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SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: VARU SARO!A SARO!A TOMAR
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Inde+ CONTENTS-
Acknowledgement
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Aim
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Introduction
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Materials and Eui!ment
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E"!erimental Procedure
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PAGE NO.
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O#ser$ation
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Conclusion
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%i#liogra!&'
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our principal M(. (.) (O*I++A for providing me such a wonderful opportunity for presenting my investigatory project. I would like to thank our Biology teachers Mr. *.S TOMA( their painstaking efforts and support without which this project would have remained a dream. Further I would like to thank the library staff for providing the necessary books regarding the project. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents for their constant support and guidance.
I sincerely hope and wish that this investigatory project would provide a better foundation for further cases and investigations
Aim of the Project. The goal of the project is to study coffee addiction its causes and effects of coffee withdrawal in 3 persons.
Introduction__________ Co,,ee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds commonly called coffee beans of the coffee plant. !hey are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over "# countries cultivated primarily in Latin $merica %outheast $sia and $frica. &reen unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. 'ue to its caffeine content coffee often has a stimulating effect on humans. !oday coffee is the third most popular drink in the world behind water and tea. %ome controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. (any studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are ultimately positive or negative has been widely disputed. !he method of brewing coffee has been found to be important to its health effects.
A general introduction on Caeine__ Ca,,eine is a bitter white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that is a psychoactive stimulant drug. )affeine was isolated in *+,# by a &erman chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand -unge. )affeine is found in varying uantities in the beans leaves and fruit of some plants where it acts as a natural pesticide that paraly/es and kills certain insects feeding on the plants.012 It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the bean of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut. In humans caffeine acts as a central nervous system 3)4%5 stimulant temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. )affeine is the world6s most widely consumed psychoactive substance but unlike many other psychoactive substances is legal and unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions.
An&'drous ca,,eine
Caeine consumption and its eects.______
Caffeine is a potent and uick7acting drug which produces an effect similar to the stress response in our bodies. )affeine affects each person differently depending on individual circumstances such as weight build etc. It has an almost instant effect on your mind7body which will continue to influence your state for 17+ hours afterwards. 8very time we drink tea coffee cocoa chocolate or cola we are giving our body a 6hit6 of caffeine. $long with nicotine and alcohol caffeine is one of the three most widely used mood 7affecting drugs in the world. If you have more than two or three caffeine drinks per day your 6habit6 may be affecting you emotionally and physically much more powerfully than you might expect.
Some commonly observed effects of caffeine are: *. %timulates your heart respiratory system and central nervous system. ,. (akes your blood more 9sludgy6 by raising the level of fatty acids in the blood. :. )auses messages to be passed along your nervous system more uickly . %timulates blood circulation <. -aises blood pressure 1. )auses your stomach to produce more acid ". Irritates the stomach lining +. (akes digestion less effective by relaxing the muscles of your intestinal system
=. Its diuretic effect caused increased urination 7 although you would have to drink about + coups of coffee in one sitting for this to occur *#. %timulates the cortex of your brain heightening the intensity of mental activity. !his can result in a temporary feeling of alertness and in the short term banishes drowsiness and feelings of fatigue. In those who already have high levels of anxiety the heightened intensity of mental activity can produce unpleasant effects. But check out below which contradicts this. **. $ffects the length and uality of sleep. >eavy caffeine users suffer from sleep7deprivation because their nervous system is too stimulated to allow them deep restful or prolonged sleep. *,. !he $merican (edical ?ournal has reported a correlation between caffeine and decreased bone density or osteoporosis in women. In addition to the above effects prolonged or very heavy caffeine use can produce the following@ *:. 9)affeine nerves6 a jittery feeling with shaking hands palpitations and wobbliness in the legs. *. )affeine addiction which involves nervousness irritability agitation headaches or ringing in the ears. *<. )auses your adrenal glands to release their hormones into your bloodstream *1. )auses blood sugar or blood glucose to be released from storage through the effects of the adrenal hormones. !his gives you a temporary lift butA *". Areuires your pancreas to over7work. !his is because your pancreas now has to produce extra insulin to reduce this extra blood sugar. nce the extra insulin has 6mopped up6 the extra blood sugar your temporary lift from the caffeine ends. Cour vitality level is back to normal. >owever in heavy caffeine users the pancreas in time becomes over7sensitive and o ver7/ealous. 4ow it begins producing too much insulin D it 6mops up6 not just the excess blood sugar but the blood sugar you need to feel alert and energetic. !he initial effect of this is a let7down effect and a craving for more caffeine to give you a further boost. $ later effect can be excessive and chronic tiredness even on waking in the morning. %ome people find that many of the psychological complaints common to reactive hypoglycaemia 3the emotional yo7yo effect shakiness palpitations weakness tiredness etc.5 disappear within a few days of stopping caffeine.
On t&e ot&er &and... ... some research indicates that caffeine in coffee 3though not cola5 can be beneficial in preventing heart disease 3*5 7 or at least that coffee drinkers had a lowered incidence of heart d isease. 4evertheless they were unable to confirm that one caused the other nor why this apparent relationship might be appearing.
