ZTE IP RAN Introduction
Name: E-mail: UMTS Product Planning & System Dept. ZTE Product R&D System
Requirement Analysis
ZTE IP RAN Solution
Case Study
1
Service and Technology Trends ARPU trend of European operators
Non-voice service explosion
Radio technology acceleration
GSM GSM
UMTS UMTS R99/R4 R99/R4
LTE LTE R8/R9 R8/R9
HSPA+ HSPA+ R7/R8 R7/R8
HSPA HSPA R5/R6 R5/R6
3.9G 3.9G 3.75G 3.75G 3.5G 3.5G 3G 3G
2G 2G Year
2001-2
2003-5
2006-8
2009-10
64-144kbps DL throughput
384kbps
14Mbps
40Mbps
After 2010 100Mbps & higher
3
Developme Deve lopment nt of Bearing Network Network Performance Bandwidth Data ability Transmission efficiency
TCO
Broader Stronger Higher More flexible
Networking Investment Deployment
Lower Faster
Evolution
Easier
Expansion & relocation Up to date technology
Smoother
Convenience Operation and maintenance Customized service
TDM ATM
Simpler Richer
IP 4
2
All-IP Era is coming
HSS GGSN
MGCF
IP Core MSCS
MGW
All IP is striding into RAN from CN
IMS IMS
MRF
CSCF SGSN
IP UTRAN
IP GERAN
IP Iub interface
IP A interface
IP Iu interface
IP Gb interface
IP Iur interface
IP Abis interface
5
3GPP Iub Specification Radio Network Control Plane
Radio Network Layer
Transport Network Control Plane
User Plane
F D R A A P C C C C H H H H F F F F P P P P
Node B Application Part (NBAP)
H S -D S C H F P
T D D D S C H F P
U T E S F -D C C C H I 2 H F F F P P P
ALCAP
Q.2630.2
Q.2150.2
Transport Layer
SSCF-UNI SSCOP
SSCF-UNI SCTP
SSCOP
AAL5
IP
AAL 5
ATM
Data Link Layer
ATM
UDP AAL2
IP
ATM
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
For ATM
For IP 6
3
3GPP IuCS Specification Radio Network Layer
Transport Network Layer
Co ntrol Plane
U ser Plane
R A N A P
I u U P P r o to c o l Layer
Transport User
Network Plane
Transport Netw ork Con trol Plane
Transport User
Network Plane
Q.2630.2
Q.2150.1
SCCP MTP3b
MTP3b
SSCFN N I
SSCFNN I
SCTP
SSCOP
SSCOP
IP
AAL5
AAL5
M 3 U A
Data Link
ATM
ATM
RTP/ RTCP*)
AAL2
U D P / IP
ATM
Data Link
Physical Layer
*) RT CP is optional.
For IP 7
3GPP IuPS Specification k r o w r t e e N y a o L i d a R
r e y a L k r o w t e N t r o p s n a r T
Con trol Plane
User Plane Iu UP Protocol Layer
RANAP
Transport User
Network Plane
Transport Network Control Plane
Transport Network U s e r Plane
SCCP MTP3-B
M3UA
M3UA
SCTP
SCTP
SSCF-NNI IP
SSCOP AAL5
ATM
GTP-U
GTP-U
UD P
UD P
IP IP
AAL5
D a t a L i nk
A TM
Physical Layer
IP
Data Link
P h y s ic a l L a y e r
For IP 8
4
Requirement Analysis
ZTE IP RAN Solution
Case Study
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 10
5
ZTE Unified All-IP Hardware Platform Since 2004 TD-SCDMA
GSM
SAE
One Switching Platform
UMTS CDMA
WiMAX
All-IP Platform
GSM
Since 2007
UMTS TD-SCDMA
One Radio Platform
CDMA WiMAX LTE
Switching platform: MSCS/MGW/SGSN/GGSN/HLR/BSC/RNC Radio platform: GSM/UMTS/G+U/G+U+L
11
RNC Physical Interface for IP Support
FE/GE STM-1/STM-4 E1/T1/CSTM-1
IP over E1/T1
IP over STM-1/
IP over Fractional
STM-4
IPv6 Support 10GE port
E1/T1 IP over CSTM-1
High capacity
High throughput
High integration
12
6
Node B Physical Interface for IP Support ZTE Ser SDR All Z T E SDR S D R Serie S e ries, i es, s , Al A lll--II P P Su Supp ppoorr tteedd BS8900 BS8800 BS8906 B8200
STM-1
GE
FE
E1/T1 G900/U900 G900/U900
UMTS2100
Native IP IPoE1 2G/3G co-transmission
1*FE/GE
13
ZTE GSM/UMTS IP RAN Feature Development Enhanced IP Abis Flex A Flex Gb
IEEE1588v2
(Frequency)
VLAN
L3 dual homing
BFD
IEEE 802.3ad
CAC based on
RTP Muxon AoIP
transmission (Abis)
ML-PPP
• E-LMI (BSC)
A over IP
MC-PPP
IP SLA
BSS Local Switch
Diffserv
IP Shaping
DHCP
IP Abis via Satellite
ARP checking
PPP
