LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI
Kapasitas produksi
: 50.000 ton/tahun
Kapasitas bahan baku
: 250.000 ton/tahun
Masa aktif produksi
: 330 hari/tahun
Temperatur referensi
: 25°C
Basis perhitungan
: kJ/jam
Bahan baku
: Tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit
Produk
: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (CPO)
Produk samping
: Palm Kernel
Perhitungan neraca energi pada pra rancangan pabrik CPO dari TBS seperti di bawah ini: B.1.
Panas Sensibel
Besar entalpi dapat dihitung dengan persamaan (Perry, 1997): T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.∆T m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
(B-1)
Tref
Di mana: m
: Massa (kg/jam)
Tref
: Suhu referensi, 298oK (0oC)
T
: Suhu operasi (°C)
Cp
: Kapasitas panas (kkal/kg.oC)
Hi
: Besar entalpi (kkal/jam)
Rumus lain yang digunakan untuk menghitung panas sensibel (Smit h, 1996): T 2
∆H = n Cp.dT
(B-2)
T 1
B C D ∆H = n. AT 2 T 1 T 22 T 12 T 23 T 13 T 24 T 14 2 3 4
B-1
(B-3)
B-2
B.2.
Panas Laten
Besar panas dapat dihitung dengan persamaan (Perry, 1997): Q = m.λ = m·(Hv-Hl)
(B-4)
Di mana:
B.3.
m
: Massa (kg/jam)
λ
: Entalpi penguapan (kkal/kg)
Perubahan Panas
Besar panas dapat dihitung dengan persamaan -
Panas sistem tanpa reaksi kimia (Smith, 1996): ∆H = Q = Q out – Q Qin
-
(B-5)
Panas sistem dengan adanya reaksi kimia (Reklaitis, 1983): ∆H = Q = r.∆H r + ∆H p - ∆HR
(B-6)
Di mana: r ∆Hr ∆H p ∆HR B.4.
: Laju reaksi (kmol/jam) : Panas reaksi pada suhu reaksi (kkal/kmol) : Panas produk keluar (kkal/jam) : Panas reaktan masuk (kkal/jam)
Data yang Diperhitungkan untuk Perhitungan Perhitungan
Berdasarkan NIST (2016), bobot massa (BM) untuk senyawa asam lemak adalah sebagai berikut:
Asam Kaprat Asam Laurat Asam Miristat Asam Palmitat Asam Stearat Asam Kaprilat Asam Oleat Asam Linoleat Asam Linolenat Asam lemak bebas (ALB)
: 172,26 g/mol : 200,32 g/mol : 228,37 g/mol : 256,42 g/mol : 284,48 g/mol : 144,21 g/mol : 282,46 g/mol : 280,45 g/mol : 278,43 g/mol : 823,35 g/mol
B-2
B.2.
Panas Laten
Besar panas dapat dihitung dengan persamaan (Perry, 1997): Q = m.λ = m·(Hv-Hl)
(B-4)
Di mana:
B.3.
m
: Massa (kg/jam)
λ
: Entalpi penguapan (kkal/kg)
Perubahan Panas
Besar panas dapat dihitung dengan persamaan -
Panas sistem tanpa reaksi kimia (Smith, 1996): ∆H = Q = Q out – Q Qin
-
(B-5)
Panas sistem dengan adanya reaksi kimia (Reklaitis, 1983): ∆H = Q = r.∆H r + ∆H p - ∆HR
(B-6)
Di mana: r ∆Hr ∆H p ∆HR B.4.
: Laju reaksi (kmol/jam) : Panas reaksi pada suhu reaksi (kkal/kmol) : Panas produk keluar (kkal/jam) : Panas reaktan masuk (kkal/jam)
Data yang Diperhitungkan untuk Perhitungan Perhitungan
Berdasarkan NIST (2016), bobot massa (BM) untuk senyawa asam lemak adalah sebagai berikut:
Asam Kaprat Asam Laurat Asam Miristat Asam Palmitat Asam Stearat Asam Kaprilat Asam Oleat Asam Linoleat Asam Linolenat Asam lemak bebas (ALB)
: 172,26 g/mol : 200,32 g/mol : 228,37 g/mol : 256,42 g/mol : 284,48 g/mol : 144,21 g/mol : 282,46 g/mol : 280,45 g/mol : 278,43 g/mol : 823,35 g/mol
B-3
Menurut Schaake (1982), diketahui kapasitas panas (Cp) untuk senyawa asam lemak adalah sebagai berikut:
Asam Kaprat Asam Laurat Asam Miristat Asam Palmitat Asam Stearat
: 475,59 kJ/Kmol.K : 404,28 kJ/Kmol.K : 432,01 kJ/Kmol.K : 463,36 kJ/Kmol.K : 501,55 kJ/Kmol.K
Berdasarkan rumus perhitungan mol, massa yang diperlukan untuk menghitung 1 mol senyawa setara dengan nilai bobot massa. mol =
massa ( gram) bobot massa ( g / mol )
Sehingga kapasitas panas (Cp) senyawa asam lemak tersebut dapat dikonversi dari kJ/Kmol.K menjadi kJ/Kg.K adalah dengan cara sebagai berikut:
Cp Asam Kaprat
= 475,59 kJ/Kmol.K = 475,59 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 172,26 Kg
= 2,7608 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Asam Laurat
= 404,28 kJ/Kmol.K = 404,28 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 200,32 Kg
= 0,0841 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Asam Miristat
= 432,01 kJ/Kmol.K = 432,01 kJ/Kmol.K x = 1,8917 kJ/Kg.K
1 Kmol 228,37 Kg
B-4
Cp Asam Palmitat
= 463,36 kJ/Kmol.K = 463,36 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 256,42 Kg
= 1,8070 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Asam Stearat
= 501,55 kJ/Kmol.K = 501,55 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 284,48 Kg
= 1,7631 kJ/Kg.K
Dari Perry (1997), diketahui kapasitas panas (Cp) zat cair untuk ikatan adalah sebagai berikut:
-CH3 -CH2=CH-COOH -CH-CO2-
: 36,82 J/mol.K : 30,38 J/mol.K : 21,34 J/mol.K : 79,91 J/mol.K : 20,92 J/mol.K : 60,67 J/mol.K
Sehingga diperoleh kapasitas panas (Cp) untuk masing-masing senyawa berikut adalah:
Cp Asam Kaprilat (C8H16O2)
= 1(-CH3)+6(-CH2-)+1(-COOH) = 1(36,82) + 6(30,38) + 1(79,91) = 298,65 J/mol.K = 298,65 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 144,21 Kg
= 2,0709 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Asam Oleat (C18H34O2)
= 1(-CH3)+14(-CH2-)+2(=CH-)+1(-COOH) = 1(36,82)+14(30,38)+2(21,34)+1(79,91) = 583,89 J/mol.K = 583,89 kJ/Kmol.K x = 2,0672 kJ/Kg.K
1 Kmol 282,46 Kg
B-5
Cp Asam Linoleat (C 18H32O2) = 1(-CH3)+12(-CH2-)+4(=CH-)+1(-COOH) = 1(36,82)+12(30,38)+4(21,34)+1(79,91) = 565,93 J/mol.K = 565,93 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 280,45 Kg
= 2,0180 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Asam Linolenat (C 18H30O2) = 1(-CH3)+10(-CH2-)+6(=CH-)+1(-COOH) = 1(36,82)+10(30,38)+6(21,34)+1(79,91) = 547,97 J/mol.K = 547,97 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 278,43 Kg
= 1,9681 kJ/Kg.K
Cp ALB (C 55H98O6)
= 3(-CH3)+40(-CH2-)+8(=CH-)+3(-CO2-)+1(-CH-) = 3(36,82)+40(30,38)+8(21,34)+3(60,67)+1(20,92) = 1696,91 J/mol.K = 1696,91 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 823,35 Kg
