8 Informe, Calor en Lata de Frejol

CURVA CURVA DE PENETRACION DE CALOR EN UN PRODUCTO

INGENIERÍA DE PROCESOS

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL FEDERICO VILLARREAL

FACULTAD DE OCEANOGRAFÍA, PESQUERÍA, CIENCIAS ALIMENTARIAS ALIMENTARIAS Y ACUICULTURA ACUICULTURA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA ALIMENTARIA ALIMENTARIA

Tema: T ema: Curva de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r e u pr&du"!&' Ape%%#d&( ) &m*re(: + + + + + +

A%e %em m  E(" E("&*ar &*ar,, -#me -#me a Car* Ca r*a% a%%# %#d& d& .ua .uam m, , Sam# Sam#ra ra Cam Ca mp&( p&( E(" E("u urra ra,, Sa% Sa%%%) C&r &rrrea E(p E(p##&/a &/a,, 0&(1 0&(1 D2a/ Pe Pe3a, 0& 0&(1 Mar ar!2 !2 e/ L$ L$pe/, pe/, Er# Er#4 4a

A3&: 5!& a3&, (e""#$ 6A7 .&rar#&: Mar!e(8 9:;; < = 95:;; < Cur(&: I>e#er2a de %&( Pr&"e(&( A%#me!ar#&( D&"e!e: I>' Gu(!av& Ca(!r& M&ra%e( Fe"

9

CURVA DE PENETRACION DE CALOR EN UN PRODUCTO


Curva de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r e u pr&du"!&. Alemán, Ximena; Campos, Sall; Ca!"alli#o, Sami!a; Co!!ea, $os%; D&a', $os%; (a!)&ne', E!i*a+ A%um&( de %a U#ver(#dad Na"#&a% Feder#"& V#%%arrea%, Fa"u%!ad de O"ea&>ra2a, Pe(Buer2a, C#e"#a( A%#me!ar#a( ) A"u#"u%!ura' Pa%a*ra( "%ave: Tra!am#e!& !1rm#"&, pee!ra"#$, "a%&r, a%#me!&(, eva(e(, "&(erva('

Re(ume:

Summar):

E% pre(e!e !ra*a?& ue rea%#/ad& "& e%  de de!erm#ar %a e"ua"#$ de %a "urva de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r e u a%#me!& eva(ad& e <&?a%a!a, para e% "ua% (e pud& u!#%#/ar ua "&(erva de re?&%e( & *#e ua "&(erva de a!u e >ra!ed' E% !ra*a?& (e rea%#/$ u(ad& ua "&(erva de re?&%e( a*r#"ad& p&r a%um&( de %a Fa"u%!ad de O"ea&>ra2a, Pe(Buer2a ) C#e"#a( A%#me!ar#a( de %a U#ver(#dad Na"#&a% Feder#"& V#%%arrea%' Para e(!& (e "&%&"$ u !erm$me!r& Bue m#d#era %a !empera!ura e e% pu!& m( r2& "e!r& >e&m1!r#"& de% eva(e' La( !empera!ura( uer& re>#(!rada( m#u!& a m#u!& ar a ua !empera!ura "&(!a!e' E(!&( da!&( uer& pr&"e(ad&( a  de &*!eer %a( >r"a( re(pe"!#va( ) (u( e"ua"#&e( de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r'

T<#( &r4 a( per&rmed # &rder !& de!erm#e !#> !#, &r <#"< ra!ed' T "aed *ea( maua"!ured *) (!ude!( r&m !rap<), F#(e&me!r#" "e!er & !rap<( ad eBua!#&( &

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INDICE I'

INTRODUCCINHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH''

II'

O0ETIVOSHHHHH''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

III'

MARCO TEORICOHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH'''

IV'

METODOLOGÍAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

V'

PRESENTACIN DE RESULTADOSHHHHHHHHHH''''

VI'

DISCUSIONESHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH''

VII'

CONCLUSIONESHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH'''

VIII'

ILIOGRAFÍAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

I-'

ANE-OSHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH'


@


INTRODUCCIÓN

I.

