MARINHA DO BRASIL DIRETORIA DE PORTOS E COSTAS ENSINO PROFISSIONAL MARÍTIMO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE AQUAVIÁRIOS (CFAQ I-C)
INGLÊS TÉCNICO MARÍTIMO – ING 001 –
1ª.edição Rio de Janeiro 2013 1
© 2013 direitos direitos reservados à Diretoria de Portos Portos e Costas
Autor : Jander dos Anjos
Revisão Pedagógica: Pedagógica: Revisão ortográfica: ortográfica: Diagramação/Digitação: Diagramação/Digitação: Invenio Design
Coordenação Geral: Geral:
______ ___________ ______ _ exemplare exemplaress
Diretoria de Portos e Costas Rua Teófilo Otoni, n. 4 – Centro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20090-070 http://www.dpc.mar.mil.br
[email protected]
Depósito legal legal na Biblio B ibliotec teca a Nacional Nacional conforme Decreto Dec reto n o 1825, de 20 de dezembro de 1907 IMPRESSO IMPRESSO NO BRASIL BRASIL / PRI PR INTED IN BRAZIL 2
© 2013 direitos direitos reservados à Diretoria de Portos Portos e Costas
Autor : Jander dos Anjos
Revisão Pedagógica: Pedagógica: Revisão ortográfica: ortográfica: Diagramação/Digitação: Diagramação/Digitação: Invenio Design
Coordenação Geral: Geral:
______ ___________ ______ _ exemplare exemplaress
Diretoria de Portos e Costas Rua Teófilo Otoni, n. 4 – Centro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20090-070 http://www.dpc.mar.mil.br
[email protected]
Depósito legal legal na Biblio B ibliotec teca a Nacional Nacional conforme Decreto Dec reto n o 1825, de 20 de dezembro de 1907 IMPRESSO IMPRESSO NO BRASIL BRASIL / PRI PR INTED IN BRAZIL 2
APRESENTAÇÃO Esta Es ta apostila é destinada para a Forma Form ação de Aquaviários Aquaviários na áreas de convés e de máquinas que não possuem conhecimentos do idioma inglês, possibilitando a eles se fazer entender entender e resolver pequenas pequenas dificuldades dificuldades do inglês coloqu c oloquial ial em sua atividade atividade profissional profiss ional.. Procurou-se estabelecer uma sequencia lógica abordando também um pequeno resumo gramatical, seguido de eexpressões xpressões usuais e de um vocabulário vocabulário básico. A chave chave do sucesso em em falar falar um um idioma idioma estrang estrangeiro eiro está está no n o contí contínuo nuo estudo estudo e constante constante prática. Esta apostila será de utilidade nas atividades do dia-a-dia, facilitando o relacionamento do moço de convés com as tripulações tripulações estrangeiras.
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SUM ÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO ................................................................................................................
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UNIDADE 1 UNIDADE 2 UNIDADE 3 UNIDADE 4
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- ESPIAS DE AMARRAÇÃO E CABOS USADOS A BORDO ....................... - ASSISTÊNCIA DE REBOCADORES ..................................................... - ORDENS-PADRÃO PARA LEME E MÁQUINAS ...................................... - MANOBRAS DE ATRACAÇÃO, DESATRACAÇÃO, FUNDEIO E DE SUSPENDER ..............................................................................................
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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .................................................................................... ANEXO - GUIA DE PRONÚNCIA VOGAIS E OUTROS ......................................................
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UNIDADE 1 ESPIAS DE AMARRAÇÃO E CABOS USADOS A BORDO (ROPEWORK)
THE BASICS Ropes are made of short fibres that are spun into yarns , which are then made into fl at or twisted strands. Finally, the strands are spun or braided to make the finished rope (Figure 1.1). The two main types of rope are: Laid rope: three-strand rope (two- and four-strand ropes also exist) is made of strands twisted together in the opposite direction to that of the yarns, normally to the right (Z-laid), but sometimes to the left (S-laid). Braided rope is made in different ways. The yarns are normally braided to form a sheath covering an inner core of yarns, which may again be braided or lightly twisted together.
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MATERIALS Natural fibres like hemp, manila and sisal were used for all rope until the 20th century. These fibres were derived 2 from various plants and usually made into laid rope. Today, most rope is made from synthetic fibres . The fibre type determines, to a large degree, the rope‟s properties: Multifi lament: thin threads giving a supple/soft rope. Film: a fl at, wide fibre used in cheap rope. Monofi lament: a thick fibre giving a stiffer rope. The material used can be divided into four groups: Polyester (Terylene) makes high quality rope made of multifi lament fibres . The rope is supple (and remains supple), well protected against sunlight and sinks. A high breaking strength makes it suitable for anchor and mooring lines. Pre-stretched polyester rope, which gives minimum stretch, is used for sheets and halyards. Polyamide (Nylon) rope made of multifi lament fibres is a high-stretch rope that is very much used in fishing and shipping. In common with polyester ropes, Nylon ropes have high abrasion resistance and don‟t float. In addition, they are very elastic, making them especially
suitable for towing, mooring and climbing ropes where shock loads are introduced. Nylon rope is available in laid, braided and multibraided forms. Polyethylene rope made of monofit lament fibres is smooth, with a relatively hard surface. This rope is used for heavy fishing gear due to its very high abrasion resistance. Polypropylene fibres make low-cost, all-purpose ropes. They are light and fl oat, making them suitable as rescue or short mooring lines. However, the ropes have a low resistance to abrasion and sunlight. Polypropylene ropes come in a number of forms. Rope made from film fibres is inexpensive but should not be used on yachts, at least not where quality is necess ary. Note that polyester, polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene are the correct names of the materials, while names like Nylon, Terylene, Dacron, etc. are the product names various companies use on products derived from these materials. Aramid fibre (Kevlar) combines a very high breaking strength with a very low elasticity. A number of other fibres with names like Vectran, Spectra and Dyneema are light and often have
higher breaking strengths than steel!
