Winter 2014 The University of Chicago Political Science 27815/37815 Politics and Public Policy in China
Instructor: Professor Dali Yang Class hours: 10:30- 11:50AM TTh Lecture/discussion Lecture/discussion Pick Hall 016 Additional graduate section: 10:30-11:50AM, Pick 506 except for first week. Email:
[email protected]; Email:
[email protected]; Telephone: Telephone: 773-702-8054 Office Hours: Wednesday 4-6pm, Pick 422A or by appointment Teaching Assistants: In Hyee Hwang,
[email protected]; office hours TBA Bogdan Popescu, bgpopescu@ Popescu, bgpopescu@uchicago. uchicago.edu edu;; office hours TBA Course Outline
As the world’s most populous country and second largest economy, China wields considerable weight globally but also stands out for its non-democratic political system. This course has two goals. First, it examines political institutions and political behavior in China since the Communist takeover of power at the the end of the 1940s. It emphasizes emphasizes how institutions institutions have have been been shaped and reshaped reshaped and the importance of leadership, with special attention on the tensions and challenges of political development. Second, it considers various issues of public policy and governance, including the role of the Communist Party, state-society relations, the relationship between Beijing and the provinces, development and corruption, population and environment, and the role of the armed forces in society. The course looks at many of these issues from a comparative perspective and introduces a variety of analytical concepts and approaches.
Requirements
The course is conducted in lecture/discussion lecture/discussion format. format. The amount of readings is substantial substantial and students are required to have read the assigned readings before coming to class and are required to participate in discussions discussions in class. class. Students Students are also also expected expected to keep keep up with with current events events in China. China. Assignments and quizzes: Two short quizzes (5 th/9th week). Two short essays, five pages each, that engage with key topics/themes on the syllabus. You should start with syllabus readings and may expand to additional readings on the syllabus and occasionally other readings. For example, you can discuss the propaganda system by answering some brief questions: questions: What What is the Chinese propaganda propaganda system? Is it still effective effective?? What are are the key key challenges? challenges? For each of such essays, please state at the start what are the questions who are answering and also provide bibliography/refe bibliography/references. rences. The The first essay essay should be on a topic topic covered covered in the first 4 weeks weeks and at at th the end of the fourth week. The second essay should be on a topic covered in the 5-9 weeks and submitted by the end of the eighth week. Long paper: 1. Undergraduate students are required to write a paper on a key public policy issue
facing China (prior approval by the instructor or a TA is required; guidelines will be posted on chalk). 2. Graduate students are required to write a research paper of no more than 25 pages in lieu of the policy analysis. You are required to submit a topic for approval by the end of the fourth week. The grades are distributed as follows: short quizzes, 40 percent (20 each); essays 30 percent (15 each); final paper, 30 percent. A separate graduate section will meet on Fridays at 10:30am except for the first week. Readings: The following books are on order at the Seminary Co-op Bookstore. Some of the readings on the syllabus are available online or on chalk or via electronic journals/resources at lib.uchicago.edu. Assuming the continuing availability of these resources online, it is your responsibility to gain access to them; however, please report any problems with access.
Dali Yang, Calamity and Reform in China. Stanford University Press, 1996. Paperback Dali Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan. Stanford University Press, 2006. paperback. Roderick MacFarquhar, ed., The Politics of China: Sixty Years of the People’s Republic of China . Third ed. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Paperback. Highly recommended: China: A Century of Revolution (video; online). Portions may be shown in class. Online Resources: PRC timeline at: http://www.china-profile.com/history/hist_list_1.htm Works of Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) at http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/ Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping at http://www.people.com.cn/english/dengxp/home.html In addition to major newspapers, you may find the following useful for staying up-to-date: China Daily: www.chinadaily.com.cn China Leadership Monitor: http://www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org/ Sinocism China Newsletter https://sinocism.com/ Schedule Week 1. Introduction [January 7/9; same pattern for following weeks except Week 10] Graduate section on Fridays 1A: Introduction
Benjamin Elman, "Political, Social, and Cultural Reproduction via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China." Journal of Asian Studies vol. 50, no. 1 (February 1991): 7-28. Tang Tsou, “Interpreting the Revolution in China: Macrohistory and Micromechanisms,” Modern China, Vol. 26, No. 2. (Apr., 2000), pp. 205-238. Stuart Schram, “Mao Zedong,” in Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/363395/Mao-Zedong
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1B. Mao in Power: From the Takeover of Power to the Anti-Rightist Campaign
Frederick Teiwes, “The Establishment and Consolidation of the New Regime, 1949 -1957”, in MacFarquhar, chapter 1. Dali Yang, Calamity and Reform in China, chapter 1. For further reading, Mao Zedong, “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People,” February 27, 1957. Mao: “BEAT BACK THE ATTACKS OF THE BOURGEOIS RIGHTISTS” July 9, 1957. No graduate section for first week.