Dura!e %&( !ra!am#e!&( !1rm#"&( %&( a%#me!&( p#erde va%&r u!r#!#v& ) puede adBu#r#r "ara"!er2(!#"a( #de(ea*%e( e (u ar&ma, !eJ!ura ) "&%&r' S# *#e a%>u&( ava"e( !e"&%$>#"&( "&m& e% eva(ad& a(1p!#"& ) e% pr&"e(am#e!& de a%#me!&( eva(ad&( e au!&"%ave( r&!a!#va( 1!#"&, e(!&( *ee"#&( & rad& de "&""#$ & u#&rme' C&(e"ue!eme!e %a( p1rd#da( de "a%#dad (& ma)&re( e d#"ra d#me!r&' P&r %& a!er#&r re(u%!a de >ra #!er1( e% d#(e3& ) &p!#m#/a"#$ de% !ra!am#e!& !1rm#"& de pr&du"!&( ($%#d&( eva(ad&( a %&( e( de m##m#/ar d#"#"& dura!e e% !ra!am#e!& !1rm#"&, %&( "ua%e( puede (er "ua!#"ad&( med#a!e %&( parme!r&( C+va%&r va%&r de "&""#$ ) F+va%&r va%&r de e(!er#%#dad, re(pe"!#vame!e' Para eva%uar am*a( "#1!#"a( de de(!ru""#$ de*e "&&"er(e %a ev&%u"#$ !1rm#"a de% pr&du"!& e !&d& (u d&m##&' E e(!e (e!#d& e% m&de%ad& ) (#mu%a"#$ de d#"<& pr&"e(&

OBEJETIVOS  Rea%#/ar ua "urva de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r, e u eva(e de re?&%, re>#(!rad&, Tempera!ura T  T#emp& !, rea%#/ad& %a >ra"a ) %a !a*%a,
C& e(a #&rma"#$ ap%#"ar %a e"ua"#$ de F&ur#er rea%#/ad& %a >r"a re(pe"!#va'

MARCO TEORICO PENETRACION DE CALOR Para (a*er "u!& !#emp& (e a#(m&( Bue a>ua!a a 9; C ) !eem&( Bue (a*er "u% e( %a par!e de% eva(e Bue !arda m( e a%"a/ar e(a !empera!ura, para e%%& emp%earem&( !erm&pare(' T&d& e(!& va a (er u"#$ de %a &rma de% eva(e ) de% a%#me!& Bue e&m1!r#"& de% eva(e' La "&du""#$, "&m& &rma K#"a de !ra(m#(#$ de% "a%&r (e va a pr&du"#r e a%#me!&( ($%#d&( )a Bue e% "a%&r (e !ra(m#!e de par!2"u%a a par!2"u%a, %& "ua% %& rad#e!e de !empera!ura e!re %a( par!2"u%a( para Bue (e %%eve a "a*&' Tam*#1 va a depeder de %a( "ara"!er2(!#"a( de %&( a%#me!&(' E e% re(!& de "a(&( (e va a pr&du"#r ua "&m*#a"#$ de "&du""#$ ) de "&ve""#$ !ra(m#(#$ de "a%&r p&r


5

CURVA DE PENETRACION DE CALOR EN UN PRODUCTO "&rr#e!e( Bue (e &r#>#a e e% #!er#&r de% eva(e de*#d& a% "am*#& de de(#dad de %&( %2Bu#d&( a% "a%e!ar(e' Cua!& m( %2Bu#d& eJ#(!a ma)&r !ra(m#(#$ p&r "&ve""#$ va a
FUENTES Y MÉTODOS APLICACIÓN DEL CALOR.

DE

Va a eJ#(!#r var#&( m1!&d&( per& e% pr#"#pa% "r#!er#& de (e%e""#$ e( e% de% "&(!e, !am*#1 e(! e% de %a (e>ur#dad de %a( #(!a%a"#&e(, e% r#e(>& de "&!am#a"#$ de %&( a%#me!&( ) %&( "&(!e( de ma!e#m#e!&' N&rma%me!e, %& Bue m( (e u(a e( >a( )& "&m*u(!#*%e( %2Bu#d&( de*#d& a Bue %a e%e"!r#"#dad e( *a(!a!e m( "ara' La e%e"!r#"#dad !#ee %a( ve!a?a( de %a (e>ur#dad ) de% "&!r&% de %&( pr&"e(&(' C&m& "&m*u(!#*%e( ($%#d&( (e emp%ea %a a!ra"#!a ) %a madera, !am*#1 (e emp%ea re(#du&( a>r2"&%a( auBue e me&r pr&p&r"#$' L&( m1!&d&( de "a%e!am#e!& puede (er: D#re"!&(: E% "a%&r pr&du"e pr&du"!&( de "&m*u(!#$ e "&!a"!& "& %&( a%#me!&( "are a %a parr#%%a, & e e% pr&"e(& de !&(!ad& de %a( >a%%e!a(, e e% Bue %&( Buemad&re( e(! e "&!a"!& "& %a( >a%%e!a(, p&r e?' E e(!&( m1!&d&( %a !ra(m#(#$ de% "a%&r e( m( (e>ura ) pr&p&r"#&a ua (er#e de "ara"!er2(!#"a( de!erm#ada(, per& e% pr&du"!& puede ver(e "&!am#ad& p&r par!2"u%a( eJ!ra3a(' L& m( emp%ead& e( e% >a( p&rBue (e Buema pr"!#"ame!e !&d& 1% (# de?ar apea( re(#du&(, %& Bue & (u"ede "& "&m*u(!#*%e( ($%#d&( & %2Bu#d&('