L2 dual homing
authentication MPLS E-LMI (BTS) Flex Abis
GSM UMTS
09Q4
09Q1
IP Header
DHCP (Node B)
Compression DiffServ VLAN QoS based Route IEEE 1588v2 (Frequency)
SLA Monitor BFD
DHCP (RNC) IEEE 802.3ah SLA-PM based CAC LACP (RNC) Path Protection P1
Dual Path
ACL
10Q2
10Q4
11
UDP-MUX on Iub
IEEE 802.1ag
MPLS
RTP-MUX on IuCS
CAC on IuPS
IPv6 Support
Path Protection P2
Dynamic IP Route
E-LMI
Multi Path Sync. Ethernet (RNC) IEEE 1588v2 (Time)
IP Security
Sync. Ethernet
(Node B)
14
7
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 15
General IP RAN Topology All IP FE/GE FE IP/MSTP Transmission
Hybrid
RNC/BSC FE/GE
FE/GE
FE/GE IP/MSTP Backbone
FE/GE
MSCS/MGW FE/GE
FE E1/T1/STM-1
E1/T1/STM-1
RNC/BSC E1/T1/STM-1
SGSN/GGSN
PDH/SDH Backbone
All IP & hybrid available for all interfaces 2G/3G transmission sharing & differentiation CS/PS differentiation 16
8
L3 Switch/Router for BSC/RNC
Broadcast separation of the BSC/RNC from the transmission network Independent port number of the transmission network and the BSC/RNC enabling independent capacity expansion Reuse of existing GE link between the switch and the transmission network in case of IP Abis after IP Iub Easy re-parenting of the BTS/Node B from one BSC/RNC to another Adaptable for flat architecture L2 switch GE GE
IP Transmission
BSC
L3 switch
GE
RNC
L2 switch BTS/Node B
17
Flex A/Gb/Iu with IP Transmission
TDM
More transmission required High implementation cost Complex networking
IP
Less transmission required Low implementation cost Simple networking
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC
IP makes it more feasible.
18
9
IP over E1 Efficiency at Iub Traffic type
Payload
CS 12.2k
CS 64k
PS 64k
HSDPA
HSUPA
RLC/MAC/FP overhead
32
160
160
1280
1280
7
5
14
58
74
Overall overhead
Transport layer overhead
Overhead ratio
Transmission efficiency
AAL2
4
ATM
5
16
33.3%
66.7%
cUDP
5
MLPPP
8
20
38.5%
61.5%
UDP/IP
28
MLPPP
8
43
57.3%
42.7%
UDP/IP
28
Ethernet
38
73
69.5%
30.5%
AAL2
16
ATM
20
41
20.4%
79.6%
cUDP
5
MLPPP
8
18
10.1%
89.9%
UDP/IP
28
MLPPP
8
41
20.4%
79.6%
UDP/IP
28
Ethernet
38
71
30.7%
69.3%
AAL2
16
ATM
20
50
23.8%
76.2%
cUDP
5
MLPPP
8
27
14.4%
85.6%
UDP/IP
28
MLPPP
8
50
23.8%
76.2%
UDP/IP
28
Ethernet
38
80
33.3%
66.7%
AAL2
120
ATM
155
333
20.6%
79.4%
cUDP
5
MLPPP
8
71
5.3%
94.7%
UDP/IP
28
MLPPP
8
94
6.8%
93.2%
UDP/IP
28
Ethernet
38
124
8.8%
91.2%
AAL2
124
ATM
155
353
21.6%
78.4%
cUDP
5
MLPPP
8
87
6.4%
93.6%
UDP/IP
28
MLPPP
8
110
7.9%
92.1%
UDP/IP
28
Ethernet
38
140
9.9%
90.1%
19
IP over E1 vs. ATM over E1
IP over E1
ATM over E1
QoS guarantee
MC-PPP
ATM QoS mechanism
Reliability
ML-PPP
IMA
Simple PPP configuration
Complex ATM configuration
O&M Clock
Link clock available
Investment protection
Yes
20
10
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 21
Clock Accuracy
Accuracy requirement Mode
Frequency Accuracy
Time Synchronization
Requirement
Requirement
GSM
+/-0.05ppm
N/A
WCDMA
+/-0.05ppm
N/A
(Source: 3GPP TS 25.104, 25.402, GSM 05.02)
Self-oscillation accuracy of ZTE RAN equipment Period
Frequency Accuracy
First 24 hours
+/-0.01ppm
First 7 days
+/-0.015ppm
First 1 month
+/-0.02ppm
22
11
ZTE Synchronization Implementation Aggregation
Access
BITS
External Clock: 2M bits & 2M Hz Receiver
GPS Receiver
PSN
Deliver frequency and time
PSN RNC
Time tree
NodeB
Not always viable and not secure Expensive oscillator required
PSN
IEEE 1588V2 Sync Ethernet
Clock is transmitted via dedicated timing packets
Excellent SDH/PDH replacement solution
Can deliver frequency and phase (FDD/TDD) Works over any transport technology Expensive oscillator required
