Fundamentals of PSCAD and General Applications Version 4.2
Tutorials 1 – 6 Getting Started and Basic Features
Tutorial 1 Topics Covered:
Creating Cases Saving your projects Control Palette, Electrical Palette and the Master Master Library Changing component parameters Adding graphs Displaying Channel units on graphs Creating Libraries Copying component definitions and creating instances Modifying component definitions T1.1 Create a new case by using either the Menu or Toolbar . A new case should appear in the Workspace entitled noname [psc]. [psc]. RightRight-click on this Workspace entry and select Save As… give the case a name. NOTE: Do not use any spaces in the name! Create a folder called c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_1 c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_ 1. Save the case as case01.psc inside the folder you just created. Library, Control Palette, T1.2 Open the main page of your new case. Build the circuit that is shown below using the Master Library Electrical Palette and the Add Component Menu. You may use Wire M ode ode or the regular regular wires to connect different components. Wire Mode can be initiated by pressing Ctrl + W.
You will have to double click (or right click and select Edit Parameters) on some components to enter the correct parameters for this case.
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Data L Label abel The Data Label component can be understood as a local variable (local to the circuit page it is is placed on). The Data must be defined by some data signal (it can only be defined in one location ). In the above circuit they are defined by their connection to a wire that is carrying a data signal. They can also be defined on some parameter pages for certain components (sometimes called called internal output variables). Once the Data Label is defined it can be referenced any number of times. The Output Channels are not directly connected to the circuit but are instead connected to the circuit via the Data Labels . The Output Channel component is what allows data signals to be added to graphs and meters for viewing .
Change the Output Channel parameters so they the y display their name on the circuit and on the graph.
If a unit is entered into the Output Channel configuration page it will be displayed on any graph that contains that Output Channel (it will also display on meters meters too). Experiment with this feature. feature. T1.3 Plot Signals Y, X1 and X2. Nayak Corporation
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Main : Graphs 5.0
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There are many ways to create plots in PSCAD. The first step is to place the Graph F rame rame (available on the Controls Palette , or using the Add Component menu). Next a graph needs to be added to the the frame. To do this, right right click inside the frame and select Add Overlay Graph (you can also place your pointer inside the frame and press the Insert key).
hannel for signal Y and select Input/Output Next the signal signal must be added to the the graph. Right click on the Output C hannel Reference Add as Curve
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Now paste the curve by right clicking on the graph and selecting Paste Curve.
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Alternatively, Alternatively, once you have created the frame and added the graph you can drag and drop (left click and hold, hold the Ctrl utput C hannel hannel inside key) the Output C inside the graph.
utput C hannel hannel and selecting Input/Output Reference The entire process can also be done in one step by right clicking the O utput C Add Overlay Graph with Signal. Signal .
Try each method of creating plots. rame and select Add Overlay Graph (Analog). Next To add an additional graph to the frame, right click on the Graph F rame follow the above steps for adding the additional curves, make sure you add them to the graph you just created. Can we change this circuit to calculate [Y = 9.75 * Tan 15t] without adding any new components? T1.4 Save the case and then unload New Library. A new library should appear unload it. Create a new library by using File noname[.psl] .psl]. Right-click in the Workspace entitled noname[ Right-click on this Workspace entry and select Save As. Save the library as case02.psl in c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_ c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_1. 1.
your new library. To T1.5 Under the Definitions branch, copy the Definition called Multiplier from the Master Library into your Definitions (click the small + sign to their left). do this expand the Master Library and expand the Definitions left). Find the Multiplier definition, right click it and select Copy Definition .
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Next paste the definition inside the definitions branch for the library you just created.
Rename the definition as my_mult by right clicking the definition name and selecting Properties. You can also enter a new description.
Create an instance of the component by right clicking my_mult and selecting Create Instance. Open the Design Editor for space or right click it and select Open) and paste the instance of your library(double click the library name in the Work space my_mult . from your library. library. Run the ultiplier in this case with the one from T1.6 Open case01.psc and save it as case02.psc. Replace the M ultiplier case02.psc. Unload both the case and the library. Reload the case and then the case to verify you you get the same results. Save case02.psc library, Do Not Save the Case! Run the case again. again. What happens?