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SHIPPING READING COMPREHENSION (A)
HOW MERCHANT SHIPS OPERATE (VERSION 1) EXERCISE 1
The introductory paragraph to a reading passage will often tell you what the rest of the passage is going to be about. Read the first paragraph only of the passage below and then write down a short statement saying what the passage is going to be about. Begin your statement: The passage is about… Now read the passage through rapidly to see if your prediction is right. Do not stop at words you do not understand. 1
Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. 2Some are also designed to carry passengers. 3Nowadays most merchant ships are built to carry cargo. 4 A few still carry passengers. 5Merchant vessels can operate in the following three basic ways. 6
They can operate as liners. 7Liners are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. 8 A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance. 9They sail whether they are full or not. 10
Merchant vessels can also operate as tramps. 11Tramps do not sail on regular routes. 12 They do not keep to a fixed timetable. 13They are employed in all parts of the world there is cargo for them to carry. 14
A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. to carry a particular type of cargo.
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These are designed
Is your statement similar to the heading of the summary outline below?
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EXERCISE 2 Complete the outline to form a summary of the passage.
The three basic ways merchant vessels can operate: (a)
_________________________________________
(b)
_________________________________________
(c)
_________________________________________
This outline also shows the structure of the passage.
EXERCISE 3 Now read the passage more carefully. Underline the words you do not understand. Before you use your dictionary or ask your teacher, remember that the meaning of a word can often be got (a) from the context (e.g. „vessels‟, sentence 5, means „ships‟), (b) by studying the word to see if it is derived from a noun or verb etc. that you already know (e.g. „arrival‟, sentence 8, from „to arrive‟).
EXERCISE 4 Use the information in the reading passage to complete these sentences. (a)
Merchant ships are designed to carry _________________________________
(b)
Liners are employed________________________________________________
(c)
Tramps are not employed____________________________________________
(d)
Specialized vessels are designed______________________________________
GRAMMAR (A) QUANTIFIERS Quantifiers, or amount words, indicate the approximate quantity or amount of the noun they qualify or represent. Study the table below which gives the most commonly used quantifiers.
AMOUNT
COUNTABLES
UNCOUNTABLES
a total amount an almost total amount a large amount
all most many a lot (of) a large number (of) some
all most much a lot (of) a large number (of) some
a small amount
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several a few few no none
a very small amount zero amount
a little little no none
APPLIED TERMINOLOGY (A) TERMS RELATING TO SHAPES The shapes of objects can be referred to by using a number of methods: 1. By using the names of geometric figures Two-dimensional figures
Noun
Adjective
Square
Threedimensional figures
Noun
Adjective
Square
Cube
Cubic
Rectangle
Rectangular
Cylinder
Cylindrical
Triangle
Triangular
Pyramid
Pyramidal
Circle
Circular
Sphere
Spherical
Semicircle
Semicircular
Hemisphere
Hemispherical
Ellipse/oval
Elliptical/oval
Cone
Conical
When used to describe shapes, the noun or adjective can be used. e.g.
It is shaped like a circle.
It is circular in shape.
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EXERCISE 5 Describe the shape of these objects using both patterns:
(a) Starboard hand
b)
c)
Funnel
Sail
buoy ___________________
___________________
(d)
(e)
Cable link
Special mark
_________________
(f) Rudder
buoy ___________________
___________________
(g)
(h)
Lifebuoy
Faceplate
___________________
_________________
(i) Flag
___________________
_________________
2. By using letters of the alphabet These are used to describe shapes in the following ways: A beam shaped like the letter I = an I-beam
A pipe shaped like the letter S = an S-shaped pipe
3. By using
objects with well-known shapes
e. g. an eye
a mushroom
a heart
a kidney
a needle a finger 12
Can you suggest any others? These are used as follows: A ventilator shaped like a mushroom = A mushroom ventilator A valve shaped like a mushroom = A mushroom-shaped valve EXERCISE 6 Complete these names using a letter of the alphabet or one of the objects above:
(a)
(beam)
(e)
(cabin)
(i)
(plates)
(use „-shaped‟)
(b)
(splice)
(f)
(ventilator)
(j)
(cut)
(use „-shaped‟)
(c)
(bracket)
(g)
(d)
(shackle)
(h)
(valve)
(shackle)
(k)
(l)
(tray)
(tube)
(use „-shaped‟)
(B) MEASUREMENT (I) General dimensions We can describe the length of an object using four different patterns: 1. The beam is three metres in length. 2. The beam has a length of three metres. 3. The length of the beam is three metres. (or by using the adjective) 4. The beam is three metres long. Width/breadth, height, depth and thickness are described using the same patterns. Radius, diameter, circumference are described using patterns 1,2,3.