For further reading: Philip Short, Mao: A Life. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 2001. For more scholarly works, see Frederick Teiwes, Leadership, Legitimacy, and Conflict in China (Sharpe, 1984) and Politics and Purges (Sharpe 1993). Contrast Teiwes with Avery Goldstein, From Bandwagon to Balance-of-Power Politics (Stanford, 1991), 57-133. Also note: Franz Schurmann, Ideology and Organization in Communist China (California, 1968). Week 2. Mao in Power: The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution 2A. The Great Leap Forward and Famine
Dali Yang, Calamity and Reform in China, chapters 2-3. Kenneth Lieberthal, “The Great Leap Forward and the Split in the Yan’an Leadership,” in MacFarquhar, chapter 2. For the record: Mao, Speech at Moscow Celebration Meeting (November 6, 1957). Read some of Mao’s speeches to get a sense of Mao’s style during the Great Leap Forward at http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-8/index.htm For further reading: Roderick MacFarquhar, Timothy Cheek, and Eugene Wu, eds., The Secret Speeches of Chairman Mao: From the Hundred Flowers to the Great Leap Forward (Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard, 1989). And Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution (Columbia, various years). 2B. The Cultural Revolution
Harry Harding, “The Chinese State in Crisis, 1966-1979,” in MacFarquhar, chapter 3. Dali Yang, Calamity and Reform in China, chapter 4. 3
Circular of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (May 16, 1966). http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/classics/mao/cpc/cc_gpcr.html CCP CC, “Resolution on certain questions in the history of our party since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,” http://www.marxists.org/subject/china/documents/cpc/history/01.htm Graduate Discussion:
James Kai-Sing Kung and Shuo Chen, “The Tragedy of the Nomenklatura: Career Incentives and Political Radicalism during China's Great Leap Famine,” American Political Science Review 105: 1 (February 2011): 27-45. Dali Yang, Huayu Xu, Ran Tao, “A Tragedy of the Nomenklatura? Career Incentives, Political Loyalty, and Political Radicalism during China’s Great Leap Forward.” Journal of Contemporary China, in press, forthcoming in 2014. For the Record: Mao: Talk at the First Plenum of the Ninth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party April 28, 1969. http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/classics/mao/sw9/mswv9_83.html For further reading: Hong Yung Lee, The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (California, 1978); Roderick MacFarquhar and Michael Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution. Harvard University Press, 2006; Andrew Walder, Fractured Rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard Movement , Harvard University Press, 2009; Jung Chang, Wild Swans. Week 3. From Class Struggle/Autarchy/Revolution to Reform/Opening/Development 3A. The End of the Mao Era, the Politics of Succession and Rural Reform
MacFarquhar, “The Succession to Mao and the End of Maoism, 1969 -1982,” in MacFarquhar, Chapter 4. Dali Yang, Calamity and Reform in China, chapters 5-6. Skim: Barry Naughton, “The Third Front: Defense Industrialization in the Chinese Interior,” China Quarterly, no. 115 (September 1988), 351-386; 3B. From “Thought Liberation” to Tiananmen
Richard Baum, “The Road to Tiananmen: Chinese Politics in the 1980s,” in MacFarquhar, Chapter 5. Tang Tsou, “The Tiananmen tragedy: the state – society relationship, choices, and mechanisms in historical perspective,” in Brantly Womack, ed., Contemporary Chinese Politics in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 265-328. 4
Graduate section:
Tianjian Shi, “Cultural Values and Democracy in the People’s Republic of China,” China Quarterly, no. 162 (June 2000): 540-559. Also Note: Ezra Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China. Harvard, 2011; Barry Naughton, Growing Out of the Plan (Cambridge); Lowell Dittmer, "Bases of Power in Chinese Politics: A Theory and an Analysis of the Fall of the `Gang of Four'," World Politics, 31: 1 (October 1978), pp. 26-60; Kenneth Lieberthal and Michel Oksenberg, Policy Making in China (Princeton, 1988). For general discussions of the reform period, see Richard Baum, Burying Mao (Princeton, 1994); Joseph Fewsmith, Dilemmas of Reform in China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate (Sharpe, 1994); Victor Nee and David Stark, eds., Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern Europe (Stanford, 1989). Week 4. The Chinese Communist Party/State: Leadership and Institutions 4A. The Party, China Inc.: Political Institutions and Leadership, and the Challenge of Constitutional Development