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Output Window. Errors are denoted When the compiler re reports an error with the case it will show up in the Output Window denoted by red flags and and warnings are denoted denoted by yellow flags. Clicking the plus next to red flag will allow you see see what the error is. Double click the error message to see where the problem lies on the Design Editor .
Unload the case again again and this time time load your library before before the case. Did this correct the problem? Leave your cursor stationary over the multiplier in case02.psc. This pop up indicates the location location of the definition for for this component. component. Verify that this location is different then the locations of the other components in the case.
T1.7 Save case02.psl as case03.psl and save case02.psc as case03.psc.
definition of my_mult . Right click on the T1.8 Change the function so Y = (2*X1) * X2. To do this we will edit the definition component component definition ( my_mult ) in case03.psl and select Edit Definition . Click the Script tab located between the Design Editor and the Output Window.
Change the equation to: $OUT = 2 * $IN1 * $IN2 Replace the Multiplier in case03.psc with the one from case03.psl. Run the case and observe the results.
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Tutorial 2 Topics Covered
Changing the solution and plot time step Graph features (Zoom, Axis properties, crosshairs, curve properties, markers) Component help Single line and 3 line diagrams Control signal arrays array s Data Tap T2.1 In your …Program Files/pscad42/examples/tutorial directory, open the case project called simpleac.psc. Save the case as simpleac01.psc in c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_ c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_2 2. Set the the Plot Step to to 50 s and run the case. The simulations simulations run ditor and selecting time, solution time step and plot step can all be adjusted by right clicking an open area of the Design E ditor setting can be modified modified by clicking the Runtime tab. Project Settings. These setting
functions and their keyboard shortcuts. Using the Zoom feature, feature, zoom T2.2 Run the case. Try to get familiar with the graph functions into the area where the fault occurs. occurs. To view the various zoom options right right click on the graph and then select select Zoom.
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Zoom in on the area where the fault occurs on the 3 Phase Breaker Current graph by left clicking, holding and dragging a box around that section of the graph. Release the left mouse button button and the graph will zoom in on the selected selected area. area .
properties double click on the X axis or right click on T2.3 Change the X axis scale manually. To access the horizontal axis properties it and select Axis Properties. You can assign the axis a title, change the limits, limits, adjust the grid and toggle the markers markers from this window.
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The X axis can also be modified by using the scroll bar at the bottom of the graph frame. You can adjust the size of the bar to change the size of the aperture viewing the graph. Move your pointer to one of the vertical edges of the scroll bar, when your pointer changes to the horizontal arrows click, click, hold and drag to resize it. Moving the entire scroll bar will move the aperture to along the time axis .
The Y axis can be changed as well by double clicking on the axis or right clicking the graph and selecting Graph Properties. Here you can toggle various graph preferences, assign a title, and change the limits and grid.
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T2.4 T2.4 Give the graph a title. To access the Graph Frame Properties Properties double click on the top of the graph frame frame or right click the top of the frame and select Graph Frame Properties. Several graph preferences preferences can be toggled from this window as well.
Current. This can be done T2.5 T2.5 Add the 3 Phase Source Current curve to the graph already containing the 3 Phase Breaker Current. using several methods. methods. This can be done by right clicking clicking the curve name on the top graph and select select Copy Curve. Then paste the curve inside inside the second graph. Alternatively you can can also left click in the curve name and hold, then drag the curve curve name to the graph you wish to add that curve to. You can also drag and drop the correct Output Channel inside the graph. The curve order within the Graph Frame Frame can also be changed using the drag drag and drop method. You will see a bold Nayak Corporation
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Channel inside a graph. The placeholder indicates placeholder when you drag a curve or Output Channel indicates where the curve will be placed when you drop it. Change the order of the curves.
T2.6 Invoke the cross hairs mode and follow follow the curves using this function. To do this, right click on the graph then select select Preferences Show Cross Hair . Alternatively you can place your pointer pointer over the graph and press the C key.
The cross hairs allow you to follow a curve point by point by left clicking, holding and sliding the mouse ho rizontally to move along the curve. The X and Y coordinates for that point are displayed on the graph. graph. To change curves within within a single graph use the space bar. The curve name which you currently have selected selected will be underlined.