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EXERCISE 7 Complete this table.
Noun
Adjective
width breadth height depth thickness
EXERCISE 8 Describe the dimensions of these objects in as many ways as possible:
____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
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GUIDED WRITING (A ) Description of buoys S tag e 1. Look at the notes below and study how they can be put together to from a description.
(Note: all figures in this exercise should be considered as three-dimensional.) Porthand buoys
Colour: red Shape: can, spar or pillar Top mark: (if any) red can Light: red, any rhythm In the system of buoyage adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), lateral marks consist of porthand buoys and starboard hand buoys. Porthand buoys are red in colour. They are either can-shaped, pillar-shaped or spar-shaped. If they carry a top mark it is also red and shaped like a can. Lights, when fitted, are red and flash in any rhythm. S tag e 2. Using the notes below and the desc ription above as a guide, write a description of starboard hand buoys.
Starboard hand buoys
Colour: green Shape: cone, spar or pillar Top mark: (if any) green cone Light: green, any rhythm S tag e 3. Now try and write a description of these special marks. They are all yellow in colour and so is their light when fitted. It flashes in any rhythm.
Special marks
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NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE Abbreviations
When taking notes, the student tries to extract from a reading passage or lecture the important information and then put it on paper both briefly and coherently. To help him do this, a number of techniques must be developed. One technique is the use of abbreviations. Some of these are established, others can be invented. Study the different forms of abbreviation below: 1. Some established abbreviations: e.g. = for example
cf. = compare
no. = number
i. e. = that is to say
etc. = and so on
NB = note well
2. Some formed from the first letter of a word or words: N = north
IALA = International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
MV = motor vessel
IMO = International Maritime Organization
3. Some abbreviations formed from the first part of the word: approx. = approximately
poss. = possible, possibly
auto. = automatic
gen. = general, generally
4. Some formed by omitting most vowels and some consonants, except the final one: mk = mark
govt = government
imprvd = improved
ft = feet
dept = department
imprvmt = improvement
5. Note how the connectives studied in the grammar section and words and phrases having the same meaning can be abbreviated or simplified.
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UNIDADE 2 ASSISTÊNCIA DE REBOCADORES (TUG ASSISTANCE) A tugboat (tug) is a boat that maneuvers vessels by pushing or towing them. Tugs move vessels that either should not move themselves, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal,[1] or those that cannot move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships,log rafts, or oil platforms. Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built, and some are oceangoing. Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats. Early tugboats hadsteam engines, but today most have diesel engines. Many tugboats have firefighting monitors, allowing them to assist in firefighting, especially in harbors.
EXERCISE 1 Choose the correct words 01) The tug will
02) Use the ..................lead.
(a) Push
(a) centre
(b) Pull
(b) panama
(c) moor
(c) fix
(d) Fix
(d) push
(e) Melt
(e) move
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03) We will use the towing lines of..............................
4) Use the fairlead on starboard (a) quarter
(a) your vessel
(b) stern
(b) your tug
(c) bow
(c) your shovel
(d) astern
(d) wheel
(e) move
(e) gear 5) Send………………lines to the tugs. (a) heaving
6) Lower towing lines…………. (a) to the hug
(b) tow towing
(b) three metres from the water
(c) a message
(c) three metres from the water
(d) a signal
(d) two metres from the water
(e) though
(e) one metre from the water
7) Make fast the tug……………………… (a) forward (b) aft (c) line (d) in line (e) forward
8) Towing …………………………….broken.
(a) line is (b) line are (c) 2 lines are (d) 4 lines are (e) 6 lines are
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UNIDADE 3 ORDENS-PADRÃO PARA LEME E MÁQUINAS
1. Standard wheel orders
All wheel orders given should be repeated by the helmsman and the officer of the watch should ensure that they are carried out correctly and immediately. All wheel orders should be held until countermanded. The helmsman should report immediately if the vessel does not answer the wheel*.
Order
Meaning
1.1 Midships
Rudder to be held in the fore and aft position.
1.2 Port five
5° of port rudder to be held.
1.3 Port ten
10° of port rudder to be held.
1.4 Port fifteen
15° of port rudder to be held.
1.5 Port twenty
20° of port rudder to be held.
1.6 Port twenty-five
25° of port rudder to be* held.
1.7 Hard-a-port
Rudder to be held fully over to port.
1.8 Starboard five
5° of starboard rudder to be held.
1.9 Starboard ten
10° of starboard rudder to be held.
1.10 Starboard fifteen
15° of starboard rudder to be held.
1.11 Starboard twenty
20° of starboard rudder to be held.
* When there is concern that the helmsman is inattentive he should be questioned and he should respond in accordance with the terminology in Part III, sub-paragrahs 5.1 and 5.2 of the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary: This is a reminder to the helmsman to mind his helm. 1.12 Starboard twenty-five
25‟ of starboard rudder to be held.
1.13 Hard-a-starboard
Rudder to be held fully over to starboard.
1.14 Ease to five
Reduce amount of rudder to 5° and hold. 19
1.15 Ease to ten
Reduce amount of rudder to 10° and hold.