Independent from network load Only deliver frequency but not phase Use PHY clock from bit stream (similar to SDH/PDH)
2323
Master Clock Selection
OMC configurable
Manual switch of master clock
Automatic switch of master clock
Manual reset of master clock
Automatic reset of master clock
24
12
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 25
QoS Management in IP RAN QoS parameters from CN
RNL
Traffic data from/to CN
QoS configuration at OMC
QoS Differentiation
DiffServ IP 802.1Q/P
MLPPP/MCPPP
FE/GE
E1
TNL BSS/RNS
Traffic data from/to MS 26
13
Flow Classification & Mapping to TNL Traffic class
User Plane
Traffic priority (THP)
From CN
User priority (ARP)
Configurable at OMC
C
Control Plane
C
Management Plane
C
Bearer Type (R99/HSPA/MBMS)
Basic priority (1~15)
C
DSCP (COS)
Configurable mapping according to respective parameters for 2G and 3G 27
DSCP & COS Application Traffic Type
DSCP
COS
PHB
Iub NBAP Signaling
101110
5
EF (Expedited Forwarding)
Iub Common Transport Channel
101110
5
EF (Expedited Forwarding)
RRC Connection
100100
4
AF42(Class4, Med Drop)
R99 Conversational
100100
4
AF42(Class4, Med Drop)
R99 Streaming
100100
4
AF42(Class4, Med Drop) AF22(Class2, Med Drop)
R99 Interactive
010100
2
R99 Background
000000
0
Best effort
HSPA Conversational
100110
4
AF43(Class4, High Drop)
HSPA Streaming
100110
4
AF43(Class4, High Drop)
HSPA Interactive
010110
2
AF23(Class2, High Drop)
HSPA Background
000000
0
Best effort
2G Signaling
101110
5
EF (Expedited Forwarding)
2G CS
100100
4
AF42(Class4, Med Drop)
2G PS
010100
2
AF22(Class2, Med Drop)
O&M
000000
0
Best effort
Clock over IP (PTP)
101110
5
EF (Expedited Forwarding)
Configurable mapping between DSCP and COS 28
14
QoS Requirement to IP Bearer Network (SLA) Interface
Packet Delay (One-way)
Packet Delay Jitter
Packet Loss Rate
IP Abis
<20 ms
<10ms
<1%
IP A
<10 ms
<6 ms
<0.05 %
IP Gb
<10 ms
<6 ms
<0.05 %
IP Iub/Iur
<20 ms
<7 ms
<0.05 %
IP Iu-CS
<10 ms
<6 ms
<0.05 %
IP Iu-PS
<10 ms
<6 ms
<0.05 %
29
CAC Rule Traffic
Reserved Bandwidth
Fixed/ Adjustable
Common channel Signaling radio bearer Conversational
Streaming
Calculated bandwidth according to number of PCH and FACH
Fixed
Bit rate of SRB + transport layer overhead
Fixed
[Maximum bit rate] of RAB + transport layer
Adjustable
overhead
(activity factor )
[Guaranteed bit rate] of RAB + transport layer overhead
Interactive/
Pseudo-GBR (configurable) + transport layer
background
overhead
Fixed Adjustable (priority based)
30
15
QoS Based Routing
Mixed IPoE1 & Ethernet Without VPN All Ethernet
Real time service over E1 (IPoE1)
Non real time service over Ethernet
Routing based on DSCP
Call balancing between routes
With VPN
IP RAN
E1 Ethernet
RNC/BSC
Node B/BTS
31
Overbooking
PS PS
Overbooking
PS PS
Total bandwidth
Allowable allocation
CS CS
Higher traffic capacity, higher bandwidth efficiency
32
16
Dynamic Bandwidth Adjustment
Dynamic adjustment
Link broken PS
PS
PS
PS
Poor performance
CS
CS
CS
CS
Real time monitoring, real time adaptation
33
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 34
17
Reliability of IP RAN
Networking redundancy
Board redundancy
2G/3G backup Iu/A/Gb flex
Processing board redundancy Interface board redundancy
Path protection
L2 dual homing L3 dual homing Link aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)
35
L2 Dual Homing
IP: 10.1.1.254/24 MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD
IP: 10.1.1.1/24 MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A
GIPI(M) L2 switch BTS/Node B
L2 switch
GIPI(S)
BSC/RNC
Master-standby: Two FE/GE ports, one IP/MAC address
36
18
