4 IPasolink Ethernet Functions 1-Libre

iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions Overview

iPASOLINK iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

What is new in iP i PASO Series Product ?

Latest NEC Radio Product iPASO 1000

iPASO 400

iPASO 200

NEO HP

Hybrid ( Native Ethernet & TDM) Packet Radio (PWE Inside) VLAN QoS

QoS/Diffserve Policer/Shaper

All IP Clock Synch. OAM

PWE(E1) Sync Ether IEEE1588V2 Ethernet OAM Hot Standby(1+1) RF Link Aggregation

Link Protection

E1 SNCP RSTP Ethernet Ring(G.8032)


1

Hub, Bridge & Switches


2

Ethernet Frame and MAC Address The Ethernet is the most popular LAN technology, technology, and represents repr esents the protocol itself as well. Developed by DEC, Intel and Xerox corporations, the Ethernet is standardized by the IEEE 802.3. The most important technologies on the Ethernet are:  Layer 2 based protocol and standards st andards  IEEE 802.3 standard  48 bits MAC is used to identified the nodes  Commonly known as the CSMA/CD protocol.  Currently 4 data rates are defined for operation operati on over optical fiber and twistedpair cables: 10Base-T Ethernet (10 Mbps) Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) Ethernet Equipments Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) (HUB / Switch / Bridge) 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps)

Terminal “A” MAC=111

DA: Destination Address SA: Origination Address

Ethernet Frame SA DA Data MAC=111 MAC=222 DA SA MAC=111 MAC=222 iPASOLINK iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Terminal “B” “ B” MAC=222

Data

3

Collision Domain

HUB HUB

Host A

Host B

Host C

Host n

Collision Domain

Collision Domain A

Bridge / Switch / Router

HUB

iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Collision Domain B

What is L2 Switch? 

L2 Switch performs the frame forwarding based on Ethernet MAC address of the L2 frame.



Each port of the L2 switch act like a bridge.



Each port of a L2 switch is a collision domain. L2 Switch

Hub 1 234 5 6 7 8

Hub 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Hub

Hub

12 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 234 5 6 7 8


1 234 5 6 7 8

Ethernet Frame and MAC Address

Ethernet Frame Format Preamble (7B)

SFD (1B)

DA (6B)

SA (6B)

Usual untagged Ethernet Frame: Normal PC Max. MTU 1518 Byte

Length (2B)

Data (46 to 1500B)

FCS SFD: Start of Frame Delimiter DA: Destination address SA: Source Address FCS: Frame Check Sequence

MAC Address Format 1bit

1bit

3~24bit

25~48bit

Uni-cast (0) / Multi-cast (1) address Universal (0) / Local (1) address Vender ID Serial Number Broadcast Address: “all 1”, these frames sent out through all ports

Multicast Address: these frames goes to some or all ports Unicast Address: these frames goes to only one port iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

6

Basic Ethernet Switching Procedure Frame transmission on Ethernet switch is realized by MAC address learning MAC Address Table Forwarding Data Table (FDB) FDB of iPASOLINK is 32K

Port

MAC address

Default FDB Aging Time 300 sec 1 4

1

2

3

A D

00-00-00-00-00-01 00-00-00-00-00-04

4

00-00-00-00-00-04

00-00-00-00-00-01


What is VLAN?


8

Advantages of VLAN (Virtual LAN) Enables to make virtual group in LAN – But communication between different VLAN group can be processed by router Enables to divide broadcast domain – Broadcast frame is transmitted to all port except port where broadcast frame was received when VLAN is not used – Broadcast frame is not transmitted to different VLAN group

VLAN setting

Broadcast frame is transmitted to all port except received port


Broadcast frame is not transmitted to different VLAN group

9

VLAN Architecture Features of VLAN 

Traffic Control In a network where no VLAN is introduced, large amount of broadcast data are delivered to all network devices regardless of their necessity, which easily causes network congestion. Introducing VLANs allows to create small broadcast domains, which can limit communications among devices concerned, thus resulting in higher efficiency of the network bandwidth usage.



Improvement of Security Performance A device that belongs to a certain VLAN can communicate only with devices belonging to the same VLAN. For example, communication between the VLAN of a marketing division and that of a commercial division must go through a router. Since direct communication is not possible between these two divisions, the security performance of the system can be enhanced a great deal.



Easily Replacing and Moving Network Devices Conventional networks require a lot of network administrator’s manpower for replacing and moving network devices. When a user moves to another subnet, it is necessary to reset all addresses of the user’s terminal devices. Introducing VLANs can exempt administrators from this kind of troublesome work for resetting. For example, when moving a terminal in the VLAN of a marketing division to another network port and maintaining the subnet setting, it is sufficient only to change the setting of the port so as to belong to the VLAN of the marketing division. iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

10

VLAN Architecture - 1 The VLAN (Virtual LAN) is a technology to construct a virtual network independent of physical network structure. The conventional LANs centering around hubs and routers take a lot of time and cost because of their physical restrictions encountered during the initial designing or expansion stages. Introducing VLAN makes it possible to construct or modify the network more easily and flexibly. VLAN2 (Department B)

HUB

VLAN3 (Department C)

VLAN Switch

2nd Floor (Department B)

HUB

2nd Floor

VLAN Switch

VLAN-1(Department A)

1st Floor (Department A)

Just change setting, not physical connections

Need to change physical connections Router

1st Floor

Router/L3 Switch

Conventional LAN

VLAN iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

11

Port Based VLAN and Tag Based VLAN Port Based VLAN 1 2 3 4 5

6

7

8 9 10 11 12

VLAN Switch iPASO200 named it as Access VLAN type

VLAN 1

iPASO200 named it as Trunk VLAN type

Tag Based VLAN

(VLAN ID 10)

VLAN SW

(VLAN ID 20)

VLAN 3

VLAN 2

VLAN SW

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

Tag 10

(VLAN ID 10)

(VLAN ID 20)

Tag 20


12

Why Jumbo Frame Support is necessary ? Efficient Through-put for application which supports jumbo MTU size (e.g. IP-SAN) Support Ethernet Expansion Frames like VLAN tag, QinQ, MPLS Label etc.. iPASO200 supports frame size of FE ports to 2000 Byte and GbE port to 9600 Byte Ethernet Header 18Bytes Usual Ethernet Frame