Turn the cross hairs off, zoom out to the previous view and resize if necessary. T2.7 T2.7 Hide the Phase A and B traces (traces 1 and 2) from the 3 Phase Breaker Current channel and the 3 Phase Source Current channel. Make the 3 Phase Breaker Current Current curve bold and change change its color. To make Phase A and Phase B traces click the curve name and remove the check under V . invisible single left click the
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To change the color of the 3 Phase Breaker Current curve, double click the curve name or right click it and select Curve Properties. Check Display the active trace with a custom style and then click Color and pick a new one, also put a check in the box next to Bold. This will only modify the properties for for the active trace, trace, (the active trace is the one with the radio button selected in the above picture) make sure trace 3 (C phase) is active.
Experiment with the different styles available in the Curve Properties window. T2.8 T2.8 Experiment with the the markers. To turn the markers markers on, right click on the graph and select Preferences Show graph and press the M key. The markers will show up on on the X axis markers. You can also place your pointer over the graph labelled as X and O. Drag the X marker to the peak of one of the 3 Phase Phase Load Voltage traces before the fault has occurred. Hide the remaining remaining traces. Move the O marker to the next successive successive peak and observe the . Next right click click on the X axis and select Toggle Frequency/Delta (or press the F key while your cursor is over the the X axis). What is the frequency of the wave you are measuring? What is the ?
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T2.9 Save simpleac01.psc and then save it as simpleac02.psc in c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_2 c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_2.. T2.10 T2.10 Convert the Sending End circuit to Three Phase format.
Double click on the components or right click and select Edit Parameters, change the Graphics Display to Single line view.
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Use the 3 Phase Breakout component to interface the 3 Phase View to Single Line Line View. Compile the case and see see what happens (right click an open area and select Compile or use the Compile All icon
).
ap to derive the three voltage signals from the T2.11 T2.11 Measure the line to ground voltage on the sending end. Use the D ata T ap voltmeter connected to the single line. Plot the voltages.
oltmeter to Ground on the sending end. This meter will measure all 3 phase voltages and place them in an array. If Place a V oltmeter the voltmeter was connected to one of the single phase phase wires it would only measure that phase voltage. voltage. Each position of an array can be “tapped” using the D ata Tap component. Change the Start at Index Number parameter for the Data Tap component to choose which phase voltage will be pulled from the VSE data array (phase A is position 1, phase B is position 2 and so on). Create the structure shown below to plot each array position.
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utput C hannels hannels. Run the case and compare both plots. Now create a new graph and add the Output C
Single click on the three phase phase curve name and observe the difference difference between it and the three, single single phase curves. Change the active trace and experiment with the cross hairs. hairs. The space bar will allow you to change which curve you are following following on a single graph. If a curve has multiple traces, traces, the crosshair will only follow follow the active trace.
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Tutorial 33- Simple AC System Topics Covered:
Constructing a more advanced case Adding controls Fly by windows Multimeter Units System System Online Frequency Scanner Adding Polymeters Adding Meters Adding a Sequence of Events Creating a Page module (imports, exports, nodes, Xnodes) Data Merge Radio links T3.1 Create a new case and save it as accircuit01.psc in c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_ c:……/PscadTraining/Tutorial_3 3 T3.2 Open the main page of your new case. C onstruct the circuit as shown below using the methods discussed up until now.
Source Model 2 and externally control it using a Real Constant tag for frequency and a Slider to control Use the Three Phase Source Model the voltage voltage.. How do you make make the source externally controlled? Open the Slider parameters and title title it it Vsrc, change the min and max values values to 0 and 20. Set the initial initial value at 14.4. Add the slider to a Control Panel Panel so you can graphically change its values. To do this right click click on the slider and and select Input/Output Reference Add as Control. Add the C ontrol ontrol Panel and then right click inside and select Paste. This component can also be dragged and dropped inside the control panel.
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You may wonder what type of voltage value the 3 phase source is going to output when controlled by the slider (L-G Peak, L-L L-L RMS etc…). If the source was controlled internally internally you could find this information information on the relevant parameters parameters page .
To view what will be output you you can use a helpful feature feature in PSCAD called a fly-by window. Place your pointer over the connection between the slider and source model (on the source side) side) and then leave the mouse stationary. You can see from the window that the source is looking for LL -G Peak at this connection.