= 2,0610 kJ/Kg.K
Komposisi senyawa asam lemak dalam minyak sawit (CPO) dan minyak inti sawit (PKO) adalah sebagai berikut: Tabel B.1 Jenis dan persentase asam lemak dalam minyak kelapa sawit CPO PKO No. Tipe Asam Lemak Sifat Persentase Persentase 1 Asam Palmitat Lemak jenuh 44,30% 8,40% 2 Asam Laurat Lemak jenuh 48,20% 3 Asam Miristat Lemak jenuh 1,00% 16,20% 4 Asam Kaprat Lemak jenuh 3,40% 5 Asam Kaprilat Lemak jenuh 3,30% 6 Asam Stearat Lemak jenuh 4,60% 2,50% 7 Asam Oleat Satu lemak tidak jenuh 38,70% 15,30% 8 Asam Linoleat Banyak lemak tidak jenuh 10,50% 2,30% 9 Asam Linolenat Banyak lemak tidak jenuh 0,90% 0,40% (Sumber: Departemen Perindustrian, 2007)
B-6
Sehingga diperoleh kapasitas panas (Cp) untuk minyak sawit dan minyak inti sawit adalah dengan cara sebagai berikut:
Cp Minyak sawit
= ∑ ∙
= ( ∙ ) Asam Palmitat + ( ∙ ) Asam Oleat + ( ∙ ) Asam Linoleat + ( ∙ ) Asam Stearat + ( ∙ ) Asam Miristat + ( ∙ ) Asam Linolenat = (44,3% x 1,8070) + (38,7% x 2,0672) + (10,5% x 2,0180) + (4,6% x 1,7631) + (1% x 1,8917) + (0,9% x 1,9681) kJ/kg.K = 1,9301 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Minyak inti sawit
= ∑ ∙
= ( ∙ ) Asam Laurat + ( ∙ ) Asam Miristat + ( ∙ ) Asam Oleat + ( ∙ ) Asam Palmitat + ( ∙ ) Asam Kaprat + ( ∙ ) Asam Kaprilat + ( ∙ ) Asam Stearat + ( ∙ ) Asam Linoleat + ( ∙ ) Asam Linolenat = (48,2% x 0,0841) + (16,2% x 1,8917) + (15,3% x 2,0671) + (8,4% x 1,8070) + (3,4% x 2,7608) + (3,3% x 2,0709) + (2,5% x 1,7631) + (2,3% x 2,0180) + (0,4% x 1,9681) kJ/kg.K = 1,0756 kJ/Kg.K
Berdasarkan NIST (2016), bobot massa (BM) untuk senyawa-senyawa berikut adalah:
Selulosa
: 162,03 g/mol
Hemiselulosa
: 125,85 g/mol
Lignin
: 154,76 g/mol
Serat
: 103,74 g/mol
Acid Solvent
: 59,02 g/mol
Nitrogen (N2)
: 28,01 g/mol
B-7
Dari Perry (1997), diketahui kapasitas panas (Cp) zat cair untuk ikatan adalah sebagai berikut:
C
: 10,89 J/mol.K
H
: 7,56 J/mol.K
O
: 13,42 J/mol.K
N
: 18,74 J/mol.K
Sehingga diperoleh kapasitas panas (Cp) untuk masing-masing senyawa berikut adalah:
Cp Selulosa (C6H10O5)
= 6 (C) + 10 (H) + 5 (O) = 6 (10,89) + 10 (7,56) + 5 (13,42) = 208,04 J/mol.K = 208,04 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 162,03 Kg
= 1,2840 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Hemiselulosa (C5H8O4)
= 5 (C) + 8 (H) + 4 (O) = 5 (10,89) + 8 (7,56) + 4 (13,42) = 168,61 J/mol.K = 168,61 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 125,85 Kg
= 1,3398 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Lignin (C 6H12O6)
= 6 (C) + 12 (H) + 6 (O) = 6 (10,89) + 12 (7,56) + 6 (13,42) = 223,16 J/mol.K = 223,16 kJ/Kmol.K x = 1,4420 kJ/Kg.K
1 Kmol 154,76 Kg
B-8
Cp Serat (C6H10O5)
= 6 (C) + 10 (H) + 5 (O) = 5 (10,89) + 8 (7,56) + 4 (13,42) = 133,20 J/mol.K = 133,20 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 103,74 Kg
= 1,2840 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Acid Solvent (C2H3O2)
= 2 (C) + 3 (H) + 2 (O) = 2 (10,89) + 3 (7,56) + 2 (13,42) = 71,3 J/mol.K = 71,3 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 59,02 Kg
= 1,2080 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Nitrogen (N2)
= 2 (N) = 2 (18,74) = 37,48 J/mol.K = 223,16 kJ/Kmol.K x
1 Kmol 28,01 Kg
= 1,3379 kJ/Kg.K
Cp Abu
= 0,9067 kJ/Kg.K
Berikut ini adalah rincian komposisi senyawa dari cangkang, tandan, biji dan kernel kelapa sawit: Tabel B.2 Komposisi cangkang kelapa sawit No. Nama Senyawa Persentase (%) 1 Selulosa 26,60% 2 Hemiselulosa 27,70% 3 Lignin 29,40% 4 Abu 4,10% 5 Acid Solvent 4,20% 6 Nitrogen 0,10% 7 Air 7,90% (Sumber: Suhardiyono, 1988)
B-9
Tabel B.3 Komposisi tandan kelapa sawit No. Nama Senyawa Persentase (%) 1 Selulosa 45,53% 2 Hemiselulosa 17,35% 3 Lignin 22,30% 4 Abu 2,88% 5 Air 11,93% (Sumber: Sumarni, 2001) Tabel B.4 Komposisi kernel kelapa sawit No. Nama Senyawa Persentase (%) 1 Minyak inti sawit 46% 2 Selulosa 44% 3 Air 10% (Sumber: PT. Asian Agree, 2006) Tabel B.5 Komposisi biji kelapa sawit No. Nama Senyawa Persentase (%) 1 Kernel 36% 2 Cangkang 46% 3 Air 18% (Sumber: PT. Asian Agree, 2006) Sehingga diperoleh kapasitas panas (Cp) untuk cangkang, tandan, biji dan kernel kelapa sawit sebagai berikut:
Cp Cangkang
= ∑ ∙ = ( ∙ ) Lignin + ( ∙ ) Hemiselulosa + ( ∙ ) Selulosa + ( ∙ ) Air + ( ∙ ) Acid solvent + ( ∙ ) Abu + ( ∙ ) Nitrogen = (29,4% x 1,4420) + (27,7% x 1,3398) + (26,6% x 1,2840) + (7,9% x 4,1830) + (4,2% x 1,2080) + (4,1% x 0,9067) + (0,1% x 1,3380) kJ/kg.K = 1,5563 kJ/Kg.K
B-10
= ∑ ∙
Cp Tandan
= ( ∙ ) Selulosa + ( ∙ ) Lignin + ( ∙ ) Hemiselulosa + ( ∙ ) Air + ( ∙ ) Abu = (45,53% x 1,2840) + (22,3% x 1,4420) + (17,35% x 1,3398) + (11,93% x 4,1830) + (2,88% x 0,9067) kJ/kg.K = 1,6639 kJ/Kg.K
= ∑ ∙
Cp Kernel
= ( ∙ ) Minyak Inti Sawit + ( ∙ ) Selulosa + ( ∙ ) Air = (46% x 1,0756) + (44% x 1,2840) + (10% x 4,1830) kJ/kg.K = 1,4781 kJ/kg.K
= ∑ ∙
Cp Biji
= ( ∙ ) Kernel + ( ∙ ) Cangkang + ( ∙ ) Air = (36% x 1,0756) + (46% x 1,5563) + (18% x 4,1830) kJ/kg.K = 2,0009 kJ/kg.K
Data konstanta kapasitas panas (Cp) air berdasarkan temperatur dan entalpi vapor (Hv) dan entalpi liquid (Hl) steam menurut Geankoplis (1993) adalah sebagai berikut: Tabel B.6 Data konstanta entalpi vapor (Hv) dan entalpi (Hl) No. Temperatur ( C) Hv (kJ/Kg) Hl (kJ/Kg) 95 2.668,1 397,96 1. 110 2.691,5 461,30 2. 140 2.733,9 589,13 3. °
B-11
Tabel B.7 Data konstanta kapasitas panas (Cp) Ket No. Cp (kJ/Kg.K) Temperatur ( C) 4,1830 26,7 – 37,8 1. 4,1840 45 Interpolasi 2. 4,1870 65,6 3. 4,1937 70 Interpolasi 4. 4,2088 80 Interpolasi 5. 4,2164 85 Interpolasi 6. 4,2240 90 Interpolasi 7. 4,2290 93,3 8. 4,2316 95 Interpolasi 9. 4,2710 121,1 10. °
B.5.