802.1q Ethernet Frame

Q in Q Ethernet Frame

Max 1518 Bytes 1500

Max MTU Size = 1500bytes (Ethernet Standard) Max Frame Size = 1518bytes

18

Max 1522 Bytes 1500

4

Max MTU Size = MTU1500bytes + 4 bytes VLAN Tag Max Frame Size = 1522 Bytes

18

Max 1526 Bytes 1500

4

4

18

Max MTU Size = MTU1500bytes + (2 x 4 bytes VLAN Tag) Max Frame Size = 1526 Bytes


13

Extended VLAN ( Q in Q) Extended VLAN is standardized by IEEE802.1ad VLAN tag (4byte) is stacked to Ethernet frame iPASO200 named the extended VLAN as Tunnel VLAN Company A

Company B

VLAN100 Data

100

Data

Data

VLAN100 Data

Data

100 200 Common Network

100

100 300

Data

VLAN100

100

100

VLAN100

Company A iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Company B

14

Ethernet Packet Format Tag VLAN is standardized by IEEE802.1q VLAN tag (4byte) is inserted to Ethernet frame

IFG

Preamble

12 Byte

8 Byte

Example: traffic assignment 7 (High)

Traffic management

6

Voice

5

Video

4

Control signal

3

Excellent effort

2

Best effort

1

Reserved

0 (Low)

Background

Destination MAC address (DA) 6byte

Source MAC address (SA) 6byte

VLAN tag

Length / type

4byte

2byte

802.1q tag type 2byte

Priority 3bit

Data

FCS

46 - 1500byte

4byte

TCI field 2byte

CFI 1bit

Range: 1 - 4094 (0, 4095 reserved)

VLAN-ID 12bit

CoS value IFG: Inter Frame Gap CFI: Canonical Format Indicator FCS: Frame Check Sequence TCI: Tag Control Information TOS: Type Of Service iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

15

QoS Bit Assignment in Ethernet Frame CFI: Canonical Format Indicator FCS: Frame Check Sequence TCI: Tag Control Information TOS: Type Of Service COS: Class Of Service

802.1q Q-in-Q To MAC Address

Fm MAC Address

TPID

TCI

2Bytes VLAN Tag To MAC Address

VLAN Tag-2(outer)

Fm MAC Address

TCI

Priority bit

8100

IP Header

IP data

FCS

2Bytes Priority bit

8100

TPID

Type

DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point TPID: Tag Protocol Identifier

TPID

CFI

CFI

VLAN ID

TCI

Type

VLAN ID

8100

Type

IP Header

IP Header

Priority bit

CFI

IP data

VLAN ID

FCS

VLAN Tag-1 (inner)

802.1ad Q-in-Q To MAC Address

Fm MAC Address

TPID

TCI

2Bytes VLAN Tag To MAC Address

VLAN Tag-2(outer)

Fm MAC Address

88a8

TPID

Priority bit

FCS

2Bytes Priority bit

8100

IP data

TCI

TPID

CFI

VLAN ID

CFI

VLAN ID

TCI

Type

8100

IP Header

Priority bit


CFI

IP data

VLAN ID

FCS

VLAN Tag-1 (inner)

16

Overall view of iPASOLINK L2 Switch 1.Access

Main Board FE1/GbE FE1/GbE

2.Trunk

FE1/GbE

Modem1

L2 SW

Modem2

1. Access Trunk VLAN

2. Trunk

FE1/GbE /GbE

Mod(slot1)

L2 SW

Mod (slot2) Mod (slot3)

3.Tunnel

Trunk VLAN

Mod (slot4)

GbE GbE

In-band

FE1/GbE

GbE

FE1/GbE

3.Tunnel

MC-A4

In-band

NMS NE

NMS NE

iPASOLINK 200 , 802.1q

iPASOLINK 400 , 802.1q

In-band

iPASOLINK 400 , 802.1ad MC-A4

In-band

FE1/GbE

1. C-Access iPASOLINK 200 , 802.1ad not available

2. S-Trunk

FE1/GbE /GbE

Mod(slot1)

L2 SW

GbE

Mod (slot2) Mod (slot3)

3.C-Bridge

S-Trunk VLAN

Mod (slot4) NMS NE


17

VLAN Setting (1) – Types of VLAN setting at ports Types of VLAN port supported in iPASO200 are named Access, Trunk and Tunnel How to create Access type (port base) VLAN? 1. FE Port set to access port type VLAN 2. Modem port set to trunk type VLAN Default VLAN is 1 , here we set to 10 as example

Send with VLAN 10

Data

Data

10

iPASO200 Data

100

FE Port 1: Access VLAN 10

Modem 1: Trunk VLAN 10

Drop Recommendation: To be used for base station with un-tag traffic


18

VLAN Setting (2) – Types of VLAN setting at ports How to create tag base type (802.1q) VLAN and also supported with un-tag traffic? 1. FE port set to trunk port type VLAN (802.1q) and un-tag frame to be access 2. Modem port set to trunk port VLAN

Data Data

Data

20

100

Data

2

Data

20

FE Port 2: iPASO200 Access LAN 2 Trunk VLAN 20

Send with VLAN 2

Set for Un-tag packet

Send with VLAN 20

Modem 1: Trunk VLAN 2, 20

Drop Recommendation: To be used for base station with VLAN tag interface iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

19

VLAN Setting (3) – Types of VLAN setting at ports How to create tunnel type ( Q in Q ) VLAN? FE port set to tunnel port type VLAN (almost 802.1ad or Radio Hop Q in Q) Modem port set to trunk port VLAN All packets will be sent transparently with additional tag added on

Data Data

20

No packets will be drooped

Data

30

Add on tag VLAN30

Data

20 30

Add on tag VLAN 30

iPASO200

FE Port3: Tunnel VLAN 30

Modem 1: Trunk VLAN 30

Recommendation: To be used when required Q in Q features iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

20

VLAN Setting (4) – Setting methods at Modem ports Modem port parameter setting methods

Data

Data

2

Data

2

Data

30

Data

30

Data

20

Data

20

Data

10

Data

10

40

Modem 1: Trunk VLAN 2,10,20,30

Drop

iPASO200 iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

21

VLAN Mode 802.1ad- Example of C-Access Port 802.1ad

Only Untagged frames and all C-tag frames are processed on Port 1, and these frames are assumed to belong to S-VLAN ID = 200 any incoming S-VLAN tag frames are dropped