L3 Dual Homing IP: 10.1.2.1/30 MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD
IP: 10.1.1.1/24 MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A
GIPI BSC/RNC
L3 switch BTS/Node B
GIPI
L3 switch
IP: 10.1.1.2/24 MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:1A
IP: 10.1.2.5/30 MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:D0
Load sharing: Two FE/GE ports, two IP addresses
37
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 38
19
Security for IP RAN
Security threat
Unauthorized access Loss or corruption of information Broadcast storm
Security operation
Access control list (ACL) for protection of network elements IPSec in case public transmission network is used for Iub/Abis VLAN tagging for network separation and broadcast suppression
39
VLAN Configuration Recommendation
BTS/Node B side: Lower number of BS sites in one VLAN means higher security.
BSC/RNC side: L3 switch, instead of BSC/RNC, used for VLAN tagging
Redundancy: Multiple VLAN with different routes
RNC
VLAN
RNC
VLAN1
Node B
……
VLANn
Node B
40
20
ZTE IP RAN Solution
RAN Product Product
Networking
Synchronization Synchronization
QoS
Reliability
Security
OAM 41
OAM for IP RAN
Link monitoring
IEEE 802.3ah: Ethernet link check (P2P) IEEE 802.1ag: Ethernet link check (E2E) BFD: IP connectivity check
SLA monitoring Performance management
Ethernet performance management IP performance management
BSC
IP Transmission CN
BTS/Node B
RNC
42
21
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Explicit BFD
BSC/RNC
BTS/Node B Static route based BFD
43
SLA Monitoring
IP SLA monitoring functionality
IP SLA monitoring method
CN
Network availability monitoring IP SLA based CAC Troubleshooting Continuous UDP echo Continuous ICMP echo
RNC
BTS/Node B
IP SLA monitoring initiation
BSC
Instant test Performance test
UDP echo ICMP echo
Test Item
Test Procedure
Expected result
Delay
1.RNC sends UDP packets with sequence number and timestamp to Node B. 2.Node B loops back the UDP packets. 3.RNC receives the looped UDP packets and calculates the round trip delay.
Less than 20ms
Repeat the above procedure periodically, and then get the delay jitter.
Less than 7ms
Delay jitter Packet loss ratio
Repeat the above procedure periodically, count the number of sent packets and received packets, then get the packet loss ratio.
Less than 0.05%
Available bandwidth
Execute the above procedure with configured frequency and packet size, calculate the data rate of received packets. Then change the frequency and packet size to get the maximum bandwidth.
Depends on the subscribed bandwidth e.g. 100Mbps
44
22
Requirement Analysis
ZTE IP RAN Solution
Case Study
Revolution of CSL Mobile Network 2G OSS Existing VAS Platform
CN MSCS HLR
CoreVAS Network
ZTE
2G/3G OSS
NWM Network
UMTS UMTS 2.1G 2.1G/900M
TDM Network SGSN
HLR
CSL Network CSL New Network
3G OSS
Iub
BSC/ RNC
2G OSS MSCS/ MGW
Abis
ZTE VASHLR PlatformSGSN
CN
MSCS
GSM 900/1800M
IP Network
GSM GSM 1800M 900/1800M
TDM Network
Difficult Evolution
46
Expensive Transmission
High Power Consumption
46
23
RAN Synchronization Solution Primary clock reference: GPS Secondary clock reference for RNC: via fiber from MGW Secondary clock reference for iBSC: via E1 from MSCs iBSC/RNC
FE
Primary clock reference: IP Clock
E1/T1
Primary clock reference: E1 / T1
Indoor
Primary clock reference: GPS Outdoor BTS/Node B
Secondary clock reference: IP Clock
47
Primary Clock Reference for RNC/iBSC
GPS Antenna On rooftop GPS GPSController Controller
Power Input
RNC #1
GPS transmit Antenna
RNC #2
BSC #1
BSC #2
GPS is set as the primary clock resource for RNC/iBSC in CSL Network.