Sources of caffeine
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$s little as ,# mgs of caffeine can produce noticeable body and mood changes. $s a very rough guide to how much caffeine you may be taking on a daily basis... An average cup of tea contains around 50 mgs of caffeine. An average cup of instant coffee contains around 70-100 mgs. Instant decaffeinated coffee contains about 3 mgs. A 6 oz cup of espresso coffee (muc !arger tan te norma! cafe cup" incidenta!!#$ contains about %0-&0 mgs. A sing!e-it cappuccino 'i!! contain te same amount. i!ter coffee (ca!!ed )drip) in te *+$ can contain ,5-50 more
caffeine tan instant. A 30 m! or 1, oz can of regu!ar or diet co!a contains bet'een 35 and 5 mgs. of caffeine depending on te brand +ome so-ca!!ed )energ# drin/s) contain ver# ig doses of caffeine - euiva!ent to to or more cups of strong coffee in one dose 2ne ounce or ,% grams of coco!ate contains about 10-15 mgs.
Overuse In large amounts and especially over extended periods of time caffeine can lead to a condition known as caffeinism. )affeinism usually combines caffeine dependency with a wide range of unpleasant physical and mental conditions including nervousness irritability anxiety tremulousness muscle twitching 3hyperreflexia5 insomnia headaches respirator y alkalosis and heart palpitations.0*#:20*#2 Furthermore because caffeine increases the production of stomach acid high usage over time can lead to peptic ulcers erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. )affeine may also increase the toxicity of certain
other drugs such as paracetamol. !here are four caffeine7induced psychiatric disorders recogni/ed by the 'iagnostic and %tatistical (anual of (ental 'isorders Fourth 8dition@ caffeine intoxication caffeine7induced anxiety disorder caffeine7induced sleep disorder and caffeine7related disorder not otherwise specified
Cafeine into+ication: $n acute overdose of caffeine usually in excess of about :## milligrams dependent on body weight and level of caffeine tolerance can result in a state of central nervous system over7stimulation called caffeine intoxication 3'%(7IE :#<.=#5 or collouially the caffeine
jitters. !he symptoms of caffeine intoxication are not unlike overdoses of other stimulants. It may include restlessness fidgetiness nervousness excitement euphoria insomnia flushing of the face increased urination gastrointestinal disturbance muscle twitching a rambling flow of thought and speech irritability irregular or rapid heartbeat and psychomotor agitation. In cases of much larger overdoses mania depression lapses in judgment disorientation disinhibition delusions hallucin ations andpsychosis may occur and rhabdomyolysis 3breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue5 can be provoked. 8xtreme overdose can result in death. 0**#2 !he median lethal dose 3L'<#5 given orally is *=, milligrams per kilogram in rats. !he L' <# of caffeine in humans is dependent on weight and individual sensitivity and estimated to be about *<# to ,## milligrams per kilogram of body mass roughly +# to *## cups of coffee for an average adult taken within a limited time frame that is dependent onhalf7life. !hough achieving lethal dose with caffeine would be exceptionally difficult with regular coffee there have been reported deaths from overdosing on caffeine pills with serious symptoms of overdose reuiring hospitali/ation occurring from as little as , grams of caffeine. $n exception to this would be taking
a drug such as fluvoxamine or levofloxacin which block the liver en/yme responsible for the metabolism of caffeine thus increasing the central effects and blood concentrations of caffeine dramatically at <7fold. It is not contraindicated but highly advisable to minimi/e the intake of caffeinated beverages as drinking one cup of coffee will have the same effect as drinking five under normal conditions. 'eath typically occurs due to ventricular fibrillation brought about by effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system
Cafeine ,it%dra,al a ca-e -t.dy
e fo!!o'ing s#mptoms 'ere observed in common on te members of m# societ#" I conducted te stud# on. I coose tem as te# drin/ coffee t'ice a da# i.e. in morning and in te evening e s#mptoms observed 'ere e s#mptoms 'ere observed roug!# 1,-1% rs after 'itdra'a!. e# get 'orst after ,-% rs and cou!d !ast for a 'ee/. • Irritab!e • 4est!ess • usc!es stiffness • ifficu!t# in concentrating • eadace moderate to severe • Ci!!s 89or ot spe!!s • Causes more b!ood to gater in ead causing migraine !i/e eadace due to our bod# becoming over sensitive to adenosine. • :;cessive s!eepiness
/%at t%e e+pert- -.gge-t0
!o avoid uncomfortable withdrawal effects it is wise to ease off caffeine over a period of "7* days to reduce the discomfort. -educe and then stop the richest sources 3especially coffee5 first. It is unwise particularly if you are a heavy user to suddenly stop caffeine altogether Ghen you stop caffeine you allow your body to catch up on its lost rest. !his takes some time. Hsing caffeine to force yourself into activity is like flogging an exhausted horse. For the first few weeks after stopping caffeine you may find that you are sleeping deeper and for longer. For this reason it is a good idea to allow yourself an extra hour per night for a few weeks increasing this if you continue to experience lethargy in the mornings. If you feel drowsy during the day use breathing exercises preferably out of doors to alert yourself. $nd remind yourself that the drowsiness is a sign that you are allowing your body to get back into a more normal state and that your natural energy levels will soon return once things have got back to normal after the onslaught of the caffeine regime
Concl.-ion:11111111
oug te effect of coffee or caffeine on our bod# is debated man# agree for it being positive 'i!e man# agree for it being negative. e most accurate statement at suc a debate 'i!! be using it in a contro!!ed 'a# can be usefu! rater armfu!. As is 'e!! said
people awake than coffee”