mor succssul i Issa?



































Appenx hee



Gss Margin alyss f ddual nterpses. basd on

2 a a f pon pon aea. p a from ngrat ngrat farmg farmg a one a ony

Assmes eve  ebt and au s stat oss al entepses Cssva

Rc Icome

cme

4 kg @ S B  kg Total come

Expenses Poh Ho Felse hm Haest Thg I e tal Eps



2

6

kg  55 satg I kg

ta ome Expnses

24 24

Poh Hw Weg He

19

2





24 24 6 

 6

45

45

tal Exses

5

Gss Marn Goss Mai  a

27

Goss Marg e 

66%

4 

Gss Ma

425

Goss Magn tae

4

2727%

Gss Ma1n peetae

tt rmg (e  oy)

Ce me e

come

5 h

ota me

55

 he Am ea�h Maet n asp

5 55

Expeses

t Epeses Goss Ma Gss M pr a Gss Man te

55

25 25 5

eser sh f eacmet sh hems et  sp

3

5

Epses

24

2

 I Vetabes h ot me

2

t peses

4

Goss Marg

 5%

Gss Mag e  Grss Magn p peta etae e

Geea on otes  po asmes nt abOur r a peparato  hre abo at haes asva ssu a mm mat me ! wngs st patg, tra ar at hae and  ls

Ct. bl  a hr. vn tae 6% ows a c fo maure ntnbuton to oe p

trat fa Wat is l n any s r s n t wat plants  ry seaso v o   q oay n rt aes tl Year 

    6

6 2 66 664%



































14

Append: our ots ot s to accoma acco ma udgts ad ac aca a vauato fo suatd s uatd g s sat atg gs s

udgts udg ts cud costs ad cs v va ag g at  9994 du dugg   od of m m sc  smuato smu atos s std a asd o as at  st  a  stud stud v  ags a ot muta mutato to s of s sta statgs tgs aso st  st ad va va accodg  o d dv vdua dua fa ams ms ojctvs a d statgs statgs  aass aass ss  modoog as a mas o aca aca  vauatg dvdua sta dvdua statgs tgs t s ot a cost t t ass ass  at t dos dos ot cosd costs d ts o t ov ov a a coom o aoac as    mad o o dc dcat ato o o as  som scaos suc as  scod xamp cosdal m s avaa t t  s sstm o ao a o o o off off  m m momt m omt  com om s as o  cudd   dgts o aca vauato vaua to ut  ut s  s a acto acto a a ovousl ovo usl accous ac cous o o ma dcs dcso oss o ok o k o fam f ava avaa a  .. S Sm ma a ot scaos suc su c as tgad tgad amg o ag ums o cat do ot ao s oou o aoac as  mad o o ousod dtu ot ta tat dct atd o  ts. ts . t dt ma  vovd vo vd ad ad dvdua ousod aagmts ss ma va





































Appendix: Five



BUDGET FOR FOR S IMULATE IMULATED D HOUS EHOL EHOLD D EARNNG STATEGIES - NOTHEA NOTHEAS S THAIND

Scenaro number

One

Desrption: Des rption: Growing ce for for ale .  oney boro borowe wed d for tte, uit trees trees and  sh pond under ARP No pastue grown No o arm work Status quo data 20

Tota rea (rai)  ow owan and d - p pand and

15

5

Lnd e  c ce e - u ut. t. vegetabes vegetabes sh  a asa saa a  pa patur ture e Anua data Cpita borrwed ear  ) Interet rate (5% from ear 3 Vaue o netment (ear 5 Cte famed  co cow w  ounger e e

5

5 Yer 1

Year 2

er 3

ear 4

ear 5

45000Bt 27000Bt 2 0

2 1

2



2 1

2 

3450 0 7200 0

3450 80 7200 1

450 180 200 1

3450 180 200 1

3450 80 200 

ncome (Baht tota)   ce ce  u ut t ege egetbe tbe h - s saa aa  att atte e  o fa fam m

250Bt 17,250Bt 17250Bt 7250Bt 2000Bt 400Bt 4500Bt 3960Bt 3960Bt 360Bt 3960Bt 3.530Bt 3.530Bt 3530Bt

17250Bt 4500Bt 3960Bt 3530Bt

Toa ncome

21 , 2 1 0Bt 2640Bt 29240Bt 29.240Bt

29240Bt

Expenditure (Baht tota) Expenditure c

1085Bt 10845Bt 1045Bt 10845Bt

0845Bt

Poducon net kg od   ce ce   u ut t vegetbes vegetbes sh   aa aa  cate



































 BUDGET FO FOR R SI MULATED HOUS EHOLD ARNING SRATEGES SRATEGES - ORT ORTEAS EAS  HALAND

Scenario numbe

Two

Description: Growing ce and cassava for ale, money borowd for heife calves at cmmerca ate Description: o pasture gr own .  person works o farm  0 nths n ths o he year

Status quo data Tta area (ra) - lo lowla wland nd - up upand and

20 15 5

Land use  ce  fru fruit it ege egetables tables sh  cassa assava va  pastu pastue e