GPS receiver sub card is integrated into clock sync board: ICM.
48
24
Network Architecture
IP network architecture with L2 service providers of CSL L3 switch (CISCO 6513) is provided to aggregation and route. Every road leads to Rome: reliable transmission mechanism 49
Iub/Abis Link Redundancy iBSC/RNC Redundancy Scheme
L3 Dual-homing 6513
6513
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
Downlink BTS/Node B
Automatic Automatic re-routing re-routing
uplink
50
25
Iub/Abis L2 Network Security Node B/BTS site
FE
40~60 sites Node B/BTS site
FE
RAN 6513
GE
L2 Domain
Core room BMI GE
RAN 6513
GE Node B/BTS site 40~60 sites Node B/BTS site
FE
GE
GE
RAN 6513 GE
L2 Domain
Core room BPO
FE GE
RAN 6513
L2 Domain completely isolated from each other
Each site connects one L2 Domain
Each L2 domain connects all 4 aggregation switches 51
VLAN Tagging Ensuring Network Security
VLAN ID: 11 + 111
RAN 6513
VLAN ID: 12 + 112
Node B/BTS site
VLAN ID: 11 + 111
VLAN ID: 11 + 111
L2 Domain
Node B/BTS site
VLAN ID: 12 + 112
Core room BMI
RAN 6513
VLAN ID: 12 + 112
VLAN ID: 11 + 111 +12+112
RAN 6513
Core room BPO
VLAN ID: 11 + 111 +12+112
RAN 6513
VLAN
tagging is applied in Iub Ethernet transport; all Iub packets contain VLAN tagging.
Due
to VLAN applied, not only L2 loop is avoided, but also traffic can be distributed to multiple GE links to achieve load balancing. 52
26
IP QoS Implementation DSCP
RNC
BSC GE
GE
DSCP -> COS
COS
RAN 6513 GE Ethernet SP
FE
COS
COS
ZTE 2818S FE
FE
SDR 1
SDR 2
DSCP & COS
53
Site Networking Site B
Site A
Traffic:10.9.11.1/24 O&M: 10.9.111.41/24
Traffic:10.9.11.2/24 SDR O&M: 10.9.111.42/24 (3G 2100M)
O&M 1: 10.9.11.201/24 O&M 2: 10.9.11.202/24 ZXMW IDU
SDR (3G 2100M)
ZXMW IDU
Service Provider Network
ZXR10 2818S O&M: 10.9.111.82/24
O&M 1: 10.9.210.1/29 O&M 2: 10.9.210.2/29
ZXR10 2818S
SDR (2G 900M/1800M, 3G 900M)
O&M: 10.9.111.81/24
3G Traffic: 10.9.11.102/24 2G Traffic: 10.10.111.22/24 O&M: 10.9.111.142/24
SDR (2G 900M/1800M, 3G 900M) 3G Traffic: 10.9.11.101/24 2G Traffic: 10.10.111.21/24 O&M: 10.9.111.141/24
Site C
O&M 1: 10.9.11.203/24 O&M 2: 10.9.11.204/24 ZXMW IDU
Traffic:10.9.11.3/24 SDR O&M: 10.9.111.43/24 (3G 2100M) ZXMW IDU O&M 1: 10.9.210.9/29 O&M 2: 10.9.210.10/29
Site D
SDR (3G 2100M/900M) Traffic: 10.9.11.4/24 O&M: 10.9.111.44/24
ZXMW IDU ZXMW IDU O&M 1: 10.9.210.17/29 O&M 2: 10.9.210.18/29
O&M 1: 10.9.210.11/29 O&M 2: 10.9.210.12/29
ZXR10 2818SO&M: 10.9.111.83/24
SDR (2G 900M/1800M, 3G 900M) 3G Traffic: 10.9.11.103/24 2G Traffic: 10.10.111.23/24 O&M: 10.9.111.143/24
54
27
Summary Universal platform Rich interface Flexible networking High performance
55
28