Continuous Sterilizer (CS-101)
Fungsi : Untuk mematikan enzimenzim yang dapat menurunkan kualitas minyak CPO dengan perebusan. Q2 Steam T = 140°C P = 1 atm Q1 TBS - Minyak - Biji - Tandan kosong - Serat - Kotoran T = 30°C P = 1 atm
Q4 Ex, Steam T = 110°C P = 1 atm
C ontinuous Steri lizer
Q5 TBS rebus - Minyak - Biji - Tandan kosong - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 100°C
Q3 Air kondensat - Minyak - Kotoran - Air
P = 1 atm
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.1 Alur neraca energi pada continuous sterilizer (CS-101)
B-12
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q1 : T
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Qi = Hi =
Tref
Minyak Biji Tandan Serat Kotoran
: : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x
7.891,4142 8.207,0707 6.944,4445 4.419,1919 4.103,5354
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,6639 1,2840 0,9067
5 5 5 5 5
= = = = =
76.156,4004 82.109,4702 57.773,6868 28.371,2122 18.603,3775
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
263.014,1471 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q2 :
Q = m·(Hv-Hl) Steam : 3.787,8788
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q3 :
x
- 589,13)
(2.733,90
= 8.124.128,7967 kJ/Jam
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Kotoran Air
: : :
Total
:
13,2576 60,7197 2.577,5379
x x x
1,9301 0,9067 4,2316
x x x
70 70 70
= = =
1.791,1986 kJ/Jam 3.853,8185 kJ/Jam 763.491,9527 kJ/Jam
+
769.136,9698 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q4 :
Q = m·(Hv-Hl) Steam : Exhaus 1.134,8485 x
(2.691,50 - 461,30) =
Aliran Q5 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
2.530.939,0942 kJ/Jam
B-13
Minyak Biji Tandan Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.878,1566 8.207,0707 6.944,4445 4.419,1919 4.042,8157 75,4924
x x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,6639 1,2840 0,9067 4,2391
x x x x x x
75 75 75 75 75 75
= 1.140.426,8666 kJ/Jam = 1.231.642,0550 kJ/Jam = 866.605,3029 kJ/Jam = 425.568,1829 kJ/Jam = 274.921,5724 kJ/Jam = 24.001,6215 kJ/Jam
+
3.963.165,6014 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (8.387.142,9438 – 7.263.241,6456) kJ/Jam = 1.123.901,2982 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.8 Rangkuman neraca energi pada continuous sterilizer (CS-101) Komposisi
Input (kJ/jam) Q1
Q2
Ouput (kJ/jam) Q3
Q4
Minyak
76.156,40
Biji
82.109,47
1.231.642,05
Tandan
57.773,69
866.605,30
Serat
28.371,21
425.568,18
Kotoran
18.603,38
Steam
1.791,20
Q5
3.853,82 8.124.128,80
Air
274.921,57 2.530.939,09
763.491,94
Jumlah
263.014,15
8.124.128,80
Qloss Total
B.6.
1.140.426,86
769.136,96
24.001,62 2.530.939,09
3.963.165,60
1.123.901,2982 8.387.142,9438
8.387.142,9438
Thresher (TH-101)
Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan berondolan (buah) dari tangkai t andannya.
B-14
Q5 TBS rebus - Minyak - Biji - Tandan kosong - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q7 Berondolan - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Thresher
T = 100°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Q6 Tandan kosong - Minyak - Biji - Tandan - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.2 Alur neraca energi pada thresher (stripping) (TH-101)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q5 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Tandan Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.878,1566 8.207,0707 6.944,4445 4.419,1919 4.042,8157 75,4924
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q6 :
x x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,6639 1,2840 0,9067 4,2391
x x x x x x
75 75 75 75 75 75
= 1.140.426,8666 kJ/Jam = 1.231.642,0550 kJ/Jam = 866.605,3029 kJ/Jam = 425.568,1829 kJ/Jam = 274.921,5724 kJ/Jam = 24.001,6215 kJ/Jam 3.963.165,6014 kJ/Jam
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
+
B-15
Minyak Biji Tandan Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
13,4637 20,5499 6.944,4444 18,4240 18,4240 70,8617
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,6639 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
1.429,2536 2.261,5552 635.510,5538 1.301,1054 918,7791 16.403,4769
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
657.824,7240 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q7 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
7.864,6928 8.186,5208 4.400,7679 4.024,3916 4,6307
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55
= = = = =
834.883,7792 900.942,6155 310.782,2277 200.690,3734 1.071,9523
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
2.248.370,9481 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (3.963.165,5954 – 2.906.195,6768) kJ/Jam = 1.056.969,9186 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.9 Rangkuman neraca energi pada thresher (TH-101) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q5 Q6 Q7 Minyak
1.140.426,86
1.429,25
834.883,78
Biji
1.231.642,05
2.261,56
900.942,62
Tandan
866.605,30
635.510,55
Serat Kotoran Air
425.568,18 274.921,57 24.001,62
1.301,11 918,78 16.403,48
310.782,23 200.690,37 1.071,95
3.963.165,60
657.824,72
2.248.370,95
Jumlah Qloss Total
1.056.969,9186 3.963.165,5954
3.963.165,5954
B-16
B.7.
Digester (DG-201)
Fungsi : Untuk melumatkan buah sehingga daging buah terpisah dari biji dan memudahkan pengerjaan pengepresan. Q8 Air panas
Steam T = 95°C P = 1 atm Q7 Berondolan - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q9 Lumatan berondolan - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Digester
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q17 Aliran recycle - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.3 Alur neraca energi pada digester (DG-201)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q7 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
7.864,6928 8.186,5208 4.400,7679 4.024,3916 4,6307
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55
= = = = =
834.883,7792 900.942,6155 310.782,2277 200.690,3734 1.071,9523
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
2.248.370,9481 kJ/Jam
+
B-17
Aliran Q8 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 377,0075
x 4,2088
x 65
= 103.139,5165 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q17 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
0,3912 0,3912 456,0208 391,4711 390,5583 65,2017
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
49,0801 27,3521 59.310,7046 32.672,1785 23.017,7476 17.901,7680
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
132.978,8308 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q9 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.865,0841 0,3912 8.642,5416 4.792,2390 4.414,9499 446,8400
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= 986.729,9118 kJ/Jam = 27,3521 kJ/Jam = 1.124.061,0703 kJ/Jam = 399.960,2664 kJ/Jam = 260.197,2802 kJ/Jam = 122.684,2753 kJ/Jam 2.893.660,1560 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (2.893.660,1560 - 2.484.864,7353) kJ/Jam = 408.795,4207 kJ/Jam
+
B-18
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated (Saturated steam), steam), maka steam maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 408.795,4207 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 180,0750 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.10 Rangkuman neraca energi pada digester (DG-201) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q7 Q8 Q17 Q9 Minyak 834.883,78 49,08 986.729,91 FFA 27,35 27,35 Biji 900.942,62 59.310,70 1.124.061,07 Serat 310.782,23 32.672,18 399.960,27 Kotoran 200.690,37 23.017,75 260.197,28 Air 1.075,81 103.511,09 17.901,77 122.684,28 Jumlah Qsteam
2.248.374,81
Total
B.8.