Susan Lawrence and Michael Martin, “Understanding China’s Political System,” Congressional Research Service, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf Joseph Fewsmith, “Reaction, Resurgence, and Succession: Chinese Politics since Tiananmen,” in MacFarquhar, Chapter 6. Hon S. Chan, “Cadre Personnel Management in China: The Nomenklatura System, 1990 –1998,” China Quarterly, no. 179 (September 2004), 703-734. MacFarquhar, For further reading, Susan Lawrence, “China’s Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts,” Congressional Research Service, Nov. 2013, at https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43303.pdf ; www.china.org.cn; The PRC Constitution and amendments: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html; THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 1975 http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/classics/mao/cpc/constitution1975.html; David Shambaugh, China's Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation. University of California Press, 2008 ; Richard McGregor, The Party; John Garnaut, The Rise and Fall of the House of Bo . 4B. The Military and Government You Ji, “The PLA and Diplomacy: unraveling myths about the military role in foreign policy making,” Journal of Contemporary China, September 26, 2013. Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, pp. 3-8; Chapter 2
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Graduate Section: 5
Bruce Dickson, “Who Wants to Be a Communist? Career Incentives and Mobilized Loyalty in China,” China Quarterly, (Dec 2013), pp. 1 -27. Shih, Victor, Christopher Adolph and Mingxin Liu,2012, “Getting Ahead in the Communist Party: Explaining the Advancement of Central Committee Members of China”, American Political Science Review, Vol.106 No.1, 2012, pp.166-187. Optional: Frank Pieke, “Marketization, Centralization and Globalization of Cadre Training in Contemporary China,” The China Quarterly, Volume 200, December 2009, pp 953-971. For further reading: China National Defense White Paper Week 5. Propaganda in the Internet Age 5A. Propaganda, Media and internet
David Shambaugh, “China’s Propaganda System: Institutions, Processes and Efficacy,” China Journal , no. 57 (2007): 25 – 58. Daniela Stockman and Mary Gallagher. “Remote Control: How the Media Sustain Authoritarian Rule in China. Comparative Political Studies; Volume 44, 2011; Nele Noesselt, “Microblogs and the Adaptation of the Chinese Party-State’s Governance Strategy,” Governance, August 1, 2013, doi:10.1111/gove.12045 Optional: King, Gary, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E Roberts. 2013. How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression. American Political Science Review 107, no. 2 (May): 1-18. Copy at http://j.mp/LdVXqN 5B. The Challenge of Corruption
Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, Chapters 6-7. Mayling Mirney, “Decentralization and Veiled Corruption under China’s “Rule of Mandates”’, World Development , 53 (Jan 2014), 55-67. Reports on the new red nobility from Bloomberg news, New York Times, and Wall Street Journal (TBA); Updates on current leadership’s anti -corruption efforts. First Quiz
Week 6. Central and Local Relations; Local Development and Governance 6A. Beijing and the Provinces 6
Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, Chapter 3. Christine Wong and Richard Bird, “China’s Fiscal System,” in Loren Brandt and Thomas Rawski, eds., China’s Great Economic Transformation. Pre -publication version available. Ran Tao, Fubing Su, Mingxing Liu, and Guangzhong Cao, “Land Leasing and Local Public Finance in China's Regional Development: Evidence from Prefecture- level Cities,” Urban Studies, published online 11 March 2010. For further reading: Pierre Landry, Decentralized Authoritarianism in China: The Communist Party's Control of Local Elites in the Post-Mao Era, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
6b. Local Governance
Xin Sun, Travis J. Warner, Dali L. Yang and Mingxing Liu, “Patterns of Authority and Governance in Rural China : Who’s In Charge? And Why?” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 22, No 83, September 2013, 1-22. Graeme Smith, “The Hollow State: Rural Governance in China,” The China Quarterly, no. 203 (2010), 601-618. Ethan Michelson, “Public Goods and State -Society Relations: An Impact Study of China’s Rural Stimulus,” in Dali Yang, ed., The Global Recession and China’s Political Economy, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Graduate section: Debate on local accountability Lily Tsai, “Solidary Groups, Informal Accountability, and Local Public Goods Provision in Rural China,” American Political Science Review, 101, no. 2 (May 2007). Informal Accountability, Socially Embedded Officials, and Public Goods Provision in Rural China: The Role of Lineage Groups J Chen, N Huhe - Journal of Chinese Political Science, 2013 - Springer
Week 7. The Struggle over Law and Order 7a. Stability Maintenance and Social Protests
Alice Miller, “Dilemmas of globalization and governance”, in MacFarquhar, Chapter 7. Xi Chen, “The Rising Cost of Stability,” Journal of Democracy 24:1(Jan 2013): 57 -64.
