gMP
oH BR@;RÝD HMU?D SR HV> "CC BVHVU?V> BV?V BV?RTR? GÌ> T;H
© 2015 Miguel Ángel Sosa Lázaro
© Centro Libros PAPF, S. L. U., 2015 Alienta es un sello editorial de Centro Libros PAPF, S. L. U. Grupo Planeta Av. Diagonal, 662-664 08034 Barcelona www.planetadelibros.com Diseño de cubierta: Departamento de Arte y Diseño, Área Editorial Grupo Planeta Ilustración de cubierta: © María Esperanza Alba
ISBN: 978-84-16253-31-9 Depósito legal: B. 12.526-2015 Primera edición: junio de 2015 Preimpresión: Victor Igual, S.L. Impreso por Egedsa Impreso en España - Printed in Spain
No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su incorporación a un sistema informático, ni su transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea éste electrónico, mecánico, por fotocopia, por grabación u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y por escrito del editor. La infracción de los derechos mencionados puede ser constitutiva de delito contra la propiedad intelectual (art. 270 y siguientes del Código Penal). Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra. Puede contactar con CEDRO a través de la web www.conlicencia.com o por teléfono en el 91 702 19 70 / 93 272 04 47.
c`‘hdmd
b;R?MSD HRTM OV> BRE>VSD @;R ;E HMU?D TDGD R>M<Ü> RLù V iREERS6 ED BDER? TVBD TDEDTR? B?MGR4 ?D VH BR?>DEVLR @;R HD OV R>T?MV, ì_D>V -u BV?V HD> VGMPD>u o>DEVLR Q;R SM?RTMTD V HD> 9RMEMR, >MRESD SM?RTGV sSDHQD gV?>MHHVTOu nD?4 GV? BV?MHHVTO V R>V RSVS ;BDEPD @;R VSRGÜ> SR ;EV ?R>BDE>VUMHMSVS R> ;EV R7TRHREV??DHHDu sE 6V OVUÞV >MSD Q;ESVSD? SRH nR>M OV6 ;EV BR?>DEV @;R >VUR SR R >ME S;SV R> _D>Vu o> ;E HRTRER EDM >R ED METVBV5 SR HRR? ;E HMU?D 6 ED RETDE;B;R>4 V>Þu hD TDEDTÞ >MRESD SM?RTu YD R?V ;E METMBMRE U;REV
12
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
VGM>DEVH 6 HV 9R?SVS R> @;R HD TDE>RP;ÞV TDE T?RTR>uuu >VH9D ;EV ?V?V R74 TRBTMùEa >MRGB?R OVUÞV ;EV BR?>DEV RE RH BV @;R GR GM?VUV MGBR?<*??MME R>UD5V? >DE?M>V VHP;EVu Ïb;M*E BDSÞV >R? V@;RH R7DEVLR VH @;R HR TD>DE?RÞ?Na RH VGMPD _D>Vu sïD> GÜ> T;U?Þ @;R _D>V R> TDGD r;>; >DHRGER TV?V SR BVHD, ED R> @;R ED HR P;>DE?RÞ?, R> @;R HR P;>R?9V? OV> GÞEMGD SRM >DE?