103.511,09 408.795,4207
132.978,83
2.893.660,1560 2.893.660,1560
2.893.660,16 2.893.660,1560 2.893.660,1560
Screw Screw Pre Pr ess (SP-201)
Fungsi : Untuk memeras berondolan yang telah dicincang dan dilumat dari digester untuk untuk mendapatkan minyak kasar
B-19
Q11 Air kondensat - Minyak - Kotoran - Air
Q10 Air panas T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q9 Lumatan berondolan - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Screw Screw Pr ess
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q13 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 70°C P = 1 atm
Q12 Ampas - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 70°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.4 Alur neraca energi pada screw pada screw press (SP-201)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q9 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.865,0841 0,3912 8.642,5416 4.792,2390 4.414,9499 446,8400
Aliran Q10 :
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= 986.729,9118 kJ/Jam = 27,3521 kJ/Jam = 1.124.061,0703 kJ/Jam = 399.960,2664 kJ/Jam = 260.197,2802 kJ/Jam = 122.684,2753 122.684,2753 kJ/Jam 2.893.660,1560 kJ/Jam
+
B-20
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 3.534,8148
x 4,2240
x 65
= 970.517,9091 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q11 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Kotoran Air
: : :
Total
:
x x x
1,9886 9,1080 386,6307
1,9301 0,9067 4,2316
x x x
70 70 70
= = =
268,6798 kJ/Jam 578,0728 kJ/Jam 114.523,7987 114.523,7987 kJ/Jam
+
115.370,5513 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q12 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
79,4407 6.391,8226 3.199,0637 2.056,6310 882,6743
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1937
x x x x x
45 45 45 45 45
= = = = =
6.899,8088 575.535,7393 184.841,9013 83.913,6308 166.574,0642 166.574,0642
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
1.017.765,1444 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q13 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.315,7270 472,2963 2.250,7190 1.593,1753 2.367,4268 3.485,6111
Aliran Qloss :
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1937
x x x x x x
45 45 45 45 45 45
= = = = = =
635.406,3791 22.860,9131 202.660,3861 92.053,6677 96.594,5659 657.787,8615 657.787,8615
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
1.707.363,7734 kJ/Jam
+
B-21
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (3.979.548,6105 – 2.725.128,9193) kJ/Jam = 1.123.901,2982 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.11 Rangkuman neraca energi pada screw press (SP-201) Komposisi
Minyak
Input (kJ/jam) Q9
Ouput (kJ/jam)
Q10
Q11
986.729,91
FFA
Q12
268,68
Q13
6.899,81
635.406,38
27,35
Biji
22.860,91
1.124.061,07
575.535,74
202.660,39
Serat
399.960,27
184.841,90
92.053,67
Kotoran
260.197,28
578,07
83.913,63
96.594,57
Air
122.684,28
970.517,91
114.523,79
166.574,06
657.787,86
2.893.660,16
970.517,91
115.370,54
1.017.765,14
1.707.363,77
Jumlah Qloss Total
1.254.419,6912 3.979.548,6105
3.979.548,6105
B.9. Sand Trap Tank (ST-301) Fungsi : Untuk menangkap pasir dengan cara pengendapan. Steam
Q13 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 70°C P = 1 atm
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Sand Trap Tank
Q14 Pasir tertangkap
Q15 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.5 Alur neraca energi pada sand trap tank (ST-301) Energi Masuk
B-22
Aliran Q13 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
7.315,7270 472,2963 2.250,7190 1.593,1753 2.367,4268 3.485,6111
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1937
x x x x x x
45 45 45 45 45 45
= = = = = =
635.406,3791 22.860,9131 202.660,3861 92.053,6677 96.594,5659 657.787,8615
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
1.707.363,7734 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q14 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : :
Total
:
x x x x
87,4248 17,4850 52,4549 17,4850
2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x
65 65 65 65
= = = =
11.370,5919 1.459,2948 3.091,4546 4.800,6665
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
20.722,0078 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q15 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.315,7270 472,2963 2.163,2943 1.575,6903 2.314,9720 3.468,1262
Aliran Qsteam :
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
917.809,2171 33.021,3190 281.361,0807 131.507,1149 136.434,0307 952.207,9148
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
2.452.340,6772 kJ/Jam
+
B-23
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (1.707.363,7748 - 2.473.062,6740) kJ/Jam = 765.698,8992 kJ/Jam
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 765.698,8992 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 337,2915 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.12 Rangkuman neraca energi pada sand trap tank (ST-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q13 Q14 Q15 Minyak 635.406,38 917.809,22 FFA 22.860,91 33.021,32 Biji 202.660,39 11.370,59 281.361,08 Serat 92.053,67 1.459,29 131.507,11 Kotoran 96.594,57 3.091,45 136.434,03 Air 657.787,86 4.800,67 952.207,91 Jumlah Qsteam Total
1.707.363,77 765.698,8992 2.473.062,6740
20.722,00
2.452.340,67
2.473.062,6740
B.10. Vibro Separator (VS-301) Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan padatan, seperti serabut, pasir, tanah dan kotorankotoran lain yang masih terbawa dari sand trap tank
B-24
Q16 Air panas T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q15 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q18 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Vibro Separator
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q17 Lumpur tersaring - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.6 Alur neraca energi pada vibro separator (VS-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q15 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.315,7270 472,2963 2.163,2943 1.575,6903 2.314,9720 3.468,1262
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
917.809,2171 33.021,3190 281.361,0807 131.507,1149 136.434,0307 952.207,9148
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
2.452.340,6772 kJ/Jam
+
B-25
Aliran Q16 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 1.480,0141 x 4,2240 Energi Keluar
x 65
= 406.352,3138 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q17 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
0,3912 0,3912 456,0208 391,4711 390,5583 65,2017
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
49,0801 27,3521 59.310,7033 32.672,1777 23.017,7471 17.901,7676
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
132.978,8278 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q18 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.315,3358 471,9050 1.707,2734 1.184,2192 1.924,4137 4.882,9385
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= 917.760,1354 = 32.993,9669 = 222.050,3755 = 98.834,9362 = 113.416,2829 = 1.340.658,4583
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
2.725.714,1552 kJ/Jam
+
B-26
Tabel B.13 Rangkuman neraca energi pada vibro separator (VS-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Minyak 917.809,22 49,08 917.760,13 FFA 33.021,32 27,35 32.993,97 Biji 281.361,08 59.310,70 222.050,38 Serat 131.507,11 32.672,18 98.834,94 Kotoran 136.434,03 23.017,75 113.416,28 Air 952.207,91 406.352,31 17.901,77 1.340.658,46 Jumlah Total
2.452.340,67 406.352,31 2.858.692,9845
132.978,83 2.725.714,15 2.858.692,9845
B.11. Crude Oil Distribution Tank (CT-301) Fungsi : Untuk penampungan sementara minyak kasar Q43 Aliran recycle - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Steam Q18 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
C rude Oil D istri bution Tank
Q19 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 85°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.7 Alur neraca energi pada crude oil distribution tank (CT-301)
B-27
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q18 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.315,3358 471,9050 1.707,2734 1.184,2192 1.924,4137 4.882,9385
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= 917.760,1354 = 32.993,9669 = 222.050,3755 = 98.834,9362 = 113.416,2829 = 1.340.658,4583
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
2.725.714,1552 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q43 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1.467,5821 562,2003 372,8271 481,6794 619,1672 1.276,0430
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
56.651,8354 12.094,4916 14.920,1287 12.369,5281 11.227,9786 106.780,1932
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
214.044,1556 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q19 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
8.782,9179 1.034,1053 2.080,1006 1.665,8987 2.543,5809 6.158,9815
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2164
x x x x x x
60 60 60 60 60 60
= 1.017.118,7080 kJ/Jam = 66.739,4442 kJ/Jam = 249.729,9636 kJ/Jam = 128.340,8330 kJ/Jam = 138.375,8891 kJ/Jam = 1.558.129,3786 kJ/Jam 3.158.434,2165 kJ/Jam
+
B-28
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (3.158.434,2155 - 2.939.758,3093) kJ/Jam = 218.675,9062 kJ/Jam Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 218.675,9062 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 96,3271 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.14 Rangkuman neraca energi pada crude oil distribution tank (CT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q18 Q43 Q19 Minyak 917.760,13 56.651,84 1.017.118,71 FFA 32.993,97 12.094,49 66.739,44 Biji 222.050,38 14.920,13 249.729,96 Serat 98.834,94 12.369,53 128.340,83 Kotoran 113.416,28 11.227,98 138.375,89 Air 1.340.658,46 106.780,19 1.558.129,38 Jumlah
2.725.714,15
214.044,16
Qsteam
218.675,9062
Total
3.158.434,2155
3.158.434,22 3.158.434,2155
B.12. Vertical Clarifier Tank (VT-301) Fungsi : Memisahkan minyak, air dan kotoran dengan pemanasan dan skimmer berdasarkan perbedaan densitas
B-29
Steam T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Q19 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Vertical Clarifier Tank
T = 85°C P = 1 atm
Q20 Lumpur ke Sludge Drain
Q21 Lumpur ke Brush Strainer