Id#re"!&(: Se va a emp%ear #!er"am*#ad&re( de "a%&r' Se >eera "a%&r e u pu!& eJ!er& a% rea de pr&"e(ad& "& u pr#mer #!er"am*#ad&r de "a%&r ) de(pu1(, e u (e>ud& #!er"am*#ad&r de "a%&r, (e "a%#e!a e% pr&du"!&' Se p&dr emp%ear !am*#1 re(#(!e"#a( e%1"!r#"a( & Irarr&?&('

EFECTOS DEL CALOR SOBRE LOS MICROORGANISMOS E% "a%&r de(a!ura%#/a %a( pr&!e2a( ) %a( e/#ma( Bue (& v#!a%e( para e% "&!r&% de% me!a*&%#(m& de %&( m#"r&&r>a#(m&( p&r %& Bue a"a*a mur#ed&' E% Bue (e e"e(#!e !#emp& para m#"r&&r>a#(m&( "&"e!ra"#$ (u d#(m#u"#$ (e eJp&e"#a%'

ua ma)&r & me&r de(!ru#r %&( depede de (u "&!am#a"#$' Su rea%#/a de &rma

Curva de Desru!!"#$ T%r&"!a' TDT( E( %a "urva Bue &( ree?a e% !#emp& 6D7 e"e(ar#& para de(!ru#r e% ; de %&( m#"r&&r>a#(m&( eJ#(!e!e( e u a%#me!&' U va%&r >rade de D (up&e ua >ra re(#(!e"#a a% "a%&r' A !empera!ura( "ada ve/ ma)&re(, e% !#emp& de de(!ru""#$ d#(m#u)e' S# ere!am&( D "& %a !empera!ura &*!eem&( e% va%&r de , #"reme!& de %a !empera!ura e"e(ar#& para d#(m#u#r 9; ve"e( e% va%&r de D e( de"#r, e% !#emp& pre"#(& para m#&rar %a "ar>a de m#"r&&r>a#(m&( e u ; : Para "ara"!er#/ar %a re(#(!e"#a de u m#"r&&r>a#(m& & de ua e/#ma (e va a emp%ear %&( va%&re( de  ) de D'






FACTORES )UE DETERMINAN LA RESISTENCIA AL CALOR DE UN MICROORGANISMO'

mere"er %a pea ap%#"ar m( "a%&r & m( !#emp& de ap%#"a"#$ para de(!ru#r%&('

T"*+ de +r,a$"s&+ Mes#/+s + Ps"!r#/+0.

E u"#$ de %a re(#(!e"#a ap%#"arem&( e% !ra!am#e!& "&rre(p&d#e!e, e %a pr"!#"a (e "&>e mue(!ra( de %&( d#ere!e( m#"r&&r>a#(m&( ) rea%#/am&( prue*a( "& e%%a( para ver "u!& !#emp& re(#(!e %&( pa!$>e&( m( re(#(!e!e('

-Ter&#/+'

La( "&d#"#&e( e %a*&ra!&r#& ) e %a #du(!r#a va a (er %a( m#(ma( e "ua!& a %a "&d#"#$ de% &r>a#(m&'

Fa!+res de "$!u1a!"#$ 2 !re!"&"e$+ de/ &"!r++r,a$"s&+. La( "&d#"#&e( e %a*&ra!&r#& ) e %a #du(!r#a va a (er d#(!#!a( e "ua!& a e(&( a"!&re( de% med#& e e% Bue (e va a e"&!rar'