Create a graph graph and monitor currents Ia, Ib and Ic using the Multimeter component (click the icon). The metering components take the electrical signals signals and convert them to data signals. The Multimeter component is new to version 4.2 and is convenient because it can perform perform the function of several meters meters all combined into one component. Alternatively the phase currents could have been measured using the Internal Outputs page of the Three Phase Breaker component. Set the Timed Breaker Logic for 1 operation and set the breaker so it is initially closed and will open at 0.4 sec. Externally control the Three Phase Fault with a Dial. Initiate the fault fault at 0.1 sec., with a duration of 0.2 sec. How can you tell which fault will occur at each dial position (if the sticky note wasn’t present)? Run the case multiple times, each time trying a different Fault Type. Experiment with different fault and breaker times. times. What happens when the series inductors are all set to 0.5 H? W hy?
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New to version 4.2 is a units system. system. Change the load resistances resistances to 0.1 [kohm] [kohm] and make sure sure the results are the same. A Index, type unit, press enter and then select Units detailed description of the units system can be found under Help parameters have a target unit. Using a new unit simply simply means that a scale factor is applied to the the value the System. Most parameters user enters to arrive at the target target unit. The target unit, values and other information can be seen by right clicking the component and selecting selecting View Properties.
If you are loading a case from a previous version of PSCAD, by default the Units System will be disabled. You can enable this function by right clicking an open area of the Design Editor , select Project Settings, click the Dynamics tab and put a check in the box for Unit System. This process can also be used to disable the system in a 4.2 case. T3.3 T3.3 Save the case and then save it as accircuit02.psc.
currents flowing through the breaker during each T3.4 T3.4 Your supervisor asks you to monitor the magnitude of the harmonic currents On- Line Frequency Scanner component for this as shown below. fault: Use the Onbelow . Use the Data Tap component to pull only the first 7 positions from from the array (the first 7 harmonics). Set the starting index index as 1 and the the dimension as 7. Plot the magnitudes in a standard time plot as well as in a Polymeter . To add a Polymeter , right click on the Output Channel and select Input/Output Reference Add as Polymeter. Right click on an open section of the Design Editor and select Paste. You will probably need to make the page bigger so you have enough room room for your plots. To do this, right click an open are a of the Design Editor and select Page Setup. Choose a new paper size.
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Take note of the various options within the Online Frequency Scanner component. Set the type as 3 phase, the base frequency as 60 Hz and the number of harmonics to 63. It is important to note that the simulation time step needs to be small enough to allow for at least 2 samples per period for the harmonics harmonics of interest. A good rule of thumb is to allow for 10 samples per period. Also it is important to set the maximum maximum frequency of interest towards the middle middle of the total spectrum you are measuring. measuring. This will allow for a sufficient number number of samples to to achieve accurate results. results. To see the difference difference in the results change the number of harmonics to 7. With the above circuit we are only tapping the first 7 positions from and array of 63 positions.
In the Polymeter , each bar represents the time varying magnitude of a harmonic. The first bar represents the fundamental; the second bar represents the second harmonic and so on.
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You can click on bar to see its magnitude at the end of the simulation. simulation. The above picture was obtained by only running the simulation for 0.12 seconds. M a in in : G ra ra h s
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In the time plots each curve represents represents a harmonic. Single clicking on the curve name name will display the list of curves present present in the graph. Run the case again multiple times, each time trying a different Fault Type. T3.5 T3.5 Save the case and then save it as accircuit03.psc. eter between the breaker T3.6 T3.6 Add a Three Phase RMS Voltage M eter breaker and the fault branch. You can copy the example implementation for the Meter page of the Master Library. Set the Voltage for PerPer-Unitizing Unitizing to the voltage specified in your source. Add the output to both a time plot and a meter.
To add the signal to a meter, place a Control Panel on the Design Editor . Right click the Output Channel and select inside the Control Panel. You can also hold down the Ctrl Input/Output Reference Add as Meter Meter. Paste the reference inside key and drag and drop the Output Channel inside the Control Panel.
T3.7 3.7 Save the case and then save it as accircuit04.psc. Nayak Corporation
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T3.8 T3.8 Construct a Sequence of Events using components from the sequencer section of the master li brary, which performs exactly the same timed control logic you are using now for your breaker and fault. When you are finished, delete the Timed Fault Logic and Timed Breaker Logic components and provide the required control signals from your Sequencer.