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q22 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.8 Alur neraca energi pada vertical clarifier tank (VT-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q19 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
8.782,9179 1.034,1053 2.080,1006 1.665,8987 2.543,5809 6.158,9815
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2164
x x x x x x
60 60 60 60 60 60
= 1.017.118,7080 kJ/Jam = 66.739,4442 kJ/Jam = 249.729,9636 kJ/Jam = 128.340,8330 kJ/Jam = 138.375,8891 kJ/Jam = 1.558.129,3786 kJ/Jam 3.158.434,2165 kJ/Jam
+
B-30
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q20 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
850,7012 196,3157 772,1749 556,2277 1.207,3413 2.961,0946
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
106.726,4272 13.725,7114 100.430,1539 46.422,7646 71.155,2644 812.997,4299
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
1.151.457,7514 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q21 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
850,7012 196,3157 772,1749 556,2277 1.207,3413 2.961,0946
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
106.726,4272 13.725,7114 100.430,1539 46.422,7646 71.155,2644 812.997,4299
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
1.151.457,7514 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q22 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.081,5155 641,4740 535,7507 553,4432 128,8983 236,7924
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
888.425,7463 44.849,6417 69.680,4861 46.190,3733 7.596,6842 65.013,6548
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
1.121.756,5863 kJ/Jam
+
B-31
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (3.424.672,0884 – 3.158.434,2155) kJ/Jam = 266.237,8729 kJ/Jam
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 266.237,8729 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 117,2782 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.15 Rangkuman neraca energi pada vertical clarifier tank (VT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Minyak 1.017.118,71 106.726,43 106.726,43 888.425,75 FFA 66.739,44 13.725,71 13.725,71 44.849,64 Biji 249.729,96 100.430,15 100.430,15 69.680,49 Serat 128.340,83 46.422,76 46.422,76 46.190,37 Kotoran 138.375,89 71.155,26 71.155,26 7.596,68 Air 1.558.129,38 812.997,43 812.997,43 65.013,65 Jumlah Qsteam Total
3.158.434,22 266.237,8729
1.151.457,75
3.424.672,0884
B.13. Brush Strainer Sludge (BS-301)
Fungsi : Untuk menangkap serabut dari lumpur
1.151.457,75 3.424.672,0884
1.121.756,59
B-32
Q21 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q24 Lumpur 90% - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
B rush Strainer Sludge
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Q23 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.9 Alur neraca energi pada brush strainer sludge (BS-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q21 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
850,7012 196,3157 772,1749 556,2277 1.207,3413 2.961,0946
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
106.726,4272 13.725,7114 100.430,1539 46.422,7646 71.155,2644 812.997,4299
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
1.151.457,7514 kJ/Jam
+
B-33
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q23 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
0,1963 0,1963 97,9615 163,7273 97,8306 294,4735
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
20,8401 11,6141 10.780,8556 11.562,4185 4.878,6669 68.166,4475
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
95.420,8426 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q24 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
850,5049 196,1193 674,2134 392,5004 1.109,5107 2.666,6211
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
90.286,1374 11.602,4495 74.198,5053 27.718,3817 55.329,6339 617.285,0943
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
876.420,2021 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.16 Rangkuman neraca energi pada brush strainer sludge (BS-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q21 Q23 Q24 Minyak 106.726,43 20,84 90.286,14 FFA 13.725,71 11,61 11.602,45 Biji 100.430,15 10.780,86 74.198,50 Serat 46.422,76 11.562,42 27.718,38 Kotoran 71.155,26 4.878,67 55.329,63 Air 812.997,43 68.166,45 617.285,09 Jumlah Qloss Total
1.151.457,75 1.151.457,7514
95.420,85 876.420,20 179.616,7068 1.151.457,7514
B-34
B.14. Sludge Oil Tank (SO-301)
Fungsi : Tangki sementara sludge sebelum diolah oleh sludge centrifuge Q29 Aliran recycle - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Steam T = 95°C P = 1 atm Q24 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Sludge Oil Tank
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Q25 Lumpur ke Sludge Drain
Q26 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.10 Alur neraca energi pada sludge oil tank (SO-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q24 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
B-35
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
850,5049 196,1193 674,2134 392,5004 1.109,5107 2.666,6211
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
90.286,1374 11.602,4495 74.198,5053 27.718,3817 55.329,6339 617.285,0943
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
876.420,2021 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q29 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
42,4527 42,4527 93,1412 220,5842 339,1971 111,2261
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
5.325,9887 2.968,1458 12.114,0780 18.409,9598 19.990,7491 30.538,2048
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
89.347,1262 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q25 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
20,2156 20,2156 258,7593 4,0431 303,2336 1.415,0900
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
2.536,1852 1.413,4028 33.654,5998 337,4383 17.871,2227 388.526,7893
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
444.339,6381 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q26 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
+
B-36
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
872,7420 218,3565 508,5953 609,0416 1.145,4742 1.362,7571
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
109.491,6015 15.266,7287 66.148,6209 50.830,6088 67.509,0937 374.158,2796
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
683.404,9332 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (1.127.744,5636 – 965.767,3231) kJ/Jam = 161.977,2405 kJ/Jam
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 161.977,2405 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 71,3512 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.17 Rangkuman neraca energi pada sludge oil tank (SO-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q24 Q29 Q25 Q26 Minyak 90.286,14 5.325,99 2.536,19 109.491,60 FFA 11.602,45 2.968,15 1.413,40 15.266,73 Biji 74.198,50 12.114,08 33.654,60 66.148,62 Serat 27.718,38 18.409,96 337,44 50.830,61 Kotoran 55.329,63 19.990,75 17.871,22 67.509,09 Air 617.285,09 30.538,21 388.526,78 374.158,28 Jumlah Qsteam Total
876.420,20 89.347,13 161.977,2405 1.127.744,5636
444.339,63
683.404,93
1.127.744,5636
B-37
B.15. Sand Cyclone (SC-301) Fungsi : Untuk menangkap pasir yang terkandung dalam sludge dan untuk memudahkan proses selanjutnya. Q26 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q28 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Sand Cyclone
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q27 Pasir lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.11 Alur neraca energi pada sand cyclone (SC-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q26 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
872,7420 218,3565 508,5953 609,0416 1.145,4742 1.362,7571
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
109.491,6015 15.266,7287 66.148,6209 50.830,6088 67.509,0937 374.158,2796
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
683.404,9332 kJ/Jam
+
B-38
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q27 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
9,6226 9,6226 396,2252 188,8673 584,9039 697,5450
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
1.207,2241 672,7797 51.533,6054 15.762,8689 34.471,6024 191.517,8033
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
295.165,8839 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q28 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
863,1194 208,7339 112,3701 420,1742 560,5703 665,2121
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
108.284,3766 14.593,9489 14.615,0159 35.067,7398 33.037,4914 182.640,4770
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
388.239,0497 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.18 Rangkuman neraca energi pada sand cyclone (SC-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q26 Q27 Q28 Minyak 109.491,60 1.207,22 108.284,38 FFA 15.266,73 672,78 14.593,95 Biji 66.148,62 51.533,60 14.615,02 Serat 50.830,61 15.762,87 35.067,74 Kotoran 67.509,09 34.471,60 33.037,49 Air 374.158,28 191.517,80 182.640,48 Jumlah Total
683.404,93 683.404,9343
295.165,88 388.239,05 683.404,9343
B-39
B.16. Balance Tank (BT-301) Fungsi : Untuk menghilangkan lumpur dari minyak kasar Q28 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q30 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
B alance Tank
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q29 Aliran recyce ke Sudge Oil Tank - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.12 Alur neraca energi pada balance tank (BT-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q28 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
863,1194 208,7339 112,3701 420,1742 560,5703 665,2121
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
108.284,3766 14.593,9489 14.615,0159 35.067,7398 33.037,4914 182.640,4770
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
388.239,0497 kJ/Jam
+
B-40
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q29 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
42,4527 42,4527 93,1412 220,5842 339,1971 111,2261
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
5.325,9887 2.968,1458 12.114,0780 18.409,9598 19.990,7491 30.538,2048
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
89.347,1262 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q30 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