C+$d"!"+$es dura$e e/ raa&"e$+ %r&"!+ -*30. La( "&d#"#&e( e %a*&ra!&r#& ) e %a #du(!r#a va a (er d#(!#!a( e "ua!& a e(&( a"!&re( de% med#& e e% Bue (e va a e"&!rar' P&r e?' La( *a"!er#a( "&m& e% "%&(!r#d#um, (a%m&e%%a va a (&p&r!ar pe&r %&( med#&( "#d&( ) %a( %evadura( %&( a>ua!a me?&r'

A!"v"dad de/ a,ua -4u&edad de raa&"e$+0. E% "a%&r
C+&*+s"!"#$ de/ a/"&e$+. La pre(e"#a de >ra(a(, pr&!e2a(, "&%&#de( ) (a"ar&(a va a aume!ar %a re(#(!e"#a de %&( m#"r&&r>a#(m&( a %a de(!ru""#$ auBue e e% "a(& de %a (a"ar&(a, ua a%!a "&"e!ra"#$ !#ee %a pr&p#edad de a*(&r*er a>ua re(!ad& a"!#v#dad de% a>ua a %&( &r>a#(m&( .a) a%>u&( e/#ma( mu) re(#(!e!e( a p. "#d&( e ru!a( p&r e?emp%&, p&r %& Bue
S# %&>ram&( e%#m#ar%&(, me!&(, e u !ra!am#e!& !1rm#"&, (#>ue %a( m#(ma( pau!a( Bue %&( m#"r&&r>a#(m&( per& (u( va%&re( de D ) de  (& m( a%!&(8 e!&"e( %& #dea% (er ap%#"ar a%!a( !empera!ura( e p&"& !#emp&' A par!#r de %a( "urva( TDT, p&drem&( e%e>#r %a "&m*#a"#$ Tempera!uraT#emp& $p!#m&( %&( Bue (up&>a me&r "&(!e' E(!a (er %a *a(e de %&( pr&"e(&( de U.T ) .TST' E %&( a%#me!&( va a eJ#(!#r "am*#&( u!r#"#&a%e( e pr&!e2a(, >ra(a(, a%m#d$, auBue a ve"e( puede %%e>ar a (er *ee"#&(&( %a( pr&!e2a( "&a>u%a >e%a!##/ad& & >e%#"ad& a%>u&( pr&du"!&(, &!ra( ve"e( (e de(!ru)e "&mp&e!e( a!# u!r#"#&a%e('

RESISTENCIA A LA PENETRACIÓN DEL CALOR. E% "&e"#e!e de !ra(m#(#$ de %&( eva(e( (ue%e (er a%!& & (& a#(%a!e( ) & repre(e!a >rade( %#m#!a"#&e( e e% !#emp& de pr&"e(&' Iu)e m( e% !#p& de a%#me!&, %a !ra(m#(#$ p&r "&ve""#$ e( m(





CURVA DE PENETRACION DE CALOR EN UN PRODUCTO rp#da Bue %a de "&du""#$' Ser me?&r e %2Bu#d&( & e &!r&( pr&du"!&(, "&m& %&( >u#(a!e( Bue e *%&Bue( ($%#d&(' L&( pr&du"!&( v#("&(&(, "ua!& m( u#d&( (ea me&( %e( "&(!ar "a%e!ar(e' E% !ama3& de% eva(e !am*#1 #u)e p&rBue %a re%a"#$ (uper"#e de "a%e!am#e!&v&%ume a "a%e!ar e( me&r' Tarda m( e "a%e!ar(e ) e %%e>ar e% "a%&r a% "e!r& de% re"#p#e!e' S# e% eva(e e( a>#!ad& (e va a a"#%#!ar %a( "&rr#e!e( de "&ve""#$ ) e%

"a%e!am#e!& (er m( rp#d& (&%& para a%#me!&( %2Bu#d&( & v#("&(&(' Cua!& ma)&r (ea e% >rad#e!e de !empera!ura e!re e% pr&du"!& ) %a /&a de pr&"e(ad&, ma)&r e( %a rap#de/' Va a #u#r %a &rma de% eva(e (#ed& %&( a%ar>ad&( %&( Bue m( a"#%#!a %a !ra(m#(#$' E% ma!er#a% & #u)e dema(#ad& e %a !ra(m#(#$, e% me!a% e( *ue "&du"!&r, e% v#dr#& ) e% p%(!#"& (& (#m#%are( per& de a%>& pe&r !ra(m#(#$'