1.16 Ease to fifteen
Reduce amount of rudder to 15° and hold.
1.17 Ease to twenty
Reduce amount of rudder to 20° and hold.
1.18 Steady
Reduce swing as rapidly as possible
1.19 Steady as she goes
Steer a ready course on the compass heading indicated at the time of the order. The helmsman is to repeat the order and call out the compass heading on receiving the order. When the ship is steady on that heading, the helmsman is to call out: “Steady on . . . .
1.20 Keep the buoy/mark/beacon on port/starboard side. 1.21 Report if she does not answer the wheel. 1.22 Finished with the wheel.
When the officer of the watch requires a course to be steered by compass , the direction in which he wants the wheel turned should be stated followed by each numeral being said separately, including zero, for example:
Order
Course to be steered
“Port, steer one eight two”
182°
“Starboard, steer zero eight two
” 082°
“Port, steer three zero five
” 305°
On receipt of an order to steer, for example, 182° the helmsman should repeat it and bring the ship round steadily to the course ordered. When the ship is steady on the course ordered, the helmsman is to call out: “Steady on one eight two”. The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman‟s call out. If it is desired t o
steer on a selected mark the helmsm an should be ordered to: “Steer on . . . buoy . . . (mark) . . . (beacon)”.
The helmsman should repeat the order and when steady on the mark call out: “Steady on . . . buoy . . . (mark) . . . (beacon)”.
The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman‟s call out.
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2. Standard engine orders Any engine order given should be repeated by the person operating the bridge telegraph(s) and the officer of the watch should ensure the order is carried out correctly and immediately. Order
Meaning (see Note)
2.1 Full ahead
Maximum manoeuvring engine revolutions for ahead propulsion
2.2 Half ahead
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.3 Slow ahead
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.4 Dead slow ahead
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.5 Stop engine(s)
No engine revolutions.
2.6 Dead slow astern
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.7 Slow astern
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.8 Half astern
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.9 Full astern
Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.10 Emergency
full ahead/astern Revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
2.11 Stand by engine
Engine room personnel fully ready to manoeuvre and bridge manned with personnel to relay engine orders.
2.12 Finished with engines
Movement of engine(s) no longer required.
In ships fitted with twin propellers, the word “both” should be added to all orders affecting both shafts, e.g. “Full ahead both”, and “Slow astern both”, except that the words “Stop all engines” should be used, when appropriate. When required
to manoeuvre twin propellers
independently, this should be indicated, i.e. “Full ahead starboard”, “Half astern port”, etc.
Where bow thrusters are used, the following orders are used: Order
Meaning
2.13 Bow thrust
full
2.14 Bow thrust specified.
full (half) to starboard Ship‟s head to move to starboard with power as
2.15 Stern thrust
full (half) to port Ship‟s stern to move to port with
2.16 Stern thrust
full (half) to starboard.
Ship‟s stern
to move to starboard with power as specified
2.17 Bow (stern)
thrust stop No bow (stern) thrust revolutions.
(half) to port Ship‟s head to move to port with power as specified.
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Note: For vessels with variable pitch propellers, the meaning of the order would include the combination of pitch and revolutions as indicated in ship‟s orders.
EXERCISE 1 Match the order to its meaning. (Standard wheel oders)
Steady
Ease to ten
Nothing to port
Midships
Steady as she goes
a) Rudder to be held in the fore and aft position ______________________________________ b) Avoid allowing the vessel‟s head to go to port _____________________________________ c) Reduce swing as rapidly as possible ____________________________________________ d) Steer a steady course on the compass heading, Indicated at the time of the order ____________________________________________________________________________ e) Reduce amount of rudder to 10 degress __________________________________________
EXERCISE 2 Standard engine orders Complete the blanks of the phrases written below. a) Port Engines - Full_______________________________ b) Starboard engines - half___________________________ c) ______________________________Engines-slow astern d) Dead slow______________________________________ e) Stop_____________________________________engines f)
Emergency full___________________________________
g) Bow thruster____________________________________ h) Stem Thruster___________________________________ i)
_____________________________________thruster stop
j)
_____________________________-no more manoeuvring.
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UNIDADE 4 MANOBRAS DE ATRACAÇÃO, DESATRACAÇÃO, FUNDEIO E DE SUSPENDER (SHIP HANDLING)
Read this passage and do the exercises as you come to them:
A ship is made fast to the quayside by mooring lines. The standard mooring lines are shown below. They consist of a headline, a breastline and a backspring forward, a stern line, a breastline and a backspring aft. Any of these lines may be doubled. Each line has a large eye spliced in the end. The eye is placed over a bollard on the quayside. If there is another line already on the bollard, the eye of the second line should be taken up through the eye of the first line before placing it over the bollard. This makes it poss ible for either line to be let go first.
PUTTING EYE ON BOLLARD Leaving berth port side to (no wind or tide). Single up to a backspring forward and put engines to slow ahead. Put rudder hard to port (1), this cants the stern out away from the berth (2). When about 30º out, stop engines and put rudder amidships and engines half astern. Let go the backspring as the vessel moves astern off the berth (3). The effect of the transverse thrust is to take stern to port and the bows will swing to starboard clear of the berth. Stop engines and then go full ahead.