820,6667 166,2812 19,2289 199,5900 221,3732 553,9860
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
102.958,3879 11.625,8031 2.500,9379 16.657,7801 13.046,7423 152.102,2722
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
298.891,9235 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.19 Rangkuman neraca energi pada balance tank (BT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q28 Q29 Q30 Minyak 108.284,38 5.325,99 102.958,39 FFA 14.593,95 2.968,15 11.625,80 Biji 14.615,02 12.114,08 2.500,94 Serat 35.067,74 18.409,96 16.657,78 Kotoran 33.037,49 19.990,75 13.046,74 Air 182.640,48 30.538,21 152.102,27 Jumlah Total
388.239,05 388.239,0530
89.347,13 298.891,93 388.239,0530
B-41
B.17. Sludge Centri fuge (SS-301) Fungsi: Untuk memisahkan minyak yang masih terkandung dalam sludge dengan cara sentrifugal Q30 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q32 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Sludge Centrifuge
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Q31 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.13 Alur neraca energi pada sludge centrifuge (SS-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q30 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
820,6667 166,2812 19,2289 199,5900 221,3732 553,9860
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
102.958,3879 11.625,8031 2.500,9379 16.657,7801 13.046,7423 152.102,2722
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
298.891,9235 kJ/Jam
+
B-42
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q31 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
0,3962 0,3962 13,8679 148,5845 120,8487 112,1317
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
49,7092 27,7027 1.803,6762 12.400,8582 7.122,2777 30.786,8619
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
52.191,0859 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q32 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
820,2705 165,8849 5,3610 51,0055 100,5245 441,8543
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
102.908,6787 11.598,1004 697,2617 4.256,9219 5.924,4646 121.315,4103
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
246.700,8376 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.20 Rangkuman neraca energi pada sludge centrifuge (SS-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q30 Q31 Q32 Minyak 102.958,39 49,71 102.908,68 FFA 11.625,80 27,70 11.598,10 Biji 2.500,94 1.803,68 697,26 Serat 16.657,78 12.400,86 4.256,92 Kotoran 13.046,74 7.122,28 5.924,46 Air 152.102,27 30.786,86 121.315,41 Jumlah Total
298.891,93 298.891,9261
52.191,09 246.700,84 298.891,9261
B-43
B.18. F at Pi t (FP-301) Fungsi : Kolam penampungan lumpur sebelum diolah ke kolam pengolahan limbah Q33 Air kondensat - Minyak - Kotoran - Air T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Q31 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q35 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
F at Pi t
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Q34 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.14 Alur neraca energi pada fat pit (FP-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q31 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji
: : :
0,3962 0,3962 13,8679
x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009
x x x
65 65 65
= = =
49,7092 kJ/Jam 27,7027 kJ/Jam 1.803,6762 kJ/Jam
B-44
Serat Kotoran Air
: : :
Total
:
x x x
148,5845 120,8487 112,1317
1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x
65 65 65
= = =
12.400,8582 kJ/Jam 7.122,2777 kJ/Jam 30.786,8619 kJ/Jam
+
52.191,0859 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q33 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Kotoran Air
: : :
Total
:
11,2689 51,6117 2.190,9072
x x x
1,9301 0,9067 4,2316
x x x
70 70 70
= = =
1.522,5188 kJ/Jam 3.275,7457 kJ/Jam 648.968,1487 kJ/Jam
+
653.766,4131 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q34 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1,2588 0,2518 10,0700 99,4417 122,0994 2.284,3908
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
48,5907 5,4159 402,9922 2.553,6639 2.214,1497 191.159,4639
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
196.384,2762 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q35 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
10,4064 0,1445 3,7978 49,1427 50,3611 18,6482
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
401,7098 3,1080 151,9850 1.261,9848 913,2478 1.560,4908
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
4.292,5263 kJ/Jam
+
B-45
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (705.957,4995 – 200.676,8025) kJ/Jam = 505.280,6970 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.21 Rangkuman neraca energi pada fat pit (FP-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q31 Q33 Q34 Q35 Minyak 49,71 1522,5188 48,59 401,71 FFA 27,70 5,42 3,11 Biji 1.803,68 402,99 151,99 Serat 12.400,86 2.553,66 1.261,98 Kotoran 7.122,28 3275,7457 2.214,15 913,25 Air 30.786,86 648968,1487 191.159,46 1.560,49 Jumlah
52.191,09
Qloss Total
653766,4131
196.384,28 4.292,53 505.280,6970
705.957,4995
705.957,4995
B.19. Oil Tank (OT-301) Fungsi : Untuk tempat penampungan sementara crude oil sebelum diolah oleh oil purifier . Q36 Minyak kotor
Q22 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Steam T = 95°C P = 1 atm
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 95°C P = 1 atm
Oil Tank
Gambar B.15 Alur neraca energi pada oil tank (OT-301)
Q37 Minyak - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 95°C P = 1 atm
B-46
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q22 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
7.081,5155 641,4740 535,7507 553,4432 128,8983 236,7924
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
888.425,7463 44.849,6417 69.680,4861 46.190,3733 7.596,6842 65.013,6548
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
1.121.756,5863 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q36 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
256,9805 370,2354 458,8937 496,8901 91,7787 160,7964
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2316
x x x x x x
70 70 70 70 70 70
= = = = = =
34.720,0011 27.876,7784 64.275,4618 44.660,4820 5.825,1048 47.629,4529
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
224.987,2811 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q37 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
6.824,5350 271,2386 76,8570 56,5531 37,1195 75,9960
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2316
x x x x x x
70 70 70 70 70 70
= = = = = =
922.046,1861 20.422,8354 10.765,0610 5.082,9964 2.355,9397 22.510,7604
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
983.183,7789 kJ/Jam
+
B-47
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (1.208.171,0623 – 1.121.756,5855) kJ/Jam = 86.414,4768 kJ/Jam
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 86.414,4768 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 38,0657 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.22 Rangkuman neraca energi pada oil tank (OT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q22 Q36 Q37 Minyak 888.425,75 34.720,00 922.046,19 FFA 44.849,64 27.876,78 20.422,84 Biji 69.680,49 64.275,46 10.765,06 Serat 46.190,37 44.660,48 5.083,00 Kotoran 7.596,68 5.825,10 2.355,94 Air 65.013,65 47.629,45 22.510,76 Jumlah
1.121.756,59
Qsteam
86.414,4768
Total
1.208.171,0623
224.987,28
983.183,78
1.208.171,0623
B.20. Oil Puri fier (OP-301) Fungsi : Untuk mengurangi kadar kotoran dan kadar air dalam minyak berdasarkan atas perbedaan densitas dengan menggunakan gaya sentrifugal.
B-48
Q37 Minyak - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q39 Minyak murni - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Oil Purifi er
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Q38 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.16 Alur neraca energi pada oil purifier (OP-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q37 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
6.824,5350 271,2386 76,8570 56,5531 37,1195 75,9960
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2316
x x x x x x
70 70 70 70 70 70
= = = = = =
922.046,1861 20.422,8354 10.765,0610 5.082,9964 2.355,9397 22.510,7604
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
983.183,7789 kJ/Jam
+
B-49
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q38 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
305,4396 253,3093 69,0176 47,7249 29,3692 29,3692
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
32.424,2299 14.985,8170 7.595,5232 3.370,3356 1.464,5978 6.798,5540
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
66.639,0577 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q39 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
6.519,0954 17,9292 7,8394 8,8282 7,7503 46,6268
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
692.040,6305 1.060,6965 862,7390 623,4472 386,4976 10.793,4472
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
705.767,4581 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (983.183,7789 – 772.406,5157) kJ/Jam = 210.777,2632 kJ/Jam
+
B-50
Tabel B.23 Rangkuman neraca energi pada oil purifier (OP-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q37 Q38 Q39 Minyak 922.046,19 32.424,23 692.040,63 FFA 20.422,84 14.985,82 1.060,70 Biji 10.765,06 7.595,52 862,74 Serat 5.083,00 3.370,34 623,45 Kotoran 2.355,94 1.464,60 386,50 Air 22.510,76 6.798,55 10.793,45 Jumlah Qloss Total
983.183,78 983.183,7789
66.639,06 705.767,46 210.777,2632 983.183,7789
B.21. Waste Oil Tank (WT-301) Fungsi : Tangki penampungan sementara minyak yang terbuang dari pemurnian. Q36 Minyak kotor
Q32 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q38 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 95°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Waste Oil Tank
Q40 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 85°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.17 Alur neraca energi pada waste oil tank (WT-301)
B-51
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q32 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
820,2705 165,8849 5,3610 51,0055 100,5245 441,8543
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
102.908,6787 11.598,1004 697,2617 4.256,9219 5.924,4646 121.315,4103