FM- ToA B

C-VLAN any

MSG

FM- To- S-VLAN A B 200

FM- To- MSG A B

C-VLAN Y

MSG

FM- To- S-VLAN MSG A B 200

P1 (FE) FM- To- S-VLAN A B any

C-VLAN any

MSG

Modem port Type: S-Trunk S-VLAN: 100, 200,300


22

VLAN Mode 802.1ad- Example of S-Trunk Port 802.1ad

At port 1, Frames without a S-Tag will have S-VLAN ID 200 and forwarded (both untagged and with any C-tag) Frames with S-VLAN IDs 100,200,300 are only passed. Any othe S-VLAN ID will be dr opped FM- ToA B

C-VLAN any

MSG


C-VLAN any

MSG

FM- To- MSG A B

FM- To- S-VLAN MSG A B 200


C-VLAN any

MSG


C-VLAN any

MSG


C-VLAN any

MSG


C-VLAN any

MSG

P1 (FE) FM- To- S-VLAN A B other

C-VLAN any

MSG

Modem port Type: S-Trunk S-VLAN: 100, 200,300


23

VLAN Mode 802.1ad- Example of C-Bridge Port In the example shown:

802.1ad

Only frames with C-VLAN IDs, defined will pass at port1 with corresponding S-VLAN inserted: C-VLAN 10, 20 will be inserted with S-VLAN 100 and forwarded C-VLAN 25, 30 will be inserted with S-VLAN 200 and forwarded All the other C-VLANs are dropped Any S-VLANs are dropped

FM- ToA B

C-VLAN 25,30

MSG


C-VLAN 25,30

MSG

FM- ToA B

C-VLAN 10,20

MSG


C-VLAN 10,20

MSG


C-VLAN 25,30

MSG


C-VLAN 10,20

MSG


C-VLAN any

MSG

P1 (FE) Modem port Type: S-Trunk S-VLAN: 100, 200,300

FM- To- MSG A B


24

Quality of Service


25

Summary of locations for Policing and Shaping Default Setting Shaping: 4XSP Default Setting of Policing : Nil

iPASOLINK

iPASOLINK Classify/Policing

Scheduling/Shaping

Classify/Policing

Classify/Policing

Scheduling/Shaping Classify/Policing

FE Port

Scheduling/Shaping

Scheduling/Shaping

Modem Port

Modem Port

FE Port

Ingress Egress


26

QoS Bit Assignment in Ethernet Frame

1) IP Packet

ToS(3bit) DSCP/Diffserve(6bit)

Version

IP ECN

Header Length

TOS

Explicit Congestion Notification

IP address etc.

8bits

To MAC Address

Fm MAC Address

Type

TCI

Type

IP Header

IP data

FCS

2Bytes Priority bit (CoS)

VLAN Tag

CFI

CFI: Canonical Format Indicator FCS: Frame Check Sequence TCI: Tag Control Information TOS: Type Of Service COS: Class Of Service DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point

VLAN ID

3bits (802.1q CoS)

2) MPLS Packet MPLS Label

MPLS Label

IP Header

IP data

3bits Label

Exp

S

TTL

EXP : experimental bits ( iPASO200 will supports in future)


27

AMR with Advanced QoS

Protected

TDM

Packet

TDM Radio Capacity

Packet

Radio Capacity

Policing/Shaping according to QoS TDM

TDM Classification Determine equipment internal priority

Ether

VLAN CoS IPv4 precedence IPv4/v6 DSCP MPLS EXP

Egress Queue

TDM +

Ingress Policer Token

Token

Classify (Mapping) for Egress Queue with internal priority

Packe

Class 3 queue

Sent frames

Packet

Class 2 queue Token bucket

t

QoS

Token bucket

Class 1 queue Two-Rate, Three-Color Metering

Class 0 queue

Scheduling & Shaping

User can define TDM bandwidth for each radio modulation

SP: Strict Priority, DWRR: Deficit Weighted Round Robin, WRED: Weighted Random Early Detection


28

Summary of iPASOLINK QoS Functions and Features

•

iPASOLINK series supports fully functioned QoS control

•

Supported classification methods: CoS/IP Precedence/DSCP/EXP

•

Internal Classification: 8 classes (8 classes mapped to 4 classes (default) / 8 classes (option) for Egress Queue)

•

Internal Priority to CoS Mapping

•

Ingress policing: CIR, EIR (Two-Rate Three-Color Marking)

•

Profile based QoS management is supported

•

Scheduling: SP, SP+3DWRR, 4DWRR (default) / SP+7DWRR, 2SP+6DWRR (option)

•

Congestion Avoidance: Weighted Tail Drop / WRED

•

Egress hierarchical shaping (Port + each QoS Class) iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

29

Classification Modes •

Equipment Based QoS Mode – Profile Based ( one profile for the equipment)

•

Port Based QoS Mode – Port (Default Priority for each port can be set) – CoS (C-Tag) ( use Port priority or CoS) – DSCP IPv4/v6 (set DSCP to internal Priority) Frame

Classification Mode & Internal Priority Port

Untag

Tagged

CoS (C-Tag)

DSCP IPv4/v6

IP packet

Default Port Priority


DSCP IPv4/v6

Non-IP packet




IP packet


CoS

DSCP IPv4/v6

Non-IP packet


CoS



30

Classification Classification –process of distinguishing one kind of traffic from another by examining the Layer 2 through Layer and QoS fields in the packet

Determine equipment internal priority

VLAN CoS IPv4 precedence IPv4/v6 DSCP MPLS EXP

Profile No.0

(ex) Profile No.1

(ex) Profile No.2

VLAN CoS

Internal priority

IP Precedence

Internal priority

DSCP

Internal priority

7

7

7

7

63

7

6

6

6

6

:

:

5

5

5

5

47

5

4

4

4

4

:

:

3

3

3

3

31

3

2

2

2

2

:

:

1

1

1

1

15

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Classification profile is configurable. iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

31

Port Base QoS Mode (Port classification) •

Classifies according to ingress physical port

iPASOLINK Port mode

IP packet

IP packet

SA

VLAN Tag (CoS0)

SA

DA

DA

Port 1 (access/ trunk)

Port No.