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EXERCISE 3 Now use the diagram and notes below to help you complete this description of a ship leaving a berth, starboard side to, with no wind or tide.
Leaving berth (starboard side to) a) Leaving berth starboard side to (no wind or tide). Single up to a ____________ forward and a ___________ aft. Put the engines to _______________ and the rudder hard to ______________(1). Slack away on the _____________ until the stern is clear of the berth (2). Stop engines, then go ___________, put the rudder __________. Let go the ____________ and check on the _____________. The action of the ____________ is to prevent transverse thrust taking the stern to ____________ and consequently forcing the bows onto the quayside. 24
When all is clear _____________ engines and let go the ____________ (3). Then put engines ______________.
Complete the description using only the diagram to help you.
b) Leaving berth tide astern. Single up to a ________________ _ forward and a __________aft(1). Slack away on the __________ and the tide will force the vessel away from the berth. This can be helped by putting the rudder hard over away from the berth, in this case, hard to _____________ (2). When clear of the berth, let go the _____________ and the _____________, and put the engines _____________ and the rudder ___________.
EXERCISE 4 The following words are likely to be used in a lecture on different types of rope. Use a good dictionary to find out their meaning: fibre; natural; synthetic; wire; flexible; lashings; to shrink; to swell; buoyant; elastic; to rot; to tow; yachts; water-resistant; to melt; log lines; halyards; galvanized; to rust.
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APPLIED TERMINOLOGY (A) Terms relating to cargo handling gear
EXERCISE 5 Look at these pictures of cargo-handling gear and then write down what each of them is designed to lift (the first has been done for y ou):
(a) A rope sling is used for lifting bags and bales. (b) _________________________________________________________________________. (c) _________________________________________________________________________. (d) _________________________________________________________________________. (e) _________________________________________________________________________. 26
(f) _________________________________________________________________________. (g) _________________________________________________________________________. (h) _________________________________________________________________________. (i) _________________________________________________________________________. (j) _________________________________________________________________________. (k) _________________________________________________________________________. (l) _________________________________________________________________________.
Anchoring 1
I am at anchor (at… ).
2
I am heaving up anchor.
3
My anchor is clear of the bottom.
4
you may anchor … (at… hours) (in… position) (until pilot arrives) (until tug(s) arrive(s)) (until there is sufficient depth of water)(………………)
5
Do not anchor (in position …).
6
Anchoring is prohibited.
7
I will anchor (at …).
8
Vessel . . . is at anchor (at …).
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Are you dragging anchor? Are you dredging anchor?
10
My anchor is dragging. Your anchor is dragging.
11
Do not dredge anchor.
12
You must heave up anchor.
13
You must shorten your cable to . . . shackles.
14
My anchor is foul.
15
You are obstructing … the fairway) (other traffic).
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You must anchor in a different position …
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You must anchor clear of the fairway.
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What is the anchor position for me?
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You are at anchor in the wrong position.
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I have slipped my anchor (and cable) (and buoyed it) in position … I have lost my anchor (and cable) (and buoyed it) in position … 27
Manoeuvring The use of these messages does not relieve vessels of their obligations to comply with local bye-laws and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1
I am altering my course to port. I am altering my course to starboard.
2
I am keeping course and speed.
3
I am going astern.
4
I am not making way through the water.
5
What are your intentions?
6
Keep well clear of me.
7
I wish to overtake ( … ).
8
Do not overtake ( … )
9
Ship astern … wishes to overtake (on your port side). Ship astern … wishes to overtake (on your starboard side). Vessel … wishes to overtake (on your port side). Vessel . . . wishes to overtake (on your starboard side).
10
You may overtake ( … ).
11
Vessel . . . approaching an obscured area ( … ) approaching vessels acknowledge.
12
I am not under command.
13
I am a hampered vessel.
14
I am manoeuvring with difficulty. Keep clear of me.
15
Advise you alter course to port. Advise you alter course to starboard
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4.1 TERMOS REFERENTES ÀS MANOBRAS DE ATRACAÇÃO DESATRACAÇÃO, FUNDEIO E DE SUSPENDER FERRO
Handling the ship for berthing
Manobra de atracação
Leaving a berth
Desatracação
Arrive off a dock
Chegar próximo a uma doca ou cais
Alongside
Atracado
All fast
Tudo com volta
Allowance for the wind/tide
Desconto para o vento/maré
Avast !
Pára de virar ! (os cabos)
Bend
Dar volta com cabo em alguma coisa
Berth
Local de atracação
Berth (to)
Atracar
Bring or come alongside
Atracar
Bring or come alongside
Atracar
Breastline
Cabo de través
Bitt
Cabeço de bordo
Bollard
Cabeço de cais
Backspring
Espringue de ré
Bowline, bowrope
Lançante de vante
Píer
Molhe de atracação
Place a suitable fender
Colocar uma defesa adequada
Quarter
Alheta
Run of give a headline ashore
Passer um lançante para terra
Round in
Rondar
Secure
Dar volta no cabo
Shed
Armazém
Sternline (afterline)
Lançante de ré
Springline
Espringue
Slip rope
Cabo recorrido
Slack off
Reduzir a tensão do cabo dando saltos no mesmo (paying it out)
Slack away the line
Deixar correr o cabo 29
Slack (to)
Solecar
See that my headline led well ahead (lead, led, led)
Veja se meu lançante está bem lançado
Stem the tide
Aproar à maré
Single up the lines
Deixar somente um lançante e um espringue
Surge
Reduzir a pressão de um cabo no tambor do guincho de maneira que embora o tambor do guincho continue a girar, o cabo não é nem virado nem solecado.