ÞR >RP;?D @;R VHPD >R HR R>TVBVu o>V BV>MùE BD? RH SR;> /H TDE4 >RT;RETMV> 6 BD? >;B;R> V 9R? ?RQHRLVSV RE R>V> SRH SR> V 6 R> GM GVED SR?RTOV, SR ORTOD V *H HR P;>R TDGD GM ìV9V RGBR5V? V HR SMLR @;R HD MUV V VHRLV? SRH G;ESD SR HV T;H<;?V BD?@;R HV T;H<;?V ED HD MUV V >VTV? SR BDU?Ru pR>B;*> SR VïD> SR ?RHVTMùE HVUD?VH >R B;RSR SRTM? @;R ED >ùHD ED OR TDE>RP;MSD VHRLV?4 HD SR HV T;H<;?V >MED @;R OR >MSD QVPDTM MGBD>MUHR OVUHV? TDE _D>V 6 ED VB?RESR? VHPDu qDGD *H SMTR, R><Ü HHRED SR TDEDTMGMRE ME/, BR?D >MRGB?R V> @;R HD OVTR BD? 9VTMHV?, BR?D ED, HD OVTR BD?4 @;R >RETMHHVGREVUR ;RV R7VTM<;VTMùE, ;E >RE; VQÜE SR T;H<;?M5V? V HD> VGMPD> T?Rù ;E P?;BD SR [OV<>VBB ?V?V> TDGD _D>V -, 6 R> @;R ;E R OV HRÞSD RH SMTTMDEV?MD RE 9V?MV> DTV>MDER>, ED
c`‘hdmd
13
ED> REPVïRGD>, R> ?V?D SR EV?MTR>u s>Þ B;R>, TVSV SÞV ED> ?RPVHVUV ;EV BVHVU?V ì?V?V -u cVHVU?V> SR ;>D ED?GVH BV?V *H, BR?D MEME BV?V ED>Du qDE RH VTD><;GU?VGD> V >;> BVHVU?V>, ED R?VE BVHVU?V> VH V5V? SRH SMTTMDEV?MD, R?VE BVHVU?V> @;R RE G;TOV> DTV>MDER> M<;VTMùE TDET?RD RE RH P?;BD ;EV QDM ME>MEPHVS;?V , @;RR> HV SM>u dVLR SMTM*ESDGR @;R <;9MR>R T;M4 SVSD TDE RH H;@;R DV @;R HV ?DSVLV SR HM4 GùE @;R >R RTOV RE HV URUMSVu pVESD ;EV TOV?HV TDGRE<* @;R OVTÞV TMRE pV?8ME OVUÞV B;UHMTVSD oH D?MPRE SR HV> R>BRTMR> 6 GR VTDE>RLù @;R ;R HV BVHVU?V >R>@;MTRE HV BVHVU?V R7VTD> TMREu ]E U;RE SÞV SRTMSMù TR??V? RH P?;BD SR [OV<>VBB 6 ED> SRLù O;*?QVED> SR >;> BVHVU?V>u c?DU* V U;>TV? RE RH SMTTMD4 EV?MD, BR?D ED R?V HD GM>GDu e;ETV RETDEMRGB?R R?VE BVHVU?V> VHRVu gÜ> VGMPD> 6 HR SMLRa ìED >RV> RPDÞ> @;R TDGBV?V Q;R HV PR> HV >RHRTTMùE SR TM HM @;R VTDGBVïVE V TVSV ;EV SR HV> BVHVU?V>u oEV> TM RETDE V GÜ> SR SD>TMRE V; 6 SDTR B?RGMD> eDURHu qV>M EVSVu hV> TM RE HV GV6D?ÞV SR HD> TV>D> >VHRE SR >; BD?
14
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
V GRGD?MV, 6 R> @;R R> MET?RÞUHR @;R VHP;MRE VH 9R? ;EV BVHVU?V ?RT;R?SR RH V;u o>R R> _D>Vu ]E ODGU?R T;6V GRGD?MV >ùHD OV >MSD >;BR?VSV BD? HV SR eVBDHRùE, OV>R OVE HHRPVSD V HR9VE V HV GRGD?MV SR eVBD4 HRùEu ^VH R> HV MEV @;R >M O;UMR?V EVTMSD RE o> ]EMSD>uuu OVUHV?ÞV MEPH*>u ]EV ORUSùGVSV SR>B;*> -BR?ÞDSD SR >MR3 SRUD SRTM? @;R >D6 ;E BD@;M T;H V _D>Vu Y P?VTMV> V R> V >R?, D VH GRED> HD 9V> V BV4 ?RTR?, BD?