A sequencer is useful when performing an event driven process instead of simple time driven processes in which case the timed logic may be acceptable. acceptable. The sequencer can also be useful useful when you wish to perform a number of time driven driven operations operations that exceed the number allowed in the simple timed logic. T3.9 T3.9 Create a page module and move the Three Phase Fault component, along with the Dial, inside of it.
Use the
Component Wizard to construct this page module (click the
icon or right click and select Create New Component). Once the Wizard opens give your component a name, specify the number of connections needed (3 electrical and 1 data) and check the Page Module box.
Next go through each connection, the top 3 will all be fixed electrical connections and the bottom will be integer input data. The dimension for each can be left as the default of 1. If we were using a single connection for all 3 electrical electrical nodes (single line view) we would set the dimension as 3.
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Finish the wizard and place the the component. If you made a mistake with with the wizard (except for forgetting forgetting to check Page Module box) you can correct it after the the component is created. All of the connections are placed on the Graphics page and the component name can be changed from the definitions section in the Workspace. You can can double double click click on your component and then click the Graphic tab at the bottom of the Design Editor or you can right click the component and select Edit Definition .
Double clicking on any of the nodes nodes will allow you to change its its parameters. The electrical connections connections are black and the data connections are dependent on their Data Type (Logical = Pink, Integer = Blue, Blue, Real = Green). You can change what will be displayed on the main page of the circuit here, you also can add text and shapes to make your component more presentable. Experiment with with the graphics. graphics.
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The graphic needs to be interfaced interfaced to the circuit components components inside the page module. Go back to the main page and then double click on your component and make sure you are in the circuit page (at the bottom left of the Design Editor ). ). Here you will paste the 3 Phase Fault component from the main page. C
C
B
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A
F A U L T S
n i T L F
You will also need to paste the the dial on this this page. Three Xnodes are needed to interface the circuit to the graphics, they need to have the same name as the node they they represent in the graphics. graphics. Also an Import is needed to bring the data signal in, this also needs needs to have the same name as the data node in the graphic. icon). A Default Module is simply a page T3.10 T3.10 Add a Default Module to the main page to house all the plots (click the module without any connections. However, you can add connections and have all the same functionality as the component we created using the the wizard. Cut and Paste all all of the plots inside the page module you just created. Your finished circuit circuit should look like the one below. below .
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Panel housing the Dial Dial Note that the graphs do not have to be on the same page as the Output Channels. Also the Control Panel Interface and the Dial itself are not on the same page. Create a C ontrol ontrol Panel for the dial inside the page module containing the 3 Phase Fault . Change the Dial position and observe both Control Panels.
T3.11 Create a data signal to monitor the fault current by specifying Fault Current Names in the Three Phase Fault Component dialog window. Transmit this signal out of the page module using the Radiolink . Receive this signal on the main page and plot it. The module name where the transmitter transmitter is located located needs to be specified specified for the receiver. The module name can be found on the top bar of the PSCAD window or it can be found in the Workspace by clicking the plus sign next to the case and then next to Main. All modules will be displayed as main.module_name. main.module_name. If modules modules are nested inside inside other modules, modules, their name will be displayed in a hierarchal format starting with main and working its way down.
All three phase currents can be output using one Radiolink by merging each current into an array (the dimension of the link must be set set to 3). Use the Data Merge component to perform this task.
Alternatively, Alternatively, you can export the signal the same way we imported the timing timing signal for the fault application. application. To do this the Export component needs to be placed in the circuit as shown shown above. An output data node with the same name needs to be placed in the graphic section section as shown below. The dimension of this node needs to be set set to 3.
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An Output Channel can be directly connected connected to this node on the main main page. Plot both signals and compare compare them. What is the difference between the Radiolink and the Export/Import components?
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Tutorial 4A4A- Series Tuned Filter Filter Topics Covered:
File References Reading external data files Multiple Run component component Optimal runs Harmonic Impedance Solution component T4A.1 T4A.1 Create a new case and save it as tunedfilt01.psc in c:……/PSCADTraining/Tutorial_ c:……/PSCADTraining/Tutorial_4. 4. T4A T4A.2 Open the main page of your new case. Construct the circuit as shown below using the methods discussed previously: reviously:
Reference, right click on an Add a File Reference to point to a file called signal.out in your course course directory. To add the File Reference Reference and select File Reference. Right click the File Reference open area of the Design Editor and select Add Component select Reference to view the contents of the file. NOTE: Properties. Browse for the signal.out file. Double click the File Reference signal.out is an output file created by PSCAD and is located on your course disk. The two columns of data represent time and signal magnitude, which has an AC fundamental frequency, along with 5 th and 7th harmonics.