Slip (to)
Recorrer um cabo
Top of highwater
Altura máxima da preamar
Turn round
Girar o navio 180°
Veer
Arriar um cabo ou amarra
Wharf
Cais
Warehouse
Armazém
Undock
Desatracar
Handling a ship for achoring and mooring
Manobra para fundear e amarrar
Arn
Braço da âncora
Anchor
Âncora, ferro
Anchor ball
Balão de fundeio
Anchorage
Ancoradouro, fundeadouro
Apeak
A pique, na vertical
Aweight
Arrancar a âncora
Athwart
Través
Abeam
Través; pelo través
A‟wash
Âncora a olho
A‟cock bill
Ferro pelos cabelos
Bolt
Cavirão da manilha
Brake
Freio
Bow stopper
Mordente
Brought up
Ferro e amarra agüentaram
Bitter end
Chicote interno da amarra
Bite
Unhar – seguro no paiol pela braga ou paixão 30
Come to
Ferro e amarra aguentaram
Cast
Largar
Cable
Amarra, medida igual a 0,1 milha náutica
Chain
Corrente
Clearing anchor
Tirar a peação da amarra
Crown
Cruz da âncora
Drag
Garrar, rocegar
Dragging anchor
Ferro garrando
Dropping down
Cair ou derivar estado com amarra
Dipping the cable
A pique e ferro tocando no fundo; manobra para desfazer voltas de uma amarra com pouco filame
Depth
Profundidade
End link
Elo sem estai
Ease a rope
Aliviar um cabo
Ease away a cable
Solecar a amara
Ease wire or ease rope
Cabo de ala e larga (arame ou manilha)
Fluke
Pata da âncora
Fished
Gurnido
Forelock pin
Contrapino da manilha
Foul anchor
Ferro mordido ou enrascado
Foul cable
Amarra enrascada
Foul hawse
Amarra enrascada
Growing
Direção para onde diz a amarra; portar
Got her cable
Quando o ferro agüentou
Ground
Fundo
Gipsy
Tambor do bolinete
Heave up
Suspender
Hold
Agüentar
Hook
Ferro, âncora
Head
Ressalto da âncora
How the cable is growing
Para onde diz a amarra
Howse pipe
Escovém 31
In sight
A vista, a olho (âncora)
Lead
Direção
Lugged/lugless joining shackle
Elo patente
Long stay
Amarra tesa e bem lançada próximo à horizontal
Lying alongside
Estar atracado
Lying at anchor
Estar ancorado; estar fundeado
Link
Elo
Locker
Paiol da amarra
Let go
Largar o ferro
Mooring
Amarração em bóias; fundear sob dois ferros
Nipped cable
Mudança pronunciada na direção da amarra, geralmente para o bordo oposto
Preventer
Reforço ou cabo de segurança
Roadstead
Fundeadouro, ancoradouro
Riding cable
Amarra de montante
Shank
Haste da âncora
Shackle
Manilha
Shackle
Quartel de amarra (lenght of a cable)
Spile pin
Tufo da manilha
Stud
Estai do elo
Stopper
Boca da amarra; mordente
Short stay
Amarra tesa e pouco lançada, próximo a perpendicular
Stock
Cepo
Slipping a cable
Picar a amarra
Stream
Corrente
Screw up
Apertar o freio
Scope
Filame da amarra
Sleeping cable
Amarra de jusante
Standing moor
Amarrar com o alinhamento dos ferros paralelo à direção da corrente
Snub
Agüentar a amarra
Stroke the bell
Batida do sino 32
Swinging room
Espaço de giro
Swivel
Tornel
To ride at anchor
Estar fundeado
Tiderode
Aproado à corrente
Tend close
Guarnecer
Tend
Deixar claro ou safo
Up and down
Ferro a pique
Windrode
Aproado ao vento
Wildcat
Coroa de barbotin
Walking back
Arriar sob vapor ou pelo bolinete
Veer cable
Arriar a amarra
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Windlass ______________________
Mooring winch ______________________
33
Cargo winch ______________________
Ramp winch ______________________
Anchor winch ______________________
Electric winch ______________________
Main hoisting winch _________________
Electric winch______________________
34
Electric winch ______________________
Advanced series ____________________
Electric winch ______________________
Silent system ______________________
35
REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 1. IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases - SMCP London: IMO, 2002.124 p. 2. KLUIJVEN, P.C.van. The international maritime language programme. Alkamaar: ALK & Heijneen Publ., 2003.416p.II 3. Google Images/abril-2012.
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ANEXO GUIA DE PRONÚNCIA VOGAIS LETRA A
PRONÚNCIA APROXIMADA
EXEMPLO
Antes de consoante tem um som intermediário
can
SIGNIFICADO lata
entre E e A. Quando a consoante seguida de vogal a pronúncia
safe
seguro
these
estes
better
melhor
-se como I, porém, mais longo.