@;R 6V >VUR> @;R HD MGBD? >R? GÜ> T;H4 MED BV?RTR?HDu _M ED @;MR?R> VTVUV? TDGD GM GVS?R SMTMRESD VHTÜE5V4 GRRHì*><ÜRERHì*>R-, T;VESD RE ?RVHMSVS @;MR?R> SRTM? ìVHTÜE5VGR RH TV?<Ü RE RH VEV@;RH- SR4 UR> HRR? R> ;E HMU?D BV?V HRR? 6 ?RHRR?, BV?V SM>Q?;V GÜ> UDEMR B;RSR OVTR? @;R T;H<;?M5V? V RV> GM>DERÞ> ED9RSVSR>3 6 5VGU/HHR4 ME S;SV SM>Q?;, 6 >M ED HD OVTR> VH GRED> R> G;TOD GÜ> B?RBV?VSD BV?V M? V cV>VBVHVU?V u m?VTMV> _D>V, BD?@;R P?VTMV> V D6 GRLD? BR?>DEV, GR4 LD? B?DQR>MDEVH 6 G;TOÞ>MGD GÜ> T;H BD? ?RPV4 HV?ED> BV?VUMS;?ÞVu gVPD gD?R
18
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
QD?GVUVa >ùHD RE RH B?DP?VGV s QDESD," @;R SM?MPÞV 6 B?R4 >RER REDEVLR> SR HV , kDER>TD, \V?PV> hHD>V D `VQVRH sHUR?4 BMVSD>D> 6 BV>RGD> ;?PRE BVHVU?V>, TDGD ED>D, EVTRE 6 G;R?RE 6 TDGD VHP;ED> SR ED>D -GÜ> UMRE TDGD VHP;ED SR 9D>D3 ; GDGREBHRESD? -TV??D5V, QR<*E D >MTVHMB4 >M>3u hHVGV HV VVBV?RTRE SRH HREP;VLR OVUM<;VH 6 V;E SRH R>T?M TDGD HV SR 4 ; G;LR?3 D HV GÜ> QR>MVEV GVGV?ÚE -ODGU?R @;R, QMEPM*ESD>R 6 VPV4 >VLD> RE @;R ED MR?V @;R R>VUD?RVSD, >;> BVHVU?V> TV4 TDE SRHRM TDE GR>;?Vu _M VSRGÜ> SR>4 BR?MSVS SR VT;SM? V HV DU?V VH;SMSV RE T;VH@;MR?V SR HV> TM, B;R> GMRH >DU?R ODL;RHV>u lV6 GÜ> SR SD>TMRE V; R>BR?ÜESD BÜPMEV>, R>4 BR?D @;R HD> SM>Q?; V
gVS?MS, =C("
"u ^\o, ()#&4()x(
s
VT?MGDEMV
-pRH HVBR?R5V SR HV> TD>V>, R>BRTMVHGRE
DHQVu Qu sP;SR5V SRH SDHD?u +u Qu s>BR?R5V D SR>VU?MGMRE;> VSRE, RH GVPM>Ý @;R R> O;GMHSR> HVU?VSD?R> ÚED OVUÈV S;SV @;R B?DTRSÈVE SRH sESR 6 @;R OVUÈVE 9M9MSD RE TDERER ;E BVS?R VT?MGDEMD>D @;R >R EMRPV V V;; OMLDu gV?MD \V?PV> hHD>V, hV <ÈV j;HMV 6 RH R>T?MUMSD?
VT;TMV
-pRH Uu HV<;TMV, VP;SR5V0, SR?u SRH HV<;> KVP;SD03u (u Qu pMHMPRETMV, >DHMTM<;S, B?M>Vu
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
22
>u Qu pR>RD 9RORGRE BDEÈVE VT;TMV RE VSR?R5V? >;> V?GV> 6 TVUVHHD> 6 HD ER4 TR>V?MD, R>BR?VESD @;R RE >VHMRESD V@;RHHD> ?R6R> SR V@;RHHV BREÈE>;HV, GD9MR?V RH ?R6 hM>;V?u mV?TM `DS?ÜP;R5 SR gDE SR mV;HV
VSVGV?
-pRH HVu qD?u R SR VHP;MRE D SR VHPDu ðs6., ðVGV, TVGBR>MED., ðVSÃGV HVUD?R>. oH RETVE<Æ >RP;?D} BV?V BR?Du gMP;RH lR?EÚESR5, c?DQRTÈV >DU?R RH TVGBR>MED
VSV?TR
-pRH HVVHMEV @;R HV> VP;V> SRH GV? QD?GVE RE HD>
DULR @;R GDLVEu cR?D RH VHV SR HMUæH;HV R><Æ VOÈ} >;REV RE >RE 6 RH V9V?D >;RÖDu oHHV >ÝHD R> 9R?SVS, S;R?GR 6 SR>BMR?