Default Port priority

1

7

2

6

3

5

4

4

MODEM 1

3

MODEM 2

2

MODEM 3

1

MODEM 4

0

Modem (trunk)


IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS7)

SA

DA

IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS7)

SA

DA

Update CoS value to Default port priority value

32

Port Base QoS Mode (CoS classification) •

Classifies according to CoS value

iPASOLINK CoS (C-Tag) mode Default Port priority = 1

IP packet

SA

DA

IP packet Port 1 (access+ trunk)

Modem (trunk)

VLAN Tag (CoS1)

SA

DA

Update CoS value to Default port priority value IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS0)

SA

DA

IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS0)

SA

DA

No update CoS value


33

Port Base QoS Mode (DSCP classification) Classifies according to DSCP value even if the frame is VLAN tagged frame Update CoS value to

•

internal priority value iPASOLINK IP packet

IP header (DSCP=0)

SA

DA

DSCP IPv4/v6 mode Default Port priority = 1

IP packet

IP header (DSCP=0)

VLAN Tag (CoS5)

SA

DA

IP packet

IP header (DSCP=0)

VLAN Tag (CoS5)

SA

DA

DSCP Classification Mapping IP packet

IP header (DSCP=47)

VLAN Tag (CoS7)

SA

DA

Classifies by this value

Non-IP packet

Non-IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS7)

SA

DA

SA

DA

Port 1 (access/ trunk)

DSCP

Internal priority

63

7

:

:

47

5

:

:

31

3

:

:

15

1

0

0

Modem (trunk)

Update CoS value to internal priority value Non-IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS1)

SA

DA

Non-IP packet

VLAN Tag (CoS1)

SA

DA

Update CoS value to default port priority value iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

34

What is CIR, EIR?  CIR (Committed Information Rate) -

Minimum BW guaranteed for an Ethernet service.  Policing is enforcement of CIR  Zero CIR means Best effort (no BW is guaranteed)

CIR Conformant Traffic ≤ CIR

 EIR (Exceeded Information Rate)  Service frames colored yellow may be

delivered but with no performance commitment.

EIR Conformant  PIR (Peak Information Rate) -

Traffic ≥ CIR

Maximum rate at which packets are allowed to be forwarded.  PIR = CIR + EIR (greater or equal to the CIR)  Service frames exceeding PIR are red packets and

are unconditionally dropped

No traffic Traffic ≥ PIR


35

Dual Token bucket (TRTCM) Dual rate token bucket with a programmable CIR and EIR, as well as CBS and EBS. It also named as Two rate ,Three-Colour Metering Example: consider the extreme case One bucket is used: CIR=2Mbps, CBS=2KB, EIR=0,EBS=0 Case 1: Two 1518 byte frames coming back to back First frame take 2000-1518 token remain 482 byte, the second frame is immediately Discarded Case 2: One frame 1518 is sent, 8 ms later, another 1518 byte arrive, since token bucket Refill with CIR/8=250Kb/s The token bucket is full again and able to sent the second frame out with green color.

Our Recommendations:

CBS/EBS should be set depend on traffic type 1. Bursty TCP-based traffic 2. UDP based type such as VoIP

Note: Color Blind and Color Aware Rate Metering ( iPASO200 is color blind system) iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

36

Service Provider Business Oriented Parameter in iPASO Business Package:

30 Mb

PIR

30Mbps PIR 20 Mb

15Mbps CIR 15Mbps EIR

Recognize the service according to DSCP/TOS/IP and prioritize it.

EIR 10 Mb CIR 0 Mb

VLAN 20 iPASO400

Video Conf.

Voice

Data / VPN

iPASO200

iPASO400


37

Scheduling or Queuing Methods


38

Methods of Scheduling FIFO

Strict Priority

WFQ(WRR)


39

Elements of QoS - Scheduling /Queuing

Control the output sequence and bandwidth of frames from each queue according to Output condition defined by Marker/Priority Determination. Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ), Weighted Control (WRR) can be used as queuing method.

ETC System Electronic Toll Collection System


40

Deficit Round Robin 50

75

50 50 50

75

50 50 50

75

150

75

50

T i m e

100

50

100

75

50 50

25

50 50

25

150

75

100

150

50 50

100

50 50

100

150

150

7 5 75 75

Credits

Credits 50 50

Credits

50

100 50 50 50 50 150

Credits

Credit counter: Initially the counter start or reset from zero. For this example, it was set to size value of 75 for all the queue. When the queue is not serve to send any packet, the credit counter will be increased with another 75 1st round: The first and fourth queue packet size is bigger than credit counter value, these two queue will hold back and not sending any packets, but second and third queue sent out 50 packets. And their credit counter reduce to 25. 2nd round: The first and fourth queue counter credit increase to 150 byte The result is Q1 send 150 byte Q2 send 100 byte Q3 send 100 byte Q4 send 150 byte 3rd round: All credit counter with value 75 byte

75 iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

41

Egress Scheduling and Shaping (4 Class queue)


Class 3

Scheduling and Shaping Shaper

Class 2

SP

Shaper

Class 1

Class 0

Shaper

DWRR Shaper Shaper

Divided throughput by weighted condition

Class 3 absolute priority

Mapping table is Configurable. WTD/WRED discard based on color (Green/Yellow)

“SP” or “1SP + 3 DWRR” or “4 DWRR”


42

Egress Scheduling and Shaping ( 8 class queue)


Class 5

Scheduling and Shaping

Class 7 Class 6

Shaper

Class 5 Class 4 Class 3 Class 2

Shaper

DWRR Shaper Shaper

Class 1

Mapping table is Configurable.

SP

Shaper

Class 0

WTD/WRED discard based on color (Green/Yellow)

Divided throughput by weighted condition

Class 7 absolute priority

“1SP + 7 DWRR” or “2SP + 6 DWRR”


Strict Priority mode

How it works?

Strict Priority Scheduling :The queue with the highest priority that contains packets is always served (packet from that queue are de-queued and transmitted). Packets within a lower priority queue will not transmit until all the higher-priority queues become empty iPASO200 Class-a 25 Mbps

Class-a

Class-b 20 Mbps Class-c 10 Mbps Class-d 15 Mbps

Class-b Class-c Class-d

Rate Mbps

25

Rate Mbps

20

Rate Mbps Rate Mbps

10 15

Output port shaper function [Breakdown] Class-a 25 Mbps Class-b 20 Mbps Class-c 10 Mbps Class-d 5 Mbps Rate 60 Mbps

1. Operation of the output port shaper function 2. The total value 70 Mbps of class-a to class-d will be shrank to 60 Mbps by the output shaper function when it is output. 3. The total value 70 Mbps of output frames class-a to class-d will be shrank by the output port shaper function to 60 Mbps (class-a 25 Mbps; class-b 20 Mbps; class-c 10 Mbps; class-d 5 Mbps) in the order of the priority from the lowest class to be output (when the frame length for the output bandwidth for each input frame is 1500 bytes). iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Out port control -- SP + D-WRR mode

How it works?