Use the File Read component to input an external signal to the Single Phase Source , as shown in the diagram diagram above. The the data from the file file and outputs it in in an array. Use a Data Tap to take the second column of File Read component takes the data. Use that signal to control control the voltage magnitude magnitude of the source. Under File Name in the File Read parameters page, page , enter signal.out and change the number of columns in the output file to 2.
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Set the Single Phase Source to Ideal, DC and External Input. Set the the default variable R, L and C values to 0.1 and 100 F respectively.
, 0.07036 H
In the Project Settings Settings dialog window set the simulation simulation time to 0.15 sec and time time and plot step to 50 s. Run the case and plot the signals Vin and Vout as curves on the same graph. The series filter is tuned by default to pass only one frequency. What frequency does the signal Vout appear to be? HINT: Use markersmarkers - mode on the graph T4A.3 T4A.3 Save the case and then save it as tunedfilt02.psc.
name (such as C). Add the Multiple Run component and set T4A.4 Change the value of the Variable Capacitor to variable name it up to sequentially vary the capacitance. capacitance. Your circuit should resemble the one below.
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Enable the Multiple Run component, set it to control 1 Real signal, signal, set the value when disabled as 100. Start from 10 and go to 200 with 10 as the increment, set the number of channels to record as none .
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Run the simulation simulation and observe the results. What happens? T4A T4A.5 Save the case and then save it as tunedfilt03. Online Frequency Scanner component to measure T4A T4A.6 Add the Online measure the magnitude magnitude of the fundamental. fundamental. Use the Multiple Run component to record the maximum of this value for each run and indicate which value of C results in the optimal run. run.
Set the Multiple Run component to record 1 channel and set the optimal run criteria as max for channel 1.
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witch. Run the case Control the measurement enable signal for the Multiple Run component using a S witch case and then then create a File Reference to view the multiple run output output file. Observe which value of C resulted in the the optimal run.
T4A T4A.7 Save the case and then save it as tunedfilt04.psc.
to change the values of R, L and C to identify the optimal run. This time set the Multiple Run T4A T4A.8 Modify the case to component find the optimal optim al run based on the minimum sum of the magnitudes of the 5 th and 7th harmonics. Also record record the the magnitude of the fundamental for each run. T4A T4A.9 Open tunedfilt01.psc and then save it as tunedfilt05.psc. T4A T4A.10 Open circuit the voltage source and connect the Interface to Harmonic Impedance Solution component in its place. Set the Minimum Minimum frequency to 50 Hz and the Maximum Maximum to 70 Hz. Set the increment increment to 2 Hz. Run the case and add a File (inside this case’s .emt directory). See Tutorial 6 for instructions on Reference Reference to the Harm.out file that was just created (inside plotting the data in Excel.
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Study Tutorial 4B4B- Capacitor Switching Study Topics Covered:
More practice with the topics we have covered so far T4B.1 T4B.1 Create a new case and save it as Cap_switching.psc in c:……/PSCADTraining/Tutorial_ c:……/PSCADTraining/Tutorial_4B 4B T4B.2 This circuit represents represents a 230 kV capacitor bank bank with 4 steps per phase. Each step step is rated at 25 Mvar/phase. Mvar/phase. The capacitor banks are solidly grounded. The inrush and the outrush reactor sizes are to be determined so that the switching transients do not exceed the breaker capabilities and are within the IEEE standards. The values of the outrush/inrush reactors have been determined determined using IEEE C37.06.2000. Peak inrush inrush currents depend depend on POW (Point On Wave) Wave) switching. This should be studied to ensure that the breaker meets the TRV and di/dt capabilities.