RESULTADOS. Cuadr+ 56. Pre(e!a"#$ de da!&( re"&>#d&( dura!e %a pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r e %a "&(erva de re?&%e(' "e&*+ -0 &"$u+ s ;

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CURVA DE PENETRACION DE CALOR EN UN PRODUCTO 59

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9;



Re*rese$a!"#$ e$ e/ */a$+ !ares"a$+ de /a e!ua!"#$ de S4u/9 2 O/s+$ 9': 9 ;'V

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"e&*+ -0 &"$u+s


99



Re*rese$a!"#$ e$ e/ */a$+ !ares"a$+ de /a e!ua!"#$ de S4u/9 2 O/s+$ 9': 9 ADJ  9'9@ eJpD +;';: J  RY  ;'QQ ;'V DTR+TpmADTR+T&;'  -TR:T*&70;-TR:T+0 ;'5

EJp&e!#a% DDTR+TpmADTR+T&

;': ; ; 9; :; @; 5; M; ; U; V; Q; 9;;

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9



De/ ,r?!+ +1e$e&+s( TR −Tpmf TR −Tpmf − 0,023 t − 0,01 t ó =1,1293 e =1,1293 x 10 TR −¿ TR−¿

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1,1293 x 10

=

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( TR−¿ ) x 1,1293 x 10

− 0,01 t

= TR −Tpmf

F"$a/&e$e +1e$e&+s /a e!ua!"#$ de S4u/9  O/s+$ *ara /a !+$serva de 7re@+/es( Tpmf =TR−( TR −¿ ) x 1,1293 x 10

−0,01 t

•

CONCLUSIONES( •

Se re>#(!r$ %a var#a"#$ de !empera!ura( p&r %a !ra(ere"#a de "a%&r, de %a re!&r!a
•


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9@


•

e (u( va%&re( de !empera!ura per& ma!#ee %a m#(ma !ede"#a' C& %a a)uda de% "e(&r (e de!erm#$ %a !empera!ura e e% pu!& r2& de% a%#me!& e%a!ad& re?&%, adem( de %a ve%&"#dad de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r dura!e e% pr&"e(& !1rm#"&' C& e(!e "&&"#m#e!& (e pud& &*!eer %a "urva de pee!ra"#$ de "a%&r ) ver#"ar (# (e a%"a/$ & & e e% pu!& r2& %a( "&d#"#&e( de pr&"e(& !#emp& + !empera!ura ) p&der %&>rar %a e(!er#%#/a"#$ "&mer"#a% de% a%#me!&'

E u a%#me!& ($%#d& e%a!ad& e %a "ua% (e !#ee u "a%e!am#e!& p&r "&du""#$, e% pu!& r#& e(!ar (#!uad& e e% "e!r& >e&m1!r#"& de% eva(e8 m#e!ra( Bue e e% "a(& de %&( a%#me!&( Bue "a%#e!a p&r "&ve""#$ a%#me!&( %2Bu#d&(, e% pu!& r#& (e %&"a%#/a p&r de*a?& de% "e!r& de %a %a!a' ZE ue(!ra eJper#e"#a e %a*&ra!&r#&, (e !ra*a?$ "& ua "&(erva de re?&%e(, a e(!e (e %e m#d#$ !a!& e% d#me!r& "&m& e% %ar>&, para p&der & (u "e!r& >e&m1!r#"& e #(er!ar e% "e(&r ) de!erm#ar a(2 %a !empera!ura e (u pu!& r2&'

DISCUSION( •

Grup& N&r#e>a e 6I!r&du""#$ a %a !e"&%&>2a de a%#me!&(7 &( me"#&a Que e% pu!& r#& & pu!& "r2!#"&, a% pu!& e e% (e& de% a%#me!& Bue a%"a/a %a !empera!ura de pr&"e(& & *#e e% pu!& e% pu!& de m( %e!& "a%e!am#e!&'


BIBLIOGRAFIA A>uad& A%&(&, 0', e! a%' I>e#er2a de %a Idu(!r#a a%#me!ar#a, v&%ume I C&"ep!&( *(#"&(, Madr#d, E(pa3a: Ed#!&r#a% S2!e(#( S'A', 9

Grup& N&r#e>a ;;5' 6I!r&du""#$ a %a !e"&%&>2a de a%#me!&(7' M1J#"&' Ed#!&r#a%: L#mu(a S'A'


95

A$e+s( MAPA COMCEPTUAL

8 Informe, Calor en Lata de Frejol

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