Weighted Round Robin uses a number that indicates the importance (weight) of each queues. WRR scheduling prevents the low-priority queues from being completely neglected during periods of high-priority traffic. The WRR scheduler transmits some packets from each queue in turn. The number of packets it transmits corresponds to the relative importance of the queue. iPASO200 Class-a 42 Mbps Class-b 50 Mbps Class-c 50 Mbps Class-d 50 Mbps

class-a SP (Strict Priority)

Rate42 Mbps

Output port shaper function

Rate 9 Mbps

Rate 60 Mbps

Rate 6 Mbps

[Breakdown] class-a 42 Mbps class-b 9 Mbps class-c 6 Mbps class-d 3 Mbps

class-b DWRR

class-c DWRR Rate 3 Mbps class-d DWRR

WRR only fair and good solution for data traffic with rather fixed packet length, instead D-WRR will be perfect fair for variable packet size oriented data traffic , iPASO support with D-WRR scheduling or shaping


Elements of QoS ( Discard Control) Determines whether the current frame to be queued or discarded, depending on the packet priority and the state of the queue.

Too Late!!

Comfortable!!

Little slow..

Not connecte d well…

Traffic Concentration h t d i w d n a B

Early detect and restrain Window Size decrease globally Average Utilization Time

h t d i w d n a B

Average Utilization

Time Effective Window size variation iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

46

Congestion Avoidance ( Discard Control) iPASO200 support Weight Tail Drop at Release 1.07and later with WRED Congestion avoidance techniques on the egress queues. Both techniques will drop packets when preconfigured thresholds on the egress queues have been reached.

Threshold2 (75%) Threshold3 Threshold1 (100%) (50%)

Weighted Tail Drop (WTD), with thresholds Setting on each queue, for congestion avoidance

Queuing Priority1: 0% discard Queuing Priority2: 0％ discard Queuing Priority3: 0% discard Queueing Priority1:100%discard Queuing Priority2: 0％ discard Queuing Priority3: 0% discard Queueing Priority1:100%discard Queuing Priority2: 100％ discard Queuing Priority3: 0% discard iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Operation Administration & Maintenance (OAM)


48

Ethernet OAM To maintain the service availability and quality for the packet networks, powerful OAM toolset is required. Provide Fault management by Ethernet OAM (ITU-T Y.1731 and CFM or IEEE 802.1ag). Fault Management – CC (Continuity Check) – LB (Loop Back) → It corresponds to “ping” in IP. – LT (Link Trace) → It corresponds to “trace route” in IP.

Provider X BTS/Node-B

Operator A

Operator B

BSC/RNC

CC LB LT

Y.1731 Performance Management not yet supported By iPASO200 iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

49

Ethernet OAM

Connectivity Fault Management

Function Fault Detection Fault verification-Loop back Fault isolation Discovery Fault Notification

Performance Monitor

Frame Loss

Y.1731

802.1ag

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

● ●

Frame Delay

●

Delay Variation

●

Mechanism CCM LBM / LBR LTM / LTR LTM / LTR

-

AIS RDI

-

CCM, LTM, LTR

-

DM(1 way) DMM, DMR

-

DM(1 way) DMM, DMR

CCM : Continuity Check Message LBM: Loopback Message LBR: Loopback Reply LTM: Link Trace Message LTR: Link Trace Reply DM: Delay Measurement DMM: Delay Measurement Message DMR: Delay Measurement Reply iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

50

Example of Maintenance Entities

Provider X Customer 1

Operator A 2

3

Customer

Operator B 4

5

6

8

9

Customer Level (5-7) Service Provider Level (3-5) Operator Level (0-2) Maintenance Entity Points Maintenance Intermediate Points

Maintenance Entities


51

ETH-CC (Fault Detection)

1

2

3

4

Legend

: MEP : CCM : CCM

Objectives To Establish OAM connections on the Ethernet-based networks. To understand fault detection by sending and receiving ETH-CC frames between MEPs periodically

Operations Each MEP transmits ETH-CC frames periodically If MEP does not receive any ETH-CC frames for 3.5 times of the ETH-CC frame transmission interval, it provide alarm indication (loss of connectivity)


52

ETH-LB (Fault Verification) 1

2

3

4

Legend :฀MEP :฀MIP :฀LBM :฀LBR

Objectives To verify the connectivity between multiple equipments Unicast ETH-LB ： verification between the designated 2 equipments Multicast ETH-LB： verification the existence of the nodes in the same MEG

Operations MEP#1 sends a Unicast ETH-LBM frame to MEP#4 MIP(#2,3) forwards the ETH-LBM frame to the far-end MEP#4 terminates the ETH-LBM frame and reply a ETH-LBR frame MEP#1 receive the ETH-LBR frame iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

53

ETH-LT (Fault Isolation) 1

2

TTL=n

3

TTL=n-1

4

TTL=n-2

TTL=n TTL=n-1 TTL=n-2

Legend : MEP : MIP : LTM : LTR

Objectives To verify the route status and localization of the fault

Operations MEP#1 sends a ETH-LTM frame to MEP#4 Each MIP (#2,#3) sends a reply ETH-LTR to MEP#1, and forwards the ETH-LTM frame with the decreased TTL value to the far-end MEP#4 terminates the ETH-LTM frame and reply a ETH-LTR frame MEP#1 receives the ETH-LTR frames which have the different TTL value. iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

iPASO200 Ethernet OAM functions (2)

iPASO200 #2

iPASO200 #1 LAN

Reply frame NG

L2SW

MODEM

MODEM

LAN

Reply frame OK Reply frame NG

iPASOLINK200 supports only Down MEP/MIP Ether OAM reply frame from Switch to LAN/MODEM port outward direction is okay But from LAN/MODEM toward Switch directional is not supported For this application, ETH-CC/LB/LT reply frame only at iPASO #1MODEM port The MEP of IPASO #1should be set only at Modem port


ETH-CC/LB/LT

OAM Parameter Setting and Testing Example (1)

VLAN ID 20

Access One

Access One OAM Test Set

OAM Test Set MIP

MIP

MIP

MIP

MIP

MIP

MIP

MIP

MEP 2

MEP 1 By external OAM Test Set Left Access One MEP Index: 1 Right Access One MEP Index: 2 MEG ID: ABC (Domain Name) MEG Level: 0 VLAN ID: 20

Set as MIP

Note: Create VLAN 20 before setup OAM

Use Access One test set to perform OAM Test Check ETH CC ETH LB/LT results


56

OAM Parameter Setting and Testing Example (2)

VLAN ID 20

SW

Modem port set as MEP1

SW MIP

1

SW MIP

MIP

SW MIP

2

1 MEP Index: 1 MEG ID: ABC (Domain Name) MEP ID: 1 at IDU1 MEP ID: 2 at IDU4 MEG Level: 0 VLAN ID: 20 Peer MEP ID: 2 at IDU1

2

Modem port set as MEP2

1

From left to right perform ETH LB/LT control to check result

2

From right to left perform ETH LB/LT control to check result

Note: Create VLAN 20 before setup OAM 1

2

MEP


What is STP/RSTP?


