Matching End of Unit Test marks to NC levels Level
Topic
1
2
3
4
9J a
A
D
C
B
4
9Jb
C
D
B
C
4
9Jc
A
B
D
A
4
9Jd
A
D
C
B
4
Marks Cumulative available total
Suggested threshold for achieving level
3
1
1
Insufficient marks to demonstrate level
4
5
6
6
5
8
14
12
6
5
19
19
7
4
23
23
8
2
25
25
End of Unit Test marks Question Level Answer 1
2
4
a gravity
1 mark
3
b arrow drawn pointing towards centre of Earth
1 mark
4
c because gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the Earth
1 mark – mark – accept equivalent explanations
6
a arrows drawn on moon and spacecraft, pointing towards each other;
1 mark – mark – both arrows must be drawn to get the mark
7 6 7
3
Mark scheme
1 mark
both arrows equal size b They would both increase;
1 mark 1 mark – mark – award the two marks if the answer states that the forces would be ‘double’ or be ‘twice as big’ as it is implicit in this answer that the forces have increased
to double their size
6
c The force decreases with distance.
1 mark
5
a Io
1 mark
6
b bigger masses produce stronger gravitational forces/have the greatest gravity
1 mark – mark – accept equivalent explanations
7
c 900 × 1.43
1 mark
= 1287 N
1 mark
6
a There is no air in space to slow it down.
1 mark
4
b gravity or the pull of the Earth
1 mark
5
4
any two from: it is easier to phone people in other countries; 2 marks – marks – 1 for each point. we get TV programmes via satellites; we can use satellites to Accept any other sensible sen sible help us to navigate when driving/navigation/GPS; weather examples. forecasting is more accurate; it has provided information about planets/outer space; spying
6
5
The planets all move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
End of Unit Test marks (continued) Question Level Answer
Mark scheme
7
2 marks – 1 mark for each point; accept equivalent answers
8
9 J
any two of the following: Jupiter’s moons/moons of other planets do not orbit the Earth; the Moon/Earth has mountains on it so is not a perfect sphere; planets (e.g. Mars) show retrograde motion and so cannot be moving in a simple circle; predictions made using these ideas do not match observations; new stars (novae) had been seen from time to time.
8
9
5
a any two from: can take pictures/gather data for large areas of the planet; less complicated to put into orbit than to land; so less likely to crash or be damaged on landing
2 marks – 1 mark for each point
5
b any two from: can take close-up photos; can take samples for chemical analysis; can experiment on samples
2 marks – 1 mark for each point
5
there is less pollution higher in the atmosphere/there is less atmosphere the higher up you get; the pictures will be clearer/less distorted
2 marks – 1 mark for each point
Answers to Quick Check activities Quick Check
Answers
9Ja
1 Sequences: A, C, H or E, E or H, F, B, D, G. 2 A, C – the Earth’s gravity is pulling on the spacecraft. H, E, F, B – the Moon’s gravity is pulling on the spacecraft. More able pupils may point out that the craft shown in H and B are being kept in orbit by the Moon’s gravity. D, G – the Earth’s gravity is pulling on the spacecraft. 3 and 4 Weight = 800 N: on the Earth, as this is the weight an 80 kg mass would have on Earth. Weight = 770 N: in orbit around the Earth, as the weight is a little les s than the weight on the surface of the Earth because the astronaut is further from the centre of the Earth. Weight = 0 N: Part way between the Earth an d the Moon, because there is a point where the Earth’s gravity is cancelled out by the Moon’s gravity. Weight = 133 N: on the Moon, because the Moon’s gravity is about 1/6 of the Earth ’s gravity. Weight = 100 N: in orbit around the Moon, as the weight is a little less than the weight on the surface of the Moon, because the astronaut is further from the Moon. Pupils should add brief descriptions of weightlessness, etc.
9Jb
1 Level 3 2 Answers should cover the points given in the level descriptions.
9Jc
Possible answers include: 1 What is the force that pulls us downwards? / What is the force that keeps the planets in their orbits? 2 Which is the only other place in the Solar System that humans have visited? / Where was the first space probe sent? / Which is the only other body from which we have rock samples? 3 Why is the gravity stronger on Earth than it is on the Moon? / Why does the Sun attract the Earth with more force than it does the Moon? 4 Why is the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth bigger than the force between the Sun and Neptune? / Why is it more difficult to investigate Neptune than to investigate Mars? 5 Why do we get more detailed photos of other planets from space p robes than from Earth-based telescopes? / Why do we send space probes to other planets instead of just observing from Earth? 6 Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can we s ee? 7 Why do scientists need to investigate gamma rays and X-rays from space using telescopes in orbit? 8 Give one difference between radio telescopes and telescopes for detecting visible light.
9Jd
A true; B true – B does explain A. C false – Copernicus suggested that the Earth goes around the Sun; D true – D does not explain corrected C. E false – people have only been to the Moon; F true – F does explain corrected E. G true; H true – H does not explain G.