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
246.700,8376 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q36 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
256,9805 370,2354 458,8937 496,8901 91,7787 160,7964
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2316
x x x x x x
70 70 70 70 70 70
= = = = = =
34.720,0011 27.876,7784 64.275,4618 44.660,4820 5.825,1048 47.629,4529
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
224.987,2811 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q38 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
305,4396 253,3093 69,0176 47,7249 29,3692 29,3692
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2088
x x x x x x
55 55 55 55 55 55
= = = = = =
32.424,2299 14.985,8170 7.595,5232 3.370,3356 1.464,5978 6.798,5540
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
66.639,0577 kJ/Jam
+
B-52
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q40 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1.382,6906 789,4297 533,2723 595,6206 221,6725 632,0198
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2164
x x x x x x
60 60 60 60 60 60
= = = = = =
160.124,5158 50.948,4847 64.022,9051 45.886,6097 12.059,4267 159.891,4835
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
492.933,4255 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (538.327,1807 – 492.933,4255) kJ/Jam = 45.393,7552 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.24 Rangkuman neraca energi pada waste oil tank (WT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q32 Q36 Q38 Q40 Minyak 102.908,68 34720,0015 32.424,23 160.124,52 FFA 11.598,10 27876,7787 14.985,82 50.948,48 Biji 697,26 64275,4624 7.595,52 64.022,91 Serat 4.256,92 44660,4825 3.370,34 45.886,61 Kotoran 5.924,46 5825,1049 1.464,60 12.059,43 Air 121.315,41 47629,4533 6.798,55 159.891,48 Jumlah Qloss Total
246.700,84
224987,2834
66.639,06
492.933,43 45.393,7552
538.327,1807
538.327,1807
B.22. Sludge Drain Tank (SD-301) Fungsi : Mengendapkan kotoran dari minyak kasar untuk aliran recycle
B-53
Q41 Lumpur - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Q35 Minyak kotor - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q40 Minyak kotor
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
T = 85°C P = 1 atm
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q42 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Slugde D rain Tank
Q20 Minyak kotor
Q25 Air pengencer
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
- Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.18 Alur neraca energi pada sludge drain tank (SD-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q20 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat
: : : :
850,7012 196,3157 772,1749 556,2277
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840
x x x x
65 65 65 65
= = = =
106.726,4272 13.725,7114 100.430,1539 46.422,7646
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
B-54
Kotoran : 1.207,3413 : 2.961,0946 Air : Total
x 0,9067 x 4,2240
x 65 x 65
= =
71.155,2644 kJ/Jam 812.997,4299 kJ/Jam
+
1.151.457,7514 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q25 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
20,2156 20,2156 258,7593 4,0431 303,2336 1.415,0900
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2240
x x x x x x
65 65 65 65 65 65
= = = = = =
2.536,1852 1.413,4028 33.654,5998 337,4383 17.871,2227 388.526,7893
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
444.339,6381 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q35 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
x x x x x x
10,4064 0,1445 3,7978 49,1427 50,3611 18,6482
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
401,7098 3,1080 151,9850 1.261,9848 913,2478 1.560,4908
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
4.292,5263 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q40 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1.382,6906 789,4297 533,2723 595,6206 221,6725 632,0198
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,2164
x x x x x x
60 60 60 60 60 60
= = = = = =
160.124,5158 50.948,4847 64.022,9051 45.886,6097 12.059,4267 159.891,4835
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
492.933,4255 kJ/Jam
+
B-55
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q41 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
796,4316 443,9051 1.195,1773 723,3547 1.163,4412 3.750,8096
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
30.743,9783 9.549,6337 47.829,6717 18.575,7480 21.097,8433 313.870,4469
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
441.667,3219 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q42 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1.467,5821 562,2003 372,8271 481,6794 619,1672 1.276,0430
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
56.651,8354 12.094,4916 14.920,1287 12.369,5281 11.227,9786 106.780,1932
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
214.044,1556 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (2.093.023,3326 – 655.711,4776) kJ/Jam = 1.437.311,8549 kJ/Jam
+
B-56
Tabel B.25 Rangkuman neraca energi pada sludge drain tank (SD-301) Input (kJ/jam)
Komposisi
Q20
Ouput (kJ/jam)
Q25
Q35
106.726,43
2.536,19
401,71
160.124,52
30.743,98
56.651,84
FFA
13.725,71
1.413,40
3,11
50.948,48
9.549,63
12.094,49
Biji
100.430,15
33.654,60
151,99
64.022,91
47.829,67
14.920,13
Serat
46.422,76
337,44
1.261,98
45.886,61
18.575,75
12.369,53
Kotoran
71.155,26
17.871,22
913,25
12.059,43
21.097,84
11.227,98
812.997,43
388.526,78
1.560,49
159.891,48
313.870,45
106.780,19
1.151.457,75
444.339,63
4.292,53
492.933,43
441.667,32
214.044,16
Minyak
Air Jumlah
Q40
Q41
Q42
1.437.311,8549
Qloss Total
2.093.023,3326
2.093.023,3326
B.23. Recycle Oil Tank (RT-301) Fungsi : Mengendapkan kotoran dari minyak kasar untuk aliran recycle Q42 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q43 Minyak kasar - Minyak - FFA - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
R ecycle Oil Tank
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.19 Alur neraca energi pada recycle oil tank (RT-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q42 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat
: : : :
1.467,5821 562,2003 372,8271 481,6794
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840
x x x x
20 20 20 20
= = = =
56.651,8354 12.094,4916 14.920,1287 12.369,5281
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
B-57
Kotoran Air
: :
Total
:
619,1672 1.276,0430
x x
0,9067 4,1840
x x
20 20
= =
11.227,9786 kJ/Jam 106.780,1932 kJ/Jam
+
214.044,1556 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q43 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : : :
Total
:
1.467,5821 562,2003 372,8271 481,6794 619,1672 1.276,0430
x x x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20 20
= = = = = =
56.651,8354 12.094,4916 14.920,1287 12.369,5281 11.227,9786 106.780,1932
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
214.044,1556 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.26 Rangkuman neraca energi pada recycle oil tank (RT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q42 Q43 Minyak 56.651,84 56.651,84 FFA 12.094,49 12.094,49 Biji 14.920,13 14.920,13 Serat 12.369,53 12.369,53 Kotoran 11.227,98 11.227,98 Air 106.780,19 106.780,19 Jumlah Total
214.044,16 214.044,1557
214.044,16 214.044,1557
B.24. F loat Tank (FT-301) Fungsi : Menstabilkan aliran minyak sebelum dimasukkan ke vacuum drier
B-58
Q39 Minyak murni - Minyak - FFA - Pengotor - Air
Q44 Minyak murni - Minyak - FFA - Pengotor - Air
F loat Tank
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.20 Alur neraca energi pada float tank (FT-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q39 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Pengotor Air
: : : :
Total
:
6.519,0954 17,9292 24,4179 46,6268
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 1,3944 4,2088
x x x x
55 55 55 55
= 692.040,6305 kJ/Jam = 1.060,6965 kJ/Jam = 1.872,6839 kJ/Jam = 10.793,4472 kJ/Jam
+
705.767,4581 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q44 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Pengotor Air
: : : :
Total
:
6.519,0954 17,9292 24,4179 46,6268
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 1,3944 4,2088
x x x x
55 55 55 55
= 692.040,6305 kJ/Jam = 1.060,6965 kJ/Jam = 1.872,6839 kJ/Jam = 10.793,4472 kJ/Jam 705.767,4581 kJ/Jam
+
B-59
Tabel B.27 Rangkuman neraca energi pada float tank (FT-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q39 Q44 Minyak 692.040,63 692.040,63 FFA 1.060,70 1.060,70 Pengotor 1.872,68 1.872,68 Air 10.793,45 10.793,45 Jumlah
705.767,46
Total
705.767,46
705.767,4581
705.767,4581
B.25. Vacuum Drier (VD-301) Fungsi : Untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam minyak produksi. Q45 Air T = 80°C P = 1 atm Q44 Minyak murni - Minyak - FFA - Pengotor - Air
Q46 Minyak murni - Minyak - FFA - Pengotor - Air
V acuum D rier
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.21 Alur neraca energi pada vacuum drier (VD-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q44 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Pengotor Air
: : : :
Total
:
6.519,0954 17,9292 24,4179 46,6268
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 1,3944 4,2088
x x x x
55 55 55 55
= 692.040,6305 kJ/Jam = 1.060,6965 kJ/Jam = 1.872,6839 kJ/Jam = 10.793,4472 kJ/Jam 705.767,4581 kJ/Jam
+
B-60
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q45 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 19,8242
x 4,2088
x 55
= 4.589,0240 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q46 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak FFA Pengotor Air
: : : :
Total
:
6.519,0954 17,9292 24,4179 26,8026
x x x x
1,9301 1,0756 1,3944 4,2088
x x x x
55 55 55 55
= 692.040,6305 kJ/Jam = 1.060,6965 kJ/Jam = 1.872,6839 kJ/Jam = 6.204,4232 kJ/Jam
+
701.178,4341 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.28 Rangkuman neraca energi pada vacuum drier (VD-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q44 Q45 Q46 Minyak 692.040,63 692.040,63 FFA 1.060,70 1.060,70 Pengotor 1.872,68 1.872,68 Air 10.793,45 4.589,02 6.204,42 Jumlah Total
705.767,46 705.767,4581
4.589,02
701.178,43
705.767,4581
B.26. Cake Breaker Conveyor (CB-301)
Fungsi : Untuk membawa dan membantu memisahkan gumpalan yang terdiri dari biji sawit (nut) dan fibre (serabut).