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China Labor Bulletin, “Unity is Strength: The Workers’ Movement in China 2009-2011,” http://www.clb.org.hk/en/files/share/File/research_reports/unity_is_strength_web.pdf. Ching Kwan Lee and Yonghong Zhang, “The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China ,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 118, No. 6 (May 2013), pp. 14751508. 7b. The Struggle over the Rule of Law
Carl Minzner, “China’s Turn Against Law,” American Journal of Comparative Law (2011). Joseph Fewsmith, “Debating Constitutional Government,” China Leadership Monitor , no. 42 (2013), http://www.hoover.org/publications/china-leadership-monitor/article/158566 Teng Biao, “The Sun Zhigang Incident and the Future of Constitutionalism: Does the Chinese Constitution Have a Future?,” CRJ Occasional Paper (December 30, 2013), http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/research/crj/download/papers/2013-tb-szg-constitutionalism.pdf Dali Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, Chapter 8. For further reading: Dali Yang, “Economic Transformation and Its Political Discontents in China,” Annual Review of Political Science, no. 9 (2006), pp. 143-164; Yongshun Cai, “Local Governments and the Suppression of Popular Resistance in China,” The China Quarterly (2008), 193: 24-42; China Labor Bulletin, “A Decade of Change: The Workers’ Movement in China 2000-2010” at http://www.clb.org.hk/en/sites/default/files/File/research_reports/Decade%20of%20the%20Work ers%20Movement%20final_0.pdf
Week 8. Social, Health, and Environmental Policy 8a. Social, Education, and Health Policy; Population Policy
Kam Wing Chan, “The Household Registration System and Migrant Labor in China,” Population and Development Review 36:2 (2010): 357-364. Qin Gao, S Yang, S Li, “The Chinese Welfare State in Transition: 1988 – 2007,” Journal of Social Policy, 2013. Feng Wang, Yong Cai, and Baochang Gu , “Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China's One-Child Policy?” Population and Development Review, vol. 38 Supplement s1 (Feb 2013), pp. 115-129. For further reading: Dorothy Solinger, Contending Citizenship in China. 8b. Energy, Environment (and Health) 8
Read on growing incidence of and concern with air pollution in China from leading newspapers. A quick overview of developments in 2013 can be found on Chinadialogue at Olivia Boyd, “What happened to China’s environment in 2013?” at https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/6586-What-happened-to-China-senvironment-in-2-13Guizhen He, Yonglong Lu, Arthur P.J. Mol, Theo Beckers, “Changes and challenges: China's environmental management in transition,” Environmental Development , 3 (July 2012), 25 – 38. Alex Wang, The Search for Sustainable Legitimacy: Environmental Law and Bureaucracy in China, 37 Harvard Environmental Law Review 365 (2013) For further reading: Yuyu Chen, Avraham Ebenstein, Michael Greenstone, and Hongbin Li, “ Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China’s Huai River policy,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 110 no. 32 (August 6, 2013).
Week 9. Nationalism, Separatism, Federalism (?), “One Country, Two Systems” 9a. Taiwan’s Political Development, Hong Kong & Macau
Chu, Yun-han, and Jih-wen Lin. "Political Development in 20th-Century Taiwan: State-Building, Regime Transformation and the Construction of National Identity." The China Quarterly 165 (Mar. 2001). Bruce Jacobs, “Wither Taiwanization? The Colonization, Democratization and Taiwanizatoin of Taiwan,” Japanese Journal of Political Science 14:4 (Dec 2013): 567 -586. Yinxuan Huang and Patrick Overeem, “A Battle for Values: Hong Kong and Its Constitutions,” Asian Journal of Public Affairs, 5:1(2012). Optional: Tianjian Shi, “Cultural Values and Political Trust: A Comparison of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, Comparative Politics Vol. 33, No. 4 (Jul., 2001), pp. 401-419.
9b. Nationalism and Its Discontents
Lucian Pye, “How China’s Nationalism Was Shanghaied,” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 29 (January 1993), 107-133. Suisheng Zhao, “Foreign Policy Implications of Chinese Nationalism Revisited: the strident turn,” Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 22 (2013), Optional: Wenfang Tang & Benjamin Darr, “Chinese Nationalism and its Political and Social Origins,” Journal of Contemporary China, 21:77 (2012), 811-826 9
Jessica Weiss , “Autocratic Signaling, Mass Audiences and Nationalist Protest in China,” International Organization, Forthcoming, 2nd Quiz Graduate Section: TBA
Week 10. Ramifications; [Tuesday; reading period] 10A. Prospects and Competing Visions
** Note especially how reform plan adopted by the Third Plenum of the Eighteenth Central Committee is implemented. Follow reports on the annual plenary session of the National People’s Congress set to open on March 5. Some background reading: Xiaoying, Wang "The Post-Communist Personality." The China Journal (Jan. 2002): 1-18. Henry Rowen, “When Will the Chinese People Be Free? Journal of Democracy 18:3 (July 2007), pp. 38-52; and comments by Minxin Pei and Dali Yang. Graduate Session: Presentations of Draft papers
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