Circuit inside the 230 kV Capacitors page module:
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Use manual breaker controls to switch the breakers RL, R1, R2 and R4. Measure the currents in breakers RL and and R3. Also measure the line voltage to ground after breaker RL. Breaker Logic Logic component to control breaker R3. Set the breaker as initially Add a Timed Breaker initially open, a Multiple Run component will will adjust the time at which the breaker is closed
Add Add a Multiple Run component to vary the closing time of breaker R3. Record the maximum phase current flowing through through breaker RL and base an optimal run off of this criteria. Increment the breaker open open time to cover 180 degrees of point on wave switching in 10 degree increments. increments. Set the starting time for for the open signal at 0.4 seconds. Disable the Multiple Run component component and take a snapshot at 0.3 seconds. Enable the Multiple Run component, start from the t he snapshot and run for 0.2 seconds. The Source parameters are as follows:
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Tutorial 5 Topics Covered:
Creating a simple leaf component using the wizard Adding parameter pages Creating script to define your component Component graphics T5.1 Create a new case named gain_block.psc and save it in your c: \ c: \ .......PSCADTraining .......PSCADTraining \ Tutorial_5 Tutorial_5 directory.
using the wizard. The component will not be a page page module and it needs a total total of 2 T5.2 Create a new component using connections. The first connection will be a Real, Real, Input Data and the second connection will be Real, Real, Output Data. T5.3 Once you have created your new component, right click on it and select Edit Definition. Click on the Parameters tab at the bottom of the Design Editor . Create a New Category by right clicking an open area area and selecting selecting New Category.
Alternatively you can use the icon on the top menu bar. Call your new category main and then click OK. Add a new Input Control. To do this, right click on the category category (grey box) and select select New Control Input Field. You can also use the
icon.
Double click on the new input field or right click and select Properties. Pick a symbol name name to represent the value value that the user inputs into this field. Also choose a descriptive descriptive caption so the the user knows which parameter parameter to enter. enter. Pick a default value and check Allow Signal Names . This option allows the use of variable names so parameters parameters can be defined outside the component.
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or . Here you will T5.4 Click on the Script tab at the bottom of the Design Edit or will enter the the FORTRAN code that that defines the relationship between your input and output. Be sure to lead your code with at least 6 spaces so it is F77 compliant. Enter the following code: $Output_Node_Name = $ Input_Node_Name * $Symbol_Name
The $ is the substitution prefix operator Output_Node_Name is the name you chose for the Output Data connection Input_Node_Name is the name you chose for the Input Data connection Symbol_Name is the symbol name you chose for the Input Field T5.5 Click on the Graphics tab at the bottom of the Design Editor . Clean up the graphic graphic for for your new component. component. Add some text to describe describe it. You can also add text that that will display the the value input by the user. user. To do this, add a text field field by Text. You right clicking on an open area and selecting New Graphic Y ou can also click the display the input parameter on the component graphic is $ Symbol_Name.
icon.
The text needed to
the circuit that is shown below. Use sliders to control the T5.6 Go up one module to the main circuit page and construct the input and the gain. Plot the output on a meter. meter. Also, you can input the gain gain directly into the component component instead of using using a variable name. Run the circuit to to verify its operation. operation.
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Tutorial 6 Topics Topics Convered:
Loading PSCAD output files in Excel Pasting data points from PSCAD graphs in Excel T6.1 To open a PSCAD .out file Open. Change the file in Excel use the following following steps. Start Excel and then then got to File your Tutorial_4 directory and open the tunedfilt05.emt tunedfilt05.emt Files of Type: drop down menu to All Files (*.*). Navigate to your directory (you will need to have run the case for this directory to be available). Find the Harm.out file and select Open.
The Text Import Wizard will open, change the Original data type type to Delimited and click Next.
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Set the Delimiters to Space and make sure Treat Consecutive delimiters as one is checked. Click the Finish button. Your data is now available for plotting in Excel.
T6.2 Data used for graphs in PSCAD can also be copied and plotted in Excel. To do this, run a PSCAD case (tunedfilt01.psc for this example). Right click on the Graph and select Copy Data to Clipboard. You have three options at this point; you can copy all of the data points, only the visible data points (depending on your zoom, axis limits, etc…), or all the data points between the markers (if you have them enabled).
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Paste Special. Paste the data as CSV (comma separated values). Start Excel and go to Edit values). The left most column column contains the time values. values. Each column to the right contains contains the curve data points points from the PSCAD plot. These curves are in the same order as they are shown in the PSCAD plot from left to right.
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