E
Antes de consoante seguida de E, pronuncia-se o I, porém mais longo. Antes de uma consoante final ou antecedendo duas consoantes, pronuncia-se o E, pronuncia -se como I, porém, mais longo.
I
Antes de uma ou duas consoantes tem o som de I
list
lista
O
Antes de uma consoante como o O de mo la
hot
quente
Antes de uma consoante seguida de vogal como
note
apontamento
No caso de dois O (oo) a pronúncia é de U longo
food
comida
Antes de uma ou mais consoantes pronuncia-se como
cup
xícara/copo
tube
tubo
U
como A de ca l. Antes de uma consoante seguida de vogal como IU em miudeza.
37
CONSOANTES LETRA
PRONÚNCIA APROXIMADA
B
Sempre como em barril
C
Antes E, I, Y pronuncia-se como em citra
CH
Como em CH de chaminé, mas precedido de T.
D
EXEMPLO bag
SIGNIFICADO bolsa
receive
receber
chain
corrente
Sempre como em dado.
soda
soda
G
Antes I, Y como em J, porém precedido de d.
gipsy
cigano
H
Abrir a boca e expirar lentamente,
hook
gancho
mas de forma audível.
I
Como JÁ, porém precedido de D.
fail
cadeia
M
Sempre como em maca
mast
mastro
N
Sempre como em navio
net
rede
NG
Como em pingo, mas não se pronuncia o G
ring
argola
R
Como em ca ra, enrolando um pouco a língua .
rest
descanso
S
Entre vogais e no fim da palavra, como S de Rosa.
these
este
S
O resto, como em S de s eco.
sailor
marinheiro
Em grupos de letras como SI, SU pronuncia-se
vision
visão
as vezes como em J de ja.
SH
Como em C H de chapa
wash
lavar
TH
Entre e antes de vogais, normalmente, como D
thick
grosso
pronunciado com a língua entre os dentes.
V
Como em V de av ião
seven
sete
W
Como uma vogal, com o som de U.
week
semana
Y
Em sílabas não tônicas pronuncia-se como I
my
meu
Z
Sempre como zero
zinc
zinco
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SONS COMBINADOS LETRA
PRONÚNCIA APROXIMADA
EXEMPLO
SIGNIFICADO
AI, AY
Como EI em f eira.
day
dia
AU, AW
Como O em co la.
saw
serra
EA, EE
Como I de r ir, porém mais longo.
piece
pedaço
ER, IR
Como A de â nimo, mais prolongado.
surface
superfície
SONS COMBINADOS LETRA
PRONÚNCIA APROXIMADA
EW
Como U de tudo ou como IU de Miudeza.
IGH
Como AI em pai
OI, OU
Como em ÓI de her ói.
OO
Como o U em cru porém mais longo
OU, OW
Como au em mau
EXEMPLO few
SIGNIFICADO pouco
high
alto
oil
óleo
soon now
cedo, logo agora
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RESUMO GRAMATICAL Aqui será transcrito apenas o essencial da gramática inglesa
O ARTIGO O artigo indefinido tem duas formas: A emprega-se antes de uma consoante, e AN antes de vogal ou H mudo.
Exemplos: A ship
Um navio
An ore oil
Um graneleiro combinado
An hour
Uma hora
O artigo definido tem um só forma : THE
Exemplos: The boom
O pau-de-carga
The booms
Os paus-de-carga
SOME indica uma quantidade ou número indefinido. Exemplos : I’d like some
water, please .
Queria água, por favor.
Please bring me some cigarrettes .
Traga-me cigarros, por favor.
ANY emprega-se nas frases negativas e em vários tipos de interrogativas. Exemplos: There ins’t any tractor? Is there any mail for me?
Não há trator? Há corespondência para mim?
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O PRONOME S UJEITO
COMPLEMENTO
ADJETIVO POSSESSIVO
PRONOME POSSESSIVO
Singular 1ª Pessoa
I
Me
My
Mine
2ª Pessoa
You
You
Your
Yours
3ª Pessoa
He She It
Him Her It
His Her It
His Hers
1ª Pessoa
We
Us
Our
Ours
2ª Pessoa
You
You
Your
Yours
3ª Pessoa
They
Them
Their
Theirs
Plural
Give it to me.
Dá-me isto.
He came with us.
Ele veio conosco.
VERBOS AUXILIARES Esses verbos são de grande importância: TO BE, TO HAVE e TO DO.
a)
TO BE (SER)
AFIRMATIVA
CONTRAÇÃO
NEGATIVA
CONTRAÇÃO
I am You are He is She is It is We are They are
I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’r e They’re
I’m not You’re not He’s not She’s not It’s not We’re not They’re not
I’m not You aren’t He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t We aren’t They aren’t
41
b) TO HAVE (TER) AFIRMATIVA I have You have He has She has It has We have They have
CONTRAÇÃO I’ve
You’ve He’s She’s It’s We’ve They’ve
c) TO DO (FAZER) AFIRMATIVA I do You do He/she/it does We do They do
NEGATIVA I do not You do not He/she/it does not We do not They do not
CONTRAÇÃO I don’t You don’t He/she/it doesn’t We don’t They don’t
OUTROS VERBOS Os verbos a seguir são os mais comuns: to give – dar to go – ir to put – pôr to bring – trazer to make- fazer to can – poder to want – querer to come – vir
to see – ver to know – saber to say – dizer to speak – falar to leave – partir to buy – comprar to sell- vender
OBSERVAÇÕES: A) O negativo obtém-se com o auxiliar DO/DOES + NOT + INFINITIVO Exemplo: I do not (don’t) go with the shio – eu não irei como navio.