5 0 5 0

Annua daa Capital borwe borwed d (ear  ) Interest Intere st ate ( 0 5% rm rm yea r  ) Value  nvestment (Year 5) Catle farmed  co cows ws  unge cattl cattle e Pductin (net kg ld)  c ce e  uit eg eget etables, ables, sh  a assa ssava va  a atl tle e

Year Ye ar 

Year 2

Year 3

Yearr 4 Yea

Year 5

12000Bt 20008t

0

0

0

0

0

3450 0 9000 0

3450 0 9000 0

3450 0 9000 0

3450 0 9000 0

3450 0 9000 0

ncme Baht tal) -   r ruit uit eget egetable able sh  ass assava ava  a at te e  o fa farm rm

72508t 1 72508 72508tt 172508t 7508t 17250Bt OBt OBt OBt OBt OBt 49508t 49508t 950Bt 49508t 4,9508t OBt OBt OOOBt OBt OBt

Toal ncome

22008t 22008t 7008t 22008t 22008t



































7 F IMED HU EHD ENIN ENIN G REG REGIE IE  N NHE HE  HIND BUDGE F BUDGE

Sao ub



Dio Gowig i oy fo ow  o aaa oy boow fo  ow  AR akag a ow a aai o a f Sa o aa oa aa (a)  ow owa a   a a 

20 1 

a       f f  gab    aa aaa a  a a   Aa aa aa boow (a 1)  a (% fo a ) Va o  (a ) a  fa a  o ow w  og a a 

 0 0 15

a 1

a 

a  a 2

60000  0

 

 o o  ( a oa)    f ga gab b   a aaa aa  a a   -  fa

  a oa)     

a 

00

oo ( kg o)        gab gab  i i  a aa aa a  a a  

oa o

a 4 a

 

7 4

 4

2





000 0 1 ,000 ,000 1 00 ,000



O

000 1,000

000



































8 ANALYSIS OF SMULATED HOSEHO D EARNING STRATEGES - NORTHEAST THALN THALN (using nteral Rae of Retu (RR) analyss

Sceao: e Despn Growing e o sale. money rowed or e rt rees ad sh pod une Agrura esrug poj o pasture grow No o arm work Sou o Fug

Capa borowng

A OW AND INNA R  URN ANA

IVESE

Cure

Itia nvesme Resdual aue at yea 5 Tota esment "Cashow

-450009 50009t

RE O VESMET no Expenure vent Casho

Y1

Yr3

Yr2

Yr 4

Yr5

Toa

09

09t

09

09

270009t 270009

0 5,0009 270009 -80009

2,209t 5569

26,7409t 5569t

22409t 5.569

22409 -82069t

2,2409t 82069t

356709 -842809

52549

07849t

3,2849

10349

 034 0349t 9t

509

309

CASH FLOW FOR R

50009

52549

07849

32849

  0 049 49

80349

UMTVE CAS OW

450009

7469

28,629

56789

6449t

3309

POJECT I



































139 ANLYSIS OF HOUSE OD EARN EARNNG NG STRTEGES STRTEGES - NORT EST TH THAND AND (using nternal Ra Ra  of Reu RR) aaysis

Scenao: Two Descpio Growg rice ad cassava for ale oey boowed for heer caves a comeca raes, o pasue 1 peso works o o fa  0 os of e year. Source o Fudig

Capa borowng

CAH FLOW AND NNA AE OF EN AAY

INVESTMEN

Cren

a nvese Resdua vaue a year 5 ota Ivese "Casow

-20008 20008

RETURN ON INVESTMEN Incoe Expendiure

Y 

08 222008 76458

nvese Ca sow

Y 3

Y 2

Yr 4

Yr 5

08

08

20008 20008

0 20008 20008 08

222008 272008 -76458 -76458

22008 76458

222008 -76458

60008 2258

08

5558

5558

95558

5558

45558

277758

277758

CASH FLOW FO 

20008

5558

5558

95558

5558

65558

CUMUAIVE CASH FOW

120008

458

08

66658

2208

27778

R

oa





































40 ANLYSS ANLYS S OF OSO LD RN NG SRATGS SRATGS  NOR NOR  AS ALND (sing ntea Rate of Retun (RR) anasis

Snao: he Desiption Gowing ce only for own use. no cassv, money boowed fo 5 cows nde Agicutu Restng Poje ckge stue own nd mintined fo cte feed Soe o Fundng

Cit boowing

CASH FLOW AND INTERNA E O EURN NA

INVESMENT

Cent

Inta nvement Resi ue t ye 5 Tota nvestment "Cshow

75,50081

Y 

Y 3

 2

Y4

Y 5

ot

081

OB

081

B

6000081 6000081

0 7550081 6000081 550081

REURN N NETMENT ncoe xetue

081 3.36081

081 336081

600081 3.36081

500081 73581

500081 73581

3600081 235081

Investment Cshow

336081

3.36081

6081

76581

7,6581

  65 65081 081

35081

-7550081

ASH LW FR RR

-50081

336081

36081

6081

7658!

676581

MATI CAS W

7550081

760Bt

222081

795081

77581

35081

RR

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