23
s
eD 9;RH9V> HV TVUR5V BD?@;R B;GV >R TDE9R?TD cMED, pM>
VSMBDTM?V
-pRH Q?u VSMBDTM?R 3u (u Qu m?V>V TVSV9 *?MTV} >;>ÜTRV UHVESV 6 LVUD4
ED>V TDE>V, TVH 6 TMR? ÜTMSD> P?V>D>u o> B?DS;T4 TDGBD>MTMùE SR TVSÜ9R?R> >;GR?PMSD> RE VP;V D >RB;H RE DHM9MVE<ÝGVPDu _; VHMRE& pDGRETOMEV, hV <êEMTV SR eR>D
VPMUéHMU;>
-pRH Uu HV KMEPREMD>D, SMR> BÞTV?D, BV?V
SR>RE9DH9R?>R RE HV 9MSVu >u Gu TDHD@u cR?>DEV @;R RT;ESVSD BD? ;E 9MRLRTMHHD RE >; VPRE; TDE>RLR?D, OVTMV P?VESR> PVEVETMV>
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
24
B?DT;?VSV> RE >MHRETMD BD? V@;RH P?VESR VPMUÅHMU;> , RE TÆHT;HD> P?VE GVR>& XD??MHHV, hV HR6RESV SRH qMS
VPMUHR
-pRH Uu HV 3u (u VSLu nVT , @;R >R 9R @;R, RE HV> BD>MUHR>, ED >æ DV GÆ> BD>MUHRu gMP;RH SR qR?9VE, oH HVUR?ME
VPDEVH
-pRH HV 3u (u VSLu cR? TR?<ÜGRER>, H;TOV>
6 L;RPD> B/UHMTD>, TDGD SR MEPREMDu >u VSLu cR? >DHMTM<Ý 9RHD5 >VRRÖVH, @;R GD?SMÝ VP;SV} VPDEVH TV??D BD? HV V?REV G;SV ED TD?DEÝ TDE GÆ> >MHRETMD GR;?D>V TD??R, @;R >RT?R
25
s
V >; QME E;R>RV SR ?V5ÝE SR>E;SV, TVSV >DH ?RBR ;E TDGR SR möEPD?V, pR HV U?R9RSVS REPVÖD>V SR HV 9MSV
VHVT?MSVS
-pRH HV, 42 3u (u Qu sHRP?ÞV 6 B?R> BDERGD> RE GV?TOVu gM> SR>9MV4 SD> BV>D> ED GR OVUÈVE VHRLVSD SRGV>MVSD SR E;R> HV TV>Vu oS;V?SD gRESD5V, oH V>DGU?D>D 9MVLR SR cDGBDEMD nHV
VHVSV?
-pRH Ü?u OM>Bu $VH KV AÜ ? , 6 R>u KM A2? 3u (u Gu gRTOùE SR BRHD @;R TVR >DU?R TVSV ;EV SR HV> >MR4
ER>u ]u Gu RE BHu hMU?R @;RSÝ, TDGD RH _VEu _DU?V?DE R> ?REPHDER> RE @;R OVHHV?Æ> GÆ> ?V5DER> @;R RE GM TVUR5V VHVSV?R> u hDBR SR \RPV , hV SVGV UDUV
oh cob]o‰d hkr`d po hs_ "CC cshsr`s_ cs`s cs`oqo` g-_ q]h^d
26
(3(8(
-pRH Ü?u OM>Bu VHKÆQ6V , 6 R>u K 2 QM6VO K>VH;S03u (u Qu TDHD@u Bu ;>u m?VTMV, BR?SùE, GM>R?MTD?SMVu cRSM? VHVQMVu sHPD 5VQMV >R?Æ HV VTTMÝE, GV> TDE RHHV @;M5Æ HV @;R VOD?V D> O;RHHV D> BMSV SR>B;æ> VHVQMV u gVE;RH r?R<öE SR HD> lR??R?D>, nMER5V> TDE9ÈD>
VHU8M
-pRH Ü?u OM>Bu VHUÆ6 / V? , R>u UV6 / V? D UV6 /2?, 6 R>DER?D, TDGVS?ÝE 6 VHUãM gMHVP?D>
VHTV?
-pRH Ü?u OM>Bu VH@V? / Ü > D VH@M? / Ü > , R>u @M? /2> , 6 R>u Gu T;T;?;TOD -%% TVBM?D
27
s
s BDTD @;R R>T;S?MÖÆ>RGD> RE E;R> LR?PDER> D SRUVLD SR E;R> VHGDOVSV>, ?R;EÈVGD> >ME P?VE R>Q;R?5D ;EV SDTREV SR UMTORLD> V>@;R?D>D>u `RESÈVGD> E;R>DHD VHTV? TOMETOR> SR u oGMHMV cV?SD rV5ÚE, ]EV T?M>
VHRU?V?>R
-pR V4( 6 HMRU?R 3u (u B?EHu oTOV?>R RE RH >;RHD BRPÜESD>R TDEu B?EHu VTDUV?SV?>Ru hV BR??V VPM<Ý RH G;ÖÝE 6 DHQVR VHRU?Ú , HV BR@;RÖV TVUR5V HVSRVSV, 6 @;RSÝ MEGÝ9MH, VH VTRTODu gMP;RH pRHMUR>, hV> ?V
VHRT
-pRH P?u +=S/UN3 KPVHHD0 6 4GVETMV 3u (u Qu sSM9MEVTMùE BD? RH TVE
SR >; OÞPVSDu _D> T?R> 6 HV> TV?ÆES;HV> TREMTMRE, 6 TV>M >ME BH;4 GV>, RLR?TÈ HV VHRT SRGDEMD>