58

Problems of L2 Loop

MAC A -- Port# 1

?? MAC A -- Port# 2

(1)Storming: Broadcast / Multicast Storm DLF (Destination Lookup Failure)/Unknown Uni-cast Storm (2)MAC Mis-Learning Storm Frames rewrite MAC Table. It caused flapping of Mac Learning Table.

MAC A


59

STP Parameter - Bridge ID & Path Cost Bridge ID (STP, RSTP) Bridge ID (8 Bytes) Bridge ID is main Parameter for Spanning Tree Algorithm, The Bridge with lowest Bridge ID is selected as “Root Bridge”

Bridge Priority

Bridge MAC Address

2bytes

6bytes

Default Bridge Priority = 32768 (IEEE 802.1d)

Path Cost is accumulated Cost between a Bridge to Root Bridge. Path Cost defined in IEEE802.1d Link Speed

Cost

10Gbps

2

1Gbps

4

100Mbps

19

10MBps

100

Root Bridge

1000Base-T

100Base-Tx

0+4=4

4+19 =23

0+19 =19

100Base-Tx 10Base-T 19+100 =119

*Port Cost is manually configurable iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

60

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Root Port

Root Bridge

Designated Port Blocking Port Data Flow

Loop#1 Disabled Redundant Path

Blocking Port

1- Root Bridge- one root bridge per network ( lowest BID) 2- One root Port per non root bridge. (port forwarding to root bridge) 3- Designated port per segment


61

Difference between STP and RSTP STABLE TOPOLOGY PORT ROLES

PORT STATES

TOPOLOGY CHANGES

TRANSITION

TOPOLOGY CHANGE

CHANGE ROOT

STP ONLY THE ROOT SEND BPDU AND OTHERS RELAY THEM. ROOT (FORWARDING) DESIGNATED (FORWARDING) NON-DESIGNATED (BLOCKING)

RSTP ALL BRIDGES SEND BPDU EVERY HELLO (2SEC) AS A KEEP ALIVE MECHANISM. ROOT (FORWARDING) DESIGNATED (FORWARDING) ALTERNATE (DISCARDING) BACKUP ( DISCARDING) DISABLED , BLOCKING, LISTENING, DISCARDING (DISABLED, BLOCKING, LISTENING) LEARNING FORWARDING LEARNING, FORWARDING USE TIMERS FOR CONVERGENCE PROPOSAL AND AGREEMENT PROCESS FOR INFORMED FROM THE ROOT. SYNCHRONIZATION (LESS THAN 1 SEC) HELLO (2SEC) HELLO, MAX AGE AND FORWARDING DELAY TIMERS MAX AGE (20SEC) USED ONLY FOR BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY WITH FORWARDING DELAY TIME (15SEC) STP. ONLY RSTP PORT RECEIVING STP SLOW: (50SEC), BLOCKING (20SEC)=> FASTER: NO LEARNING STATES. DOESN’T WAIT TO LISTENING (15 SEC) => LEARNING BE INFORMED BY OTHERS, INSTEAD, ACTIVELY (15SEC) => FORWARDING. LOOKS FOR POSSIBLE FAILURE BY A FEED BACK MECHANISM. (RLQ) WHEN A BRIDGE DISCOVER A CHANGE EVERY BRIDGE CAN GENERATE TOPOLOGY CHANGE IN THE NETWORK IT INFORM THE ROOT. AND INFORM ITS NEIGHBORS WHEN IT IS AWARE OF THEN ROOT INFORMS THE OTHER TOPOLOGY CHANGE AND IMMEDIATELY DELETE OLD BRIDGES BY SENDING BPDU AND DB INSTRUCT THE OTHERS TO CLEAR THE DB ENTRIES AFTER THE FORWARDING DELAY IF A BRIDGE (NON-ROOT) DOESN'T IF A BRIDGE DOESN’T RECEIVE 3X HELLOS FROM RECEIVE HELLO FOR 10X HELLO TIME, THE ROOT, IT START CLAIMING THE ROOT ROLE BY FROM THE ROOT, IT START CLAIMING GENERATING ITS OWN HELLO THE ROOT ROLE BY GENERATING ITS OWN HELLO. iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions 62

STP IEEE 802.1D - Theory background (1) 1- Root Bridge- one root bridge per network ( lowest BID) 2- One root Port per non root bridge. (port forwarding to root bridge) 3- Designated port per segment

Bridge: A Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01

Bridge: B Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-03

Port 1

Port 1

Port 2

Step 1: All bridges will send BPDU packets to each other to elect who will be the Root bridge How to decide: Smallest ID win Smallest MAC Address win Step 2: Result: Bridge A is the Root bridge Bridge B, Bridge C are non Root bridge

Port 2

Port 1

Port 2

Bridge: C Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-02


63

STP IEEE 802.1D - Theory background (2) Non Root Bridge Bridge: B Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-03

Root Bridge Bridge: A Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01 Port 1

RP Port 1 as Root port

Port 2 Step 3 Every non root bridge must select one root port to send traffic to root Bridge based on best root path cost Suppose all connections are 100M FE speed for this example

Port 2

Port 1 as Root port Port 2

RP

Non Root Bridge Bridge: C Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-02


64



Segment 1

DP Port 2

Port 1 as Root port

DP

Step 4 Selections of Designated Ports Port provided the least parth cost from the segment to the root is elected as designated port

RP

Port 2

Segment 2 Segment 3 Port 1 as Root port

Result: Since the ports on Bridge A are directly connected to the root bridge, these ports become the DP for S1 and S2 Port 1 of Bridge A as Designated port for Segment 1 Port 2 of Bridge A as Designated port for Segment 2

Port 2

RP



65



Segment 1

RP

DP Port 2

Port 1 as Root port

DP

Continue on Step 5: Election of Designated Ports for segment 3 The path cost to the RB is the same for Bridge B and Bridge C The tie breaker is the lower MAC address of bridge C Result: Port 2 of Bridge B as DP

Step 7: Ports that are not DP or RP go to the blocking state

Port 2

Segment 2 Segment 3 Port 1 as Root port

DP Port 2

RP

Step 6: RP and DP ports go into the forwarding states

BP



66


Root Bridge Bridge: A Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01 Forwarding