B-61
Q47 Air T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Q12 Ampas - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q48 Ampas - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Cake Br eaker Conveyor
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
T = 70°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.22 Alur neraca energi pada cake breaker conveyor (CB-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q12 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
79,4407 6.391,8226 3.199,0637 2.056,6310 882,6743
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1937
x x x x x
45 45 45 45 45
= = = = =
6.899,8088 575.535,7393 184.841,9013 83.913,6308 166.574,0642
1.017.765,1444 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q47 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 132,4011
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
x 4,1840
x 20
= 11.079,4226 kJ/Jam
+
B-62
Aliran Q48 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
79,4407 6.391,8226 3.199,0637 2.056,6310 750,2731
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20
= = = = =
3.066,5817 255.793,6619 82.151,9561 37.294,9470 62.783,3946
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
+
441.090,5413 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (1.017.765,1444 – 452.169,9639) kJ/Jam = 565.595,1805 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.29 Rangkuman neraca energi pada cake breaker conveyor (CB-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q12 Q47 Q48 Minyak 6.899,81 3.066,58 Biji 575.535,74 255.793,66 Serat 184.841,90 82.151,96 Kotoran 83.913,63 37.294,95 Air 166.574,06 11.079,42 62.783,39 Jumlah Qloss Total
1.017.765,14
11.079,42
441.090,54
565.595,1805 1.017.765,1444
1.017.765,1444
B.27. Depericarper (DC-301) Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan fiber dengan nut dan membawa fiber untuk menjadi bahan bakar boiler.
B-63
Q49 Ampas - Minyak - Serat - Kotoran - Air T = 40°C P = 1 atm
Q48 Ampas - Minyak - Biji - Serat - Kotoran - Air
Q50 Biji - Kernel - Cangkang - Air
D epericarper
T = 40°C P = 1 atm
T = 45°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.23 Alur neraca energi pada depericarper (DC-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q48 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Biji Serat Kotoran Air
: : : : :
Total
:
79,4407 6.391,8226 3.199,0637 2.056,6310 750,2731
x x x x x
1,9301 2,0009 1,2840 0,9067 4,1840
x x x x x
20 20 20 20 20
= = = = =
3.066,5817 255.793,6619 82.151,9561 37.294,9470 62.783,3946
kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam kJ/Jam
441.090,5413 kJ/Jam
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q49 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Minyak Serat
: :
79,4407 3.199,0637
x x
1,9301 1,2840
x x
20 20
= =
3.066,5817 kJ/Jam 82.151,9561 kJ/Jam
+
B-64
Kotoran Air
: :
Total
:
2.056,6310 750,2731
x x
0,9067 4,1840
x x
20 20
= =
37.294,9470 kJ/Jam 62.783,3946 kJ/Jam
+
185.296,8794 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q50 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.325,1910 Kernel Cangkang : 2.916,1035 : 1.150,5281 Air : Total
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,1840
x 20 x 20 x 20
= = =
68.735,1565 kJ/Jam 90.767,5490 kJ/Jam 96.277,0166 kJ/Jam
+
255.779,7220 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (441.090,5413 – 441.076,6014) kJ/Jam = 13,9399 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.30 Rangkuman neraca energi pada depericarper (DC-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q48 Q49 Q50 Minyak 3.066,58 3.066,58 Biji 255.793,66 Kernel 68.735,16 Cangkang 90.767,55 Serat 82.151,96 82.151,96 Kotoran 37.294,95 37.294,95 Air 62.783,39 62.783,39 96.277,02 Jumlah Qloss Total
441.090,54 441.090,5413
185.296,88 13,9399
255.779,72
441.090,5413
B.28. Nut Silo Dri er (ND-301)
Fungsi : Tempat penyimpanan sementara nut sebelum diolah pada proses berikutnya.
B-65
Udara panas T = 95°C P = 1 atm Q50 Biji - Kernel - Cangkang - Air
Q51 Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm Q52 Biji kering - Kernel - Cangkang - Air
Nut Silo Drier
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 40°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.24 Alur neraca energi pada nut silo drier (ND-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q50 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.325,1910 Kernel Cangkang : 2.916,1035 : 1.150,5281 Air : Total
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q51 :
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,1840
x 20 x 20 x 20
= = =
68.735,1565 kJ/Jam 90.767,5490 kJ/Jam 96.277,0166 kJ/Jam
+
255.779,7220 kJ/Jam
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air
230,1056
x 4,2240
x 65
= 63.177,7434 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q52 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.325,1910 Kernel Cangkang : 2.916,1035 : Air 920,4225 : Total
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2240
x 65 x 65 x 65
= 223.389,2585 kJ/Jam = 294.994,5342 kJ/Jam = 252.710,9734 kJ/Jam 771.094,7661 kJ/Jam
+
B-66
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (834.272,5095 – 255.779,7220) kJ/Jam = 578.492,7875 kJ/Jam
Entalphi vapor steam (Hv) pada 93,956 kPa, T = 95°C adalah 2.668,1 kJ/Kg dan entalphi liquid steam (Hl) untuk kondisi yang sama adalah 397,96 kJ/Kg (Saturated steam), maka steam yang dibutuhkan: msteam = =
dQ dH 578.492,7875 kJ / Jam (2.668,1 397,96) kJ / Kg
= 266,0728 Kg/Jam
Tabel B.31 Rangkuman neraca energi pada nut silo drier (ND-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q50 Q51 Q52 Kernel 68.735,16 223.389,26 Cangkang 90.767,55 294.994,53 Air 96.277,02 63.177,74 252.710,97 Jumlah Qsteam Total
255.779,72 578.492,7875 834.272,5095
B.29. Separating Column (RM-301) Fungsi : Memisahkan kernel dari cangkang
63.177,74
771.094,77
834.272,5095
B-67
Q53 Cangkang T = 80°C P = 1 atm Q52 Biji kering - Kernel - Cangkang - Air
Q54 Kernel - Kernel - Cangkang - Air
Separating Column
T = 90°C P = 1 atm
T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.25 Alur neraca energi pada separating column (RM-301)
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q52 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.325,1910 Kernel Cangkang : 2.916,1035 : Air 920,4225 : Total
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q53 :
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2240
x 65 x 65 x 65
= 223.389,2585 kJ/Jam = 294.994,5342 kJ/Jam = 252.710,9734 kJ/Jam
+
771.094,7661 kJ/Jam
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: Kernel 13,3734 Cangkang : 2.832,1498 : Air 497,8245 : Total
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2088
x 55 x 55 x 55
= 1.087,1626 kJ/Jam = 242.424,5455 kJ/Jam = 115.239,3265 kJ/Jam 358.751,0346 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q54 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
+
B-68
: 2.311,8176 Kernel Cangkang : 83,9537 : Air 422,5980 : Total
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2088
x 55 x 55 x 55
= 187.934,5177 kJ/Jam = 7.186,2142 kJ/Jam = 97.825,4631 kJ/Jam
+
292.946,1950 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qloss :
Qloss = Qin – Qout = (771.094,7661 – 651.697,2296) kJ/Jam = 119.397,5365 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.32 Rangkuman neraca energi pada separating column (RM-301) Input (kJ/jam) Ouput (kJ/jam) Komposisi Q52 Q53 Q54 Kernel 223.389,26 1.087,16 187.934,52 Cangkang 294.994,53 242.424,55 7.186,21 Air 252.710,97 115.239,33 97.825,46 Jumlah Qloss Total
771.094,77
358.751,03
292.946,20
119.397,5365 771.094,7661
771.094,7661
B.30. Kernel Silo Drier (KD-301) Fungsi : Untuk mengurangi kadar air pada kernel produksi. Udara panas T = 95°C P = 1 atm Q54 Kernel - Kernel - Cangkang - Air T = 80°C P = 1 atm
Q55 Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
K ernel Si lo D ri er
Q56 Kernel kering - Kernel - Cangkang - Air T = 90°C P = 1 atm
Gambar B.26 Alur neraca energi pada kernel silo drier (KD-301)
B-69
Energi Masuk
Aliran Q54 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.311,8176 Kernel Cangkang : 83,9537 : Air 422,5980 : Total
Energi Keluar
Aliran Q55 :
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2088
x 55 x 55 x 55
= 187.934,5177 kJ/Jam = 7.186,2142 kJ/Jam = 97.825,4631 kJ/Jam
+
292.946,1950 kJ/Jam
T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
Air : 126,7794
x 4,2240
x 65
= 34.808,5219 kJ/Jam
Aliran Q56 : T
Qi = Hi =
m.Cp.dT = m.Cp.∆T
Tref
: 2.311,8176 Kernel Cangkang : 83,9537 : Air 295,8186 : Total
x 1,4781 x 1,5563 x 4,2240
x 65 x 65 x 65
= 222.104,4300 kJ/Jam = 8.492,7986 kJ/Jam = 81.219,8845 kJ/Jam 311.817,1131 kJ/Jam
Aliran Qsteam :
Qsteam = Qout – Qin = (346.625,6351 – 292.946,1950) kJ/Jam = 53.679,4400 kJ/Jam
+