B) A interrogação é também formada com o auxiliar DO + SUJEITO + INFINITIVO Exemplo: Do you go with the ship? – Você irá com o navio?
42
EXPRESSÕES USUAIS Do you speak English? I understand
May I speak to…?
Você fala inglês? Compreendo. Não compreendo. Pode falar mais devagar? Por favor, mostre a frase no livro. Um momento. Deixe-me ver se a encontro no livro. Escreva por favor. Como é que se faz? Posso falar com...?
I don’t understand
Could you speak more slowly? Please point to the phrase in the book Just a minute. I’ll see if can find
it in this book. Will you write it down please? How do I say?
PODE? Can you help me, please?
Pode arranjar...? Pode dizer-me...? Pode mostrar- me...? Posso entrar? Posso fumar aqui? Posso lhe pedir um favor? Pode me explicar como isto funciona?
Can I have…? Can you tell me…? Can you show me…?
May I come in? May I smoke here? May I ask you a favor? Please explain how this works? Pode ajudar-me, por favor?
PERGUNTAS How do I say? How do I get to...? What do you call this? What do you call that? How?
Como é que se diz? Como é que se vai para...? Como se chama isto? Como se chama aquilo? Como?
PERGUNTAS II Where? Where should I sign? Where is? Where’s the telephone?
Where are? When? When will he be back? What? What’s this?
What does this mean? What does that mean?
What did you say? Who are you? How goes it? Why? How much? How many? Which? Who? Have you any cigarrettes? Onde? Onde devo assinar? 43
Onde está/é? Onde está o telefone? Onde estão? Quando? Quando ele estará de volta? O quê? O que é isto? O que quer dizer isto? O que quer dizer aquilo?
O que é que disse? Quem é o senhor? Tudo bem? Por que? Quanto é? Quantos/ quantas? Qual? Quem? Você tem cigarros?
CORTESIA Are you wainting for someone? Please Thank you It’s very kind of you
Tou are welcome Not at all I am sorry Excuse me Is does n’t matter This is Mr. …
Está a espera de alguém? Por favor Obrigado É muito amável Não tem de quê De nada Peço desculpas Com licença Não faz mal Apresento-lhe o SR. ...
SAUDAÇÕES Good-bye See you tomorrow See you later So long Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Good night Excuse-me I’m very pleased to meet you
How are you? Very well, thank you And you? Fine How do you do? My name is…
I hope to see you again soon Adeus Até amanhã Até breve Até logo Bom dia Boa tarde Boa noite Boa noite Desculpe-me Muito prazer em conhecê-lo Como está você? Muito bem, obrigado Como está? Meu nome é... Espero voltar a vê-lo em breve
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NÚMEROS (CARDINAIS) 0 -zero 1 -one 2 -two 3 -three 4 -four 5 -five 6 -six 7 -seven 8 -eight 9 -nine 10 -ten 11 -eleven 12 -twelve 13 -thirteen
14 -fourteen 15 -fifteen 16 -sixteen 17-seventeen 18 -eighteen 19-nineteen 20 -twenty 21 -twenty-one 22 -twenty-two 23 -twenty- three 24 -twenty-four 25 -twenty -five 26 -twenty-six 27 -twenty-seven
28 -twenty-eight 29 -twenty-nine 30 -thirty 40 -forty 50 -fifty 60 -sixty 70 -seventy 80 -eighty 90 -ninety 100 -one-hundred 200 -two-hundred 1000 -one thousand 1.000.000 -one million
NÚMEROS ORDINAIS Primeiro - first Segundo - second Terceiro - third Quarto - fourth Quinta - fifth
Sexto - sixth Sétimo - seventh Oitavo - eighth Nono - ninth Décimo - tenth
1983 (ano) - nineteen eighty-three 1984 (ano) - nineteen eighty-four 1985 (ano) - nineteen eighty-five
EXPRESSÕES TÉCNICAS ease a rope come alongside wash the hold tow rope trim by the head load draft carton meat room bulk cargo general cargo special cargo homogeneous cargo safe working load gravity center life jacket come out first worki ng days forklift truck
aliviar o cabo atracar baldear o porão cabo de reboque calado maior a vante alado carregado caixa de papelão câmara de carne carga a granel carga geral carga especial carga homogênea carga de trabalho centro de gravidade colete salva-vidas descarregar primeiro dias de trabalho empilhadeira
shed low tide hatchway floating crane trim by the stern
armazém baixar-mar boca de escotilha cábrea calado maior a ré
mean draft wooden box dangerous cargo perishable cargo refrigerated cargo palletized cargo heavy cargo hand truck heavy grain hatch foreman clearing a berth
calado médio caixote de madeira carga perigosa carga perecível carga refrigerada carga unitilizada carga pesada carro de mão cereal pesado contramestre de porão desatracando
dry dock stacking
dique seco empilhamento
45