Forwarding

Port 1

RP

DP Port 2 Step 8

Port 1 as Root port

DP

BP

Blocked Port 2

Forwarding

At this point STP has fully converged Bridge C continuous to send BPDU advertising its superiority Over Bridge B As long as this condition remain good The port 2 of Bridge-B remain blocked For any reason if Bridge B –port2 not Receive a BPDU for max. 20 sec It will start to transition to forwarding mode

BPDU Port 1 as Root port

DP

Forwarding

Forwarding Port 2

RP



67


Root Bridge Bridge: A Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01 Forwarding Spanning Tree Failure Port 1 The blocked port has gone into Forwarding Port 2

Forwarding RP

DP

Port 2

Port 1 as Root port

DP

DP

Was Blocked Now forwarding

Forwarding

Summary of STP Port States 1. Blocking 2. Listening 3. Learning 4. Forwarding 5. Disabled

Port 1 as Root port

BPDU

Forwarding Port 2

RP



68

How STP and RSTP works (1)? 111

111 1 1

D

2

R

222

1

1

2

2

333

D

D

R

D

FOR STP CASE

D

R

222

R

1

1

2

2

D

1

Blocked

R

Root Port

D

Designated

2

R

2

444

444

B

333

D

R

B

1

2

Switch 222 and 444 wait for 20 seconds for Max Age Time + 15 seconds (listening) + 15 seconds ( learning) Total 50 seconds to converge iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

69

How STP and RSTP works (2)? 111

111 1 1

D

2

D

FOR RSTP CASE

D

R

2

222

333

R

1

1

2

2 D

222

R

1

1

2

2

333

D

R

D R

D

B

1

R

1

2

444

444

B

Blocked

R

Root Port

D

Designated

2

When 222 loses it connection to 111, it immediately Start it port 2 to inform 444, then 444 place it P2 to Forwarding. 444 perform a hand shake with 222 Called “sync operation” The sync required a BPDU Exchange, but does not use timers, and therefore Perform fast switching!


70

Ether Ring Protection


71

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Utilizing widely-deployed Ethernet (802.1,3) with OAM (802.1ag/Y.1731) Loop-free protection mechanism Protection Switching Time <50ms Scalable topologies – Single ring, interconnected rings, and logical rings – No. of nodes per ring: no limitation in theory • Administrative operation – Forced switching – Manual switching – Revertive/ Non-revertive • • • •

Client #1 Signal

Traffic separation with VLAN Tag

ETH-CC

RPL (Ring Protection Link)

Client #2 Signal RPL (Ring Protection Link)


72

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection  

    

G.8032 is an ITU Recommendation Defines the APS (Automatic Protection Switching ) protocol and protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer ring topologies. Use of standard 802 MAC and OAM frames around the ring Uses standard 802.1Q , but with xSTP disabled. Prevents loops within the ring by blocking one of the links Monitoring of the ETH layer for discovery and identification of Signal Failure (SF) conditions. Protection and recovery switching within 50 ms for typical rings.

Unblock blocking Port

Blocking Port

Client Traffic 1) Normal Condition

Submission of FDB Flush, Unblock blocking Port 2) Failure Event 3) Switchover Condition


73

Synchronization in iPASOLINK


Type of Synchronization Timing signalof system A

Frequency Synchronization ：all nodes align in both clock and radio channel frequencies generated by the same frequency source.

TA=1/fA t Timing signalof systemB TB=1/fB

Phase Synchronization ： all nodes have access to a reference timing signal whose rising edges occur at the same instant in time. This process is also referred to as relative-time synchronization or “adaptive frame alignment” in 3GPP mobile system. In phased 1PPS (pulse per second) signal is applied for phase synchronization of 3GPP2(cdmaOne/cdma2000and WiMAX.

t Timing signalof systemA

t Timing signalof systemB

Timing signal of system A 00:00:00 00:00:01

t 00:00:03 00:00:04

System A t Timing signal of system B 00:00:00 00:00:01

00:00:03 00:00:04

Time Synchronization ： all nodes have access to the information on the reference time. The time synchronization is also referred to as time-of-day synchronization or wall-clock synchronization, where the clocks in question are traceable to a time-base such as UTC. Usually, this can be used as an alternate of phase synch. ToD( time of day) signals are applied for this synch..

System B t iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Synchronous Ethernet Concept Uses the PHY clock – Generates the clock signal from “bit stream” – Similar to traditional SONET/SDH/PDH PLLs Each node in the Packet Network recovers the clock Performance is independent of network loading

There are four quality levels for clocks in SDH: Primary Reference Clock G.811 SSU Slave clock (local node) G.812

SSU Slave clock (transit node) G.812 SDH network element clock (SEC) G.813


76

IEEE1588v2 End-to-End Synchronization Concept (1) Boundary Clock (BC) Sync

Sync

Sync

S

S

M

S

M

PRC (Primary Reference Clock)

Sync S

M

M

CX2200

CX2600

All intermediate node terminates messages link-by-link.

(2) Transparent Clock (TC)

M

:Time synchronization Master

S

:Time synchronization Slave

Defined on version 2

PRC

Sync S

M

CX2200

CX2600 C t 3 = t 2 t C Forwarding delay = t C –

B t 2 = t 1 t B Forwarding delay = t B –

t 1 = t t A –

A

Forwarding delay = t A

t Clock (PDU Information) Timestamp = t

Intermediate node doesn’t terminate messages but add delay information node-by-node.

(3) Slave Clock (SC)

Defined on version 2

M

CX2200

CX2600 C

B

A

S


PTP Server

Circuit Emulation – pseudo wire


78

Pseudo Wire Emulation (PWE) ETH E1 TDM

SAToP/ CESoPSN

TDM -> CES

E1

E1 TDM

TDM ATM

Data over E1

Node

Node

TDM(PDH/SDH)

TDM ATM

Circuit Emulation /Pseudo Wire Emulation Data over Packet TDM ATM

Node

PWE

PWE Packet Network

PWE3 (Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge) iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

Node

TDM ATM

PWE-SAToP RFC4553 - Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)over Packet (SAToP) - whole E1/T1 Frame based packetization (Unstructured) E1 Ch32

ch0

…

TDM

Frame/Packet ch0 Ch32

Ch32

…

T S 3 1

…

T T S S -2 1

. …..…………

E 1 F R A M E

PW PAYLOAD

C T R L W O R D

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

ch0

…

CESoP CES ch0

(IP/VLAN/MPLS)

ch0 Ch32

Ch32

…

Ch32

Transport Packet Header

Payload

T S 3 1

ch0 Header

…

T T S S -2 1

. …..…………

C T R L W O R D

P W H E A D E R

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

T S 3 1

P W H E A D E R

PW PAYLOAD

T T S S -2 1

. …..…………

E 1 F R A M E

C T R L W O R D

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

P W H E A D E R

PW PAYLOAD

SUITABLE FOR UNSTRUCTURED TDM, IGNORE IF THERE IS A STRUCTURE SAToP ENCAPSULATED N BYTES OF TDM STREAM IN EACH PACKET IGNORING ANY TDM FRAME ALIGNMENT THE ENTIRE E1 IS PACKETIZED INCLUDING ALL TIME SLOTS WHETHER USED OR NOT., THE E1 STREAM IS SLICED INTO FIXED SIZE BLOCKS OF EQUAL SIZE FOR PACKETIZATION. THE SLICE POSITION IS RANDOM AND NOT RELATED TO THE E1 FRAMING BITS (TS0) PSEUDO WIRE REQUIRE AN OVERHEAD TYPICALLY 10 TO 20 % OVER THE NATIVE TDM BANDWIDTH.


80

PWE-CESoPSN RFC5086 - Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN) - N DS0 based packetization (structured) E1

Transport Header

(IP/VLAN/MPLS)Packet

Payload Ch32

ch0

Ch32

…

Ch2

Ch1 Ch32

…

Ch2

Ch1

Header

Ch2

Header

…

CESoP CES Ch32

ch0

Ch32

Ch2 Ch32

…

T S 3 1

U N U S .E D T S

…

U N U S E D T S

…..…………

C T R L W O R D

PW PAYLOAD

T T S S -2 1

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

T S 3 1

U N U S .E D T S

…

U N U S E D T S

…..…………

C T R L W O R D

P W H E A D E R

T T S S -2 1

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

T S 3 1

U N U S . E D T S

U N U S E D T S

…..…………

C T R L W O R D

P W H E A D E R

PW PAYLOAD

T T S S -2 1

R T P

E 1 F R A M E

P W H E A D E R

PW PAYLOAD

CESoPSN IS STRUCTURE –AWARE TRANSPORT CONSIDER THE TDM STRUCTURE INTO ACCOUNT THE FRAME ALIGNMENT SIGNAL (FAS) IS MAINTAINED AT PSN EGRESS POINT. ENTIRE E1 STREAM CAN BE PACKETIZED, INCLUDING ALL TIME SLOTS USED OR NOT USED IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE NOT TRANSPORT UNUSED TIME SLOTS IN THE PAYLOAD SAVING BANDWIDTH iPASOLINK iPASOLINK Ethernet Functions

81

About ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery) •

Inserts clock information to packet header (Control Word or RTP)

•

Recover clock information at clock slave node

Central Office Master Node

TDM Equipment

Carrier PSN

Slave Node

TDM Equipment

In-Band E1

TDM to Packet

Time Stamp

Primary Reference Source

Queue

Packet to TDM

T1/E1

Time Stamp

Clock Encode

f Reference

Customer Premises

Service

Filter Service

E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node


ACR is used at slave node

82

iPASOLINK PWE configuratgion

Modem-1

Modem-2

E1 Ethernet BUS Modem

XC MB 16E1

PWE CH1

MSE

L2SW

PWE CH64

STM-1 -Chanellized -Chanellized

FE / GbE Ports

E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node


ACR is used at slave node

83

Ethernet Cables

Ethernet Specification 10BASE-T 10BASE2 10BASE5 100BASE-X 100BASE-T

100BASE-FX 100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4 100BASE-T2

1000BASE- 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-X FX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-CX 1000BASE-T 10GBASE-X

10GBASE-TX1

10GBASE-SR 10GBASE-R 10GBASE-LR 10GBASE-ER 10GBASE-SW 10GBASE-LW 10GBASE-LW 10GBASE-W 10GBASE-EW 10GBASE-LW4 10GBASE-LW4

Speed 10M 10M 10M 100M 100M 100M 100M 1000M 1000M 1000M 1000M 1000M 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G

Cable Type UTP cable (CAT3) (CAT3) Coaxial cable (50 ohms, diameter of 5mm) Coaxial cable (50 ohms, diameter of 10mm) Fiber optic cable (1300nm MMF) UTP cable (CAT5) (CAT5) UTP cable (CAT3) (CAT3) UTP cable (CAT3) (CAT3) Fiber optic cable (1300nm MMF) Fiber optic cable (1300nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (850nm MMF) Coaxial cable UTP cable (CAT5 e/CAT6) Fiber optic cable (1310nm MMF) Fiber optic cable (1310nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (850nm MMF) Fiber optic cable (1310nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (1550nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (850nm MMF) Fiber optic cable (1310nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (1550nm SMF) Fiber optic cable (1310nm SMF)


Distance 100m 185m 500m 2000m 100m 100m 100m 550m 5000m 550m 25m 100m 300m 10km 65m 10km 40km 65m 10km 40km 10km

84

Ethernet - 2 Ethernet Standards The standardization of LAN is conducted by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It has already standardized many LAN-related technologies that we are familiar with in everyday life. They includes IEEE802.3, standards on the Ethernet, and IEEE802.11a/b/g, standards on the Wireless LAN. Standard

Layer 7 Application Layer Layer 6 Presentation Layer Layer 5 Session Layer

IEEE802.1

Layer 4 Transport Layer

Layer 3 Network Layer LLC

IEEE802.2

Layer 2 Data Link Layer MAC IEEE802.3 Layer 1 Physical Layer

..

Working Group

IEEE802.1

Higher Layer LAN Protocols

IEEE802.2

Logical Link Control

IEEE802.3

Ethernet

IEEE802.4

Token Bus

IEEE802.5

Token Ring

IEEE802.6

Metropolitan Area Network

IEEE802.7

Broadband

IEEE802.8

Fiber Optic

IEEE802.9

Isochronous LAN

IEEE802.10

Security

IEEE802.11

Wireless LAN

IEEE802.12

Demand Priority

IEEE802.14

Cable Modem

IEEE802.15

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

IEEE802.16

Broadband Wireless Access (W iMAX)

IEEE802.17

Resilient Packet Ring

IEEE802.18

Radio Regulatory

IEEE802.19

Coexistence

IEEE802.20

Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)


85

4 IPasolink Ethernet Functions 1-Libre

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